FR2535417A1 - Method for fixing a protective coating on a piece of work or a part made from concrete and piece of work or part made from concrete obtained by this method - Google Patents

Method for fixing a protective coating on a piece of work or a part made from concrete and piece of work or part made from concrete obtained by this method Download PDF

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FR2535417A1
FR2535417A1 FR8218186A FR8218186A FR2535417A1 FR 2535417 A1 FR2535417 A1 FR 2535417A1 FR 8218186 A FR8218186 A FR 8218186A FR 8218186 A FR8218186 A FR 8218186A FR 2535417 A1 FR2535417 A1 FR 2535417A1
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concrete
nonwoven
coating
work
piece
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FR2535417B1 (en
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Priority to FR8218186A priority Critical patent/FR2535417B1/en
Priority to FR8316002A priority patent/FR2553157B2/en
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Priority to BE0/215731A priority patent/BE903454Q/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B19/00Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon
    • B28B19/0092Machines or methods for applying the material to surfaces to form a permanent layer thereon to webs, sheets or the like, e.g. of paper, cardboard
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28BSHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/04Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04FFINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F15/00Flooring
    • E04F15/02Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
    • E04F15/10Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements of other materials, e.g. fibrous or chipped materials, organic plastics, magnesite tiles, hardboard, or with a top layer of other materials

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention concerns a method for fixing a protective coating on a piece of work made of concrete. The method is characterised in that a coating of a complex plastomer/non woven material or elastomer/non woven material is applied with pressure to freshly cast concrete in such a manner that the non woven fibres penetrate into the concrete before the latter has hardened and thereafter ensure, once the concrete has cured, an intimate mechanical link between the two materials.

Description

La pré sente invention concerne un procédé de fix;- tion d'un revêtement protecteur sur un ouvrage ou une piece man-ufacturée en béton,ainsi qu'un ouvrage ou une pièce en béton portant ce revêtement. The present invention relates to a method of fixing; - tion of a protective coating on a work or a man-ufacturée piece of concrete, as well as a work or a concrete piece carrying this coating.

Jusqu'à présent les revêtements en élastomère ou plastomère ont été appliqués sur des surfaces en béton soit au moyen d'une structure du type tenon-mortaise, soit par coulée du béton sur le revêtement, le relief du contait étant fortement prononcé, soit encore par collage du revête- ment sur la surface en béton, au moyen d'une colle appropriée. Ces divers procédés connus présentent tous l'inconvénient d'être relativement onéreux, puisque le premier exige l'emploi d'un revêtement en élastomère ou plastomère précédemment moulé de manière à présenter, sur l'une de ses faces, des nervures en queue d'aronde parallèles, ou bien parce qu'ils exigent l'emploi de colles.Par ailleurs aucun de ces procédés ne permet d'obtenir une résistance de la liaison entre ie revêtement et la surface en béton qui puisse être garantie dans le temps ou bien qui puisse tenir vis à vis de fortes agressions du type mécanique(aspiration, frottement par e-xemple) ou bien de type chimique (liquides corrosifs, immersion dans l'eau de mer par exemple). Until now, elastomeric or plastomeric coatings have been applied to concrete surfaces either by means of a tenon-mortise type structure, or by pouring concrete onto the coating, the relief of the tale being strongly pronounced, or even by bonding the coating to the concrete surface, using an appropriate adhesive. These various known methods all have the disadvantage of being relatively expensive, since the former requires the use of an elastomer or plastomer coating previously molded so as to have, on one of its faces, ribs in tail d parallel dovetails, or because they require the use of adhesives. Furthermore, none of these methods makes it possible to obtain a resistance of the bond between the covering and the concrete surface which can be guaranteed over time or else which can withstand strong aggressions of the mechanical type (suction, friction by e-xample) or chemical type (corrosive liquids, immersion in sea water for example).

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvé nients en procurant un procédé très facile à mettre en oeuvre ,d'un coût relativement bas et assurant une excellente tenue du revêtement dans le temps. The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a process that is very easy to implement, of relatively low cost and ensuring excellent resistance of the coating over time.

A cet effet ce procédé de fixation d'un revêtement protecteur sur un ouvrage ou une pièce manufacturée en béton est caractérisé en ce que l'on appliqueavec pression un revêtement du genre complexe plastombre/non tissé ou élasto- mère/non tissé sur du béton frais de manière que les fibres du non tissé pénètrent dans le béton avant la prise de celui-ci et assurent ensuite, une fois le béton durci, une liaison mécanique intime entre les deux matériaux. To this end, this method of fixing a protective coating on a work or a concrete manufactured part is characterized in that a coating of the complex type plastum / non-woven or elastomer / non-woven is applied under pressure to concrete. fresh so that the fibers of the nonwoven penetrate into the concrete before it sets and then ensure, once the concrete has hardened, an intimate mechanical connection between the two materials.

L'invention a également pour objet un ouvrage ou une pièce manufacture-e en béton portant un revêtement protecteur fixé par le procédé précité.  The subject of the invention is also a work or a concrete manufacturing part carrying a protective coating fixed by the aforementioned method.

Le matériau fibreux non tissé qui constitué en quel que suite une doublure de la couche protectrice elle-même realisé cn élastomère ou plastombre est forme de fibres ou f ilr.aants répartis directionnellement ou au hasard e t dont la cohésion interne est assurée par des méthodes mécanique aiguilletage..), physiques (soudage ou dissolution partiel- le...), chimiques (imprégnation...) ou bien encore par com- binaison de ces divers procédés de manière à obtenir un matériau pré sentant de bonnes caractéristiques mécaniques
ces matériaux fibreux non tissés peuvent être obtenus par toute voie convenable, par exemple par voie humide, sèche, fondue etc. Une nappe de non tissé à la propriété de pouvoir s'asocier avec superposition (doublage) à des feuillas de pl a s t omè r e ou d'élastomlbre en constituant un complexe hétérogène mais résistant présentant une face lisse (plastomère ou élastomère) et une face fibreuse (non tissé).
The non-woven fibrous material which, in whatever sequence, forms a lining of the protective layer itself made of elastomer or plastum is formed from fibers or fibers which are distributed directionally or randomly and whose internal cohesion is ensured by mechanical methods needling ...), physical (welding or partial dissolution ...), chemical (impregnation ...) or even by combining these various processes so as to obtain a material with good mechanical characteristics
these non-woven fibrous materials can be obtained by any suitable route, for example by wet, dry, melt, etc. A nonwoven web with the property of being able to combine with superposition (doubling) with plastomere or elastomeric sheets in constituting a heterogeneous but resistant complex having a smooth face (plastomer or elastomer) and a fibrous face (nonwoven).

Le revêtement protecteur mis en place par le procédé suivant l'i-nvention permet d'assurer, séparément ou concomitamment, l'étanchéité, la résistance aux agressions externes (intempéries, corrosion), la résistance à l'abrasion, I' iso- lation thermique, l'isolation phonique et un effet esthétique varié et agréable, que le procédé soit appliqué à un ouvrage an béton ou à une pièce manufacturée en béton. Il en résulte plusieurs avantages dont notamment la prolongation de la durée de vie du béton, la possibilité d'emploi de bétons économlques dans des milieux où jusqu'à présent il est nécessaire de faire appel à des techniques d'un coût élevé, et toute une série d'applications nouvelles qui seront exposées par la suite. The protective coating implemented by the process according to the i-nvention ensures, separately or concomitantly, the sealing, the resistance to external aggressions (weathering, corrosion), the abrasion resistance, the iso- thermal insulation, sound insulation and a varied and pleasant aesthetic effect, whether the process is applied to a concrete structure or to a manufactured concrete part. This results in several advantages including in particular the extension of the life of the concrete, the possibility of using economical concretes in environments where until now it is necessary to use techniques of high cost, and any a series of new applications which will be exposed later.

Lorsque le procédé suivant l'invention est appliqué à des pièces manufacturées en usine, on place préalablement, dans le moule destiné à la coulée du béton pour la furmation de la pince en que s t ion, une nappe de matériau complexe élastomére non tissé ou plastomère/non tissé à la périphérie du moule, 13 face fibreuse étant toujours tournée vers l'intériaur du moule oZ vient ensuite se loger le béton.  When the process according to the invention is applied to parts manufactured in the factory, a sheet of complex non-woven elastomeric or plastomeric material is placed beforehand in the mold intended for pouring the concrete for the gripper as st ion. / nonwoven at the periphery of the mold, the fibrous side always facing the interior of the mold where the concrete is then housed.

Dans le cas de l'application du procédé à la protection d'ouvrages en béton coulés in situ, on dispose la nappe de matériau complexe élastomère/non tissé ou plastomère/non tissé de telle façon que la face fibreuse puisse s'accrocher dans la couche superficielle de béton frais, cette disposition étant également valable dans le cas d'une chape coulée sur un ouvrage existant. In the case of the application of the method to the protection of concrete structures cast in situ, the sheet of complex elastomeric / nonwoven or plastomer / nonwoven material is placed in such a way that the fibrous face can catch on the surface layer of fresh concrete, this provision also being valid in the case of a screed poured over an existing structure.

Dans le cas d'objets ou d'ouvrages existants devant être protégés un enduit frais peut être appliqué préalablement sur l'objet ou l'ouvrage ,afin de permettre la fixation du revêtement. In the case of existing objects or structures to be protected, a fresh coating can be applied beforehand to the object or structure, in order to allow the fixing of the coating.

Le procédé suivant l'invention permet d'associer les qualités propres aux élastomères ou plastomères avec les caractéristiques mécaniques des bétons et les qualités propres au non tissé (isolation notamment). The process according to the invention makes it possible to associate the qualities specific to elastomers or plastomers with the mechanical characteristics of concrete and the qualities specific to nonwoven (insulation in particular).

En ce qui concerne les bétons manufacturés, il existe une nomenclature établie par la FIB, composée de neuf familles de produits et pour chacune de ces familles ce sont certains caractères des plastomères ou élastomères qui seront mis en valeur. On peut citer, à titre d'exemple
pour les blocs seront mis en valeur les caractères d'étanchéité, d'esthétique, de résistance aux agents atmosphériques etc;
pour les éléments pour planchers ce seront les caractères d'ésthétique et d'isolation (phonique et thermique);
pour les produits aérauliques et gaines en béton, ce seront les caractères d'anti-corrosion et d'isolation etc.
Regarding manufactured concrete, there is a nomenclature established by the FIB, composed of nine families of products and for each of these families it is certain characters of the plastomers or elastomers which will be highlighted. We can cite, by way of example
for the blocks, the characteristics of tightness, aesthetics, resistance to atmospheric agents, etc. will be highlighted;
for the elements for floors it will be the characters of esthetics and insulation (phonic and thermal);
for aeraulic products and concrete sheaths, these will be the anti-corrosion and insulation characteristics, etc.

En ce qui concerne les ouvrages coulés, in situ l'application de revêtements de ce type leur permet d'avoir une meilleure résistance au gel, aux fissurations, au gonflement, à toutes les agressions extérieures, tout en leur apportant un caractère esthétique agréable et nouveau d'un point de vue architectural. With regard to poured works, in situ the application of coatings of this type allows them to have better resistance to frost, to cracks, to swelling, to all external aggressions, while bringing them a pleasant aesthetic character and new from an architectural point of view.

I1 convient de noter que deux applications importantes du procédé suivant l'invention .concernent la protection des barrages et les revêtements routiers. En ce qui concerne ces derniers, en choisissant judicieusement le revèternant, il est possible d'améliorer leur durée de,vie et leurs qualités anti-dérapantes. It should be noted that two important applications of the process according to the invention. Concern the protection of dams and road surfaces. With regard to the latter, by judiciously choosing the coating, it is possible to improve their lifespan and their non-slip qualities.

D'une manière générale la possiblité dé recouvrement intégral par revêtements protecteurs permet d'utiliser des butons ordinaires pour des applications où la présence d'un environnement agressif nécessiterait l'emploi d'adjuvants ou une préparation spéciale onéreuse. In general, the possibility of full covering with protective coverings makes it possible to use ordinary struts for applications where the presence of an aggressive environment would require the use of additives or an expensive special preparation.

Trois applications, entre autres, sont particulièrement remarquables:
1. les carreaux ou dalles: cette technique permet, en effet, de confectionner des carrelages avec des possibilits de teintes beaucoup plus variées que celles des carreaux en grès ou en céramiques, et de plus beaucoup moins fragiles. Par rapport à un revêtement de sol classique posé et collé sur une chape an béton, la solution des carrelages présente l'avantage d' être moins onéreuse car un lit de sable est seulement nécessaire commue soubassement. De plus l'effet esthétique est bien supérieur.
Three applications, among others, are particularly remarkable:
1. tiles: this technique makes it possible, in fact, to make tiles with possibilities of colors much more varied than those of stoneware or ceramic tiles, and moreover much less fragile. Compared to a classic floor covering laid and glued to a concrete screed, the solution of tiles has the advantage of being less expensive because a bed of sand is only necessary as a base. In addition, the aesthetic effect is much higher.

2. Les sols industriels: il semble que la moitié- des surfaces de sols industriels exécutées chaque année corresponde à des opérations de remplacement de sols existants, la corrosion et l'usure étant les deux principales causes de destruction. De ce fait les bétons utilisés sont de qualité supérieure et par conséquent relativement durs. Les revêtements en élastomères ou plastomères, tout en exigeant la même résistance mécanique du béton permettent de le protéger très efficacement contre l'abrasion et la corrosion, augmentant ainsi notablement sa durée de vie. 2. Industrial floors: it seems that half of the surfaces of industrial floors executed each year correspond to operations to replace existing floors, corrosion and wear being the two main causes of destruction. Therefore the concrete used is of superior quality and therefore relatively hard. The elastomeric or plastomeric coatings, while requiring the same mechanical resistance of the concrete, make it possible to protect it very effectively against abrasion and corrosion, thus notably increasing its service life.

3. Les revêtements de façades: la technique proposée représente une solution élégante pour assurer l'étanchéité des façades, en apportant de plus des possibilités de décoration sur de grandes surfaces difficiles à réaliser avec les produits traditionnels.  3. Facade cladding: the technique proposed represents an elegant solution for ensuring the watertightness of facades, while also providing decoration possibilities on large surfaces difficult to achieve with traditional products.

Claims (5)

REVENDICATIDS 1- Procédé de fixation d'un revêtement protecteur sur un ouvrage ou une pièce rnanufacturée en béton caract- risé en ce que l'on applique avec pression un revêtement du genre complexe plastombre/non tissé ou élastomère/non tissé sur du béton frais de manière que les fibres du non tissé pénètrent dans le béton avant la prise de celui-ci et assurent ensuite, une fois le béton durci, une liaison m4caw nique intime entre les deux matériaux. 1- Method for attaching a protective coating to a structure or a manufactured piece of concrete characterized in that a coating of the complex type plastum / non-woven or elastomer / non-woven is applied under pressure to fresh concrete of so that the fibers of the nonwoven penetrate into the concrete before it sets and then ensure, once the concrete has hardened, an intimate mechanical connection between the two materials. 2- Procédé suivant la revendication l caractéris en ce que lorsqu'ii est appliqué à des pièces manufacturées an usine, on place préalablement, dans le moule destiné à la coulée du béton pour la formation de la pièce en question, une nappe de matériau complexe élastomère/non tissé ou plastomère/non tissé à la périphérie du moule, la face fibreuse étant toujours tournée vers l'intérieur du moule où vient ensuite se loger le béton. 2- A method according to claim l characterized in that when it is applied to parts manufactured in the factory, a sheet of complex material is previously placed in the mold intended for pouring concrete for the formation of the part in question. elastomer / nonwoven or plastomer / nonwoven at the periphery of the mold, the fibrous face always facing the inside of the mold where the concrete is then housed. 3- Procédé suivant la revendication l caractérisé en ce que dans le cas où il est appliqué à la protection d'ouvrages en béton coulés in situ, on dispose la nappe de matériau complexe élastomère/non tissé ou plastomère/non tissé de telle façon que la face fibreuse puisse s'accrocher dans la couche superficielle de béton frais, cette disposition étant également valable dans le cas d'une chape coulée sur un ouvrage existant. 3- A method according to claim l characterized in that in the case where it is applied to the protection of concrete structures cast in situ, the web of complex elastomeric / nonwoven or plastomeric / nonwoven material is placed in such a way that the fibrous face can catch on the surface layer of fresh concrete, this arrangement also being valid in the case of a screed poured over an existing structure. 4- Procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisé en ce qu'on applique le revêtement sur un enduit frais déposé préalablement sur un objet ou un ouvrage coulés antérieurement. 4- A method according to any one of the preceding claims characterized in that the coating is applied to a fresh coating previously deposited on an object or a previously cast work. 5- Ouvrage ou pièce manufacturée an béton portant un revêtement protecteur fixé par le procédé suivant l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes  5- Work or part manufactured in concrete bearing a protective coating fixed by the process according to any one of the preceding claims
FR8218186A 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 METHOD OF FIXING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A WORK OR A MANUFACTURED CONCRETE PART AND A WORK OR CONCRETE MANUFACTURED PART OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS Expired FR2535417B1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8218186A FR2535417B1 (en) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 METHOD OF FIXING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A WORK OR A MANUFACTURED CONCRETE PART AND A WORK OR CONCRETE MANUFACTURED PART OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS
FR8316002A FR2553157B2 (en) 1982-10-29 1983-10-07 METHOD FOR FIXING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A WORK OR A MANUFACTURED CONCRETE PART
BE0/215731A BE903454Q (en) 1982-10-29 1985-10-16 METHOD OF FIXING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A WORK OR A MANUFACTURED CONCRETE PART OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS

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FR8218186A FR2535417B1 (en) 1982-10-29 1982-10-29 METHOD OF FIXING A PROTECTIVE COATING ON A WORK OR A MANUFACTURED CONCRETE PART AND A WORK OR CONCRETE MANUFACTURED PART OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS

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FR2535417A1 true FR2535417A1 (en) 1984-05-04
FR2535417B1 FR2535417B1 (en) 1986-06-20

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FR2609423A1 (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-07-15 Bonna Sa Tuyaux Process for integrally attaching a facing to a unit made of concrete and concrete unit provided with such a facing
FR2743524A1 (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-07-18 Knauf Casting method of concrete construction panel or slab with waterproof coating
WO2010037211A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Apparatus and methods for lining concrete structures with flexible liners of textile or the like
US9784005B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Systems for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures with locatable stand-off components
US9783991B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2017-10-10 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure cladding trim components and methods for fabrication and use of same
US9790681B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2017-10-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures
US9879436B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2018-01-30 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9982444B2 (en) 2014-04-04 2018-05-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Liquid and gas-impermeable connections for panels of stay-in-place form-work systems
US10022825B2 (en) 2010-07-06 2018-07-17 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Method for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding a variety of structures
US10151119B2 (en) 2012-01-05 2018-12-11 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Tool for making panel-to-panel connections for stay-in-place liners used to repair structures and methods for using same
US10280636B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2019-05-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same
US10731333B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2020-08-04 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Structure-lining apparatus with adjustable width and tool for same
US11180915B2 (en) 2017-04-03 2021-11-23 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Longspan stay-in-place liners
US11512483B2 (en) 2017-12-22 2022-11-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Snap-together standoffs for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures
US12037801B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2024-07-16 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete

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WO2009092158A1 (en) 2008-01-21 2009-07-30 Octaform Systems Inc. Stay-in-place form systems for windows and other building openings
US8793953B2 (en) 2009-02-18 2014-08-05 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Clip-on connection system for stay-in-place form-work
CA2855742C (en) 2011-11-24 2019-10-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Stay-in place formwork with engaging and abutting connections
AU2012343274B2 (en) 2011-11-24 2017-06-15 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Stay-in-place formwork with anti-deformation panels
WO2020160684A1 (en) 2019-02-08 2020-08-13 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Retainers for restoring, repairing, reinforcing, protecting, insulating and/or cladding structures

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FR2211957A6 (en) * 1972-12-22 1974-07-19 Halaunbrenner Lazare
FR2246704A1 (en) * 1973-10-09 1975-05-02 Linecker Josef

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DE1117285B (en) * 1958-07-19 1961-11-16 Josef Odenthal Plate for covering walls, ceilings or the like and a method for their attachment
FR2211957A6 (en) * 1972-12-22 1974-07-19 Halaunbrenner Lazare
FR2246704A1 (en) * 1973-10-09 1975-05-02 Linecker Josef

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2609423A1 (en) * 1987-01-12 1988-07-15 Bonna Sa Tuyaux Process for integrally attaching a facing to a unit made of concrete and concrete unit provided with such a facing
FR2743524A1 (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-07-18 Knauf Casting method of concrete construction panel or slab with waterproof coating
US10280636B2 (en) 2007-11-09 2019-05-07 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Connector components for form-work systems and methods for use of same
WO2010037211A1 (en) * 2008-10-01 2010-04-08 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Apparatus and methods for lining concrete structures with flexible liners of textile or the like
US12037801B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2024-07-16 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US11512484B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2022-11-29 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US9879436B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2018-01-30 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
US10662661B2 (en) 2009-01-07 2020-05-26 Cfs Concrete Forming Systems Inc. Methods and apparatus for restoring, repairing, reinforcing and/or protecting structures using concrete
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