EP1207241B1 - Wall element - Google Patents

Wall element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1207241B1
EP1207241B1 EP01402904A EP01402904A EP1207241B1 EP 1207241 B1 EP1207241 B1 EP 1207241B1 EP 01402904 A EP01402904 A EP 01402904A EP 01402904 A EP01402904 A EP 01402904A EP 1207241 B1 EP1207241 B1 EP 1207241B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulating layer
roofing element
element according
structural box
fibers
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP01402904A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1207241A1 (en
Inventor
Yves Brugeaud
Ramez Kamel
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Brugeaud Yves
Conseil Services Investissements
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Conseil Services Investissements
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Publication of EP1207241A1 publication Critical patent/EP1207241A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wall element and more particularly to a cover element that can be used in particular in the roofs of non-residential buildings such as industrial buildings or collective buildings.
  • the roof of such buildings generally comprises a frame of metal, concrete or wood, on which are fixed cover elements.
  • roofing elements formed of ribbed metal plates fixed on failures extending between beams of the frame are known. These metal plates are covered with insulation and bituminous sealing layers. Such covering elements require a complex framework and implement multiple components whose assembly is carried out on the site. The realization of such roofs is therefore relatively long and expensive and is also dangerous given the number of operations that must be performed in height.
  • the bituminous layers require relatively frequent maintenance and maintenance operations and have a lifespan of not more than fifteen years.
  • the bituminous layers tend to facilitate the spread of fires.
  • roofs of this type are usually covered with a layer of several centimeters of gravel limiting the spread of flames to the top of the roof.
  • this complicates the realization of the roof and weighs it down significantly.
  • cover elements formed of corrugated metal sheets flanking an insulating layer. Such cover elements are achievable in relatively long length so that it is possible to mount these directly between the beams of the frame without resorting to breakdowns. However, these cover elements generally have significant thicknesses, of the order of two meters for the longest staves. The use of such cover elements therefore causes either a significant increase in the external height of the building, or a significant decrease in the inner height thereof.
  • a cover member according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in US-A-4232494.
  • the cover element can be used for large spans, of the order of 12 to 20 meters, while having a relatively small thickness, of the order of 40 centimeters.
  • the mass of such elements is also relatively small.
  • the cover elements thus formed also have a long life equivalent to that of the concrete structure of the building they equip.
  • the cover element can easily be machined to allow its adjustment to a support structure such as a frame and / or to the surrounding cover elements.
  • the frame box comprises two plates which extend on either side of the insulating layer and are joined by side walls.
  • the plates have internal ribbed surfaces and / or the frame box is internally partitioned.
  • This structure has a particularly high mechanical strength.
  • the concrete of the framework box comprises a matrix of cement and reinforcing fillers such as metal fibers, synthetic fibers or organic fibers.
  • the insulating layer is a lightweight concrete advantageously comprising a cement matrix and polystyrene beads.
  • an insulating layer having a density of the order of 200 to 400 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength at 28 days of the order of 1 to 2 megapascals.
  • the insulating layer is easily machinable, which facilitates the manufacture of the wall element particularly when the frame box is ribbed internally and the insulating layer is used as insert in the formwork in which is poured the concrete forming the box .
  • this type of material is substantially incombustible or non-flammable.
  • the wall element which will now be described is intended to be fixed to a frame to form a covering element.
  • This wall element can also be used in combination with a support structure to form a cladding.
  • the covering element according to the invention comprises a frame box generally designated 1 and an insulating layer 2 extending inside the frame box 1.
  • the frame box 1 comprises two plates 3, 4 which extend on either side of the insulating layer 2 and are joined by side walls 5, 6.
  • the ends 1 'of the box are closed by internal transverse partitions 14 which isolate the interior of the frame box 1 and the insulating layer 2 from the outside and in particular the fire in case of fire or water.
  • the internal transverse partitions 14 also mechanically reinforce the frame box 1.
  • the frame box 1 is made of a material comprising a cement matrix in which are dispersed metal fibers, synthetic fibers or organic fibers.
  • This material is made from granules having a small particle size, preferably less than 0.3 mm, and water. In a manner known per se, it is possible to add additives to obtain a determined plasticity with the minimum of mixing water.
  • the composition of the material is determined so that the material has good resistance to the freeze-thaw cycle (no deterioration of its properties after 300 cycles), a low capillary porosity advantageously less than 10 ⁇ m (or less than 1%), a overall porosity low advantageously between 2% and 6% and a shrinkage after treatment less than 10 -5 . The combination of these characteristics gives the material a longer service life than conventional concretes and an intrinsic impermeability in the absence of cracks.
  • the concrete constituting the frame box, and more particularly at the level of the plate intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building, may comprise plastic fibers so that, in the event of an increase in temperature, the fusion of the fibers plastics allows at least partial release of internal stresses.
  • the outer surface of the plates 3, 4 and more particularly that which is intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building may be covered in whole or part of a layer of intumescent paint.
  • the inner surface of the plates 3, 4 and more particularly that of the plate 4 intended to be inside the building is preferably covered wholly or partly with a layer of plaster, in particular in case of fire, to slow down the diffusion of heat towards the interior of the box.
  • the insulating layer 2 is preferably made of a light insulating concrete which is advantageously composed of a cement matrix in which polystyrene beads are dispersed. During the manufacture of this concrete, it is possible to add cement, polystyrene beads and mixing water, especially lime. hydraulic, an adjuvant of animal protein type and / or a calcareous load.
  • the insulating layer 2 can be made from blocks of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam or even from any other insulating material of low density.
  • the plate referenced 4 is that which is intended to be on the inside of the building.
  • the plates 3, 4 have smooth internal surfaces.
  • longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend on the internal surfaces of the plates 3, 4. These ribs exert a stiffening function of the frame box 1.
  • the frame box 1 comprises a prestressed longitudinal portion extending in the part of the side walls 5, 6 adjacent to the plate 4, that is to say in the part thereof which most often extends under the line of null stress.
  • the prestress is ensured by means of adhering cables 9 embedded in the concrete to exert a compression force on this part of each side wall 5, 6.
  • the insulating layer 2, not shown here, has grooves which receive the longitudinal and transverse ribs 7, 8.
  • longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend on the internal surface of the plate 3 and the inner surface of the plate 4 is smooth.
  • two internal longitudinal partitions 10, 11 extend in the frame box 1 between the plates 3 and 4 parallel to the side walls 5, 6.
  • Prestressing elements 9 here extend longitudinally in the portions of the side walls 5, 6 and internal partitions 10, 11 adjacent to the plate 4.
  • the ends 1 'of the box 1 comprise several internal transverse walls 14 parallel to each other closing the ends 1'. This allows, during a cutting of the cover element to reduce its length, to retain at least one transverse partition 14 after cutting to protect and isolate the interior of the frame box 1 and the insulating layer 2 of the outside and for example flames in case of fire or water.
  • the internal transverse walls also contribute to the mechanical reinforcement of the frame box 1.
  • the frame box is partitioned internally by partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 extending longitudinally between the plates 3 and 4 parallel to the side walls 5, 6.
  • Prestressing elements 9 extend in the portions of the side walls 5, 6 and internal partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 adjacent to the plate 4.
  • the wall element can be easily machined (eg cut) to pass in particular vertical ducts or ducts or allow adjustments to other elements.
  • the manufacture of the wall element according to the invention starts with the production of the insulating layer 2 by pouring light concrete into a form whose dimensions correspond to those of the interior space of the frame box 1.
  • the insulating layer 2 is deposited on the plate 4 and the assembly is covered with concrete to form the side walls 5, 6 and the plate 3.
  • the insulating layer 2 has grooves, it is necessary that the concrete penetrates these grooves so that they form a mold cavity of the ribs. It is the same when the insulating layer has grooves.
  • the lightweight insulating concrete used for the layer insulation is considered non-combustible or non-flammable and its thermal insulation properties slow down the diffusion of heat thus limiting the temperature increase at the top plate and also the side walls and internal partitions. With this type of wall elements, it is possible to have a fire stability of the order of 60 minutes minimum. The fire behavior of such a roofing element is therefore particularly interesting.
  • This embodiment makes it possible to have good adhesion between the concrete forming the frame box and that forming the insulating layer. In case of cracking of the wall element, this adhesion tends to maintain the cracked parts with the rest of the wall element.
  • the deterioration of the plate 4 does not substantially cause the appearance of instability of shape at the rest of the wall element.
  • the configuration of the internal ribs and / or internal partitions of the frame box and the arrangement and / or the number of the prestressing elements can be modified in particular according to the forces that will have to support the wall element and the application direction of these, the mechanical properties of the insulating layer and the mechanical properties of the concretes used without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Abstract

The wall panel has a frame casing (1) of cement with at least one prestressed longitudinal section (5) and an insulating layer (2) extending through the frame. The frame casing can have two panels extending on each side of the insulating layer and connected by the sidewalls. One of the panels can have internal reinforcing ribs.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de paroi et plus particulièrement un élément de couverture utilisable notamment dans les toitures des bâtiments non résidentiels tels que des bâtiments industriels ou des bâtiments collectifs.The present invention relates to a wall element and more particularly to a cover element that can be used in particular in the roofs of non-residential buildings such as industrial buildings or collective buildings.

La toiture de tels bâtiments comprend généralement une charpente en métal, en béton ou en bois, sur laquelle sont fixés des éléments de couverture.The roof of such buildings generally comprises a frame of metal, concrete or wood, on which are fixed cover elements.

Il est connu des éléments de couverture formés de plaques métalliques nervurées fixées sur des pannes s'étendant entre des poutres de la charpente. Ces plaques métalliques sont recouvertes d'un isolant et de couches bitumineuses d'étanchéité. De tels éléments de couverture nécessitent une charpente complexe et mettent en oeuvre de multiples composants dont l'assemblage est réalisé sur le site. La réalisation de telles toitures est donc relativement longue et coûteuse et s'avère également dangereuse compte tenu du nombre d'opérations qu'il est nécessaire de réaliser en hauteur. En outre, les couches bitumineuses nécessitent des opérations de maintenance et d'entretien relativement fréquentes et ont une durée de vie qui n'excède pas une quinzaine d'années. Par ailleurs, compte tenu de leur composition, les couches bitumineuses tendent à faciliter la propagation des incendies.Roofing elements formed of ribbed metal plates fixed on failures extending between beams of the frame are known. These metal plates are covered with insulation and bituminous sealing layers. Such covering elements require a complex framework and implement multiple components whose assembly is carried out on the site. The realization of such roofs is therefore relatively long and expensive and is also dangerous given the number of operations that must be performed in height. In addition, the bituminous layers require relatively frequent maintenance and maintenance operations and have a lifespan of not more than fifteen years. Moreover, given their composition, the bituminous layers tend to facilitate the spread of fires.

Pour pallier cet inconvénient, les toitures de ce type sont généralement recouvertes d'une couche de plusieurs centimètres de gravillons limitant la propagation des flammes vers le haut de la toiture. Cependant, ceci complexifie la réalisation de la toiture et alourdit celle-ci de façon importante.To overcome this drawback, roofs of this type are usually covered with a layer of several centimeters of gravel limiting the spread of flames to the top of the roof. However, this complicates the realization of the roof and weighs it down significantly.

Il est également utilisé des éléments de couverture formés de tôles métalliques ondulées encadrant une couche isolante. De tels éléments de couverture sont réalisables en relativement grande longueur de sorte qu'il est possible de monter ceux-ci directement entre les poutres de la charpente sans recourir à des pannes. Toutefois, ces éléments de couverture ont généralement des épaisseurs importantes, de l'ordre de deux mètres pour les plus longues portées. L'utilisation de tels éléments de couverture entraîne donc soit une augmentation notable de la hauteur extérieure du bâtiment, soit une diminution notable de la hauteur intérieure de celui-ci.It is also used cover elements formed of corrugated metal sheets flanking an insulating layer. Such cover elements are achievable in relatively long length so that it is possible to mount these directly between the beams of the frame without resorting to breakdowns. However, these cover elements generally have significant thicknesses, of the order of two meters for the longest staves. The use of such cover elements therefore causes either a significant increase in the external height of the building, or a significant decrease in the inner height thereof.

Un élément de couverture selon le préambule de la revendication 1 est décrit dans US-A-4232494.A cover member according to the preamble of claim 1 is described in US-A-4232494.

Il serait donc intéressant de disposer d'un élément de couverture remédiant aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur.It would therefore be advantageous to have a covering element overcoming the drawbacks of the prior art.

A cet effet, on prévoit, un élément de couverture selon la revendication 1.For this purpose, there is provided a cover element according to claim 1.

Avec cette structure, l'élément de couverture peut être utilisé pour de grandes portées, de l'ordre de 12 à 20 mètres, tout en ayant une épaisseur relativement faible, de l'ordre de 40 centimètres. La masse de tels éléments est également relativement faible. Les éléments de couverture ainsi constitués ont en outre une durée de vie importante équivalente à celle de la structure en béton du bâtiment qu'ils équipent. Par ailleurs, l'élément de couverture peut facilement être usiné pour permettre son ajustement à une structure support telle qu'une charpente et/ou aux éléments de couverture environnant.With this structure, the cover element can be used for large spans, of the order of 12 to 20 meters, while having a relatively small thickness, of the order of 40 centimeters. The mass of such elements is also relatively small. The cover elements thus formed also have a long life equivalent to that of the concrete structure of the building they equip. Furthermore, the cover element can easily be machined to allow its adjustment to a support structure such as a frame and / or to the surrounding cover elements.

Le caisson d'ossature comprend deux plaques qui s'étendent de part et d'autre de la couche isolante et sont réunies par des parois latérales. Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, les plaques ont des surfaces internes nervurées et/ou le caisson d'ossature est cloisonné intérieurement.The frame box comprises two plates which extend on either side of the insulating layer and are joined by side walls. According to a particular embodiment, the plates have internal ribbed surfaces and / or the frame box is internally partitioned.

Cette structure présente une résistance mécanique particulièrement importante.This structure has a particularly high mechanical strength.

Le béton du caisson d'ossature comporte une matrice de ciment et des charges de renfort telles que des fibres métalliques, des fibres synthétiques ou des fibres organiques.The concrete of the framework box comprises a matrix of cement and reinforcing fillers such as metal fibers, synthetic fibers or organic fibers.

De préférence, la couche isolante est en un béton léger comprenant avantageusement une matrice de ciment et des billes de polystyrène.Preferably, the insulating layer is a lightweight concrete advantageously comprising a cement matrix and polystyrene beads.

Il est possible d'obtenir une couche isolante présentant une masse volumique de l'ordre de 200 à 400 kg/m3 et une résistance en compression à 28 jours de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mégapascals. La couche isolante est facilement usinable, ce qui facilite la fabrication de l'élément de paroi en particulier lorsque le caisson d'ossature est nervuré intérieurement et que la couche isolante est utilisée comme insert dans le coffrage dans lequel est coulé le béton formant le caisson. En outre, ce type de matériau est sensiblement incombustible ou non inflammable.It is possible to obtain an insulating layer having a density of the order of 200 to 400 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength at 28 days of the order of 1 to 2 megapascals. The insulating layer is easily machinable, which facilitates the manufacture of the wall element particularly when the frame box is ribbed internally and the insulating layer is used as insert in the formwork in which is poured the concrete forming the box . In addition, this type of material is substantially incombustible or non-flammable.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation particuliers non limitatifs de l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will emerge on reading the following description of particular non-limiting embodiments of the invention.

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de couverture selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective et en coupe transversale avec écorché d'un caisson d'ossature d'un élément de couverture selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'un caisson d'ossature d'un élément de couverture selon un troisième mode de réalisation,
  • les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues partielles en perspective avec écorché du caisson d'ossature de cet élément de couverture,
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'un élément de couverture selon un quatrième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 7 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une extrémité de cet élément de couverture.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings, among which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cover element according to a first embodiment,
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective and cross-sectional view with cutaway of a frame box of a cover element according to a second embodiment,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a frame box of a covering element according to FIG. a third embodiment,
  • Figures 4 and 5 are partial views in perspective with cutaway frame box of this cover element,
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a cover element according to a fourth embodiment,
  • Figure 7 is a partial perspective view of an end of this cover element.

L'élément de paroi qui va maintenant être décrit est destiné à être fixé à une charpente pour former un élément de couverture. Cet élément de paroi peut également être utilisé en association avec une structure support pour former un bardage.The wall element which will now be described is intended to be fixed to a frame to form a covering element. This wall element can also be used in combination with a support structure to form a cladding.

En référence aux figures, l'élément de couverture conforme à l'invention comprend un caisson d'ossature généralement désigné en 1 et une couche isolante 2 s'étendant à l'intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1.With reference to the figures, the covering element according to the invention comprises a frame box generally designated 1 and an insulating layer 2 extending inside the frame box 1.

Le caisson d'ossature 1 comprend deux plaques 3, 4 qui s'étendent de part et d'autre de la couche isolante 2 et sont réunies par des parois latérales 5, 6.The frame box 1 comprises two plates 3, 4 which extend on either side of the insulating layer 2 and are joined by side walls 5, 6.

Les extrémités 1' du caisson sont obturées par des cloisons transversales internes 14 qui isolent l'intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1 et la couche isolante 2 de l'extérieur et en particulier du feu en cas d'incendie ou de l'eau. Les cloisons transversales internes 14 renforcent aussi mécaniquement le caisson d'ossature 1.The ends 1 'of the box are closed by internal transverse partitions 14 which isolate the interior of the frame box 1 and the insulating layer 2 from the outside and in particular the fire in case of fire or water. The internal transverse partitions 14 also mechanically reinforce the frame box 1.

Le caisson d'ossature 1 est réalisé dans un matériau comportant une matrice de ciment dans laquelle sont dispersées des fibres métalliques, des fibres synthétiques ou des fibres organiques. Ce matériau est réalisé à partir de granulats ayant une granulométrie faible, de préférence inférieure à 0,3 mm, et d'eau. D'une manière connue en soi, il est possible d'ajouter des adjuvants pour obtenir une plasticité déterminée avec le minimum d'eau de gâchage. La composition du matériau est déterminée pour que le matériau ait une bonne résistance au cycle de gel-dégel (pas de détérioration de ses propriétés après 300 cycles), une porosité capillaire faible avantageusement inférieure à 10 µm (ou inférieure à 1 %), une porosité totale faible avantageusement comprise entre 2 % et 6 % et un retrait après cure inférieur à 10-5. La combinaison de ces caractéristiques confère au matériau une durée de vie supérieure à celle des bétons conventionnels et une imperméabilité intrinsèque en l'absence de fissures.The frame box 1 is made of a material comprising a cement matrix in which are dispersed metal fibers, synthetic fibers or organic fibers. This material is made from granules having a small particle size, preferably less than 0.3 mm, and water. In a manner known per se, it is possible to add additives to obtain a determined plasticity with the minimum of mixing water. The composition of the material is determined so that the material has good resistance to the freeze-thaw cycle (no deterioration of its properties after 300 cycles), a low capillary porosity advantageously less than 10 μm (or less than 1%), a overall porosity low advantageously between 2% and 6% and a shrinkage after treatment less than 10 -5 . The combination of these characteristics gives the material a longer service life than conventional concretes and an intrinsic impermeability in the absence of cracks.

Le béton constituant le caisson d'ossature, et plus particulièrement au niveau de la plaque destinée à être orientée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment, peut comprendre des fibres plastiques de manière que, en cas d'augmentation de la température, la fusion des fibres plastiques permette une libération au moins partielle des contraintes internes.The concrete constituting the frame box, and more particularly at the level of the plate intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building, may comprise plastic fibers so that, in the event of an increase in temperature, the fusion of the fibers plastics allows at least partial release of internal stresses.

La surface externe des plaques 3, 4 et plus particulièrement celle qui est destinée à être orientée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment peut être recouverte en tout ou partie d'une couche de peinture intumescente.The outer surface of the plates 3, 4 and more particularly that which is intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building may be covered in whole or part of a layer of intumescent paint.

La surface interne des plaques 3, 4 et plus particulièrement celle de la plaque 4 destinée à se trouver à l'intérieur du bâtiment est de préférence recouverte en tout ou partie d'une couche de plâtre notamment, en cas d'incendie, pour ralentir la diffusion de la chaleur vers l'intérieur du caisson.The inner surface of the plates 3, 4 and more particularly that of the plate 4 intended to be inside the building is preferably covered wholly or partly with a layer of plaster, in particular in case of fire, to slow down the diffusion of heat towards the interior of the box.

La couche isolante 2 est réalisée de préférence en un béton isolant léger qui est avantageusement composé d'une matrice de ciment dans laquelle sont dispersées des billes de polystyrène. Lors de la fabrication de ce béton, il est possible d'ajouter au ciment, aux billes de polystyrène et à l'eau de gâchage, notamment de la chaux hydraulique, un adjuvant de type protéinique animal et/ou une charge calcaire.The insulating layer 2 is preferably made of a light insulating concrete which is advantageously composed of a cement matrix in which polystyrene beads are dispersed. During the manufacture of this concrete, it is possible to add cement, polystyrene beads and mixing water, especially lime. hydraulic, an adjuvant of animal protein type and / or a calcareous load.

En variante, lorsque le comportement de la couche isolante au feu n'est pas déterminant, la couche isolante 2 peut être réalisée à partir de blocs de mousse de polystyrène ou de mousse de polyuréthanne ou bien encore à partir de toute autre matière isolante de faible densité.Alternatively, when the behavior of the insulating layer against fire is not critical, the insulating layer 2 can be made from blocks of polystyrene foam or polyurethane foam or even from any other insulating material of low density.

Les éléments identiques ou analogues à ceux précédemment décrits porteront des références numériques identiques dans la description détaillée qui suit des différents modes de réalisation.Elements identical or analogous to those previously described will have identical reference numerals in the detailed description which follows of the different embodiments.

Dans la suite de la description, on considérera que la plaque référencée 4 est celle qui est destinée à se trouver du côté intérieur du bâtiment.In the remainder of the description, it will be considered that the plate referenced 4 is that which is intended to be on the inside of the building.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1 correspondant à la forme la plus simple de l'élément de couverture conforme à l'invention, les plaques 3, 4 ont des surfaces internes lisses.In the embodiment of Figure 1 corresponding to the simplest form of the cover member according to the invention, the plates 3, 4 have smooth internal surfaces.

Dans le deuxième mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 2, des nervures longitudinales 7 et des nervures transversales 8 s'étendent sur les surfaces internes des plaques 3, 4. Ces nervures exercent une fonction de raidissement du caisson d'ossature 1.In the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend on the internal surfaces of the plates 3, 4. These ribs exert a stiffening function of the frame box 1.

Le caisson d'ossature 1 comprend une partie longitudinale précontrainte s'étendant dans la partie des parois latérales 5, 6 adjacente à la plaque 4, c'est-à-dire dans la partie de celles-ci s'étendant le plus souvent sous la ligne de contrainte nulle. La précontrainte est assurée au moyen de câbles adhérents 9 noyés dans le béton pour exercer un effort de compression sur cette partie de chaque paroi latérale 5, 6.The frame box 1 comprises a prestressed longitudinal portion extending in the part of the side walls 5, 6 adjacent to the plate 4, that is to say in the part thereof which most often extends under the line of null stress. The prestress is ensured by means of adhering cables 9 embedded in the concrete to exert a compression force on this part of each side wall 5, 6.

La couche isolante 2, non représentée ici, présente des rainures qui reçoivent les nervures longitudinales et transversales 7, 8.The insulating layer 2, not shown here, has grooves which receive the longitudinal and transverse ribs 7, 8.

Dans le troisième mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 3, 4 (dans cette dernière, la plaque 3 n'est pas représentée) et 5, des nervures longitudinales 7 et des nervures transversales 8 s'étendent sur la surface interne de la plaque 3 et la surface interne de la plaque 4 est lisse.In the third embodiment shown in FIGS. 3, 4 (in which the plate 3 is not shown) and 5, longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend on the internal surface of the plate 3 and the inner surface of the plate 4 is smooth.

Par ailleurs, deux cloisons longitudinales internes 10, 11 s'étendent dans le caisson d'ossature 1 entre les plaques 3 et 4 parallèlement aux parois latérales 5, 6.In addition, two internal longitudinal partitions 10, 11 extend in the frame box 1 between the plates 3 and 4 parallel to the side walls 5, 6.

Des éléments de précontrainte 9 s'étendent ici longitudinalement dans les parties des parois latérales 5, 6 et des cloisons internes 10, 11 adjacentes à la plaque 4.Prestressing elements 9 here extend longitudinally in the portions of the side walls 5, 6 and internal partitions 10, 11 adjacent to the plate 4.

On remarque que les extrémités 1' du caisson 1 comprennent plusieurs parois transversales internes 14 parallèles les unes aux autres obturant les extrémités 1'. Ceci permet, lors d'une découpe de l'élément de couverture pour diminuer sa longueur, de conserver au moins une cloison transversale 14 après découpe pour protéger et isoler l'intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1 et la couche isolante 2 de l'extérieur et par exemple des flammes en cas d'incendie ou de l'eau. Les parois transversales internes contribuent également au renforcement mécanique du caisson d'ossature 1.Note that the ends 1 'of the box 1 comprise several internal transverse walls 14 parallel to each other closing the ends 1'. This allows, during a cutting of the cover element to reduce its length, to retain at least one transverse partition 14 after cutting to protect and isolate the interior of the frame box 1 and the insulating layer 2 of the outside and for example flames in case of fire or water. The internal transverse walls also contribute to the mechanical reinforcement of the frame box 1.

Dans le quatrième mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 6 et 7, le caisson d'ossature est cloisonné intérieurement par des cloisons 10, 11, 12, 13 s'étendant longitudinalement entre les plaques 3 et 4 parallèlement aux parois latérales 5, 6.In the fourth embodiment shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the frame box is partitioned internally by partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 extending longitudinally between the plates 3 and 4 parallel to the side walls 5, 6.

Des éléments de précontrainte 9 s'étendent dans les parties des parois latérales 5, 6 et des cloisons internes 10, 11, 12, 13 adjacentes à la plaque 4.Prestressing elements 9 extend in the portions of the side walls 5, 6 and internal partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 adjacent to the plate 4.

On remarquera en particulier en liaison avec les figures 4, 5 et 6, que les parois latérales 5, 6 et les cloisons internes 10, 11, 12, 13 ont une épaisseur plus importante au niveau des extrémités 1' du caisson d'ossature 1. Ceci permet d'effectuer des coupes d'ajustement ou des perçages pour la fixation des éléments de paroi les uns aux autres sans affaiblir le caisson d'ossature 1. On améliore également ainsi la reprise des efforts.It will be noted in particular with reference to FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 that the side walls 5, 6 and the internal partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 have a greater thickness at the ends 1 'of the frame box 1. This makes it possible to perform adjustment cuts or holes for fixing the wall elements to each other. other without weakening the frame box 1. It also improves the recovery efforts.

D'une manière générale, l'élément de paroi peut être facilement usiné (par exemple découpé) pour faire passer notamment verticalement des gaines ou des conduits ou permettre des ajustements à d'autres éléments.In general, the wall element can be easily machined (eg cut) to pass in particular vertical ducts or ducts or allow adjustments to other elements.

La fabrication de l'élément de paroi conforme à l'invention débute par la réalisation de la couche isolante 2 par coulage du béton léger dans un coffrage dont les dimensions correspondent à celles de l'espace intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1.The manufacture of the wall element according to the invention starts with the production of the insulating layer 2 by pouring light concrete into a form whose dimensions correspond to those of the interior space of the frame box 1.

Lorsque le caisson d'ossature 1 est destiné à comporter des nervures internes, des rainures correspondantes sont usinées dans la couche isolante 2 après durcissement de celle-ci. Pour la réalisation des éléments de paroi à cloisons internes, des saignées sont usinées dans la couche isolante 2.When the frame box 1 is intended to include internal ribs, corresponding grooves are machined in the insulating layer 2 after curing thereof. For the production of wall elements with internal partitions, grooves are machined in the insulating layer 2.

Du béton est ensuite coulé dans le fond d'un coffrage dont les dimensions intérieures correspondent aux dimensions extérieures du caisson d'ossature 1 pour former la plaque 4.Concrete is then poured into the bottom of a formwork whose internal dimensions correspond to the external dimensions of the frame box 1 to form the plate 4.

Immédiatement après cette coulée, la couche isolante 2 est déposée sur la plaque 4 puis l'ensemble est recouvert de béton pour former les parois latérales 5, 6 et la plaque 3. Lorsque la couche isolante 2 comporte des rainures, il est nécessaire que le béton pénètre dans ces rainures pour que celles-ci forment une empreinte de moulage des nervures. Il en est de même lorsque la couche isolante comporte des saignées.Immediately after this casting, the insulating layer 2 is deposited on the plate 4 and the assembly is covered with concrete to form the side walls 5, 6 and the plate 3. When the insulating layer 2 has grooves, it is necessary that the concrete penetrates these grooves so that they form a mold cavity of the ribs. It is the same when the insulating layer has grooves.

Le béton isolant léger utilisé pour la couche isolante est considéré comme incombustible ou non inflammable et ses propriétés d'isolation thermique ralentissent la diffusion de la chaleur limitant ainsi l'augmentation de température au niveau de la plaque supérieure et également des parois latérales et des cloisons internes. Avec ce type d'éléments de paroi, il est possible d'avoir une stabilité au feu de l'ordre de 60 minutes au minimum. Le comportement au feu d'un tel élément de couverture est donc particulièrement intéressant.The lightweight insulating concrete used for the layer insulation is considered non-combustible or non-flammable and its thermal insulation properties slow down the diffusion of heat thus limiting the temperature increase at the top plate and also the side walls and internal partitions. With this type of wall elements, it is possible to have a fire stability of the order of 60 minutes minimum. The fire behavior of such a roofing element is therefore particularly interesting.

Ce mode de réalisation permet d'avoir une bonne adhérence entre le béton formant le caisson d'ossature et celui formant la couche isolante. En cas de fissuration de l'élément de paroi, cette adhérence tend à maintenir les parties fissurées avec le reste de l'élément de paroi.This embodiment makes it possible to have good adhesion between the concrete forming the frame box and that forming the insulating layer. In case of cracking of the wall element, this adhesion tends to maintain the cracked parts with the rest of the wall element.

Par ailleurs, avec une structure nervurée ou cloisonnée, la détérioration de la plaque 4 n'entraîne sensiblement pas l'apparition d'instabilité de forme au niveau du reste de l'élément de paroi.Furthermore, with a ribbed or partitioned structure, the deterioration of the plate 4 does not substantially cause the appearance of instability of shape at the rest of the wall element.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et on peut y apporter des variantes de réalisation sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment described and variants may be provided without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

En particulier, d'autres modes de fabrication de l'élément de paroi sont envisageables.In particular, other methods of manufacturing the wall element are conceivable.

Par ailleurs, la configuration des nervures internes et/ou des cloisons internes du caisson d'ossature et l'agencement et/ou le nombre des éléments de précontrainte peuvent être modifiés notamment en fonction des efforts que devra supporter l'élément de paroi et de la direction d'application de ceux-ci, des propriétés mécaniques de la couche isolante et des propriétés mécaniques des bétons utilisés sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Furthermore, the configuration of the internal ribs and / or internal partitions of the frame box and the arrangement and / or the number of the prestressing elements can be modified in particular according to the forces that will have to support the wall element and the application direction of these, the mechanical properties of the insulating layer and the mechanical properties of the concretes used without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

Claims (11)

  1. A roofing element comprising a structural box (1) of concrete and an insulating layer (2) extending inside the structural box (1), the structural box (1) comprising two plates (3, 4) extending over opposite faces of the insulating layer (2) and united by side walls (5, 6), and respective prestressed longitudinal portions extending in the side walls (5, 6), the element being characterized in that said prestressed longitudinal portions extend only beneath the zero-stress line, prestress being provided by means of adhesion-bonded cables (9), and in that the structural box (1) is made of a material comprising a cement matrix having metal fibers, synthetic fibers, or organic fibers dispersed therein, said material being made from granulates having small grain size, preferably less than 0.3 mm, and from water, the composition of the material being determined so that the material presents good resistance to freeze-thaw cycling, sufficient to present no deterioration in its properties after 300 cycles, little capillary porosity, advantageously less than 10 µm or less than 1%, total porosity that is small and advantageously lies in the range 2% to 6%, and shrinkage on curing of less than 10-5.
  2. A roofing element according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the plates (3, 4) has an inside surface that is ribbed.
  3. A roofing element, according to claim 1, characterized in that the structural box (1) is internally partitioned.
  4. A roofing element according to claim 3, characterized in that the side walls (5, 6) and the internal partitions (10, 11) present thickness that is greater at the ends (1') of the structural box (1).
  5. A roofing element according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) is made of lightweight concrete.
  6. A roofing element according to claim 5, characterized in that the lightweight concrete is arranged to obtain an insulating layer presenting density of the order of 200 kg/m3 to 400 kg/m3, and 28-day compression strength of about 1 megapascal (MPa) to 2 MPa.
  7. A roofing element according to claim 6, characterized in that the lightweight concrete of the insulating layer (2) comprises a cement matrix containing polystyrene beads.
  8. A roofing element acorn to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) is made of an insulating material such as polystyrene and polyurethane.
  9. A roofing element according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the box (1) has ends (1') each closed by at least two internal transverse partitions (14).
  10. A roofing element according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete constituting the structural box includes plastics fibers so that in the event of an increase in temperature, melting of the plastics fibers enables at least some of the internal stresses to be released.
  11. A roofing element according to claim 10, characterized in that the plastics fibers extend more particularly in the plate that is to face towards the inside of the building.
EP01402904A 2000-11-17 2001-11-13 Wall element Expired - Lifetime EP1207241B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0014852 2000-11-17
FR0014852A FR2816972B1 (en) 2000-11-17 2000-11-17 WALL ELEMENT

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EP1207241A1 EP1207241A1 (en) 2002-05-22
EP1207241B1 true EP1207241B1 (en) 2007-03-07

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EP01402904A Expired - Lifetime EP1207241B1 (en) 2000-11-17 2001-11-13 Wall element

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EP (1) EP1207241B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE356260T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60127075T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2282217T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2816972B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202018105997U1 (en) * 2018-10-19 2020-01-21 Rehau Ag + Co Lightweight wall module

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4232494A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-11 Tamil D. Bauch Composite construction panel
DE4112785A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-22 Hubert Hasenfratz Combination plate with two outer layers of fibre-reinforced light concrete - has intermediate insulating layer comprising at least one mineral fibre plate with steel reinforcements running parallel to its long sides
WO1997019031A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Alpha Brevet S.A. Insulation material for sound and/or heat insulation

Family Cites Families (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2166574A5 (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-08-17 Zucco Noel
FI792073A (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-01-18 Ametex Ltd FREQUENCY REQUIREMENT FOR FRAMING PROTECTION BY BYGGNADSMODULER
CN1108424C (en) * 1998-04-07 2003-05-14 尤尼柯尔建筑系统有限公司 Pre-cast concrete walling system

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4232494A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-11 Tamil D. Bauch Composite construction panel
DE4112785A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-22 Hubert Hasenfratz Combination plate with two outer layers of fibre-reinforced light concrete - has intermediate insulating layer comprising at least one mineral fibre plate with steel reinforcements running parallel to its long sides
WO1997019031A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Alpha Brevet S.A. Insulation material for sound and/or heat insulation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
EIBL J.: "Beton-Kalender, 1997: Teil I", 1997, ERNST & SOHN, BERLIN *

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DE60127075T2 (en) 2007-11-15
DE60127075D1 (en) 2007-04-19
EP1207241A1 (en) 2002-05-22
ATE356260T1 (en) 2007-03-15
FR2816972A1 (en) 2002-05-24
FR2816972B1 (en) 2003-07-25
ES2282217T3 (en) 2007-10-16

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