EP1207241A1 - Wall element - Google Patents

Wall element Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1207241A1
EP1207241A1 EP01402904A EP01402904A EP1207241A1 EP 1207241 A1 EP1207241 A1 EP 1207241A1 EP 01402904 A EP01402904 A EP 01402904A EP 01402904 A EP01402904 A EP 01402904A EP 1207241 A1 EP1207241 A1 EP 1207241A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
element according
cover element
insulating layer
box
concrete
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP01402904A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1207241B1 (en
Inventor
Yves Brugeaud
Ramez Kamel
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Brugeaud Yves
Conseil Services Investissements
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Les Composants Precontraints
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Publication of EP1207241A1 publication Critical patent/EP1207241A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/02—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials
    • E04C2/26—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups
    • E04C2/284—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating
    • E04C2/288—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E04C2/2885—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by specified materials composed of materials covered by two or more of groups E04C2/04, E04C2/08, E04C2/10 or of materials covered by one of these groups with a material not specified in one of the groups at least one of the materials being insulating composed of insulating material and concrete, stone or stone-like material with the insulating material being completely surrounded by, or embedded in, a stone-like material, e.g. the insulating material being discontinuous

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an element of wall and more particularly a covering element usable in particular in the roofs of buildings not residential buildings such as industrial buildings or collective buildings.
  • the roof of such buildings includes usually a metal, concrete or wooden frame, on which cover elements are fixed.
  • cover elements formed of ribbed metal plates fixed on purlins extending between beams of the frame. These plates are covered with insulation and layers bituminous waterproofing.
  • cover elements require a complex frame and implement multiple components which are assembled on the site. The realization of such roofs is therefore relatively long and expensive and also proves to be dangerous considering the number of operations it is necessary to perform in height.
  • the layers bituminous require maintenance and relatively frequent maintenance and have a duration of life that does not exceed fifteen years. Through elsewhere, given their composition, the layers bituminous tends to facilitate the spread of fires.
  • the roofs of this type are usually covered with a layer of several centimeters of gravel limiting the flame spread to the top of the roof.
  • this complicates the realization of the roof and weighs it down significantly.
  • cover elements of cover made of corrugated metal sheets framing an insulating layer.
  • cover elements are relatively long, so that it is possible to mount these directly between the structural beams without resorting to breakdowns.
  • these cover elements generally have significant thicknesses, of the order of two meters for longer spans. The use of such cover elements therefore leads to either notable increase in the external height of the building, a significant decrease in height interior of it.
  • a cover element comprising a frame box in concrete having at least one longitudinal part prestressed, and an insulating layer extending in the frame box.
  • the cover element can be used for large spans, around 12 to 20 meters, while having a relatively thick weak, of the order of 40 centimeters.
  • the mass of such elements is also relatively small.
  • the elements hedges thus constituted also have a duration of significant life equivalent to that of the structure in concrete of the building they equip. Otherwise, the cover element can easily be machined to allow its adjustment to a support structure such that a frame and / or roofing elements surrounding.
  • the frame box includes two plates that extend on either side of the insulating layer and are joined by side walls, the plates having surfaces internal ribs and / or the frame box being internally partitioned.
  • This structure has mechanical strength particularly important.
  • the concrete of the framework box has a cement matrix and reinforcing fillers such as metallic fibers, fibers synthetic or organic fibers.
  • the insulating layer is made of concrete light advantageously comprising a matrix of cement and polystyrene beads.
  • an insulating layer having a density of the order of 200 to 400 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength at 28 days of the order of 1 to 2 megapascals.
  • the insulating layer is easily machinable, which facilitates the manufacture of the wall element, in particular when the framework box is internally ribbed and the insulating layer is used as an insert in the formwork in which the concrete forming the box is poured.
  • this type of material is substantially non-combustible or non-flammable.
  • the wall element which will now be described is intended to be fixed to a frame to form a cover element.
  • This wall element can also be used in combination with a structure support to form cladding.
  • the cover element comprises a framework box generally designated as 1 and an insulating layer 2 extending inside the frame box 1.
  • the frame box 1 comprises two plates 3, 4 which extend on either side of the insulating layer 2 and are joined by side walls 5, 6.
  • the ends 1 ′ of the box are closed by internal transverse partitions 14 which insulate the interior of the framework box 1 and the insulating layer 2 from outside and in particular fire in case fire or water.
  • the transverse partitions internal 14 also mechanically reinforce the box frame 1.
  • the frame box 1 is made of a material comprising a cement matrix in which are dispersed metallic fibers, synthetic fibers or organic fibers.
  • This material is made from aggregates having a small particle size, preferably less than 0.3 mm, and water.
  • the composition of the material is determined so that the material has good resistance to the freeze-thaw cycle (no deterioration of its properties after 300 cycles), a low capillary porosity advantageously less than 10 ⁇ m (or less than 1%) , a low total porosity advantageously between 2% and 6% and a shrinkage after curing less than 10 -5 .
  • the combination of these characteristics gives the material a longer service life than conventional concrete and intrinsic impermeability in the absence of cracks.
  • the concrete constituting the framework box and more particularly at the level of the plate intended for be oriented towards the interior of the building, can include plastic fibers so that in case temperature increase, fiber melting plastics allow at least partial release of internal constraints.
  • the external surface of plates 3, 4 and more particularly one that is intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building can be covered in any or part of a layer of intumescent paint.
  • the internal surface of plates 3, 4 and more particularly that of the plate 4 intended to be find inside the building is preferably covered in whole or in part with a layer of plaster in particular, in the event of a fire, to slow down the diffusion heat towards the inside of the case.
  • the insulating layer 2 is preferably made in a light insulating concrete which is advantageously composed of a cement matrix in which are dispersed polystyrene beads.
  • a light insulating concrete which is advantageously composed of a cement matrix in which are dispersed polystyrene beads.
  • the insulating layer 2 can be made from foam blocks of polystyrene or polyurethane foam or even from any other low insulating material density.
  • the plate referenced 4 is that which is intended for be on the inside of the building.
  • the plates 3, 4 have smooth internal surfaces.
  • longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend over the surfaces internal plates 3, 4. These ribs exert a frame stiffening function 1.
  • the frame box 1 includes a part longitudinal prestressing extending here in the part side walls 5, 6 adjacent to the plate 4, that is to say in the part of these extending the most often below the zero constraint line.
  • the prestressing is ensured by means of adhesive cables 9 embedded in concrete to exert a compressive force on this part of each side wall 5, 6.
  • the insulating layer 2 not shown here, has grooves that receive the ribs longitudinal and transverse 7, 8.
  • Prestressing elements 9 extend here longitudinally in the parts of the side walls 5, 6 and internal partitions 10, 11 adjacent to the plate 4.
  • the ends 1 'of the box 1 include several internal transverse walls 14 parallel to each other closing off the ends 1 '. This allows, when cutting the element of cover to decrease its length, keep at minus a transverse partition 14 after cutting for protect and insulate the interior of the frame box 1 and the insulating layer 2 from the outside and for example flames in case of fire or water.
  • the walls internal cross-sections also contribute to mechanical reinforcement of the framework box 1.
  • the framework box is partitioned internally by partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 extending longitudinally between plates 3 and 4 parallel at the side walls 5, 6.
  • Prestressing elements 9 extend in the parts of the side walls 5, 6 and of the partitions internal 10, 11, 12, 13 adjacent to the plate 4.
  • the wall element can be easily machined (e.g. cut) to make pass vertically through ducts or conduits or allow adjustments to other items.
  • the manufacture of the wall element in accordance with the invention begins with the production of the layer insulating 2 by pouring concrete into a formwork whose dimensions correspond to those of the interior space of the frame box 1.
  • grooves corresponding are machined in insulating layer 2 after hardening thereof.
  • grooves are machined in the insulating layer 2.
  • the layer insulator 2 is deposited on the plate 4 then the assembly is covered with concrete to form the side walls 5, 6 and plate 3.
  • the insulating layer 2 has grooves, it is necessary that the concrete enters these grooves so that they form a rib molding imprint. It is the same when the insulating layer has grooves.
  • the light insulating concrete used for the layer insulating material is considered non-combustible or not flammable and its thermal insulation properties slow the diffusion of heat thus limiting temperature increase at the plate top and also side walls and internal partitions.
  • this type of wall element it is possible to have a fire stability of the order of 60 minutes minimum. The fire behavior of such cover element is therefore particularly interesting.
  • This embodiment provides good adhesion between the concrete forming the framework box and the one forming the insulating layer. In case of cracking of the wall element, this adhesion tends to maintain the parts cracked with the rest of the element of wall.
  • the deterioration of the plate 4 does not noticeably the appearance of form instability at level of the rest of the wall element.
  • the configuration of the ribs internal and / or internal partitions of the box framework and arrangement and / or number of elements prestressing can be modified in particular by function of the efforts that the element of wall and the direction of application of these, mechanical properties of the insulating layer, mechanical properties of the concrete used ...

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
  • Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)

Abstract

The wall panel has a frame casing (1) of cement with at least one prestressed longitudinal section (5) and an insulating layer (2) extending through the frame. The frame casing can have two panels extending on each side of the insulating layer and connected by the sidewalls. One of the panels can have internal reinforcing ribs.

Description

La présente invention concerne un élément de paroi et plus particulièrement un élément de couverture utilisable notamment dans les toitures des bâtiments non résidentiels tels que des bâtiments industriels ou des bâtiments collectifs.The present invention relates to an element of wall and more particularly a covering element usable in particular in the roofs of buildings not residential buildings such as industrial buildings or collective buildings.

La toiture de tels bâtiments comprend généralement une charpente en métal, en béton ou en bois, sur laquelle sont fixés des éléments de couverture.The roof of such buildings includes usually a metal, concrete or wooden frame, on which cover elements are fixed.

Il est connu des éléments de couverture formés de plaques métalliques nervurées fixées sur des pannes s'étendant entre des poutres de la charpente. Ces plaques métalliques sont recouvertes d'un isolant et de couches bitumineuses d'étanchéité. De tels éléments de couverture nécessitent une charpente complexe et mettent en oeuvre de multiples composants dont l'assemblage est réalisé sur le site. La réalisation de telles toitures est donc relativement longue et coûteuse et s'avère également dangereuse compte tenu du nombre d'opérations qu'il est nécessaire de réaliser en hauteur. En outre, les couches bitumineuses nécessitent des opérations de maintenance et d'entretien relativement fréquentes et ont une durée de vie qui n'excède pas une quinzaine d'années. Par ailleurs, compte tenu de leur composition, les couches bitumineuses tendent à faciliter la propagation des incendies.It is known to cover elements formed of ribbed metal plates fixed on purlins extending between beams of the frame. These plates are covered with insulation and layers bituminous waterproofing. Such cover elements require a complex frame and implement multiple components which are assembled on the site. The realization of such roofs is therefore relatively long and expensive and also proves to be dangerous considering the number of operations it is necessary to perform in height. In addition, the layers bituminous require maintenance and relatively frequent maintenance and have a duration of life that does not exceed fifteen years. Through elsewhere, given their composition, the layers bituminous tends to facilitate the spread of fires.

Pour pallier cet inconvénient, les toitures de ce type sont généralement recouvertes d'une couche de plusieurs centimètres de gravillons limitant la propagation des flammes vers le haut de la toiture. Cependant, ceci complexifie la réalisation de la toiture et alourdit celle-ci de façon importante.To overcome this drawback, the roofs of this type are usually covered with a layer of several centimeters of gravel limiting the flame spread to the top of the roof. However, this complicates the realization of the roof and weighs it down significantly.

Il est également utilisé des éléments de couverture formés de tôles métalliques ondulées encadrant une couche isolante. De tels éléments de couverture sont réalisables en relativement grande longueur de sorte qu'il est possible de monter ceux-ci directement entre les poutres de la charpente sans recourir à des pannes. Toutefois, ces éléments de couverture ont généralement des épaisseurs importantes, de l'ordre de deux mètres pour les plus longues portées. L'utilisation de tels éléments de couverture entraíne donc soit une augmentation notable de la hauteur extérieure du bâtiment, soit une diminution notable de la hauteur intérieure de celui-ci.It is also used elements of cover made of corrugated metal sheets framing an insulating layer. Such cover elements are relatively long, so that it is possible to mount these directly between the structural beams without resorting to breakdowns. However, these cover elements generally have significant thicknesses, of the order of two meters for longer spans. The use of such cover elements therefore leads to either notable increase in the external height of the building, a significant decrease in height interior of it.

Il serait donc intéressant de disposer d'un élément de couverture remédiant aux inconvénients de l'art antérieur.It would therefore be interesting to have a cover element remedying the disadvantages of prior art.

A cet effet, on prévoit, selon l'invention, un élément de couverture comprenant un caisson d'ossature en béton ayant au moins une partie longitudinale précontrainte, et une couche isolante s'étendant dans le caisson d'ossature.To this end, provision is made, according to the invention, for a cover element comprising a frame box in concrete having at least one longitudinal part prestressed, and an insulating layer extending in the frame box.

Avec cette structure, l'élément de couverture peut être utilisé pour de grandes portées, de l'ordre de 12 à 20 mètres, tout en ayant une épaisseur relativement faible, de l'ordre de 40 centimètres. La masse de tels éléments est également relativement faible. Les éléments de couverture ainsi constitués ont en outre une durée de vie importante équivalente à celle de la structure en béton du bâtiment qu'ils équipent. Par ailleurs, l'élément de couverture peut facilement être usiné pour permettre son ajustement à une structure support telle qu'une charpente et/ou aux éléments de couverture environnant.With this structure, the cover element can be used for large spans, around 12 to 20 meters, while having a relatively thick weak, of the order of 40 centimeters. The mass of such elements is also relatively small. The elements hedges thus constituted also have a duration of significant life equivalent to that of the structure in concrete of the building they equip. Otherwise, the cover element can easily be machined to allow its adjustment to a support structure such that a frame and / or roofing elements surrounding.

Selon un mode de réalisation particulier, le caisson d'ossature comprend deux plaques qui s'étendent de part et d'autre de la couche isolante et sont réunies par des parois latérales, les plaques ayant des surfaces internes nervurées et/ou le caisson d'ossature étant cloisonné intérieurement. According to a particular embodiment, the frame box includes two plates that extend on either side of the insulating layer and are joined by side walls, the plates having surfaces internal ribs and / or the frame box being internally partitioned.

Cette structure présente une résistance mécanique particulièrement importante.This structure has mechanical strength particularly important.

Avantageusement, le béton du caisson d'ossature comporte une matrice de ciment et des charges de renfort telles que des fibres métalliques, des fibres synthétiques ou des fibres organiques.Advantageously, the concrete of the framework box has a cement matrix and reinforcing fillers such as metallic fibers, fibers synthetic or organic fibers.

De préférence, la couche isolante est en un béton léger comprenant avantageusement une matrice de ciment et des billes de polystyrène.Preferably, the insulating layer is made of concrete light advantageously comprising a matrix of cement and polystyrene beads.

Il est possible d'obtenir une couche isolante présentant une masse volumique de l'ordre de 200 à 400 kg/m3 et une résistance en compression à 28 jours de l'ordre de 1 à 2 mégapascals. La couche isolante est facilement usinable, ce qui facilite la fabrication de l'élément de paroi en particulier lorsque le caisson d'ossature est nervuré intérieurement et que la couche isolante est utilisée comme insert dans le coffrage dans lequel est coulé le béton formant le caisson. En outre, ce type de matériau est sensiblement incombustible ou non inflammable.It is possible to obtain an insulating layer having a density of the order of 200 to 400 kg / m 3 and a compressive strength at 28 days of the order of 1 to 2 megapascals. The insulating layer is easily machinable, which facilitates the manufacture of the wall element, in particular when the framework box is internally ribbed and the insulating layer is used as an insert in the formwork in which the concrete forming the box is poured. . In addition, this type of material is substantially non-combustible or non-flammable.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation particuliers non limitatifs de l'invention.Other features and benefits of the invention will emerge on reading the description which follows from particular embodiments not limiting of the invention.

Il sera fait référence aux dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en perspective d'un élément de couverture selon un premier mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 2 est une vue en perspective et en coupe transversale avec écorché d'un caisson d'ossature d'un élément de couverture selon un deuxième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'un caisson d'ossature d'un élément de couverture selon un troisième mode de réalisation,
  • les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues partielles en perspective avec écorché du caisson d'ossature de cet élément de couverture,
  • la figure 6 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'un élément de couverture selon un quatrième mode de réalisation,
  • la figure 7 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une extrémité de cet élément de couverture.
Reference will be made to the appended drawings, among which:
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cover element according to a first embodiment,
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view in cross section with cutaway of a frame box of a cover element according to a second embodiment,
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a framework box of a cover element according to a third embodiment,
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are partial perspective views with cutaway of the framework box of this cover element,
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of a cover element according to a fourth embodiment,
  • Figure 7 is a partial perspective view of one end of this cover element.

L'élément de paroi qui va maintenant être décrit est destiné à être fixé à une charpente pour former un élément de couverture. Cet élément de paroi peut également être utilisé en association avec une structure support pour former un bardage.The wall element which will now be described is intended to be fixed to a frame to form a cover element. This wall element can also be used in combination with a structure support to form cladding.

En référence aux figures, l'élément de couverture conforme à l'invention comprend un caisson d'ossature généralement désigné en 1 et une couche isolante 2 s'étendant à l'intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1.With reference to the figures, the cover element according to the invention comprises a framework box generally designated as 1 and an insulating layer 2 extending inside the frame box 1.

Le caisson d'ossature 1 comprend deux plaques 3, 4 qui s'étendent de part et d'autre de la couche isolante 2 et sont réunies par des parois latérales 5, 6.The frame box 1 comprises two plates 3, 4 which extend on either side of the insulating layer 2 and are joined by side walls 5, 6.

Les extrémités 1' du caisson sont obturées par des cloisons transversales internes 14 qui isolent l'intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1 et la couche isolante 2 de l'extérieur et en particulier du feu en cas d'incendie ou de l'eau. Les cloisons transversales internes 14 renforcent aussi mécaniquement le caisson d'ossature 1.The ends 1 ′ of the box are closed by internal transverse partitions 14 which insulate the interior of the framework box 1 and the insulating layer 2 from outside and in particular fire in case fire or water. The transverse partitions internal 14 also mechanically reinforce the box frame 1.

Le caisson d'ossature 1 est réalisé dans un matériau comportant une matrice de ciment dans laquelle sont dispersées des fibres métalliques, des fibres synthétiques ou des fibres organiques. Ce matériau est réalisé à partir de granulats ayant une granulométrie faible, de préférence inférieure à 0,3 mm, et d'eau. D'une manière connue en soi, il est possible d'ajouter des adjuvants pour obtenir une plasticité déterminée avec le minimum d'eau de gâchage. Avantageusement, la composition du matériau est déterminée pour que le matériau ait une bonne résistance au cycle de gel-dégel (pas de détérioration de ses propriétés après 300 cycles), une porosité capillaire faible avantageusement inférieure à 10 µm (ou inférieure à 1 %), une porosité totale faible avantageusement comprise entre 2 % et 6 % et un retrait après cure inférieur à 10-5. La combinaison de ces caractéristiques confère au matériau une durée de vie supérieure à celle des bétons conventionnels et une imperméabilité intrinsèque en l'absence de fissures.The frame box 1 is made of a material comprising a cement matrix in which are dispersed metallic fibers, synthetic fibers or organic fibers. This material is made from aggregates having a small particle size, preferably less than 0.3 mm, and water. In a manner known per se, it is possible to add adjuvants to obtain a given plasticity with the minimum of mixing water. Advantageously, the composition of the material is determined so that the material has good resistance to the freeze-thaw cycle (no deterioration of its properties after 300 cycles), a low capillary porosity advantageously less than 10 μm (or less than 1%) , a low total porosity advantageously between 2% and 6% and a shrinkage after curing less than 10 -5 . The combination of these characteristics gives the material a longer service life than conventional concrete and intrinsic impermeability in the absence of cracks.

Le béton constituant le caisson d'ossature, et plus particulièrement au niveau de la plaque destinée à être orientée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment, peut comprendre des fibres plastiques de manière que, en cas d'augmentation de la température, la fusion des fibres plastiques permette une libération au moins partielle des contraintes internes.The concrete constituting the framework box, and more particularly at the level of the plate intended for be oriented towards the interior of the building, can include plastic fibers so that in case temperature increase, fiber melting plastics allow at least partial release of internal constraints.

La surface externe des plaques 3, 4 et plus particulièrement celle qui est destinée à être orientée vers l'intérieur du bâtiment peut être recouverte en tout ou partie d'une couche de peinture intumescente.The external surface of plates 3, 4 and more particularly one that is intended to be oriented towards the interior of the building can be covered in any or part of a layer of intumescent paint.

La surface interne des plaques 3, 4 et plus particulièrement celle de la plaque 4 destinée à se trouver à l'intérieur du bâtiment est de préférence recouverte en tout ou partie d'une couche de plâtre notamment, en cas d'incendie, pour ralentir la diffusion de la chaleur vers l'intérieur du caisson.The internal surface of plates 3, 4 and more particularly that of the plate 4 intended to be find inside the building is preferably covered in whole or in part with a layer of plaster in particular, in the event of a fire, to slow down the diffusion heat towards the inside of the case.

La couche isolante 2 est réalisée de préférence en un béton isolant léger qui est avantageusement composé d'une matrice de ciment dans laquelle sont dispersées des billes de polystyrène. Lors de la fabrication de ce béton, il est possible d'ajouter au ciment, aux billes de polystyrène et à l'eau de gâchage, notamment de la chaux hydraulique, un adjuvant de type protéinique animal et/ou une charge calcaire.The insulating layer 2 is preferably made in a light insulating concrete which is advantageously composed of a cement matrix in which are dispersed polystyrene beads. When manufacturing this concrete, it is possible to add to cement, polystyrene and mixing water, especially lime hydraulic, an adjuvant of animal protein type and / or a calcareous charge.

En variante, lorsque le comportement de la couche isolante au feu n'est pas déterminant, la couche isolante 2 peut être réalisée à partir de blocs de mousse de polystyrène ou de mousse de polyuréthanne ou bien encore à partir de toute autre matière isolante de faible densité.Alternatively, when the behavior of the layer fire-insulating is not decisive, the insulating layer 2 can be made from foam blocks of polystyrene or polyurethane foam or even from any other low insulating material density.

Les éléments identiques ou analogues à ceux précédemment décrits porteront des références numériques identiques dans la description détaillée qui suit des différents modes de réalisation.Elements identical or analogous to those previously described will bear numerical references identical in the following detailed description of different embodiments.

Dans la suite de la description, on considérera que la plaque référencée 4 est celle qui est destinée à se trouver du côté intérieur du bâtiment.In the following description, we will consider that the plate referenced 4 is that which is intended for be on the inside of the building.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 1 correspondant à la forme la plus simple de l'élément de couverture conforme à l'invention, les plaques 3, 4 ont des surfaces internes lisses.In the embodiment of Figure 1 corresponding to the simplest form of the element of cover according to the invention, the plates 3, 4 have smooth internal surfaces.

Dans le deuxième mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 2, des nervures longitudinales 7 et des nervures transversales 8 s'étendent sur les surfaces internes des plaques 3, 4. Ces nervures exercent une fonction de raidissement du caisson d'ossature 1.In the second embodiment shown in Figure 2, longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend over the surfaces internal plates 3, 4. These ribs exert a frame stiffening function 1.

Le caisson d'ossature 1 comprend une partie longitudinale précontrainte s'étendant ici dans la partie des parois latérales 5, 6 adjacente à la plaque 4, c'est-à-dire dans la partie de celles-ci s'étendant le plus souvent sous la ligne de contrainte nulle. La précontrainte est assurée au moyen de câbles adhérents 9 noyés dans le béton pour exercer un effort de compression sur cette partie de chaque paroi latérale 5, 6.The frame box 1 includes a part longitudinal prestressing extending here in the part side walls 5, 6 adjacent to the plate 4, that is to say in the part of these extending the most often below the zero constraint line. The prestressing is ensured by means of adhesive cables 9 embedded in concrete to exert a compressive force on this part of each side wall 5, 6.

La couche isolante 2, non représentée ici, présente des rainures qui reçoivent les nervures longitudinales et transversales 7, 8. The insulating layer 2, not shown here, has grooves that receive the ribs longitudinal and transverse 7, 8.

Dans le troisième mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 3, 4 (dans cette dernière, la plaque 3 n'est pas représentée) et 5, des nervures longitudinales 7 et des nervures transversales 8 s'étendent sur la surface interne de la plaque 3 et la surface interne de la plaque 4 est lisse.In the third embodiment shown Figures 3, 4 (in the latter, the plate 3 is not shown) and 5, longitudinal ribs 7 and transverse ribs 8 extend over the surface internal of the plate 3 and the internal surface of the plate 4 is smooth.

Par ailleurs, deux cloisons longitudinales internes 10, 11 s'étendent dans le caisson d'ossature 1 entre les plaques 3 et 4 parallèlement aux parois latérales 5, 6.In addition, two longitudinal partitions internal 10, 11 extend into the framework box 1 between plates 3 and 4 parallel to the walls side 5, 6.

Des éléments de précontrainte 9 s'étendent ici longitudinalement dans les parties des parois latérales 5, 6 et des cloisons internes 10, 11 adjacentes à la plaque 4.Prestressing elements 9 extend here longitudinally in the parts of the side walls 5, 6 and internal partitions 10, 11 adjacent to the plate 4.

On remarque que les extrémités 1' du caisson 1 comprennent plusieurs parois transversales internes 14 parallèles les unes aux autres obturant les extrémités 1'. Ceci permet, lors d'une découpe de l'élément de couverture pour diminuer sa longueur, de conserver au moins une cloison transversale 14 après découpe pour protéger et isoler l'intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1 et la couche isolante 2 de l'extérieur et par exemple des flammes en cas d'incendie ou de l'eau. Les parois transversales internes contribuent également au renforcement mécanique du caisson d'ossature 1.Note that the ends 1 'of the box 1 include several internal transverse walls 14 parallel to each other closing off the ends 1 '. This allows, when cutting the element of cover to decrease its length, keep at minus a transverse partition 14 after cutting for protect and insulate the interior of the frame box 1 and the insulating layer 2 from the outside and for example flames in case of fire or water. The walls internal cross-sections also contribute to mechanical reinforcement of the framework box 1.

Dans le quatrième mode de réalisation représenté aux figures 6 et 7, le caisson d'ossature est cloisonné intérieurement par des cloisons 10, 11, 12, 13 s'étendant longitudinalement entre les plaques 3 et 4 parallèlement aux parois latérales 5, 6.In the fourth embodiment shown in Figures 6 and 7, the framework box is partitioned internally by partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 extending longitudinally between plates 3 and 4 parallel at the side walls 5, 6.

Des éléments de précontrainte 9 s'étendent dans les parties des parois latérales 5, 6 et des cloisons internes 10, 11, 12, 13 adjacentes à la plaque 4.Prestressing elements 9 extend in the parts of the side walls 5, 6 and of the partitions internal 10, 11, 12, 13 adjacent to the plate 4.

On remarquera en particulier en liaison avec les figures 4, 5 et 6, que les parois latérales 5, 6 et les cloisons internes 10, 11, 12, 13 ont une épaisseur plus importante au niveau des extrémités 1' du caisson d'ossature 1. Ceci permet d'effectuer des coupes d'ajustement ou des perçages pour la fixation des éléments de paroi les uns aux autres sans affaiblir le caisson d'ossature 1. On améliore également ainsi la reprise des efforts.It will be noted in particular in connection with the Figures 4, 5 and 6, that the side walls 5, 6 and the internal partitions 10, 11, 12, 13 are thicker important at the 1 'ends of the box of frame 1. This makes it possible to make cuts adjustment or holes for fixing the wall elements to each other without weakening the frame box 1. This also improves the resumption of efforts.

D'une manière générale, l'élément de paroi peut être facilement usiné (par exemple découpé) pour faire passer notamment verticalement des gaines ou des conduits ou permettre des ajustements à d'autres éléments.Generally, the wall element can be easily machined (e.g. cut) to make pass vertically through ducts or conduits or allow adjustments to other items.

La fabrication de l'élément de paroi conforme à l'invention débute par la réalisation de la couche isolante 2 par coulage du béton dans un coffrage dont les dimensions correspondent à celles de l'espace intérieur du caisson d'ossature 1.The manufacture of the wall element in accordance with the invention begins with the production of the layer insulating 2 by pouring concrete into a formwork whose dimensions correspond to those of the interior space of the frame box 1.

Lorsque le caisson d'ossature 1 est destiné à comporter des nervures internes, des rainures correspondantes sont usinées dans la couche isolante 2 après durcissement de celle-ci. Pour la réalisation des éléments de paroi à cloisons internes, des saignées sont usinées dans la couche isolante 2.When the frame box 1 is intended for have internal ribs, grooves corresponding are machined in insulating layer 2 after hardening thereof. For the realization of wall elements with internal partitions, grooves are machined in the insulating layer 2.

Du béton est ensuite coulé dans le fond d'un coffrage dont les dimensions intérieures correspondent aux dimensions extérieures du caisson d'ossature 1 pour former la plaque 4.Concrete is then poured into the bottom of a formwork whose internal dimensions correspond the external dimensions of the frame box 1 for form the plate 4.

Immédiatement après cette coulée, la couche isolante 2 est déposée sur la plaque 4 puis l'ensemble est recouvert de béton pour former les parois latérales 5, 6 et la plaque 3. Lorsque la couche isolante 2 comporte des rainures, il est nécessaire que le béton pénètre dans ces rainures pour que celles-ci forment une empreinte de moulage des nervures. Il en est de même lorsque la couche isolante comporte des saignées.Immediately after this pouring, the layer insulator 2 is deposited on the plate 4 then the assembly is covered with concrete to form the side walls 5, 6 and plate 3. When the insulating layer 2 has grooves, it is necessary that the concrete enters these grooves so that they form a rib molding imprint. It is the same when the insulating layer has grooves.

Le béton isolant léger utilisé pour la couche isolante est considéré comme incombustible ou non inflammable et ses propriétés d'isolation thermique ralentissent la diffusion de la chaleur limitant ainsi l'augmentation de température au niveau de la plaque supérieure et également des parois latérales et des cloisons internes. Avec ce type d'éléments de paroi, il est possible d'avoir une stabilité au feu de l'ordre de 60 minutes au minimum. Le comportement au feu d'un tel élément de couverture est donc particulièrement intéressant.The light insulating concrete used for the layer insulating material is considered non-combustible or not flammable and its thermal insulation properties slow the diffusion of heat thus limiting temperature increase at the plate top and also side walls and internal partitions. With this type of wall element, it is possible to have a fire stability of the order of 60 minutes minimum. The fire behavior of such cover element is therefore particularly interesting.

Ce mode de réalisation permet d'avoir une bonne adhérence entre le béton formant le caisson d'ossature et celui formant la couche isolante. En cas de fissuration de l'élément de paroi, cette adhérence tend à maintenir les parties fissurées avec le reste de l'élément de paroi.This embodiment provides good adhesion between the concrete forming the framework box and the one forming the insulating layer. In case of cracking of the wall element, this adhesion tends to maintain the parts cracked with the rest of the element of wall.

Par ailleurs, avec une structure nervurée ou cloisonnée, la détérioration de la plaque 4 n'entraíne sensiblement pas l'apparition d'instabilité de forme au niveau du reste de l'élément de paroi.In addition, with a ribbed structure or partitioned, the deterioration of the plate 4 does not noticeably the appearance of form instability at level of the rest of the wall element.

Bien entendu, l'invention n'est pas limitée au mode de réalisation décrit et on peut y apporter des variantes de réalisation sans sortir du cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.Of course, the invention is not limited to embodiment described and we can add variants without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.

En particulier, d'autres modes de fabrication de l'élément de paroi sont envisageables.In particular, other methods of manufacturing the wall element are conceivable.

Par ailleurs, la configuration des nervures internes et/ou des cloisons internes du caisson d'ossature et l'agencement et/ou le nombre des éléments de précontrainte peuvent être modifiés notamment en fonction des efforts que devra supporter l'élément de paroi et de la direction d'application de ceux-ci, des propriétés mécaniques de la couche isolante, des propriétés mécaniques des bétons utilisés...In addition, the configuration of the ribs internal and / or internal partitions of the box framework and arrangement and / or number of elements prestressing can be modified in particular by function of the efforts that the element of wall and the direction of application of these, mechanical properties of the insulating layer, mechanical properties of the concrete used ...

Claims (12)

Elément de couverture, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un caisson d'ossature (1) en béton ayant au moins une partie longitudinale précontrainte (5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13), et une couche isolante (2) s'étendant dans le caisson d'ossature.Covering element, characterized in that it comprises a concrete framework box (1) having at least one prestressed longitudinal part (5, 6, 10, 11, 12, 13), and an insulating layer (2) s extending into the frame box. Elément de couverture selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le caisson d'ossature (1) comprend deux plaques (3, 4) qui s'étendent de part et d'autre de la couche isolante (2) et sont réunies par des parois latérales (5, 6).Covering element according to claim 1, characterized in that the framework box (1) comprises two plates (3, 4) which extend on either side of the insulating layer (2) and are joined by side walls (5, 6). Elément de couverture selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une des plaques (3, 4) a des surfaces internes nervurées.Cover element according to claim 2, characterized in that at least one of the plates (3, 4) has internal ribbed surfaces. Elément de couverture selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le caisson d'ossature (1) est cloisonné intérieurement.Cover element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the framework box (1) is internally partitioned. Elément de couverture selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le béton du caisson d'ossature (1) comporte une matrice de ciment et des charges de renfort.Cover element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the concrete of the framework box (1) comprises a cement matrix and reinforcing fillers. Elément de couverture selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les charges de renfort sont des fibres métalliques.Cover element according to claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing fillers are metallic fibers. Elément de couverture selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les charges de renfort sont des fibres synthétiques.Cover element according to claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing fillers are synthetic fibers. Elément de couverture selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que les charges de renfort sont des fibres organiques.Cover element according to claim 5, characterized in that the reinforcing fillers are organic fibers. Elément de couverture selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche isolante (2) est en béton léger.Cover element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) is made of light concrete. Elément de couverture selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le béton de la couche isolante (2) comprend une matrice de ciment et des billes de polystyrène.Cover element according to claim 9, characterized in that the concrete of the insulating layer (2) comprises a cement matrix and polystyrene balls. Elément de couverture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche isolante (2) est en une matière isolante telle que le polystyrène et le polyuréthanne.Cover element according to any one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the insulating layer (2) is made of an insulating material such as polystyrene and polyurethane. Elément de couverture selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le caisson (1) a des extrémités (1') obturées par au moins une cloison transversale interne (14).Cover element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the box (1) has ends (1 ') closed by at least one internal transverse partition (14).
EP01402904A 2000-11-17 2001-11-13 Wall element Expired - Lifetime EP1207241B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0014852 2000-11-17
FR0014852A FR2816972B1 (en) 2000-11-17 2000-11-17 WALL ELEMENT

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EP1207241A1 true EP1207241A1 (en) 2002-05-22
EP1207241B1 EP1207241B1 (en) 2007-03-07

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EP (1) EP1207241B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE356260T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60127075T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2282217T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2816972B1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202018105997U1 (en) * 2018-10-19 2020-01-21 Rehau Ag + Co Lightweight wall module

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2166574A5 (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-08-17 Zucco Noel
WO1980000232A1 (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-02-21 Ametex Ltd Method for manufacturing insulating construction elements
WO1999051829A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-14 Phillip Boot Holdings Pty. Ltd. Pre-cast concrete walling system

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4232494A (en) * 1979-04-27 1980-11-11 Tamil D. Bauch Composite construction panel
DE4112785A1 (en) * 1991-04-19 1992-10-22 Hubert Hasenfratz Combination plate with two outer layers of fibre-reinforced light concrete - has intermediate insulating layer comprising at least one mineral fibre plate with steel reinforcements running parallel to its long sides
WO1997019031A1 (en) * 1995-11-17 1997-05-29 Alpha Brevet S.A. Insulation material for sound and/or heat insulation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2166574A5 (en) * 1971-12-30 1973-08-17 Zucco Noel
WO1980000232A1 (en) * 1978-07-17 1980-02-21 Ametex Ltd Method for manufacturing insulating construction elements
WO1999051829A1 (en) * 1998-04-07 1999-10-14 Phillip Boot Holdings Pty. Ltd. Pre-cast concrete walling system

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DE60127075T2 (en) 2007-11-15
ATE356260T1 (en) 2007-03-15
EP1207241B1 (en) 2007-03-07
FR2816972B1 (en) 2003-07-25
FR2816972A1 (en) 2002-05-24
DE60127075D1 (en) 2007-04-19
ES2282217T3 (en) 2007-10-16

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