FR2503751A1 - Sports surface construction method - comprises drainage layer of crushed rock sandwiched between foundation and dressing - Google Patents

Abstract

The sports surface is formed by laying a foundation (21) having at least one sloping planar face which drains perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the surface. The foundation contains at least one channel of V-shape in cross-section housing drainage ducts (23,23') parallel to the longitudinal axis of the surface which discharge along one edge of the fondation. The foundation carries a uniform layer (26) of coarse crushed rock forming a drainage layer which is coated by a dressing (27) of finer crushed rock having a particle size of less than 4mm.

Description

The present invention relates to a method for producing a stabilized soil for the development of a playground or sports area.

The expansion of social and collective facilities made available to communities (sports clubs and associations, schools, etc.) has resulted in - development of land development techniques for the practice of sports, in particular football fields , stadiums, tracks etc ...

These developments have generally taken place in the direction of sophisticated techniques using means and materials with very high performance characteristics but of high cost price.

And this development has often neglected basic needs, particularly at the level of small and medium-sized municipalities, for which the use of techniques used for high-level sports equipment is not justified; on the other hand, many municipalities do not have any land devoted to sport, except as a football field, a barely landscaped meadow which becomes impassable in rain or frost.

The invention aims to make it possible to produce, under economic conditions, land comprising stabilized soil capable of being used for playing activities or multidisciplinary sports activities; the land being available all year round without being dependent on atmospheric conditions and allowing the evolution of users and obtaining good performance.

The method and the ground produced in accordance with this method, within the framework of the present invention, have a polyvalent vocation and can be implemented for the realization either of a ground with undifferentiated vocation and likely to be used successively for the practice various sports, also for the realization of specific fields such as football fields, tennis court etc ...

In the known prior techniques, a bottom of non-planar shape is produced, so as to guide the evacuation of the water along at least one slope. This bottom of shape comprises a plurality of drainage trenches collecting the water in the area that said trenches run through. and these trenches receive drains leading to one or more collectors for the evacuation of infiltration water; on this shaped bottom is arranged a plurality of strata constituting layers generally forming a basic draining layer resting on the shaped bottom, an intermediate layer and a surface screed.

In these prior techniques, the shape bottom, in the elongated zones separating two neighboring draining trenches
generally parallel, is made with a "teenager" that is to say a slight roof arch or slope so as to guide the surface water infiltration towards each of the trains which delimit the area or the teenager considered.

 It follows that the layers which are superimposed on the form bottom and in particular the primary layer resting directly on the form bottom, has a thickness which is not constant so as to restore a flat area between the two trenches. It is therefore necessary to make a layer of sufficient thickness so as to ensure good stability of the soil over the entire area or the teenager delimited by the two sections.

neighbors.

Indeed, in the absence of this thick layer, there is a risk of obtaining thickness differences from simple to triple between the thinnest zone (directly above the ridge or the top of the teenager) and the thicker (at the edge of the trench); of this difference in thickness is due to differences in the behavior of the underlay.

 I1 follows that the realization of a shaped bottom provided with a succession of teenagers between the evacuation trenches does not make it possible to obtain satisfactory conditions of realization, unless this disadvantage is offset by a significant thickness of the layer draining, called to compensate for the level differences between the center and the edge of the teenager; these conditions make it uneconomical to build such land.

The invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and makes it possible to produce, under economic conditions, a ground provided with stabilized ground for the practice of sports, of a limited cost price, while ensuring perfect performance conditions.

To this end, the invention relates to a method for producing a ground with stabilized soil for the practice of sports, of the type in which a bottom of non-horizontal shape is arranged and sloping outwards, drainages are dug in this shaped bottom and are provided with pipes for the evacuation of seepage water, the shaped bottom being covered with several laminated layers constituting the ground, and the method is characterized a) in that the bottom is arranged shaped according to at least one sloping plane of direction of flow perpendicular to the greatest length of the ground, the shaped bottom (traversed by the drains) forming at least a steep plane without teenagers between said drains b) said drains are formed of V-shaped cross-sections and of direction perpendicular to the flow slope of said plane c) the form bottom receives a layer of uniform thickness of an agglomerate of crushed rocks constituting the draining layer surmounted by a screed of surface coating of crushed rock and non-homogeneous particle size less than 4 mm.

The invention also relates to a piece of land produced according to this method and characterized in that it comprises a shaped bottom according to at least one sloping plane, each plane being crossed by a network of drainage grooves provided with a drain. and leading to a general collection network, the trenches being provided with a V-shaped cross section with an angle close to a straight line and the flat bottom, without teenagers between the trenches, is surmounted by a first draining layer produced from a crushed material of uniform thickness surmounted by a screed of a surface coating made up of crushed rocks of non-homogeneous particle size and less than 4 mm.

The invention overcomes the drawbacks which have been previously reported.

The V-shaped trenches make it possible to obtain faster evacuation of the infiltration water without risking local erosion at their edge constituting the salient angle delimiting the groove with respect to the plane formed by the form bottom; this avoids the risks of erosion and accumulation of the material constituting the bottom of the shape towards the bottom of the groove with the risks of obturation; but in addition the V-shaped groove, and the better evacuation it provides, make it possible to produce a bottom of generally flat shape and without teenagers between the two grooves; under these conditions, the thickness of the covering layer overlying the form bottom is uniform and the behavior characteristics of this layer are in principle regular and uniform over the entire surface of the ground; this avoids the risks and drawbacks that have been reported when, as a result of the presence of a teen between the grooves, the surface layers must be produced with differential thicknesses (to compensate for the presence of the teen).

According to another characteristic of the invention, the terrain has a shaped bottom consisting of two sloping planes opposed by a longitudinal median edge, and each plane is crossed by a network of V-shaped grooves, spaced by a distance between 3 at 6 m, the grooves ending at the transverse edges of the ground where they flow into the collection network.

According to another characteristic of the ground produced in accordance with the invention, the shaped bottom receives a draining layer with a thickness of between 10 and 15 cm, and this layer consists of crushed rocks with a particle size of between 3 and 3 mm.

According to another characteristic, the ground comprises a screed of surface coating with a thickness of between 6 to 8 cm and preferably a thickness of 7 cm (after compaction) and this layer of surface coating consists of crushed rocks of a non-homogeneous particle size from 0 to 2 mm, said screed comprising, on the surface half of its thickness, the introduction of
hydraulic filler such as plaster or lime dispersed in the trap of crushed rock in a proportion of 2 to 6% this hydraulic filler containing up to 4G% of a colored fillerizing material, such as crushed brick
According to another characteristic of the ground produced according to the invention, the form bottom receives before the placement of the draining layer, a geotextile sheet intended to ensure the physical separation of the draining layer from the shape bottom and to avoid contamination of the draining layer by the latter.

According to yet another characteristic, the site thus produced has at its periphery a border delimiting the periphery of the site with respect to the external peripheral zone.
And according to a particular embodiment, the core consists of an alignment of blocks of molded material, the buried base of which has a notch and the blocks are provided with openings or openings by which a lateral face communicates with the other lateral face, these notches and openings allowing the passage of infiltration water from one side of said block to the other side in order to facilitate the evacuation of water to the drainage network; For this purpose, the edge is associated with a parallel longitudinal groove and running perpendicular to one face of said border, this groove being filled with draining material such as a crushed rock and the base of this groove communicates with the evacuation network.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the site comprises at its periphery a handrail forming a demarcation barrier and this handrail consists of a succession of tubes mounted on uprights or posts whose base is buried, the connection between two tubes adjacent and an intermediate post being provided by a tubular connection known per se and in the shape of a T.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows and which is given in relation to a particular embodiment presented by way of nonlimiting example and with reference to the appended drawings.

Figure 1 shows a plan view of a tennis court.

Figure 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the tennis court of Figure 1.

FIG. 3 represents a plan view of a football field according to the invention.

FIG. 4 represents a cross-sectional view of the football field of FIG. 3.

Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view of part of the soccer field of Figure 4 and Figure 3, near a longitudinal edge of said field.

FIG. 6 represents an elevation view of a section of the handrail capable of being placed at the periphery of the football field of FIGS. 3, 4 and 5.

FIG. 7 represents a cross-sectional view of a track produced in accordance with the invention and situated at the periphery of a field or playground itself produced in accordance with the technique of the invention.

FIG. 8 represents a front elevation view of the curbs placed in the area delimiting the playing field and the track of FIG. 7 respectively.

According to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the tennis court 1 according to the invention is made from a bottom of form 2 itself comprising two sloping planes 3 and 4 respectively leaning back to back along the middle edge 5 .

The transverse slope of each of the planes 3 and 4 is limited to regulatory standards, for example 0.5 cm per meter following the arrows 6 and 6 '.

Optionally, the shaped bottom can be provided with a slight slope along the middle edge 5, sloping towards the collector 11 of the order of 0 to 1 cm per meter.

On the shaped bottom thus produced, longitudinal grooves are made which cut the planes 3 and 4 respectively in a direction orthogonal to the slope represented by the arrows 6, 6 '.

These slots, which can be seen in detail in the box in FIG. 2, are V-shaped with a neighboring angle or slightly less than a right angle.

These drainage grooves or trenches 7, 8, 9 and 10 lead to a collector 11 located at one end of the ground and capable of discharging the water by one or the other or both of its ends 12, 12 '.

In known manner each trench or V-shaped groove 7,8, 9 or 10 has at its bottom a drain 13 formed for example of a ringed and perforated tube.

We see that each of the sloping planes 3 and 4 respectively, together constituting the bottom of the
roof ", is itself rigorously flat and does not have any arch effect or any teens between two neighboring grooves.

Under these conditions, the surface covering can be provided uniform over the entire surface of the court with the exception of course of the zones which are directly above the trenches 7, 8, 9 or 10.

Under these conditions, the surface coating layers can be of equal thickness everywhere and this thickness can be provided less than in the prior techniques or the zones separating two drains being provided with teenagers, the difference in thickness from point to point. another from each zone required extra thicknesses so as to ensure the stability of the assembly and a minimum of homogeneity in the behavior of the aggregates under the constraints due to the conditions of use.

According to the invention, the coating superimposed on the form bottom comprises a first layer or draining layer and this layer consists of crushed rocks with a particle size between 3 and 8 mm, preferably 4 to 6 mm.

This draining layer 14 is provided with a thickness of between 10 and 15 cm.

The material chosen makes it possible to obtain great flexibility of use, the small crushed gravel and the angular shapes thus overlapping, ensuring sufficient stability for carrying out the work and for blocking the surface screed 15.

The gravel of small particle size constituting the draining layer 14 has indeed a lower density than the agglomerates of higher particle size they therefore have a greater vacuum and therefore a more powerful reserve power making it possible to absorb a large quantity of water by forming a buffer when the evacuation network can be blocked by heavy precipitation.

Conversely, they are also less clogged by the elements of the screed, the voids being of smaller dimension, which allows the draining layer 14 to act as a filter by avoiding the passage (and the risks of clogging which would result) of elements of small particle size coming from the yoke 15 towards the evacuation network.

The choice of materials thus used makes it possible, unlike previously known systems, to produce a unitary draining layer without having to resort to two superposed strata as is common practice in previously known techniques.

The coating is constituted by a surface screed 15 forming the stabilized soil and which itself is composed of a hard rock (and which will advantageously be chosen from rocks of red color) the rock being crushed to an inhomogeneous particle size and O at 2 mm, the dispersion being studied so as to obtain a set of the assembly and conditions of sufficient stability, however avoiding the addition of interstitial materials such as clay.

And one can incorporate on the surface, in the upper half of the thickness of the covering screed, a hydraulic filler consisting for example of plaster or lime; this binder being dispersed at a rate of 5% by weight percentage in the upper layer of the screed.

This avoids the use, usual in the prior art, of clay serving as an interstitial binder of the surface agglomerate; clay has the disadvantage of forming a particularly hard and even aggressive blocking layer during dry periods in fine weather, and on the contrary running the risk of being completely diluted and of forming a muddy zone in the event of bad weather.

The surface screed is advantageously produced at the rate of 150 liters per square meter, thus forming after crushing a screed with a thickness of the order of 7 cm.
The invention, by the arrangement of the drainage grooves running longitudinally and transversely to the direction of the slope, makes it possible to obtain a very rapid evacuation of the runoff water, it is indeed very quickly seen that the water flowing along the arrows 6 and 6 'towards the longitudinal edges of the ground, will very quickly meet a longitudinal bleed in which they will disperse and by which they will be evacuated.

Figures 3, 4 and 5 show another example of implementation of the invention applied to a football field having the same characteristics
The bottom of the land is arranged on a roof and therefore includes the two sloping planes 20 and 21 respectively, traversed by the network of drainage grooves with a V-shaped profile respectively 22, 22 ', 23, 23'.

These V-shaped cross-sections lead to a terminal manifold 24 located transversely at the end of the terrain.

As described above, on the roof-shaped bottom and which has two sloping planes backed by a median line 25, are successively disposed the draining layer 26 and the surface screed 27 which are provided with a composition and characteristics as described above .

It is also advantageously possible to provide, at the edge of the ground, a delimitation in the form of an alignment of border elements 28 (FIG. 5) 28 ′ (box shown in FIG. 2) and which properly delimits the ground itself with respect to the peripheral zone. outside.

The border makes it possible to obtain stability of the layers constituting the stabilized soil, in particular of the surface layer 27 by avoiding, in the border area, a passage, under the effect of trampling or runoff, of the materials from the surface screed towards the 'outside.

In addition, the presence of the border, rigorously delimits the surface of the landscaped land and ensures an advantageous aesthetic of the whole.

FIG. 6 shows another characteristic of the invention which is advantageously implemented in the production of a playground such as a soccer field; we put in place at the periphery of the ground a handrail forming a barrister and advantageously this handrail consists of an alignment of hollow tubes 30, 31, 32 mounted on support posts 33, 34 inserted and sealed in the ground, for example at the establishment of the edges 28 and the maintenance of the horizontal tubes 30, 31, 32 on their support pillar 33, 34 is obtained by using T-connectors of a type known per se; for example fittings 35 which surmount the pillar 33, receive in their lateral branches, the ends of the tubes 30 and 31; when the length of the tube requires additional support between its two ends, the support will then be used in the form of a connector 36 which is mounted by its core 37 on the pillar 34, while the horizontal transverse branches 38 of the connector 36 are crossed by the tube 32.

A device is thus obtained which is particularly quick to set up and which can be delivered on site from prefabricated elements therefore mounted easily without specialized labor.

Especially when on the (frequent) occasion of a deformation imprinted on a post 33 or 34 as a result of a shock, in the exercise of the game, it will be easy to straighten the pillar.

One can indeed for this purpose easily dismantle the fittings in the deformed area and straighten the pillar isolated from the handrail formed by the tubes 30, 31; we (quickly thus the disadvantage, by straightening a deformed pillar, to actually project the deformation on the neighboring parts which are carried in the opposite direction.

The invention is also applicable to the production of athletic tracks as seen in FIG. 7; the track designated by the reference 40 is shaped, as described above, from a flat and sloping bottom 41 on which the draining layer 42 and the surface screed or stabilized covering screed 43 are attached as described above and corresponding to layers 14 and 15 of FIG. 2, the draining layers and the covering screed having the thicknesses, characteristics and specifications indicated above.

The track can be delimited on one side (exterior side) by a succession of borders 44 corresponding to border 28 or 28 'described above.

And on the interior side, the delimitation between track 40 and the terrain, at the periphery of which the track is set up, is produced by a special edging which constitutes one of the points of the invention.

To this end, the edging is shown in detail according to the front elevation view in FIG. 8.

It consists of blocks of molded material, for example possibly reinforced concrete blocks and of general shape of an elongated parallelepiped.

The block 45 has at its base (buried) a notch 46 separating the two lateral feet 47, 47 'capable of being embedded in the concrete dice 48, 48'.

Advantageously, the parallelepiped that constitutes the block 45 forming an element of the edging, in alignment with the other elements, comprises a succession of openings or openings 49, 49 ', 50, 50'.

It can be seen that according to these characteristics the intermediate border 45 between the runway 40 and the central terrain does not constitute a border which would cause the accumulation on one side or the other of the waters in the event of significant precipitation.

Indeed, as can be clearly seen in FIG. 7, by the lower notch 46, the draining layer 42 of the track 40 is in communication with the draining block receiving the longitudinal collector 52, via the tapping located between the border and the land bordering on said runway 40.

This groove 51 therefore makes it possible to evacuate the water which would be accumulated in the draining layer 42 of the track, thereby avoiding stagnation of the water on the latter.

And as a result, the openings 49, 49 ′ allow the passage of runoff water from the surface of the runway 40 towards the said bleeding, the properties and the significant absorption capacity of which have been stressed.

This avoids seeing water accumulate on the track when the draining layer 42 is engorged in the event of significant precipitation.

Claims (9)

 1.- Process for the realization of a ground with stabilized ground  read with a view to practicing sport, of the type in which  a non-horizontal shaped bottom (20,21) is arranged and in  outward slope, drainage  (22.22 ', 23 and 23') are dug into this shaped bottom  (20,21) and are provided with evacuation pipes for  infiltration water, the form bottom being covered with several laminated layers and constituting the ground, and the process is  characterized  a) in that the form bottom (3,4,20,21) is arranged in accordance with  dwarfs a sloping plane (6,6 ') of direction of flow perpendicular to the greatest length of the ground,  the bottom of the form (traversed by the drainage  (7,8,9,10,22,22 ', 23,23') forming at least one steep plane without teenagers between the said drains.  grooves (7,8,9,10,22,22 ', 23,23') of V-shaped section and in a direction perpendicular to the slope (6,6 ') of flow of said plane and parallel to the largest width of the ground c) and in that the shaped bottom (3,4,20,21) receives a layer (14,26) of uniform thickness of an agglomerate of crushed rocks constituting the draining layer surmounted by a screed (15,27) surface coating of crushed rock and non-homogeneous particle size less than 4 mm.  b) in that said drains consist of 2. A method according to claim 1, further characterized in that the trenches 7,8,9,10, 22, 22 ', 23.23' are provided with a V-shaped section profile substantially close to a right angle. 3.- Land produced according to the method of claim 1, and, characterized in that it comprises a shaped bottom according to at least and preferably two planes (3 and 4, 20 and 21) in slope, each plane ( 3,4,20,21) being crossed by a network of flow drains provided (7,8,9, 10 or 22,22 ', 23,23') with a drain 13 and leading to a collection network general (11,12,12 '), the trenches being provided with a cross section in the form of V of angle close to a right and the bottom of flat form without teenagers between the trenches, is surmounted by a first draining layer (14 or 26) made from a crushed material of uniform thickness surmounted by a screed 15,27) of a surface coating made up of crushed rocks of non-homogeneous particle size and less than 4 mm. 4. Land according to claim 3, characterized in that it comprises a shaped bottom consisting of two sloping planes (3 and 4, 20 and 21) opposite by a median edge (5) longitudinal, and each plane is crossed by a network of V-shaped grooves (7,8,9,10 and 22,22 ', 23,23') spaced by a distance between 3 to 6 m, the grooves being arranged perpendicular to the direction (6,6 ') of the slope and parallel to said median edge (5) and transverse of the ground where they flow into the collection network (11,12, 12'). 5.- Land according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that the form bottom receives a draining layer (14 or 26) with a thickness between 10 and 15 cm and this layer consists of crushed rocks of particle size between 3 and 8 mm. 6.- Land according to one of claims 3, 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises a screed (15,27) of surface coating with a thickness between 6 to 8 cm and preferably with a thickness 7 cm (after compaction) and this surface coating layer consists of crushed rocks with a non-homogeneous particle size of 0 to 2 mm, said screed comprising, on the surface half of its thickness, the introduction of hydraulic filler such as plaster, or lime, dispersed in the mass of the crushed rock, in a proportion of 2 to 6% containing up to 40% of a colored fillerizing material such as crushed brick. 7.- Land according to one of claims 3 to 6 above, characterized in that the form bottom comprises under the draining layer (14 or 26) a geotextile sheet intended to ensure the physical separation of the draining layer (14 or 26) relative to the bottom of the form (3,4, 20 or 21) and to avoid contamination of the draining layer by the latter. 8.- A method for producing a ground with stabilized ground for the practice of sports according to claim 1 above, characterized in that one puts in place on at least one edge a border delimiting with respect to the peripheral zone, and for this purpose, there is a groove following the delimitation of the ground, this groove 61) comprising at its bottom a drain (52) communicating with the evacuation network and being filled with a draining material, such than a crushed rock, and a block alignment (45.45 ') of molded material is put in place, the buried base of which has a notch (46), the blocks being provided with lights or openings 09.49', 50, 50 ') for the communication of the infiltration water between the two sides of the block, thus allowing the evacuation of the water located on both sides of the edge towards said groove (51). 9.- Land produced according to the method of claim 8, and characterized in that it comprises a groove (51) running directly above the delimitation of the land with respect to the peripheral zone, this groove (51) comprising a drain 52 communicating with the drainage network and being filled with a draining material such as a crushed rock, the ground comprising an edge constituted by an alignment of blocks (45,45 ') of molded material whose buried base comprises a notch g6) and the blocks being provided with lights or openings for communication and passage of the infiltration waters located on both sides of said edge towards said groove.