FR2492059A1 - STOVE HAVING A MANUAL MANUAL REGISTER FOR CONTROLLING THE PASSAGE OF COMBUSTION GASES THROUGH A CATALYTIC CONVERTER - Google Patents

Abstract

STOVE INCLUDING A MANUAL OPERATION REGISTER TO CONTROL THE PASSAGE OF COMBUSTION GAS THROUGH A CATALYTIC CONVERTER. IN ONE POSITION, A REGISTER 52 OBLIGES THE GAS FROM CHAMBER 34 TO PASS THROUGH A CATALYTIC CONVERTER 42 WHICH IMPROVES POSTCOMBUSTION IN 36 BEFORE THE EXHAUST PIPE 50. A MANUAL CONTROL UNIT 58, 60, 66 CAN MOVE THE REGISTER 52 TO A SECOND POSITION IN WHICH THE COMBUSTION GAS AVOID CONVERTER 42 AND PASS DIRECTLY INTO PIPE 50. A SMALL HOLE 68 OF REGISTER 52 ALLOWS A REGULATED LEAK TO PIPE 50. YOU MUST MOVE REGISTER 52 TO ITS SECOND POSITION DOOR 26 OF THE STOVE.

Description

The present invention relates to wood stoves

  airtight type, although in a mode of operation

  of the apparatus of the invention, this stove may

  be used to burn coal.

  In recent years and mainly because of the energy crisis, wood stoves have become increasingly popular and are increasingly being accepted by the public. In stoves of this type, the

  final goal is to achieve combustion also com.-

  as much as possible of the combustion gases since a

  More efficient combustion allows to extend the heating time because it is possible to slow down the fire and still obtain the desired heat transfer for the maximum comfort. However, most stoves of this type that exist, that is to say, wood stoves

  airtight, have a combustion efficiency of

  killing between 50 and 60%, mainly because the ignition point of the flue gases is usually

  around 700 0C, while the temperatures

  in stoves of this type are usually between 2600 and 4800C. Thus, efficient combustion of these combustion gases has been difficult, if not impossible, to achieve, resulting in a lower combustion efficiency which in turn leads to the chimney

  or the flue an accumulation of creosote

  frequently sulting in chimney fires. Similarly,

  the reduced efficiency of combustion causes

by undesirable smoke.

  The concept of using a device or catalytic converter in stoves of this type in order to obtain a greatly increased combustion efficiency is

  described and is generally known in the prior art.

  More specifically, by causing the combustion gases to pass through a catalytic converter before reaching the exhaust pipe or the smoke duct of the stove, it reduces to a general range of about 2600 the ignition point of the flue gas which escape and result in an almost complete afterburner of these

  gas in the normal range of operating temperatures

  stoves of this type. This results in a combustion efficiency generally around 90% is, in other words, a yield about 35% higher than that obtained in traditional wood stoves

  airtight. This increase in yield means

  There will be little or no pollution of the atmosphere because smoke, which is a normal by-product of conventional wood-burning stoves, is virtually eliminated by leaving a harmless wet vapor in its place. In addition, as a result of the near perfect combustion that occurs, there is virtually no accumulation of creosote in the chimney, which greatly reduces the risk of a chimney fire and at the same time reduces the costs of burning. maintenance of said chimney. In addition, point efficiency can be achieved by using soft and undried wood, and the burning time can be increased.

  because it is possible to slow down the fire and maintain

  core almost perfect combustion while transmitting heat to the necessary temperatures for the maximum

of comfort.

  The present invention also aims at the use

  catalytic converters in wood stoves and, in particular, an advanced baffle system

  used in conjunction with these devices. More specifically

  It is desired that all of the combustion gases pass through the catalytic converter when the stove

  is in its normal mode of operation. How-

  However, since the catalytic converter is similar to a filter that opposes a certain degree of resistance or impediment to its passage through the combustion gases, it will be apparent that when the stove access door is open, the combustion gases and the smoke will follow the path of least resistance and will escape through the

  door thus opened to form volutes on the outside.

  the stove. To avoid this, the prior art has described a damper which, when the access door-stove is opened, automatically moves by gravity to a position leaving direct access to the exhaust pipe or flue of the stove , so that the flue gases and smoke will escape through this duct rather than going through the opencovered by the

  access door to enter the room.

  The present invention achieves the same objectives

  fundamentals with the help of a permanent register system

  fectionné. In particular, the register of the pre-

  The present invention is manually operated rather than gravity operated, eliminating the possibility for the damper to be inadvertently jammed or sticking in the closed position when the stove access door is open. In order to ensure that the damper moves to its proper position when the stove access door is open, it includes a handle device for manual manipulation of the damper.

  the outside of the stove. This device prevents material-

  the opening of the access door as long as it is not moved to a predetermined position regulating the damper to stop the flow of combustion gases through the converter and to open direct access to

  the flow of combustion gases to the exhaust.

  Thus, in one aspect of the present invention, the stove access door can not be opened as long as the register

  was not actually moved to its proper position

asked.

  In addition, when the stove is operating normally

  the door is closed and the combustion gases pass through the catalytic converter, it is possible that this catalytic converter clogs or gets clogged sometimes, mainly because of the burning in the stove inappropriate materials. If this happens

  produced, the flue gases and smoke do not find-

  the exit route and they would be forced back through the front opening of the stove even if the access door is in the closed position. This would of course cause an undesirable burst of smoke in the room where the stove is located. To avoid this, the damper of the present invention has been specifically designed to have a set leakage factor, ie a leakage set across the damper to the exhaust pipe is possible even if the damper closes the access opening to this pipe. Due to the presence in the stove of this device ensuring a controlled leak, if the catalytic converter clogs or clogs, the flue gas and smoke can still pass through the closed damper and reach the exhaust pipe rather than bursting into the room, escaping through the door of the stove. This is an important feature of

the present invention.

  In addition, the register system of the present invention allows the stove to operate when there is

  burns coal instead of wood. This was not possible

  in the stoves of the prior art.

  In addition, in another embodiment of the invention, the stove enclosure has an interior partition defining a combustion chamber and an afterburner chamber, which communicates with an exhaust pipe or flue. The partition is pierced with two openings allowing the flow of gas from the combustion chamber to the afterburner and a catalytic converter is associated with one of these openings so that all the gases passing from the combustion chamber to that of afterburner

  through this opening must pass through the catalytic converter

  lytic. The stove also has a damper that normally closes the second opening

  to guarantee the passage of gases through the converted

  sor. The register includes a device allowing a

  controlled leakage of gases through the second opening when

  that this register is in the closed position, so that in case of clogging of the converter, the gases

  can still go through the second opening to

  come to the flue. A device makes it possible

  place the register to clear the second opening and this device cooperates with a door which is movable to an open position giving access to the combustion chamber, so that the register moves towards

  its release position when the door is open.

  Other objects, features and benefits

  of the invention will become apparent on examining the description

  following detailed, given by way of non-limiting illustration, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which FIG. 1 is a front view of a stove shape according to the invention; FIG. 2 is an enlarged section along line 2-2 of FIG. Figure 1; Figure 3 is an enlarged fragmentary section on line 3-3 of Figure 1 and shows the stove in normal operation; Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3, but showing the register in the position it occupies when the stove door is open; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary section of a slightly modified embodiment; Figure 6 is a front view of a stove according to the present invention of the type to be inserted into the hearth of a chimney; Figure 7 is a top plan view of the stove of Figure 6; Fig. 8 is an enlarged fragmentary view along the line 8-8 of Fig. 6; and Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, but showing the position of the register when the door

  is released for opening.

  Referring now to the drawings and more particularly to FIG. 1, one generally sees a stove comprising a front wall 12, an upper wall 14, side walls 16, a rear wall 18 and a bottom wall 20 delimiting an almost complete enclosure . The stove 10 can be made of any suitable metal sheet or it can be cast iron. Conventionally, this stove rests by its

  lower king 20 on several feet 22.

  The front wall 12 of the stove has an opening

  access 24 which covers a door 26 hinged at 28, for example on hinges, which allows to rotate the door to an open position when desired

  access for any reason inside the stove.

  A conventional assembly 30, formed of a handle and a latch facilitates the opening movement of the door and keeps it locked in its position.

closing.

  A horizontal partition 32 is substantially parallel to the upper wall 14 from which it is only slightly separated and it delimits two internal chambers, namely a primary combustion chamber 34 relatively

  located under the partition and a post-chamber

  relatively clear bombardment 36 located above the partition 32. As seen more clearly in Figure 3, the partition 32 is pierced with two circular openings 38 and 40. In addition, a catalytic converter 42 is mounted on the partition 32 The details of the embodiment of this converter are not part of the inventive aspect of the present invention, but it will be understood that this converter 42 generally comprises a fabric

  ceramic bee with thin metal coating

  metallics acting as a catalyst with respect to the combustion gases. More particularly, the catalytic effect decreases the normally high point of ignition of escaping flue gases from its normally high range of about 700 ° C to a medium range, after catalysis, of about 2600C. This allows a

  substantially total combustion of these gases since the

  normal operating temperatures of wood stoves are

  lie between 2600 and 4800C. It will be noted that the conversion

  weaver 42 completely covers the opening 38, so that all the combustion gases passing through the opening 38

  in an upward movement must go through the converts

  42. The top wall 14 is equipped with a glance

  44 aligned with the converter 42, which allows an evaluation

  visual evaluation of the state of radiation of the catalytic catalyst so that one can adjust the bodies 46, 48 of adjustment of the draw for a maximum yield of

  stove. An exhaust pipe or flue 50

  munic with the afterburner chamber 36.

  Referring to FIGS. 2 to 4, a register in the form of a plate 52 is slidably mounted on the lower part of the partition 32. More particularly, two guide elements 54 are attached to the inner surface of the side wall 16 to support the sliding register 52 to

  to allow the latter to move between a first

  first position in which it covers the opening 40, as illustrated in FIG. 3, and a second position

  in which it covers the opening 38 and disengages the

  40, as shown in FIG. 4. A stop member, having the shape of a small abutment 56, is fixed to the lower part of the partition 32 to limit the travel of the register 52 and to guarantee that when it has moved to the position shown in Figure 4, it aligns appropriately on the opening 38 to cover it. The movement of the register 52 to pass

  from one to the other of the illustrated positions on the

  gures 3 and 4 is obtained by a manual operation of

  an elongated rod 58 fixed by its end

  internal in 60 on the register 52 and which passes through an ori-

  fice 62, formed just above the top of the door 26

  in the front wall 12, to extend towards the outside.

  laughing. At its outermost end, the rod 58 pre-

  a portion 64 bent downward and terminating in a button, ball or handle 66. As can be seen clearly in FIG. 3, when the register 52 is in its innermost position, that is to say when it covers the opening 40, the part 64 and the

  ball 66 of the stem materially prevent a movement

  Thus, before the door 26 can be opened, the rod 58 must be retracted to arrive at the position shown in FIG.

  causing the release of the opening 40 and the closure

  openness 38. For reasons that will emerge

  in the remainder of this Memorandum, register 52

  carries a light or aperture 68 relatively small.

  Here is how the stove 10. When the rod 58 is in the retracted position illustrated in FIG. 4, the door 26 can freely open to

  allow to load wood into the stove. After inflam-

  the door 26 is closed but the rod 58 is retained in the retracted position illustrated in FIG. 4, so that for a certain period of time,

  the opening 40 remains clear and unobstructed. This facilitates

  lite the start of the fire by increasing the draft, it being understood that when the register is in the position illustrated in Figure 3, the draw is reduced

  because of the inherent resistance of the con-

  vertiser 42 that the flue gases must pass through.

  Therefore, to increase draft when starting the fire in the stove, the damper is held in the position shown in Figure 4 for a time or until the fire has actually taken. Same

  time, the organs 46 and 48 acting on the

  rage to get the desired intake of air in the room

  in order to prime and maintain a combustion

  appropriate bustion. When the fire has strongly taken up in the combustion chamber 34, the rod 58 is moved inwards to arrive at the position shown in FIG. 3. The register plate 52 then covers or closes the opening 40 so that the flue gas

  necessarily have to go through the catalytic converter

  FIG. 42 to flow to the afterburner chamber 36. As previously explained, the converter 42 decreases the ignition point of the flue gases passing therethrough so that a near total combustion of these gases occurs by eliminating the passage of the smoke towards the duct 50, which almost completely eliminates the pollution that would have resulted. Likewise, the almost complete combustion of the gases before entering the duct 50 results in the virtually total absence of creosote formation in the duct or chimney associated with it, which greatly reduces the risks of a chimney fire and also decreases the maintenance of it. However, if

  the door 26 of the stove could be opened when the

  is located in the position shown in Figure 3, the smoke and flue gas from the chamber 34

  would follow the path of least resistance and escape

  go out through the open door.

  To avoid this, the door 26 can not be opened until the rod 58 has been retracted to reach the position shown in Figure 4, in which position the part 64 and the handle or ball 66 do not prevent the opening of the door. It appears that when the rod 58 is moved to this position, the register 52 automatically moves to a position in which it closes the converter 42 and releases the opening 40, so that smoke and combustion gases from the Chamber 34 will pass through the opening 40 to go to the conduit 50 rather than escape from the front of the stove. The catalytic converter 42 can sometimes be

  clogging or clogging, mainly because of

  inappropriate materials are burned in the stove. If this occurred during the normal operation of the stove, that is to say in the case illustrated in FIG. 3, the flue gases and the smoke would normally not find a way to escape and they would therefore be rejected. passing around the closed door 26, causing a

  unwanted intrusion of smoke into the room in the-

  which stove is located. In order to avoid this, a

  Important feature of the present invention is the presence of a device for controlled leakage of combustion gases and smoke through the opening

  even when the register 52 is in the position

  FIG. 3. This device providing a controlled leak can take the form of a relatively small opening, such as the opening 68 of the register 52.

  so that when the register is in the posi-

  As shown in Figure 3, the flue gases will continue to flow through the converter 42.

  since this path offers less resistance than the

  relatively small size 68 but, on the other hand, if

  the converter 42 was clogged or clogged, the

  68 would constitute a route for

  bustion and smoke could borrow to reach the

  leads 50 rather than being pushed back by the front of the stove.

  It will be understood that the device ensuring a leak does not necessarily have to take the form of the opening

  68 but that, on the contrary, the desired leakage could also

  be obtained if there is a loose or loose fitting seal between register 52 and partition 32 when this register is in the illustrated position

in Figure 3.

  If you want to burn coal in the stove, the coal fumes must avoid or avoid

  the catalytic converter because the sulfur that they con-

  take the risk of harming the converter and even destroying it. Thus, when the stove burns coal, the register 52 is moved to the position illustrated in FIG.

  Figure 4 to substantially close the access to the conver-

  catalytic weaver, so that the flue gases and fumes from the burning coal go directly

  through the opening 40 and go to the conduit 50.

  Of course, the door 26 will be maintained in the closed position even if the rod 58 remains in. the position of

  retraction shown in Figure 4.

  Figure 5 illustrates a variant of the stove

  presented in Figures 1 to 4. This variant is specific

  designed to improve the operation of the stove when burning coal. More particularly, in the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 5, the catalytic converter 42 is slidably mounted on the partition 32 in order to move from the position indicated in solid lines to the position indicated in the line. mixed. More specifically, a rod 70 is fixed at its inner end, for example at 72, to the converter 42. This rod passes through the front wall 12 through an orifice pierced in this wall and which is located slightly above the orifice 62. The rod 70 is

  ends at its outer end with a handle, a

  or a ball 76 so that a maneuver of the rod 70, to move it from the position 76 (solid line) to the position 76 '(mixed line) causes

  a corresponding movement of the converter 42 from its position

  indicated in solid lines to that, 42 ', indicated in dashed lines. A substantially horizontal plate 78 is fixed to the front wall 12 from which it projects so that

  that when the converter 42 has been moved to its position

  42 'inactive, as illustrated in FIG.

  plate 78 serves to form a cover of the

  puts the converter, which is then protected as well

  up and down against exposure to coal fumes.

  good of the stove, it being understood that the converter 42 is moved to its position 42 'inactive, as shown in Figure 5 dotted line, when the stove 10 is used to burn coal. Of course, in the form of

  embodiment illustrated in Figure 5, it is not necessary to

  to retract the rod 58 when coal is burned, because the opening 38 becomes fully open when the converter 42 is moved to its position 42 'and thus provides the necessary communication with

the room 36.

  Figures 6 to 9 illustrate the application of the present invention to a stove, designated by the general reference 80, to be inserted into a chimney hearth. Apart from obvious differences in shape for the aesthetics, the only real difference between the stoves 10 and 80

  is that the latter has a post-

  82 much lower, which necessitates

  catalytic converter 84 on the

  FIG. 8 and 9. An opening 88, aligned with the converter 84, and an opening 90 of the partition 86 respectively correspond to the above-mentioned openings 38 and 40. A register 92 and a rod 94 maneuver correspond to the register 52 and the rod 58

  mentioned above and function respectively identically.

  As indicated, the only real difference in operation between the stoves 80 and 10 is that, due to the relative lack of height of the chamber

  afterburner 82 of the stove 80, the catalytic converter

  lytic system 84 is suspended from the horizontal wall 86 and

  is located in the combustion chamber 100 instead of being located on the upper side of the horizontal partition. Also, in this embodiment of the invention, the damper slides along the upper surface of the wall rather than moving along its bottom as in the stove.

  can not pivot to reach their position of

  as long as a rod 94 has not been retracted for

  to the position shown in Figure 9. A

  92 then prevents the combustion gases and smoke from passing through the catalytic converter 84 and forces them

  to pass through the opening 90 to flow towards the

  exhaust duct 98 when the doors 96 are open.

  A disadvantage of the stove illustrated in Figures 6 to 9 is its inability to burn coal because the exposure of the catalytic converter 84 to the fumes of coal

  would quickly destroy this converter.

  It goes without saying that, without departing from the

  many modifications can be made.

  stove described and shown.

Claims (10)

  1. Stove (10) comprising front walls (12),   rear (18), upper (14), lower (20) and   (16), a door (26) hinged to the front wall (12) and movable between a closed position and an open position for access   inside the stove, an inner partition (32)   horizontally spaced although close to the upper wall   (14) and defining a relatively large combustion chamber (34) below the partition (32) and a   afterburner chamber (36) relatively small   above the bulkhead, an exhaust pipe (50) which   together with the chamber (36) and combustion regulating members (46, 48) which communicate with the combustion chamber (34), a catalytic converter (42) mounted on the partition (32) so as to be aligned with one (38) of the two openings (38, 40) of this partition, so that all the gases passing through the opening (38) pass through the converter (42), a mobile register (52)   between a first position in which the first   the opening (40) is substantially closed and a second position in which   the second opening (40) is disengaged and the first opening   verture (38) is substantially closed, characterized in that it comprises a handle device operable from the outside of this stove (10) to move the register (52) between its first and second positions, this device   blocking the opening movement of the door (26) when   the register (52) is in its first position,   so that the door (26) can only be opened when   that the register (52) has been moved to its second position   tion. 2. Stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the damper allows a regulated leak of the gases of   by the second opening (40) when this   (52) is in its first position, so that if the catalytic converter (42) is clogged, the combustion gases can still travel through the second opening (40) to the exhaust pipe (50) - 3. Stove according to claim 2, characterized in that the register (52) is pierced with a through hole (68) relatively small to allow there leakage adjusted combustion gases.   4. Stove according to claim 1, whose door (26) is articulated on hinges (28) of the front wall (12) to perform a pivoting movement towards its open position, this stove being characterized in that the handle device comprises an elongate shaft (58) secured at its inner end (60) to the damper (52) and whose outer end slides through the front wall (12) and has an angled outer portion (64)   extending over an edge of the door (26) to   firing an opening movement thereof when the damper (52) is in its first position, so that to allow opening of the door (26), the rod (52) must be retracted from the stove (10) , which moves the   register (52) to its second position.   5. Stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalytic converter (42) is positioned in the afterburner chamber (36) and can move from its active position aligned with an opening (38) to an inactive position (42 ' ) different and in that   horizontal plate (78), mounted in the post-chamber   combustion (36) between the partition (32) and the upper wall   (14) overlies the top of the converter (42) when   that the latter has been moved to its inactive position (42 ').   6. Stove according to claim 5, characterized in that, to move the converter (42) between its activity and inactivity positions, the stove comprises a device comprising a rod (70) connected by its inner end (72). to this converter (42) and which slides through an orifice (74) pierced in the front wall (12) of the stove to be able to be maneuvered from the outside from this stove.   7. Stove according to claim 5, characterized in that the register (52) allows a controlled leakage of the combustion gases through the second opening (40) when in its first position, so that if the catalytic converter (42) clogs, the combustion gases can still borrow the second opening (40) and go towards the exhaust pipe (50) - 8. Stove according to claim 1, characterized in that the catalytic converter (84) is attached to the lower part of the horizontal partition (86) and enters the combustion chamber (100) of the stove (80).   9. Stove (10, 80) comprising an enclosure pre-   an internal partition (32, 86) delimiting a chamber   combustion chamber (34, 100) and a post-combustion chamber   tion (36, 82) which communicates with an exhaust pipe   (50), first (38, 88) and second (40, 90)   openings in the partition (32, 66) for   venting from the combustion chamber (34, 100) to the afterburner (36, 82), a catalytic converter (42, 84) associated with one (38, 88) of the whereby all of the gases passing from the combustion chamber (34, 100) to the afterburner (36, 82) through this opening (38, 88) passes through the converter (42, 84), and a register (52 92) which normally substantially closes the second opening (40, 80) to ensure the passage of gases through the converter (42, 84), characterized in that it comprises a device operable to move the register (52, 92 ) to disengage the second opening (40, 90) and having one or more elements (68) allowing regulated gas leakage through the second opening   (40, 90) when the register (52, 92) is in a position   shutter, so that if the converter (42,   84), the gases can still borrow the se-   opening count (40, 90) to go to the pipe exhaust (50).   10. Stove according to claim 9, characterized in that its enclosure comprises a door that can be moved to an open position to ac-   give in to the combustion chamber and that the   tif intended to move the register cooperates func-   with this door, so that the register moves to its release position every time the door is open.