FR2479986A1 - Procede de preparation de materiaux adsorbants destines a l'analyse ou au traitement des liquides et les materiaux ainsi obtenus - Google Patents
Procede de preparation de materiaux adsorbants destines a l'analyse ou au traitement des liquides et les materiaux ainsi obtenus Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- FR2479986A1 FR2479986A1 FR8007460A FR8007460A FR2479986A1 FR 2479986 A1 FR2479986 A1 FR 2479986A1 FR 8007460 A FR8007460 A FR 8007460A FR 8007460 A FR8007460 A FR 8007460A FR 2479986 A1 FR2479986 A1 FR 2479986A1
- Authority
- FR
- France
- Prior art keywords
- carried out
- adsorbent
- alkali metal
- hydroxide
- treatment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 6
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical group [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanic acid Chemical compound O[Ti](O)(O)O LLZRNZOLAXHGLL-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 abstract description 7
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910052770 Uranium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N uranium Chemical compound [U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U][U] DNYWZCXLKNTFFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229960004887 ferric hydroxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M iron(3+);oxygen(2-);hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[Fe+3] IEECXTSVVFWGSE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium;oxalate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O IRXRGVFLQOSHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000004679 hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000013043 chemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003480 eluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003891 environmental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003295 industrial effluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005325 percolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002594 sorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B60/00—Obtaining metals of atomic number 87 or higher, i.e. radioactive metals
- C22B60/02—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides
- C22B60/0204—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium
- C22B60/0217—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes
- C22B60/0252—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries
- C22B60/0265—Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries extraction by solid resins
- C22B60/0273—Extraction by titanium containing adsorbents, e.g. by hydrous titanium oxide
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8007460A FR2479986A1 (fr) | 1980-04-02 | 1980-04-02 | Procede de preparation de materiaux adsorbants destines a l'analyse ou au traitement des liquides et les materiaux ainsi obtenus |
| DE8181400456T DE3162576D1 (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1981-03-23 | Process for making adsorbent materials for analyzing or treating liquids and materials so obtained |
| EP81400456A EP0037321B1 (fr) | 1980-04-02 | 1981-03-23 | Procédé de préparation de matériaux adsorbants destinés à l'analyse ou au traitement des liquides et les matériaux ainsi obtenus |
| US06/247,201 US4366090A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1981-03-24 | Process for the preparation of adsorbent materials |
| CA000374421A CA1171839A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1981-04-01 | Process for the preparation of adsorbent materials |
| JP4924981A JPS56155643A (en) | 1980-04-02 | 1981-04-01 | Adsorbing material and its manufacture |
| ES500985A ES500985A0 (es) | 1980-04-02 | 1981-04-01 | Procedimiento para la obtencion de un material adsorvente. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8007460A FR2479986A1 (fr) | 1980-04-02 | 1980-04-02 | Procede de preparation de materiaux adsorbants destines a l'analyse ou au traitement des liquides et les materiaux ainsi obtenus |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| FR2479986A1 true FR2479986A1 (fr) | 1981-10-09 |
| FR2479986B1 FR2479986B1 (https=) | 1984-04-13 |
Family
ID=9240468
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8007460A Granted FR2479986A1 (fr) | 1980-04-02 | 1980-04-02 | Procede de preparation de materiaux adsorbants destines a l'analyse ou au traitement des liquides et les materiaux ainsi obtenus |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4366090A (https=) |
| EP (1) | EP0037321B1 (https=) |
| JP (1) | JPS56155643A (https=) |
| CA (1) | CA1171839A (https=) |
| DE (1) | DE3162576D1 (https=) |
| ES (1) | ES500985A0 (https=) |
| FR (1) | FR2479986A1 (https=) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4591581A (en) * | 1983-01-28 | 1986-05-27 | Laporte Industries Limited | Method for making absorbent materials |
| IT1223582B (it) * | 1987-12-22 | 1990-09-29 | Eniricerche Spa | Procedimento per la preparazione di dispersioni solide di sali acidi di metalli tetravalenti a struttura lamellare inuna matrice inorganica inerte e prodotti cosi' ottenuti |
| US20020074292A1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-06-20 | Andreas Schlegel | Adsorption vessels |
| AU2002218168A1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-08 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Contact and adsorber granulates |
| BR0114198B1 (pt) * | 2000-09-26 | 2012-02-22 | unidades de filtração percorrìveis por meios para remoção de substáncias nocivas de lìquidos. | |
| WO2002026631A1 (de) * | 2000-09-26 | 2002-04-04 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Kontakt- und adsorber-granulate |
| DE10116953B4 (de) * | 2001-04-05 | 2010-04-29 | Wismut Gmbh | Verfahren zur Abtrennung von Schwermetallen, Metallen, Arsen, Uran und Radium aus schadstoffbelasteten Wässern durch ein aus mehreren Komponenten bestehendes reaktives Material |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB289890A (https=) * | 1927-05-06 | 1929-08-06 | The Silica Gel Corporation | |
| GB392954A (en) * | 1930-11-21 | 1933-05-22 | Silica Gel Corp | Improvements in or relating to catalytic or adscrption processes and the manufactureof plural or mixed gels therefor |
| US2057414A (en) * | 1935-03-28 | 1936-10-13 | Southwick W Briggs | Oil filtering element and process of making the same |
| GB521214A (en) * | 1938-09-21 | 1940-05-15 | Herbert Hans Greger | Improvements in or relating to bonding fuller's earth or other absorbent granular material |
| DE745752C (de) * | 1933-07-16 | 1944-05-05 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Herstellung poroeser, insbesondere fuer Adsorptions- oder katalytische Zwecke geeigneter aktiver Massen |
| FR941035A (fr) * | 1940-11-19 | 1948-12-30 | Procédé de fabrication d'une matière absorbante et composition réalisée par ce procédé | |
| US2914487A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1959-11-24 | Sporlan Valve Company Inc | Bonding of adsorbent materials |
| GB1232062A (https=) * | 1967-07-04 | 1971-05-19 | ||
| US3775345A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1973-11-27 | Grace W R & Co | Amorphous inorganic gel |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1999210A (en) * | 1931-04-10 | 1935-04-30 | Johns Manville | Hydrous silicate gels and method of making the same |
| US2265389A (en) * | 1939-02-07 | 1941-12-09 | Standard Oil Co | Catalytic cracking process |
| US2407247A (en) * | 1940-11-19 | 1946-09-10 | Southwick W Briggs | Bonded adsorbent |
| US2344911A (en) * | 1942-03-28 | 1944-03-21 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Titanium catalyst |
| US2699376A (en) * | 1950-08-01 | 1955-01-11 | Gulf Research Development Co | Process for increasing the a verage pore size of a calcined silica gel |
-
1980
- 1980-04-02 FR FR8007460A patent/FR2479986A1/fr active Granted
-
1981
- 1981-03-23 DE DE8181400456T patent/DE3162576D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-03-23 EP EP81400456A patent/EP0037321B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1981-03-24 US US06/247,201 patent/US4366090A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1981-04-01 ES ES500985A patent/ES500985A0/es active Granted
- 1981-04-01 JP JP4924981A patent/JPS56155643A/ja active Pending
- 1981-04-01 CA CA000374421A patent/CA1171839A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB289890A (https=) * | 1927-05-06 | 1929-08-06 | The Silica Gel Corporation | |
| GB392954A (en) * | 1930-11-21 | 1933-05-22 | Silica Gel Corp | Improvements in or relating to catalytic or adscrption processes and the manufactureof plural or mixed gels therefor |
| DE745752C (de) * | 1933-07-16 | 1944-05-05 | Ig Farbenindustrie Ag | Herstellung poroeser, insbesondere fuer Adsorptions- oder katalytische Zwecke geeigneter aktiver Massen |
| US2057414A (en) * | 1935-03-28 | 1936-10-13 | Southwick W Briggs | Oil filtering element and process of making the same |
| GB521214A (en) * | 1938-09-21 | 1940-05-15 | Herbert Hans Greger | Improvements in or relating to bonding fuller's earth or other absorbent granular material |
| FR941035A (fr) * | 1940-11-19 | 1948-12-30 | Procédé de fabrication d'une matière absorbante et composition réalisée par ce procédé | |
| US2914487A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1959-11-24 | Sporlan Valve Company Inc | Bonding of adsorbent materials |
| GB1232062A (https=) * | 1967-07-04 | 1971-05-19 | ||
| US3775345A (en) * | 1971-05-28 | 1973-11-27 | Grace W R & Co | Amorphous inorganic gel |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA1171839A (en) | 1984-07-31 |
| DE3162576D1 (en) | 1984-04-19 |
| US4366090A (en) | 1982-12-28 |
| FR2479986B1 (https=) | 1984-04-13 |
| EP0037321B1 (fr) | 1984-03-14 |
| EP0037321A1 (fr) | 1981-10-07 |
| ES8202153A1 (es) | 1982-01-01 |
| ES500985A0 (es) | 1982-01-01 |
| JPS56155643A (en) | 1981-12-01 |
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