FR2477194A1 - Modular sections for constructing underwater structures - have flexible joints allowing lateral displacement without rupture and are filled with pressurised paste - Google Patents

Modular sections for constructing underwater structures - have flexible joints allowing lateral displacement without rupture and are filled with pressurised paste Download PDF

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Publication number
FR2477194A1
FR2477194A1 FR8004539A FR8004539A FR2477194A1 FR 2477194 A1 FR2477194 A1 FR 2477194A1 FR 8004539 A FR8004539 A FR 8004539A FR 8004539 A FR8004539 A FR 8004539A FR 2477194 A1 FR2477194 A1 FR 2477194A1
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Prior art keywords
envelope
modular
elements
filling
hydraulic
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Granted
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FR8004539A
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French (fr)
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FR2477194B1 (en
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Individual
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Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to FR8004539A priority Critical patent/FR2477194A1/en
Priority to MX18206280A priority patent/MX150272A/en
Priority to JP55123402A priority patent/JPS6013082B2/en
Publication of FR2477194A1 publication Critical patent/FR2477194A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of FR2477194B1 publication Critical patent/FR2477194B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/122—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips
    • E02B3/127—Flexible prefabricated covering elements, e.g. mats, strips bags filled at the side

Abstract

The sections are supple pierced envelopes that allow filling with a mixture of water and solid material injected under pressure. The bottom sections (A,B etc) have a flat projection on one side and a pair of lip projections on the other. The latter are nipped onto the flat projecton of the adjacent section. The top sections (F,G etc) have sockets in their bases and dowels in their tops. The dowels of one course fit into the sockets of the course above. Both sockets and dowels are hollow so that a tensioning cable (4) can pass through them.

Description

L'invention se rapporte à la réalisation et à l'assem- blage d'éléments modulaires utilisés dans les ouvrages servant à contrôler l'érosion, à orienter les courants marins et fluviaux et, en général, à la construction de digues ou parois sous-marines. The invention relates to the production and assembly of modular elements used in works for controlling erosion, orienting sea and river currents and, in general, building dikes or walls under -marines.

Ces éléments sont constitués d'une enveloppe souple munie d'orifices agencés pour en permettre le remplissage, sur le lieu d'utilisation, par un mélange d'eau et de matériau solide particulaire, tel que mélange de sable et de ciment, injecté sous pression.These elements consist of a flexible envelope provided with orifices arranged to allow filling, at the place of use, with a mixture of water and particulate solid material, such as mixture of sand and cement, injected under pressure.

Ils font l'objet, en particulier, des brevets français suivants déposés par le Demandeur - N" 73.45636, déposé le 19 Décembre 1973, pour "Amélioration
aux éléments modulaires pour constructions sous-marines".They are the subject, in particular, of the following French patents filed by the Applicant - N "73.45636, filed on December 19, 1973, for" Improvement
modular elements for underwater constructions ".

- N" 75.01480, déposé le 17 Janvier 1975, pour "Perfectionne
ments aux éléments modulaires de construction d'ouvrages hy
drauliques et subaquatiques".- N "75.01480, filed January 17, 1975, for" Perfects
elements to the modular elements of construction of hy structures
hydraulic and underwater ".

- N" 76.15377, déposé le 21 Mai 1976, pour "Elément modulaire
composé d'une enveloppe souple destinée à être remplie, sur
le lieu d'utilisation, d'une matière solide injectée sous
pression, et assemblage de tels éléments en vue de la cons
truction d'ouvrages hydrauliques ou subaquatiques".- N "76.15377, filed May 21, 1976, for" Modular element
composed of a flexible envelope intended to be filled, on
the place of use, of a solid material injected under
pressure, and assembly of such elements for the cons
hydraulic or underwater structures. "

Dans les brevets susvisés, différents moyens d'accrochage entre-eux et d'ancrage au sol de ces éléments modulaires ont été proposes, tels que : parties saillantes de l'enveloppe spécialement conformées pour l'accrochage; utilisation, pour les enveloppes, d'une base commune d'interconnexion et d'ancrage; utilisation de tubes ou de tiges rigides traversant les éléments de part en part, avec coulage de béton dans les orifices. In the aforementioned patents, different means for hooking them and for anchoring these modular elements to the ground have been proposed, such as: protruding parts of the envelope specially shaped for hooking; use, for enclosures, of a common interconnection and anchoring base; use of rigid tubes or rods passing right through the elements, with concrete pouring into the orifices.

Ces solutions antérieures présentent un certain nombre d'inconvénients, tels que : difficulté et coût de la mise en place et risque de rupture des ouvrages en cas de déplacements lateraux des eléments modulaires sous l'action des vagues ou des courants. These previous solutions have a certain number of drawbacks, such as: difficulty and cost of setting up and risk of breaking of the structures in the event of lateral displacements of the modular elements under the action of waves or currents.

L'invention se propose de pallier ces inconvénients en prévoyant un premier type d'élément modulaire, muni d'appendices de liaison permettant son assemblage latéral avec des éléments similaires pour former des chaînes ou des nappes de retenue du sol et un second type d'élément modulaire, agencé pour permettre sa liaison avec des éléments similaires superposés au moyen d'un câble flexible, en vue de munir l'ouvrage d'une couronne de protection contre l'affouillement. The invention proposes to overcome these drawbacks by providing a first type of modular element, provided with connection appendages allowing its lateral assembly with similar elements to form chains or ground retaining plies and a second type of modular element, arranged to allow its connection with similar elements superimposed by means of a flexible cable, in order to provide the structure with a crown for protection against scouring.

L'invention a encore pour objet un élément modulaire allongé du second type susvisé, dont les trois dimensions principales sont choisies pour permettre à un mélange d'eau et de materiau granulaire, contenu dans l'élément, de subir un compactage aussi rapide que possible par effet hydrodynamique. Another subject of the invention is an elongated modular element of the second type mentioned above, the three main dimensions of which are chosen to allow a mixture of water and granular material, contained in the element, to undergo compaction as quickly as possible. by hydrodynamic effect.

Une autre particularité de l'invention concerne l'utilisation,à l'intérieur de l'enveloppe de l'élément, de rubans textiles extensibles attachés chacun en deux points opposés de ladite enveloppe, les emplacements et les allongements de ces rubans étant choisis pour que l'enveloppe prenne une forme prédéterminée au cours de son remplissage, ce qui facilite la juxtaposition des élements.  Another feature of the invention relates to the use, inside the envelope of the element, of stretchy textile ribbons each attached at two opposite points of said envelope, the locations and the elongations of these ribbons being chosen for that the envelope takes a predetermined shape during its filling, which facilitates the juxtaposition of the elements.

Toutes les particularités susvisées peuvent se conjuguer en vue de faciliter la réalisation de constructions monolithiques. All the aforementioned features can be combined to facilitate the realization of monolithic constructions.

L'invention sera mieux comprise a l'aide de la description détaillée ci-après. The invention will be better understood with the aid of the detailed description below.

Au dessin annexé
La figure 1 représente schématiquement un ouvrage hydraulique constitué d'éléments modulaires des deux types susvisés;
La figure 2 représente la liaison entre deux éléments modulaires du premier type;
La figure 3 illustre le procédé de liaison par câble e deux éléments modulaires du second type;
La figure 4 représente plusieurs éléments superposés en quinconce et,
La figure 5 est une vue en coupe d"un élément modulaire muni de rubans tenseurs.In the attached drawing
Figure 1 schematically shows a hydraulic structure consisting of modular elements of the two types mentioned above;
FIG. 2 represents the connection between two modular elements of the first type;
Figure 3 illustrates the cable connection process e two modular elements of the second type;
FIG. 4 represents several elements superimposed in staggered rows and,
Figure 5 is a sectional view of a modular element provided with tensioning tapes.

La figure 1 permet de comprendre le mode d'assemblage d'élements du premier type (tels qu'illustres à la figure 2) et du second type (tels qu'illustres à la figure 3). FIG. 1 makes it possible to understand the method of assembling elements of the first type (such as illustrated in FIG. 2) and of the second type (such as illustrated in FIG. 3).

Une nappe constituée d'élements du premier type A, B,
C, D, E..., reliés entre eux latéralement, est posee sur le sol.A sheet made up of elements of the first type A, B,
C, D, E ..., interconnected laterally, is placed on the ground.

On voit, à la figure 2, que ces éléments, qui ont par exemple la forme de gros boudins cylindriques, comprennent, le long d'une génératrice du cylindre, un appendice plan 1 et, le long de la génératrice opposée, deux lèvres 2 et 3 qui s'ouvrent en "V". L'appendice plan de l'élément B est engagé entre les lèvres d'un élément contigü C, après quoi on ferme celles-ci comme l'indiquent les flèches et on les coud sur les deux faces respectives de la lame 1. It can be seen in FIG. 2 that these elements, which for example have the shape of large cylindrical tubes, include, along a generatrix of the cylinder, a plane appendage 1 and, along the opposite generatrix, two lips 2 and 3 which open in "V". The planar appendix of element B is engaged between the lips of a contiguous element C, after which these are closed as indicated by the arrows and sewn on the two respective faces of the blade 1.

Les liaisons planes ainsi constituees entre les corps des élements arrêtent le sol. Elles peuvent recevoir des découpes pour laisser passer la végétation lorsque de tels éléments modulaires sont utilises pour former des tapis de protection de berges ou de rives. The plane connections thus formed between the bodies of the elements stop the ground. They can receive cutouts to let the vegetation through when such modular elements are used to form protective mats for banks or banks.

Revenant à la figure 1, on voit que la couche superficielle de l'ouvrage, formée des éléments du second type F, G, H,
I, J, K, L ... liés entre eux au moyen de câbles flexibles (dont un seul, 4, a été figure), constitue une couronne de protection contre l'affouillement.Returning to FIG. 1, it can be seen that the surface layer of the structure, formed of elements of the second type F, G, H,
I, J, K, L ... linked together by means of flexible cables (of which only one, 4, has been shown), constitutes a crown for protection against scouring.

De préférence, les-élements de la couronne sont remplis de béton, tandis que le coeur de l'ouvrage et la nappe de sol peuvent être composés d'éléments remplis de sable. Les éléments du coeur de l'ouvrage sont maintenus ensemble par le poids des élements superieurs tandis que, pour -les éléments de la couronne, et surout pour les éléments de faite tels que I, seuls les câbles peuvent transmettre les efforts d'un élément à l'autre et assurer la cohésion de l'ensemble. La souplesse d'une telle liaison supprime le risque de rupture de l'ouvrage en cas de dépla- cements latéraux des éléments. Preferably, the elements of the crown are filled with concrete, while the core of the structure and the ground sheet can be composed of elements filled with sand. The elements of the heart of the structure are held together by the weight of the upper elements while, for the elements of the crown, and especially for the elements of fact such as I, only the cables can transmit the forces of an element. to the other and ensure the cohesion of the whole. The flexibility of such a connection eliminates the risk of breaking of the structure in the event of lateral displacements of the elements.

La résistance de l'ensemblage est telle que le poids des elements modulaires qui le constituent peut être relativement réduit, d'où une économie de materiau et de temps de remplissage. The strength of the assembly is such that the weight of the modular elements which constitute it can be relatively reduced, thereby saving material and filling time.

La figure 3 montre que chaque élément du second type a la forme d'une poche allongée munie de plusieurs bouches telles que 5 - 6 - 7 - 8, perpendiculaires à sa surface et opposées deux a deux, de façon a permettre le passage d'un câble flexible 4, à travers chaque couple de bouches opposées. On n'a pas figuré les orifices de remplissage de la poche, qui sont indépendants des bouches 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 et munis de valves -permettant l'introduc- tion sous-pression du mélange d'eau et de matériau granulaire de remplissage. Figure 3 shows that each element of the second type has the shape of an elongated pocket provided with several mouths such as 5 - 6 - 7 - 8, perpendicular to its surface and opposite in pairs, so as to allow the passage of a flexible cable 4, through each pair of opposite mouths. We have not shown the filling holes of the bag, which are independent of the mouths 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 and provided with valves - allowing the introduction under pressure of the mixture of water and granular material of filling.

Les bouches 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 ont un diamètre relativement important (30cm par exemple), si bien qu'il est facile d'y introduire les mains pour manipuler le câble lors de sa mise en place.  The mouths 5 - 6 - 7 - 8 have a relatively large diameter (30 cm for example), so that it is easy to introduce the hands to manipulate the cable during its installation.

Celui-ci a, par exemple, 1,5 cm de diametre et est en "Nylon" ou en acier protégé contre la corrosion.This one, for example, 1.5 cm in diameter and is made of "Nylon" or steel protected against corrosion.

Les poches étant vides, le câble replié, par exemple, est introduit de bas en haut dans la bouche inférieure d'-un élé- ment et tiré au moyen d'un cordon de mise en place. On ligature la bouche pour la fermer complètement après passage du câble et le remplissage peut alors être effectué normalement. The pockets being empty, the folded cable, for example, is introduced from bottom to top into the lower mouth of one element and pulled by means of a positioning cord. The mouth is ligated to close it completely after passage of the cable and filling can then be carried out normally.

A la figure 4, on a representé un élément N du second type, superposé à quatre éléments N, O, P, Q du même type. In Figure 4, there is shown an element N of the second type, superimposed on four elements N, O, P, Q of the same type.

On voit que chacun des couples de bouches de l'élément M est relié a un couple correspondant de bouches des éléments respectifs N, O, P, Q. Cette disposition des éléments en quinconce améliore la tenue de l'assemblage, elle sera utilisée notamment au faite de la structure.We see that each of the pairs of vents of the element M is connected to a corresponding couple of vents of the respective elements N, O, P, Q. This arrangement of the staggered elements improves the resistance of the assembly, it will be used in particular to the structure.

De préférence, la hauteur due l'élément une fois rempli, sa largeur et sa longueur sont respectivement proportionnelles à 0,5, 1,5 et 3,5 c'est-à-dire que,pour une hauteur de O m 50 par exemple, on choisira approximativement une largeur de 1 m 50 et une longueur de 3 m 50. L'expérience a montré que ces dimensions sont les plus favorables au compactage rapide et complet du melange de remplissage par effet hydrostatique, lors de son injection souspression dans le sens longitudinal de la poche. Preferably, the height of the element once filled, its width and its length are respectively proportional to 0.5, 1.5 and 3.5, that is to say that, for a height of 0 m 50 per example, we will choose approximately a width of 1 m 50 and a length of 3 m 50. Experience has shown that these dimensions are the most favorable for the rapid and complete compaction of the filling mixture by hydrostatic effect, during its injection under pressure in the longitudinal direction of the pocket.

A la figure 5, on a représenté en coupe un élément dont l'enveloppe 9 est munie de rubans tels que 10 - 11, cousus a leurs extrémités en deux points opposés de la surface interne de l'enveloppe. Ces rubans sont en matière textile extensible de sorte que, au cours du remplissage, ils puissent s'allonger d'une certaine quantité. Leur nombre, leur disposition et leur allongement sont choisis pour que la poche prenne une forme prédéterminée une fois remplie. Il est évident que cela facilite la juxtaposition des éléments entre eux. In Figure 5, there is shown in section an element whose envelope 9 is provided with ribbons such as 10 - 11, sewn at their ends at two opposite points of the inner surface of the envelope. These ribbons are made of extensible textile material so that, during filling, they can lengthen by a certain amount. Their number, their arrangement and their elongation are chosen so that the pocket takes on a predetermined shape once filled. It is obvious that this facilitates the juxtaposition of the elements between them.

Il va de soi que diverses modifications pourront être apportées aux elements modulaires décrits et représentés, sans s'ecarter de l'esprit de l'invention.  It goes without saying that various modifications may be made to the modular elements described and shown, without departing from the spirit of the invention.

Claims (8)

REVENDICATIONS 1. Elément modulaire destiné a la construction d'ouvrages hydrauliques ou subaquatiques, constitué d'une enveloppe souple munie d'orifices agencés pour en permettre le remplissage par un melange d'eau et de matériau solide particulaire injecté sous-pression, caractérisé en ce que ladite enveloppe, de forme allongee, est munie sur toute sa longueur d'un côté d'un appendice de liaison plan et de l'autre côté de deux lèvres disposees en "V", l'appendice plan d'un élément étant destiné à se fixer entre les levres refermées d'un élément contigü. 1. Modular element intended for the construction of hydraulic or underwater structures, consisting of a flexible envelope provided with orifices arranged to allow filling thereof with a mixture of water and particulate solid material injected under pressure, characterized in that that said envelope, of elongated shape, is provided over its entire length on one side with a planar connection appendage and on the other side with two lips arranged in a "V" shape, the planar appendage of an element being intended to be fixed between the closed lips of a contiguous element. 2. Nappe de protection du sol caractérisée en ce qu'elle est composée d'éléments modulaires conformes à la revendication 1, liés entre eux par coopération des lèvres de chaque élément avec l'appendice plan de l'élément contigü. 2. Ground protection sheet characterized in that it is composed of modular elements according to claim 1, linked together by cooperation of the lips of each element with the planar appendage of the contiguous element. 3. Elément modulaire destine à la construction d'ouvrages hydrauliques ou subaquatiques, constitue d'une enveloppe souple munie d'orifices agences pour en permettre le remplissage par un mélange d'eau et de materiau solide particulaire injecté sous-pression, caracterisé en ce que ladite enveloppe est munie d'au moins un couple de bouches disposées l'une en regard de 1'autre perpendiculairement à ses faces opposees et permettant l'- introduction d'un câble flexible à travers l'élément avant son remplissage. 3. Modular element intended for the construction of hydraulic or underwater structures, consists of a flexible envelope provided with orifices to allow filling with a mixture of water and particulate solid material injected under pressure, characterized in that that said envelope is provided with at least a pair of mouths arranged one opposite the other perpendicular to its opposite faces and allowing the introduction of a flexible cable through the element before it is filled. 4. Application d'ensemble d'élements modulaires selon la revendication 3, superposés et reliés entre eux par un câble flexible, à la realisation de la couronne extérieure de protection d'un ouvrage hydraulique. 4. Application of a set of modular elements according to claim 3, superimposed and interconnected by a flexible cable, to the production of the outer protective ring of a hydraulic structure. 5. Ouvrage hydraulique caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une nappe de protection du sol conforme à la revendication 2 et une couronne extérieure de protection conforme à la revendication 4. 5. Hydraulic structure characterized in that it comprises a ground protection ply according to claim 2 and an outer protective crown according to claim 4. 6. Ouvrage hydraulique selon la revendication 4 ou 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte, au faite de la structure, des éléments modulaires du second type, superposés en quinconce, chaque élément étant relie à quatre éléments au-dessus desquels il est disposé.  6. Hydraulic structure according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that it comprises, when made of the structure, modular elements of the second type, superimposed in staggered rows, each element being connected to four elements above which it is arranged . 7. élément modulaire selon la revendication 1,. caractérisé en ce que sa hauteur après remplissage, sa largeur et sa longueur sont respectivement proportionnelles, approximativement aux nombres 0,5, 1,5 et 3,5. 7. modular element according to claim 1 ,. characterized in that its height after filling, its width and its length are respectively proportional, approximately to the numbers 0.5, 1.5 and 3.5. 8. Elément modulaire selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'enveloppe est munie intérieurement de rubans textiles extensibles attachés chacun en deux points opposés de ladite enveloppe, les emplacements et les allongements de ces rubans étant choisis pour que l'enveloppe prenne une forme prédéterminée au cours de son remplissage.  8. Modular element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the envelope is provided internally with extensible textile ribbons each attached at two opposite points of said envelope, the locations and the elongations of these ribbons being chosen so that the envelope takes a predetermined shape during its filling.
FR8004539A 1980-02-29 1980-02-29 Modular sections for constructing underwater structures - have flexible joints allowing lateral displacement without rupture and are filled with pressurised paste Granted FR2477194A1 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8004539A FR2477194A1 (en) 1980-02-29 1980-02-29 Modular sections for constructing underwater structures - have flexible joints allowing lateral displacement without rupture and are filled with pressurised paste
MX18206280A MX150272A (en) 1980-02-29 1980-04-23 IMPROVEMENTS TO INTERCONNECTABLE MODULES FOR UNDERWATER CONSTRUCTIONS
JP55123402A JPS6013082B2 (en) 1980-02-29 1980-09-04 Component materials for underwater structures

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8004539A FR2477194A1 (en) 1980-02-29 1980-02-29 Modular sections for constructing underwater structures - have flexible joints allowing lateral displacement without rupture and are filled with pressurised paste

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FR2477194A1 true FR2477194A1 (en) 1981-09-04
FR2477194B1 FR2477194B1 (en) 1983-04-29

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131312A2 (en) * 1983-07-12 1985-01-16 Hasso von Blücher High-water protection

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1931537A1 (en) * 1969-06-21 1970-12-23 Prepakt Nv Method for attaching embankment or soil protection
FR2255803A5 (en) * 1973-12-19 1975-07-18 Porraz Jimenez
FR2297959A1 (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-08-13 Porraz Mauricio IMPROVEMENTS TO MODULAR ELEMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND SUBBAQUATIC WORKS
FR2320390A1 (en) * 1975-08-07 1977-03-04 Japan Port Consultants Ltd MARINE CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE FORMED WITH FARMS AND HAVING A WIDE BASE
FR2347492A1 (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-11-04 Labora Mauricio Woven cloth incorporating cells filled with ballast - used to protect underwater surfaces and pipes against corrosion and erosion
FR2352107A1 (en) * 1976-05-21 1977-12-16 Porraz J L Mauricio Modular element for hydraulic or underwater construction work - has plastics envelope filled by mortar under pressure and cylindrical guide holes with inflatable tubes
AT352639B (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-09-25 Gloessl Johann SHORE SHORING

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1931537A1 (en) * 1969-06-21 1970-12-23 Prepakt Nv Method for attaching embankment or soil protection
FR2255803A5 (en) * 1973-12-19 1975-07-18 Porraz Jimenez
FR2297959A1 (en) * 1975-01-17 1976-08-13 Porraz Mauricio IMPROVEMENTS TO MODULAR ELEMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION OF HYDRAULIC AND SUBBAQUATIC WORKS
FR2320390A1 (en) * 1975-08-07 1977-03-04 Japan Port Consultants Ltd MARINE CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURE FORMED WITH FARMS AND HAVING A WIDE BASE
AT352639B (en) * 1976-03-26 1979-09-25 Gloessl Johann SHORE SHORING
FR2347492A1 (en) * 1976-05-14 1977-11-04 Labora Mauricio Woven cloth incorporating cells filled with ballast - used to protect underwater surfaces and pipes against corrosion and erosion
FR2352107A1 (en) * 1976-05-21 1977-12-16 Porraz J L Mauricio Modular element for hydraulic or underwater construction work - has plastics envelope filled by mortar under pressure and cylindrical guide holes with inflatable tubes

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0131312A2 (en) * 1983-07-12 1985-01-16 Hasso von Blücher High-water protection
EP0131312A3 (en) * 1983-07-12 1985-11-21 Hasso Von Blucher High-water protection
AU583488B2 (en) * 1983-07-12 1989-05-04 De Ruiter, Ernest Dr. High-water protection

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6013082B2 (en) 1985-04-05
FR2477194B1 (en) 1983-04-29
JPS56122406A (en) 1981-09-25
MX150272A (en) 1984-04-06

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