FR2565278A1 - ASSEMBLY OF BUILDING ELEMENTS FOR POST-STRENGTH WALL BUILDING - Google Patents

Abstract

SET OF CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS INCLUDING PARALELEPIPEDIC BLOCKS INTENDED TO BE LAYOUT SIDE BY SIDE AND SUPERIMPOSED FOR THE EDIFICATION OF CONSTRUCTION WALLS. THESE BLOCKS HAVE VERTICAL CHANNELS 2 THAT ARE LIKELY TO BE ARRANGED IN CONCORDANCE TO FORM VERTICAL CHIMNEYS EXTENDING THE ENTIRE HEIGHT OF THE WALLS. IN COMBINATION WITH THESE BLOCKS 1, POST-STRESS TENSIONS 12 ARE PROVIDED FOR, EACH LIKELY TO BE ARRANGED IN SUCH A VERTICAL CHIMNEY. EACH OF THESE TIE RODS INCLUDES AT ITS FOOT AN ANCHORING DEVICE 13 SUITABLE TO DEPLOY TO BE SUPPORTED AGAINST AN INSIDE SHOULDER OF THE LONGRINES 8 OF THE BASE OR AGAINST THE LOWER FACE OF BLOCKS 1 OF THE LOWER BED OF THE UNIT. FURTHERMORE, THE UPPER END OF EACH OF THESE TIE RODS IS PROVIDED WITH A TIGHTENING UNIT SUITABLE TO BE APPLIED, FROM TOP TO BOTTOM, ON THE TOP BED CONSTRUCTION BLOCKS, OR ON AN INTERMEDIATE SUPPORT ELEMENT 21. THESE ELEMENTS CAN BE USED FOR THE REALIZATION OF THE WALLS OF A RESIDENTIAL HOUSE OR ANY OTHER CONSTRUCTION.

Description

The present invention relates to the construction of building walls, by

  example of residential walls, from building blocks intended to be placed side by side

and superimposed.

  According to one of the techniques used, there is provided, in these blocks, one or more vertical channels extending

  all their height and intended to be placed in concordan-

  this during the assembly of the blocks to form vertical chimneys extending over the entire height of the walls made. It is thus possible to cast, inside these, concrete posts each having a

  reinforcement to support the corresponding loads

  pendent. However, the vertical chimneys thus formed can also serve for the realization of simple vertical elements

  of reinforced concrete chaining cast inside these

  Here, separate studs are provided.

  But in either case, it involves pouring on the spot concrete posts or elements of chaining. But this operation presents

  a number of difficulties and is relatively expensive.

  This is why the present invention aims to

  put the building of walls by assembling prefabricated blocks

  by mechanical means without the need to run on the spot

  columns or vertical elements of concrete chaining.

  For this purpose, the subject of the invention is a set of ele-

  construction elements comprising, in combination with prefabricated blocks provided with vertical channels, a series of post-tensioning tie rods which may each be arranged in a vertical chimney formed over the entire height

  of a wall built with such blocks, each of which

  An anchoring device capable of being deployed after placing the corresponding tie rod is supported to support, from bottom to top, against an inner shoulder of the sills of the base or against the underside of the

  blocks of the lower bed of the whole, or of another bed

  the upper end of each of these rods is provided with a clamping member adapted to be applied from top to bottom on the building blocks of the upper bed,

  or on an intermediate support element.

  Thus, after building a wall, it is possible to set up such tie rods in all the vertical chimneys formed by the blocks, or at least in some of them. This allows the wall to be powered all the way up, or part of it, so that it is

  able to support the charges exerted later on him.

  The tie rods thus provided thus ensure vertical chaining

  blocks used for building a wall.

  However, other features and advantages of

  seems of building elements according to the invention

  will appear in the following description. That-

  1 is a partial view in vertical section, along a median longitudinal plane, of a wall made by means of the construction elements according to the invention; Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view along the line II-II of Figure 1; FIG. 3 is a detailed sectional view, along the same plane as FIG. 1 but on a different scale for

  - represent the anchoring device provided at the lower end

  top of a vertical tie; Figure 4 is a detail view in vertical section

  representing the clamping means provided at the upper end

  of such a tie; Figures 5 to 8 are views similar to Figure 3 but which represent four modes of anchoring the lower end of the vertical tie rods; FIGS. 9 to 11 are also views similar to FIG. 3 but which represent three other forms of

  realization of the anchoring device provided at the lower end

  vertical tie rods; Figure 12 is a perspective view of one of the

  connecting members provided between two superimposed blocks.

  The building blocks 1 forming part of this set affect the shape of rectangular parallelepipeds and they

  can be cast in normal concrete cement and gravel.

  each of these blocks has at least two channels extending over its entire height and whose arrangement is such that, during the superposition of these, it is possible to place them in concordance to form vertical chimneys on

the entire height of the wall made.

  Thus in the example shown in Figures 1 and 2, each block 1 has three vertical channels 2 whose axes are arranged in the median longitudinal plane of each. One of these channels is located in the middle and the other two on both sides, equidistant. Under these conditions these blocks can be superimposed by performing a shift or "harpooning" between a bed and the next bed while obtaining the concordance of the channels 2 to form a series of vertical chimneys extending over the entire height of the wall made, as we

  can see from Figure 1.

  At its upper end, each of the channels presents

  an enlarged portion 3 forming a recess. This is intended

  born to receive the base of a positioning and

  semblage. As shown in FIG. 11, each of these assembly members has the shape of a hollow stud 4 comprising

  two distinct cylindrical parts 5 and 6 of different diameter

  The part 5 of larger diameter is intended to form the base of this assembly member and to be placed accordingly inside the chamber 3 provided at the upper end of a channel. 2 of a block 1 of a determined bed. Thus the upper part 6 of the assembly members 4, placed on hold on the blocks of such a bed, protrudes above them to engage in the lower end of the channels 2 of the

  blocks 1 placed above. This ensures both the positioning

  these blocks and their immobilisation in

a horizontal plane.

  The assembly pads 4 thus provided can be advanced

  tageusement manufactured by molding in a deformable plastic material, for example polyethylene. Their walls can then comprise a series of horizontal undulations, as

shown in Figure 11.

  In the example illustrated in Figures 1 and 2, the blocks 1 constituting the corresponding wall are disposed above a horizontal sill 8 concrete which can extend continuously over the entire length of the wall. Or this sill itself comprises a series of vertical channels 9 having the same spacing as the channels 2 of the blocks 1. Moreover, these channels 9 themselves comprise an enlargement

  3 at their upper end to receive a stud of

  appearance 4 to allow positioning and assembly

blocks 1 of the lower bed.

  However, at an intermediate point in their height, the vertical channels 9 of the sill 8 present another

  widening 10 which extends to their lower end.

  This widening thus determines a shoulder 11, located at mid-height, and which is intended to allow the anchoring of the tie rods placed inside the vertical chimneys

made in the wall.

  Each of these tie rods consists of a metal rod

  12 of length slightly greater than that of the wall made.

  At its lower end this rod carries a device of

  crage able to deploy, after setting up the corresponding tie rod, to take support, from the bottom up, against

  the shoulder 11 provided inside the sill 8.

  In the example shown in FIG. 3, this anchoring device is constituted by two fins 13 mounted freely

  pivoting about a horizontal axis 14 carried by the end

  lower tie rod 12. When engaging this tie rod inside a vertical chimney, these two fins 13 are folded against it, in the position shown in phantom in Figure 3. They slide then against the internal walls of the various vertical channels 9 in succession, by means of cutoffs 15 provided

  at their ends. Moreover, these cut sections ensure

  the desired folding of these fins during the commitment

  a pulling 12 in a vertical chimney.

  However, when the lower end of such a tie rod has reached the position shown in FIG. 3, these two fins 13 pivot automatically outwards simply by virtue of their own weight, and their ends are thus placed opposite to each other. shoulder 11. More exacta.eint this is another cut 16 of the ends of these fins which is then located opposite this shoulder,

as shown in Figure 3.

  The upper end of the tie rods 12 is provided with a clamping member which makes it possible to press the fins 13 of the lower gripping device against one shoulder.

  11 and turn on the entire wall made.

  In the example shown, this clamping member consists of a nut 17 screwed onto a thread 18 provided at the upper end of each tie rod 12. This nut is secured to

  of a support washer 19 and is further provided a counter

lock nut 20.

  Preferably, an intermediate support element is provided

  on the top edge of the realized wall. This element can

  sister in a horizontal stringer 21, of wood or other material

  appropriate, with a series of vertical channels 22

  the same spacing as the channels 2 of the blocks of con-

  truction 1. This smooth is positioned and immobilized on the top of the wall in the same way as the different beds of the building blocks, that is to say by means of studs

  4 assemblies previously arranged inside the chambers

  upper levels 3 of the blocks 1 of the upper bed of the

  corn. One can thus have, over the entire length of the same wall, a series of smooth 21 secured to each other.

  following the others by means of metal connectors.

  The assembly thus constituted ensures a horizontal chaining of the wall on its upper edge, while the longitudinal members

  8 of the basement ensure a horizontal link

zontal on the lower edge.

  As shown in Figure 1 it is possible to refrain from having tie rods 12 in all of the vertical chimneys constituted by the channels 2 of the blocks 1. Indeed it is sufficient to have enough tie rods to ensure vertical chaining with all blocks of the set. However it is also possible to have tie rods 12 in all the vertical chimneys thus formed. Turning on these tie rods ensures that

  not only the vertical chaining of the completed wall, but also

  to be able to withstand the subsequent efforts and burdens on him. But this result is obtained without the need to sink

  on the spot vertical chains or concrete posts.

  In this regard it should be noted that the establishment of vertical tie rods is extremely easy to achieve. Indeed

  it suffices to engage each of these in the upper extremity.

  top of a vertical chimney of the corresponding wall and

  slide it down until its

  The gripper is located below the bearing shoulder 11 provided therefor. At this moment the fins 13 of this gripping device are automatically deployed under the effect of their own weight, so that it is then sufficient to proceed to tightening by means of the nut 17 provided

for this purpose.

  However, as shown in FIG. 5, the device for gripping the tie rods 12 can be applied against the lower face of the blocks 1 of the lower bed of the assembly, instead of against the shoulder 11 provided in FIG. interior of the sills 8 of the base. For this purpose it is appropriate to place the lower end of the tie rods 12 at the level of the widening 3 of the upper end of the channel 9 of the corresponding sill 8. Thus, the fins 13 of the gripping device are deployed inside this widening for pressing upwards against the lower face of the corresponding block 1 of the lower bed.

from the whole.

  In the case where an assembly pad 4 is arranged to

  within the upper enlargement 3 of the vertical channels

  9 of the sill 8, the fins 13 of the gripping device

  page come to bear against the inner side of the shoulder-

  7 of the corresponding stud as shown in Figure 6. Indeed the presence of this pad does not interfere in any way

  the deployment and support of the gripping device 13.

  It should be noted that the lower agrip device

  page 13 of the tie rods 12 can also be hung at an intermediate point of the height of a wall to achieve a chaining extending only over part of this height. In such a case, simply place the

  gripping device 13 of the tie rod 12 corresponding to the inte-

  enlargement 3 located immediately below the block 1 of the bed against which this device must be supported. The fins 13 then deploy inside this widening, as shown in FIG.

  take support on the lower face of block 1 located

  above. In such a case an assembly member 4 can be placed inside this enlargement, as shown

in Figure 8.

  The gripping device, provided at the lower end of the tie rods 12, can then be made differently provided that it comprises members that can be deployed in their working position, either under the effect of their own weight, or under the effect of mechanical actuating means

or others.

  Thus, instead of pivoting fins 13, it would be possible to provide a single rocking plate likely to come into its working position under the effect of

his own weight.

  However, FIG. 9 represents another embodiment in which the gripping device 25, provided at the lower end of the corresponding pull rod 12a, is constituted by a small box containing two pistons 26 that can protrude under the action of springs. of thrust 27 so as to be able to bear against the inner shoulder 11 of the sills 8 of the base

  or against the underside of building blocks 1.

  Figure 10 shows another embodiment in which the corresponding tie rod 12b carries, at its lower end, a gripping device consisting of a

  tilting plate 28 mounted articulated around a horizontal axis

  Thus, after its descent into the inclined position shown in Figure 10, this plate automatically tends to rock as soon as it reaches below the level of the shoulders 11 provided for its attachment. It is then sufficient to pull up the tie rod 12b to apply this plate against these shoulders (position shown in phantom) and

then tighten.

  Figure 11 shows yet another embodiment of the tie rod anchoring device. In it, the lower end of the corresponding tie rod 12c carries projections 30 intended to anchor it in a mass 31 of sealant, such as concrete, mortar or other suitable product. This product is then injected through a transverse channel 32 formed in the blocks 1, and in the sill 8, below the level of the bearing shoulders 11. After solidification, the anchor block thus formed therefore bears on these shoulders which allows the clamping

corresponding tie rods.

  But again many other forms of

  realization can be envisaged for the device for agrip-

  page provided at the lower end of the vertical tie rods 12, the actuating means of the support members can

to be of various natures.

  In addition, instead of being constituted by rigid rods, the vertical tie rods could consist of stranded cables. In such a case the gripping device could be slidably mounted on each of these cables so as to be able to descend into its working position by

simple. gravity.

  On the other hand, the chaining system provided by the upper part could be realized differently. Thus it would be possible to use cast elements made of concrete, or even metal elements assembled together by welding or bolting, or connected plastic elements.

by any appropriate means.

  The building elements according to the invention can

  be used for the construction of the walls of a house of

  building or any other building or construction.

Claims (5)

  1 - Set of building elements comprising parallelepipedic blocks having one or more channels extending over their entire height and intended to allow the construction of walls by side-by-side arrangement and superposition of such blocks by forming vertical chaining chimneys extending over the entire height of the walls made, characterized in that in combination with these blocks (1), this set comprises post-stress rods (12), each of which can be arranged in a vertical chimney formed on the entire height of a wall erected by means of such blocks (1), each of these tie rods having at its foot an anchoring device (13, 25, 28) able to be deployed after placing the corresponding tie rod to take support, from below upwards, against an inner shoulder (11) of the longitudinal members (8) of the base or against the lower face of the blocks (1) of the lower bed of the assembly, or of another determined bed, but ant that the upper end of each of these tie rods is provided with a clamping member (17) adapted to be applied, from top to bottom, on the building blocks of the upper bed,   or on an intermediate support element (21).   2 - Set of building elements according to the claim   1, characterized in that the longitudinal struts (8) of   have vertical channels (9) having the same spacing as the vertical channels (2) of the blocks   (1), and these channels (9) have at least one enlargement   a downwardly directed shoulder and against which the anchoring device (13, 25, 28) carried by the lower end of the tie rods (12) can be supported.   3 - Set of building elements according to the claim   2, characterized in that the vertical channels (9)   longrins (8) of the underbody have two enlargements   respectively at their upper end and at an intermediate point in their height, the latter determining, in each channel, a shoulder (11) against which the anchoring device (13, 25, 28) can bear. a pull rod (12), while the widening   provided at the top allows to support the device of   anchoring the tie rods (12) against the underside of the   blocks (1) of the lower bed of a wall.   4 - Set of building elements according to one of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   intermediate support, provided at the upper end of a wall, consists of a rail (21), of wood or other   appropriate material, comprising a series of vertical channels   blocks having the same spacing as the channels (2) of the blocks (1) Set of building elements according to one of the   preceding claims, characterized in that the   gripping device carried by the lower end of each tie rod (12) comprises members able to deploy opposite the supporting shoulder provided for them and this, either under the effect of their own weight, under the effect of appropriate actuating means, mechanical or other.   6 -Set of building elements according to one of   preceding claims, characterized in that the   gripping device carried by the lower end of each tie rod (12c) is constituted by projections (30) intended to anchor it in a mass (31) of a sealant injected through a transverse channel (32) provided for this purpose in the blocks (1).