FR2468086A1 - DEVICE, PANEL AND METHOD FOR HEATING, REFRIGERATING, AIR-CONDITIONING OR CONTROLLING THE HUMIDITY OF AN INDUSTRIAL OR COMMERCIAL HABITAT - Google Patents

Abstract

Device and panel intended for heating, cooling, air conditioning or controlling the humidity of the interior environment of an industrial or domestic habitat and which can be associated in particular with an exterior wall of said habitat comprising an interior heat exchanger consisting of a heat exchange surface 4, heat transfer ducts 6 and a plate 5; an external heat exchanger consisting of a heat exchange surface 7, heat transfer ducts 9 and a plate 8; a thermal storage enclosure 3 connected to a plate 12 via heat transfer conduits II; the plates being connected by thermoelectric modules. Process for maintaining a volume at a predetermined temperature in which the heat transfers between said volume, the external environment, and a thermal storage enclosure are effected by means of a thermoelectric module.

Description

The present invention relates to a device, a panel that can be

  manufactured industrially and a process for

  heating, refrigeration, air conditioning or humidity control.

  the internal environment of an industrial or domestic habitat, and more generally to any fixed or mobile building, capable of maintaining

  preferably, said inner medium at a predetermined temperature.

  Extremely varied solutions of heat or cold supply in order to create a microclimate in which man, sensitive material or any other product is not subject to variations

  environmental extremes of the surrounding environment are already well known and

  to particular climates. However, a large number of solutions

  known require mechanical devices for the transfer of heat.

  their. These mechanical devices are expensive to implement and consume a lot of energy. In addition, they occupy

  large volumes and are hardly aesthetic.

  The object of the present invention is, in particular

  to remedy these disadvantages. Indeed, it avoids the use of

  any mechanical device for heat transfer.

  The device according to the present invention, for heating, refrigerating, air conditioning or moisture control of a volume such as an industrial or domestic habitat can be associated, in particular, with an external wall or any other element

construction of said habitat.

  This device comprises an integral heat exchanger

  in contact with the internal medium of said volume, an external heat exchanger in thermal connection with the external medium of said

  volume and a thermal storage enclosure.

  According to the present invention, the thermal storage chamber and the indoor heat exchanger are thermally connected by at least one thermoelectric module generating between its opposite faces a temperature difference when an electric current passes through it and the enclosure thermal storage and outdoor heat exchanger

  are also thermally connected by at least one thermoelectric module.

  According to one variant, the indoor heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are connected directly by said

  thermoelectric modules, successively.

  According to another variant, the external heat exchanger

  and the indoor heat exchanger are thermally

  at least one thermoelectric module, different from the previous ones.

  According to the present invention, said heat exchangers comprise at least one sealed heat transfer duct

  at its ends and filled with a heat transfer fluid or heat

  two-state carrier, a heat exchange surface and a platinum

  supporting the thermoelectric module associated with it and connected

  only one side of this module. It will be noted that said transmission conduit

  heat generation is thermally connected to said platen and said heat exchange surface so that the exchange between the module and the heat exchange surface can occur naturally in

both ways.

  According to the present invention, the storage enclosure

  thermally is preferably thermally connected to the thermo modules

  associated with at least one heat transfer conduit,

  a plate serving as a support for said thermoelectric modules

  the thermal connection between said conduit and the other side of said modules, the heat transfer between the thermal storage enclosure

  and this plate can be made in both directions.

  The device that has just been described therefore allows

  heat exchange between the interior volume of the house and

  tat and outside, directly, and between said volume and the thermal storage chamber and between the external environment and the thermal storage chamber via thermoelectric modules that allow

  in addition to controlling these heat transfers.

  In the case where it is desired to heat said volume or

  air conditioning, said outdoor heat exchanger is presented, pre-

  in the form of a solar collector whose structure and

  characteristics may be those of the sensors usually used.

  In an interesting variant, the device according to the present invention may take the form of a panel, this panel

  can be easily prefabricated.

  The panel according to the present invention, intended in particular for the construction and forming, preferably, at least partly an outer wall of an industrial or domestic building, fixed or

  mobile, and serving as a heating, cooling or

  including an indoor heat exchanger, an outdoor heat exchanger and a thermal storage

said exchangers.

  Said indoor heat exchanger comprises an inner heat exchange surface in contact with the internal environment

  said habitat, a platinum as well as a multiplicity of transmission conduits.

  heat generated thermally connected to said heat exchange surface

interior and said platen.

  Said external heat exchanger of said panel comprises an outer heat exchange surface in contact with the outside environment of said housing, a plate as well as a multiplicity of heat transfer ducts thermally connected to said surface

  external exchange and said platen.

  Said thermal storage enclosure arranged between

  said heat exchangers is thermally connected to an internal plate

  intermediate by a multiplicity of heat transfer ducts.

  According to a preferred embodiment, a multiplicity

  Thermoelectric modules thermally connect the platinum of the sample.

  interior and the intermediate stage and is worn by the latter.

  and a further multiplicity of thermoelectric modules

  mically the plate of the external exchanger and the intermediate plate

and is worn by them.

  Said heat transfer conduits used in

  the panel according to the present invention are arranged in such a way as to trans-

  heat the platens to heat exchange surfaces and reverse

  and the intermediate stage to the thermal storage

and vice versa.

  Said heat exchangers and said enclosure

  thermal storage of the panel according to the present invention are, preferably

  ence, separated by an insulating material.

  According to a variant, the external heat exchanger of the panel according to the present invention can be in the form of a solar collector, when it is necessary to bring heat

to the interior volume of the habitat.

  The device and the panel which have just been described

  implement the method according to the present invention.

  According to the present invention, the method for maintaining

  a volume at a predetermined temperature consists in carrying out a trans-

  heat generation between the volume and a thermal storage enclosure or vice versa via a thermoelectric module, and heat transfer between the thermal storage chamber and the outside

  or vice versa via thermoelectric modules

  LEMENT. According to the process according to the present invention, it is possible, preferably, to transfer heat between the volume and the external medium and vice versa via said

thermoelectric modules.

  According to the method of the invention, it is possible to interrupt the transfer of heat between said heat storage enclosure and the external medium when the temperature difference between the medium

  outside and the speaker reaches a predetermined value.

  According to the method according to the present invention,

  a heat transfer fluid is preferably used to carry out the trans-

  ferts of heat between said volume, said enclosure, the external environment,

  and said thermoelectric modules.

  In general, it should be noted that the coefficients

  performance of thermoelectric modules depend on time differences

  temperature between hot source and cold source. The smaller these differences are

  and the higher the performance coefficients are. We will therefore have

  Interference to use the thermal storage enclosure when temperature differences between the outdoor environment and the indoor environment

will be high.

  The present invention will be better understood in the study of a panel intended to form a heating element, refrigeration or humidity control according to the present invention and described by way of non-limiting example and illustrated by the drawing. in which Figure I shows, in section through a horizontal plane, a panel capable of being prefabricated and forming an air conditioning element;

  and FIG. 2 is an external elevation view.

  tion of the heat transfer device of the panel shown on the

figure 1.

  The panel shown in the figures intended for

  special to construction and capable of forming at least in part an exterior wall of an industrial or commercial building and capable of serving as a heating, cooling or air conditioning element in the environment

  interior of said habitat is substantially in the form of a parallel

  lélépipède. The panel comprises an indoor heat exchanger generally indicated by the reference numeral 1, an external heat exchanger generally indicated by the reference numeral 2 and a thermal storage enclosure 3 disposed between the indoor heat exchanger I

  and the outer heat exchanger 2 inside the panel.

  The inner heat exchanger I comprises an inner heat exchange surface 4 forming, in the example shown, a portion of the inner face of the panel so as to be in contact with the interior volume of said housing, a plate 5 disposed at adjacent one end of the panel and substantially vertically and a plurality of heat transfer conduits 6 arranged substantially in

  a vertical plane capable of effecting a thermal connection between the

  inner exchange face and the plate 5 in both directions. The ducts 6 are sealed at their ends and comprise inside a fluid

  two-state coolant. In the example shown, the transmission ducts

  6 are arranged substantially horizontally, one end

  of these ducts penetrating inside the plate 5 while the machine

  part of their length is in contact with the exchange surface

  4 in order to create a good heat exchange between this

  internal exchange face 4 and the coolant.

  The external heat exchanger comprises an external heat exchange surface 7 intended to be in contact with the medium

  exterior of the building and forming part of the outer surface of the building

  water, a plate 8 disposed substantially vertically in the vicinity of the same end of the panel as the plate 5 of the heat exchanger

  I and a multiplicity of heat transfer ducts

  their 9 disposed substantially in a vertical plane and capable of thermally connecting the outer heat exchange surface 7 and the plate 8 in both directions. In the example shown, the heat transfer ducts 9 are arranged horizontally. They are sealed at both ends and comprise inside a heat transfer fluid in two states, one end of said ducts penetrating the plate 8 while a good part of their length is in contact with the external heat exchange surface 7 in order to create a good heat exchange between

  this surface 7 and the coolant.

  The ducts 6 and 9 are respectively connected to the heat exchange surfaces 4 and 7, inside, by known means.

  such as screeds or welds or any other suitable means.

  In the example shown, the thermal storage chamber 3 is in the form of a tank at least partially filled with water 10. A multiplicity of heat transfer ducts II sealed at their ends, comprising inside a heat transfer fluid with two states and arranged substantially horizontally penetrates widely inside the thermal storage chamber 3, their

  outer ends penetrating into an intermediate plate 12

  placed between the plates 5 and 8, substantially vertically. The ducts II allow a transfer of heat, in both directions, between the water 10

  of the thermal storage chamber 3 and the intermediate plate 12.

  The intermediate plate 12 is thermally connected on the one hand to the plate 5 of the indoor heat exchanger I by a multiplicity of thermoelectric modules 13 and on the other hand to the plate 8 of the external heat exchanger 2 by a multiplicity thermoelectric modules 14, thermoelectric modules capable of generating a temperature difference between their faces when traversed by a current. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the thermal storage enclosure 3 is separated from the indoor heat exchangers and

  outside I and 2 by an insulating material 15.

  In addition, the panel includes a support structure

  schematically represented at 16, the elements forming the

  geurs being mounted on this structure 16 by known means and adequately. The structure 16 may also comprise means, not shown, for associating the panel with the other elements

  forming the outer wall of the habitat.

  We will now describe the essential modes of

  operation of the panel shown.

  The panel can be used either as a heating element

  gh as a cooling element. In the case of a heating panel, it is very advantageous that the external heat exchanger 2 is in the form of a solar collector, the heat exchange surface 7 having in this case the characteristics of shape and structure a

classic solar collector.

  Let's put ourselves first in the case of a heating panel.

  Solar radiation captured by the heat exchanger

  2 can be transferred by means of the heat transfer ducts.

  their 9 to the plate 8 and, through the thermoelectric modules

  14 to the intermediate plate 12. From there, the heat can be trans-

  internal environment of said habitat through the thermoelectric modules 13, ducts 6 and the exchange surface 4, and the water 10 of the thermal storage enclosure 3 via the transfer conduits heat 11, the heat can be transmitted only to the thermal storage chamber 3 if the desired thermal level of the indoor environment of the habitat is reached. During the periods

  without sun, the interior environment of the habitat is heated thanks to the energy

  thermal energy accumulated in the thermal storage enclosure 3, the

  thermoelectric dules 13 letting the heat through if the heat level

  in the thermal storage enclosure is sufficient or acting as a heat pump if the thermal level in the storage enclosure

thermal is insufficient.

  The regulation of heat transfer can be ob-

  maintained by a regulating device, preferably electronic, no

  represented, able to act on the currents passing through the thermo modules.

  In particular, during sunny periods, if the thermal level of the inner environment of said habitat is reached, the current flowing through the thermoelectric modules 13 will be such that it will create

  a temperature difference between the opposite faces of the thermoelectric modules

  13 corresponds to the difference in temperature between the plate 5 and the intermediate plate 12 so that there will be no heat transfer between

  these turntables. During periods without sunlight, thermoelectric modules

  14 will be crossed by a current such as the difference in temperature

  between their opposite faces is permanently equal to the temperature difference

  between platinum 8 and platinum 12 so that there will be no heat transfer between these plates. It is also preferable that, during periods of low sunlight, the modules 14 create a thermal barrier when the temperature difference between the enclosure and the external environment becomes too great, to the disadvantage of the external environment, in order to limit consumption. of electrical energy-due to

  operation of the thermoelectric modules 14 in a heat pump.

  Let's stand now in the case where the panel

  is used as an element of refrigeration of the internal environment of the

  bitat. This refrigeration is relative to the heating

  simply by reversing the direction of the current through the thermo modules

  electric. The thermoelectric modules are therefore traversed by a current so as to effect heat transfer from the interior environment

  from habitat to the outside environment.

  In order to minimize the energy consumption

  For a given cooling production, the thermoelectric modules operate at night, so that they cool at the same time the volume to be conditioned and the thermal storage, under small temperature differences. During the day, the heat taken in the inner environment, instead of giving it directly to the outside environment, is preferably accumulated in the thermal storage chamber 3, which heat will be

  transferred to the outside environment during the following night.

  In the same way as in the case of the heating panel

  fant, we can provide a regulating device, preferably electro-

  which will be able to modulate the electric currents passing through the thermoelectric modules 13 and 14 so as to maintain the desired level of cold while minimizing the consumption of electrical energy.

  thanks to storage, the modules can also play the role of bar-

  between the turntables thanks to a suitable electric current

nable.

  The present invention is not limited to the example described above and the modes of operation mentioned. Indeed,

  the solution proposed to solve the problems of heating, cooling

  gerration or air conditioning has the advantage of being easily scalable in power, shape and size, so as to adapt to the climatic conditions of the site where the installation is located, these climatic conditions can be extremely variable. In many cases, the proposed solution will remove any other element

heating or refrigeration.

  Note further that the realization of the storage enclosure can not be limited to one or more tanks containing water. We can indeed provide another device or a client of

  storage made of a solid mass such as brick or other material.

Claims (11)

  1. Device for heating, cooling, air-conditioning or humidity control of the indoor environment of an industrial or domestic dwelling and which may be associated in particular with an exterior wall of the dwelling, characterized in that it comprises an indoor heat exchanger in contact with the interior environment of said habitat, an external heat exchanger in thermal connection   with the external environment of said habitat and a thermal storage cabinet   the thermal storage enclosure and the heat exchanger   wherein the thermoelectric module is thermally connected by generating at least one thermoelectric module between its opposite faces a temperature difference when an electric current passes therethrough and the thermal storage chamber and the external heat exchanger are also thermally connected.   by at least one thermoelectric module.   2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the external heat exchanger and the heat exchanger   inside are thermally connected by at least one thermoelectric module.   cudgel. 3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indoor heat exchanger and the external heat exchanger are thermally connected by said thermoelectric modules successively.   4. Device according to any one of the claims   characterized in that said heat exchangers comprise at least one heat transfer duct sealed at its ends and filled with a two-state heat transfer or heat transfer fluid, a heat exchange surface and a platen serving of support for the associated thermoelectric module and thermally connected to a   face of this module, said heat transfer conduit being thermally connected   said platinum and said heat exchange surface of   such that the exchange between the module and the heat exchange surface   that can be done naturally in both directions.   5. Device according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized in that the thermal storage chamber is thermally connected to the associated thermoelectric modules by at least one heat transfer conduit, a plate serving as a support for said thermoelectric modules establishing the thermal connection between   said conduit and the other face of said modules.   6. Device according to any one of the claims   preceding, characterized by the fact that said external heat exchanger   is in the form of a solar collector.   7. Panel intended in particular for construction and forming at least in part an exterior wall of an industrial housing or   and serving as a heating, cooling or   matization, characterized in that it comprises an indoor heat exchanger comprising an inner heat exchange surface in contact with the inner environment of said habitat and forming at least in part the   the inside of the panel, a platinum and a multiplicity of con-   heat transfer charges thermally connected to said heat exchange surface and said platen; an external heat exchanger comprising an outer heat exchange surface in contact with the   outer environment of said habitat and forming at least in part the outer face of   of the panel, a plate and a multiplicity of   heat transfer thermally connected to said heat exchange surface   outer layer and said platen; a thermal storage chamber disposed between said heat exchangers and thermally connected to an intermediate plate by a multiplicity of transfer ducts   heat; a multiplicity of thermoelectric modules connecting ther-   mically the plate of the inner heat exchanger and the intermediate plate and being carried by them, and another multiplicity of thermoelectric modules thermally connecting the plate of the outer heat exchanger and the intermediate plate and being carried by them; said heat transfer conduit being arranged to transfer the heat of the plates to the heat exchange surfaces and vice versa and the intermediate plate to the thermal storage chamber and vice versa. 8. Panel according to claim 7, characterized in that said heat exchangers and said storage enclosure   are separated by an insulating material.   9. Panel according to one of claims 7 and 8,   characterized in that said heat transfer conduits are arranged horizontally.   10. Panel according to any one of the claims   7 to 9, characterized in that the outdoor heat exchanger   present in the form of a solar collector.   He. Method for maintaining a volume at a predetermined temperature, characterized in that a transfer of   heat between the volume and a thermal storage enclosure through   thermoelectric modules and a transfer of heat between the thermal storage chamber and the external environment of said volume   via thermoelectric modules.   12. Process according to claim 11, characterized in that a heat transfer is carried out between the volume and the external medium via said thermoelectric modules.   13. Method according to one of claims II and 12,   characterized by the fact that the heat transfer between said heat storage enclosure and the external environment is interrupted when the temperature difference between the external environment and the enclosure reaches a predetermined value.   14. Process according to any one of the claims   11 to 13, characterized by the fact that a coolant is used to effect the heat transfer between said volume, said enclosure,   the external medium and said thermoelectric modules. "