FR2511133A1 - SOLAR ENERGY COLLECTOR WITH INTEGRATED HEAT ACCUMULATOR AND RADIATOR - Google Patents

Abstract

THIS DEVICE INCLUDES A TRANSPARENT COVER 1, A MATERIAL 2 ABSORBING SOLAR ENERGY, A PASSAGE OR INTERVAL 4 OF FREE AIR CIRCULATION BETWEEN THE COVER AND THE COLLECTOR, AN INSULATING WALL 5, A VOLUME 13 OF PHASE CHANGE MATERIAL 8 , WITH FREE CIRCULATION OF THE FLUID IN A CLOSED CIRCUIT AND AT LEAST ONE VALVE 6 OR CONTROL FLAP WITH BIMETALLIC BLADE; THE INTERIOR WALL 9 OF THE VOLUME IS FREELY COVERED WITH A RADIATION SURFACE 10 WHICH IS MECHANICALLY ATTACHED TO IT BY METAL SUPPORTS 12.

Description

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  The present invention relates to collectors

  of solar energy with integrated heat accumulator and radiator.

  The use of solar energy for heating

  fage of a structure was applied in many forms, until the current energy crisis, heating by the sun for the additional supply of a building with energy does

has not proven to be competitive.

  The increase in the cost of energy at the same time as its deficiency now make this use competitive in residential and commercial constructions Even in the current situation under new conditions, many known devices for converting solar energy into heat

  require large collectors or reflectors which are continuous-

  exposed to the elements and are therefore subject to degradation.

tion over time.

  A low heat, from 20 to 300 C, is enough to establish a comfortable working and living atmosphere, ensuring that this heat can be diffused by a sufficiently large surface in the space to be heated. The concentrated and conserved solar energy at these temperature levels in the exterior walls of buildings could effectively contribute to heating

  space and / or reduction of heat loss to the environment-

  outside, when the room is conventionally heated from the inside. There are already many experimental procedures

  solar heating with heat accumulation in exterior walls

  laughing of constructions The best known in Great Britain under the brand "Trombe wall" is in its simplest form a brick or concrete wall with transparent cover The external surface of this wall is suitably treated for radiation absorption solar energy, the collected heat being stored in

  the wall and used to heat a whole room or reduce it

  tion of the usual heat losses from this room to the outside Various modifications have been proposed to improve the thermal capacity of the wall, for example by adding volumes of water to it, with or without materials of latent accumulation, or by improved heat transfer to the storage element

or the heated volume.

  Circulation systems, passive or accelerated

  air, fluid or air have been added as well as thermal insulation between the solar collector and the storage part,

  in order to increase the total yield of the device.

  Artificial shade is provided in hot season by blinds or sliding panels Cooling in the night hours of a hot season is very limited with these

devices.

  As a consequence of the above observations, the invention relates to a new device for modular panels

  of walls, applicable to both existing and new constructions

  jetties, private, commercial and / or industrial, combining the characteristics of solar collectors, thermal accumulators and radiators The imperative prerequisites of this device are

  the full autonomy of each unit, i.e. absence of power

  mentation of auxiliary energy or motor elements and thus eliminating installation and maintenance costs, operating expenses, which is automatic, without supervision and using automatic controllers, a fixed cover to make the device inactive in season hot, easily accessible for replacement of the accumulation material after its lifetime and preferably using a collector material

  with effective thermal insulation characteristics.

  This new device includes wall modules

  independent and of suitable dimensions, presenting the characteristics

  following features: classic transparent exterior cover; a solar collector preferably having good thermal insulation characteristics desirable for the economy of the losses of

  heat; the air contained in the device being the trans-

  heat fert, thermostatic valves for automatic control of this fluid, suitably insulated fluid conduits coming and going from the accumulator, which constitute the interior

from the wall and serve as radiators.

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  The accumulation volume is filled with a granular material with high thermal capacity within the limits of 20 to C, preferably a phase change material in capsules, having a high density of energy accumulation for a low oscillation. temperature; voids between granules cons-

  tituant air ducts thus ensuring a closed circuit of trans-

  heat fert with said collector.

  The surface of the accumulation container, facing the volume to be heated, is extended to ensure transfer

  optimal heat, and can be adapted to aesthetic needs

  tick. The objects and advantages of the invention will be better

  understood using the following description of a pre-

  féré of realization, and attached drawings in which: Figure 1 is a schematic vertical section of a principle device; and

  Figure 2 is a vertical section of the exterior wall

  laughter equipped with the building of use.

  See Figure 1, a transparent cover

  rent 1 of glass or plastic which protects the interior from the external environment and a surface 2 of thermal insulation of the solar collector, having a dark color, which covers a volume 3 containing a lining of salts with characteristics of

  phase change (MCP) accumulating heat Between this over-

  side 2 and the transparent cover 1, an inter-

  valle 4 which allows air circulation by convection.

  In Figure 2 is shown an insulator 5 which can be either an existing wall, with through holes 7 allowing the circulation of the heat transfer fluid (air) A shutter

  or valve 6 with bimetallic blade can best control the cir-

  culation and, on the inner side of the insulation, is arranged a

  volume 3 filled with phase change material 8.

  This material 8 consists of salt in spheroidal capsules. The interior side 9 of the volume 3 is covered with a surface 10 of radiation, turned towards the chamber II and which is parallel to the face 9, being held by metal supports 12

  which also constitute heat transfer bridges.

  Due to the spheroidal shape of the capsules, voids for circulation of the fluid are reserved in volume 3, so that the heat exchange is ensured between this fluid (air) and

capsules.

  The advantages of the new device are to be able to substitute modular sections for the external walls of new constructions without requiring reinforcements, the weight of the element of the device corresponding substantially to that of conventional materials; in the application to existing constructions, the insulation material of the collector increases the economy of heat losses, in addition to the thermal gains of the device; the circulation fluid being unconditioned air, does not cause any expense; the device is thermostatically controlled and

  - requires practically no maintenance or perioperative interventions

  labor policies; MCP operating with very small deviations of

  temperatures, the device can also cool

volume.

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Claims (4)

  1 Device integrating a collector and an accumulator   solar energy generator, characterized in that it comprises a cover   transparent structure (1), a material (2) absorbing solar energy, a passage or interval (4) of free circulation of fluid between the cover and the collector, an insulating wall (5), a volume (3) of material (8) phase change with free circulation of the fluid in a closed circuit and at least one valve (6), or control flap, with a bimetallic strip; the interior wall (9) of the volume being freely covered with a surface (10) of radiation which   is mechanically attached by metal supports (12).   2 Device according to claim 1 wherein the volume of the phase change material consists of elements spheroidals filled with salt.   3 Device according to claim 1 or 2 in   which said valve or valves are actuated by solar radiation.   4 Device according to claim 1 or 2 wherein   the said valve or valves are actuated manually.   Device according to any one of the claims   previous wherein said radiator surface supports   constitute heat transfer bridges.