FI118795B - Peeling arrangement in a woodworking machine - Google Patents

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a peeling arrangement in a wood handling apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a peeling arrangement 5 can be utilized in mobile machines, for example a single- or two-speed harrow or a forestry machine harvester head, as well as in stationary woodworking machines. The main function of the exfoliation step according to the invention is to facilitate the removal of the bark when treating the tree trunk in a wood treatment device.

10 As such, it is known to implement wood-moving machinery by means of forest machines, such as harvesters and forwarders, in accordance with the so-called sorting method. The harvester used in the method usually comprises at least an off-road platform on which a lifting boom or loader is arranged to be pivotable and movable. A wood handling device such as a harvester head is supported at the end of this lifting boom or bark loader.

The harvesting head used for harvesting according to the present method typically comprises at least the means for cutting, felling, pruning and measuring the wood.

However, several structures are also known from such a harvesting head, especially for different types of wood, for work tasks or for operating conditions. One particular example in this context is the use of specially-built feed rollers, which are present in some felling heads and are designed to enhance the bark: V of some wood species, whose frictional surface design is to facilitate wood rotation during pruning and barking: ***. On the other hand, various knife and nail-like cutters have been applied to split the tree bark in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk, and such a device for removing the tree bark from the wood to be treated is disclosed in WO 92/13686.

'* "* However, when using these devices, it has been found that the knife blade, fixed to the body of the harvester head 30 or, for example, to the pruning blade,: Because of such a rotatable, axially (· (35 rotatable), the cutting roller has i * i: perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wood, In these peeling applications, as described above, the aim is to rotate the felling head between the feed members to achieve the most complete effect on the wood surface, it has been found that the cutting roll prevents or hinders the rotation of the wood In addition, the cutting roll, whose axis of rotation is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk, tends to break the bark, and possibly also the wood under the bark, whereby harvested timber is at risk of damage to the harvest.

Brief Description of the Invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a peeling arrangement 10 in a woodworking device such that a completely novel solution to the above-mentioned problems of prior art is provided. This object is achieved in that the peeling arrangement has the features defined in the claims according to the present invention.

More specifically, this peeling arrangement according to the invention is essentially characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the invention are claimed in the dependent claims.

Accordingly, the invention is based on the idea that a member adapted to cut the bark surface substantially longitudinally is arranged in a position relative to the longitudinal axis of the wood such that when the wood rotates in the wood processing device, the body adapted to cut the bark

In a preferred embodiment of the peeling arrangement of the invention, the member adapted to cut the bark is, for example, adjustable at an angle of about 45 ° to the translational movement of the tree trunk, i.e. the displacement along the longitudinal axis of the tree. With the body in this position, ··· ·; experimentally, it has been found to be sufficiently resistant to the rotation of the wood ···, ***. so as not to adversely affect the handling of the wood or the underside of the bark.

On the other hand, the member adapted to cut the bark of the wood may also be thought to be pivotally mounted on the frame in the woodworking device with respect to at least one rotational axis. In this way, the body is provided with a rotational movement controlled by the movement of the tree trunk, which preferably moves the member relative to the longitudinal axis of the tree trunk which substantially corresponds to the tree trunk. \ 35 the current direction of rotation of the wood surface. In practice, the body adapted to cut the bark of the wood then follows a substantially screw-like spiral path drawn by the viewing surface of the wood surface. The body adapted to cut the bark of the tree draws a screw-like path in the bark of the tree, the rise of which depends on the wood's transition speed, i.e. translation, and the rotation speed, which together form the viewing point motion vector.

The member adapted to cut the bark of the wood is oriented in the direction of the motion vector generated on the surface of the wood and minimizes resistance to the rotational movement of the wood while minimizing the need for power and / or power resulting from using the peeling arrangement. In this way, the total force and / or power required to treat the wood can be minimized.

To minimize damage to the wood of the wood to be treated, the body adapted to cut the bark may also be adapted to be removable from contact with the wood, for example when the treated wood has to be reversed at the wood processing device. By detaching the body adapted to cut the bark from its contact with the tree trunk, unnecessarily high loads are exerted on the body, for example, when reversing the tree. In this way, the life cycle of the present peeling scheme can be extended.

In this way, the solution according to the invention achieves an essential objective which is placed side by side, that is, the wood material itself remains intact and yet the bark can be removed as completely as possible.

Further, the rotational movement of the body adapted to cut the bark of the present barking arrangement can be adapted to be actively controlled, for example by a hydraulic motor. In this way, the cutting of the bark of the wood is significantly improved because it is easier to cut the longitudinal filaments in the bark of the wood. Cutting the threads for more effective ··· 1 · 1. at the same time facilitates the decomposition of the bark removed from the tree into smaller, lighter bombs and faster decaying parts. In addition, such smaller bark waste is easier to handle when transported as well as, for example, in incinerator conveyors.

4 118795 with cleaning or cleaning tools against which the body is cleaned even more effectively.

Further, with the ability to move the body adapted to cut the tree bark and to and from contact with the tree bark, ai-5 provides a wood handling device, such as a felling head, which can also handle trees whose bark must not be removed or damaged. Since both debarking and only conventional pruning operations can be performed with the same machine, time-consuming and laborious installation operations on the wood handling machine can be avoided.

Other advantages of the invention are also set forth below, when specific embodiments of the invention have been described in more detail.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the following, some preferred embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the position of Fig. 3 is a front view of the member according to Fig. 2 with the member in the disengaged position, ß V: Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of a member adapted to cut the bark of the tree, the member being · 1 · 25 in a position removed from the surface of the wood, ···:. *. Fig. 5 shows another alternative embodiment! "·, front view of the bark being cut from the body adapted to cut the tree bark, · · · in a position disengaged from the surface of the wood, *** Fig. 6 shows a third alternative embodiment Fig. 7 shows a plurality of disc-shaped cutting members connected to the peeling arrangement, Fig. 8 shows a supporting means present in the peeling arrangement. a plurality of knife cutting members connected, 118795 in Fig. 9 is an axonometric view of a peeling arrangement for the structure and guidance of a member adapted to cut a tree bark, Fig. 10 is an axonometric alternative peeling arrangement for a tree bark to cut the body adapted to cut r 11, and Fig. 11 is an axonometric view of a tree and a bark cutting member disposed thereon.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

Some preferred embodiments of the present peeling arrangement are described below with reference to the above figures. In this case, the peeling arrangement comprises the components designated by reference numerals in the figures, which correspond to the reference numerals used in this specification.

As noted in the introduction to this specification, it is customary to implement harvesting by machine using various forest machines such as harvesters and forwarders. These are not specifically shown in the present figures. When harvesting wood in accordance with the so-called cut-to-length method, the tree is felled, the tree trunk is pruned and the trunk is further cut into pieces of suitable length. In some cases, wood pieces are also sought to be stripped to facilitate post-treatment or improve durability.

20 For example, a forestry machine used for harvesting can be equipped with a special lifting boom or loader. This, in turn, supports, pivots, and moves the wood handling device 1, such as the film shown in Figure 1; one embodiment of the harvester head. However, it is known to prune and prune wood with a variety of devices not specifically disclosed herein.

: In some cases felled and pruned wood is also wanted to be barked:: this can be done either when felling the tree or in a separate ···. * ··. operation. The woodworking equipment used for felling as well as some other woodworking equipment fitted to a mobile or stationary base can be used for this exfoliation.

The present peeling arrangement is described herein in a wood treatment apparatus, typically comprising at least the treatment means for cutting, pruning, pruning and measuring wood 2. The frame 3 in the woodworking apparatus according to Fig. ·! **: 1 thus comprises a cutter. 35 wings 4, measuring roll 5, feed rollers 6, movable pruning blades 7 and fixed pruning blades 8.

118795 When treating wood in the wood processing device 1, the wood 2 is usually provided with a translational movement along both its longitudinal axis 9 and a rotational movement about the longitudinal axis. This rotational movement can be a by-product of the treatment, whether created in the wood or by special means provided in the wood treatment device 5.

In addition to the aforesaid treatment means 4-8, the present wood treatment device 1 is provided with a peeling arrangement 10 having an element 13 extending to the surface 11 of the controlled wood 2 and adapted to cut bark 12 on the surface of the wood. forming a trace of the bark of the tree, the increase of which depends on the wood's transition speed, i.e. translation, and the rotation speed, i.e. rotation, prevailing during the particular working situation. To provide such a trace on the bark, the member adapted to cut the bark is specifically arranged to be at an angle 15 with respect to the longitudinal axis 9 of the tree such that such angle α substantially corresponds to the direction vector of the wood surface 11 obtained by the translator and rotational movements. However, the angle α can also be chosen such that it deviates slightly from the direction of the motion vector, thereby providing the tree bark with its releasing force effect.

Most preferably, the member 13 adapted to cut the bark 12 of the wood 2 is arranged substantially integral with the wood handling device 1, in particular its frame 3. The cutting member then forms a fixed angle α of 25 to 55 ° with respect to the longitudinal axis 9 of the wood. In practical experiments, the angle v: is specifically selected to be about 45 °.

In this context, the fixed installation of a member 13 adapted to cut the bark of a tree primarily means that the barking step 10 with its cutting members is substantially stationary in the wood processing device. I do with the frame. However, it is possible to install the cutting element on the wood. ···. movably so that it can be moved substantially in the radial direction of 30 cross-sections of the wood. In this case, the cutting member is movable relative to the surface 11 of the wood to be treated in the woodworking device, moving * ..] toward or apart from the wood surface. Such transfer can be accomplished, for example, by the embodiments of the attached figures, wherein the member is connected to the woodworking device by a joint 14 of at least one degree of freedom to allow the member to be lifted from the tree. On the other hand, it is possible to control. a movement path of the body by a special actuator acting directly or on the body for this purpose via a parallelogram arrangement known per se. Such an actuator preferably comprises a pressurized fluid cylinder, such as a hydraulic cylinder.

With the cutting member 13 in the peeling arrangement 10 being displaceable substantially in the radial direction of the cross-section of the wood 2, the force exerted by the wood on the bark 12 can also be advantageously adapted to be adjusted. In this case, the force is preferably adjustable by means of a pressure medium actuator, for example an actuator for controlling the radial movement of the cutting member's wood.

To define the trajectory of the body 2 adapted to cut the bark of wood 2 as desired, for example to more closely correspond to the actual trajectory of the wood surface 11, the cutting body may also be provided with more than one joint, or multiple degrees of freedom. This allows both the movement of the member in a substantially radial direction of the wood and the rotation of the member to adapt to the rotation of the wood.

An articulation and actuator arrangement of a member 13 adapted to cut the bark 12 of the tree 2 is shown in Fig. 9. In this figure, a cutting member can be disposed which is preferably pivotally disposed at the end of the cutting arm 15. Such a shear arm is connected to the pivot axis 16 by a joint 17 of at least one degree of freedom. The rotating movement of the cutting arm has the cutting element alternately: ·: · * adjustable at different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the wood. In the embodiment of Figure 25, control of the pivot shaft is accomplished by an actuator 19 using the pivoting arm 18 attached thereto, however, the control can be implemented in a manner known to one skilled in the art.

»·« ·: The present figures show at least two different embodiments of the body 13 adapted to cut the bark of wood. Accordingly, the figures 1-4 and 9 and 10 show a member arranged substantially to:. a disk-like device. Such a disk-like device is preferably mounted φ ♦ · I · .., rotatably on a supporting frame supporting it, thus being rotatable with respect to the wood surface. For example, in Fig. 9, a disk-like means is connected to a cutting arm 15 constituting a support body through a connecting shaft 20.

·: ··: 35 However, there is nothing to prevent the disc-shaped device from being attached to a support; * ·, Also substantially rigid in its body.

• · * · * · · t · · • • • ♦ • »· 8 118795

When such a disk-like device is shaped, the cutting member can also be adapted to be actively guided so that, for example, a rotary movement of the cutting arm relative to the cutting arm is achieved in the device. Such active rotational movement of the cutting member facilitates the cutting of the shell 5, for example, by cutting the longitudinal strands of the shell. The rotational speed of the disk-like device can then be adjusted and the shape of its outer periphery selected to be more efficiently cut or even ejected.

On the other hand, Figs. 5 and 6 show a cutting member 13 arranged to comprise a substantially knife-like means. The cutting member of Figure 5 is arranged to be pivotable with respect to its pivot axis 16 forming the support body, while the cutting member of Figure 6 is arranged substantially rigidly on its pivot axis.

Although the cutting member 13, for example in the embodiment 15 shown in Fig. 9, is adapted to be substantially freely pivotable in accordance with the movements of the surface 11 of the wood 2, it is of course also possible to actively rotate the member. Such an embodiment is shown in Fig. 10, in which the actuator 21 - in this case a hydraulic cylinder - is arranged to control the angle α of the cutting member relative to the surface of the wood.

The attached figures generally only illustrate an embodiment and having a single member 13 adapted to cut the bark of the wood. However, there is nothing to prevent the wood handling device 1 having peeling arrangements 10 or more than one cutting member. The members may then be arranged on the same connecting shaft 20 as shown in Figure 7 or on different connecting shafts. The connecting shafts in the different peeling arrangements 10 may also have different ·· * number of cutting members. On the other hand, one or more fixed blades may be mounted on the same support frame as shown in Figure 8.

: To be attached to the frame 3 of the woodworking platform 1 described above ···. * ··. in addition to the member 12 adapted to cut the bark 12 of the wood 2, the member may equally be arranged on a fixed peeling knife 8 or ... a peeling knife 7 moving relative to the body.

* ... with the body 13 adapted to cut the bark of wood being adapted to rotate with respect to the longitudinal axis 9 of the wood 2, it preferably comprises stops for limiting the rotation of the body to an area in accordance with the above. for example, at an angle of 25 to 55 ° to the longitudinal axis of the tree. Such restraints. for example, mechanical inhibitors for limiting the movement of the cutting arm 15 to limit movement of the cutting arm 15 in the joint 17. One such embodiment of the restraint is distinguishable in Fig. 9, where the pin 23 fitted to the slot 22 controls the movements of the cutting arm extreme limits.

The movement of the member 13 adapted to cut the bark 12 of the wood 2 may also be controlled or damped by the spring member in a manner known per se. The use of a pressure medium actuator in combination with a spring member for this purpose is also contemplated.

It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that as technology advances, the basic idea of the above method and the peeling arrangement which implements it can be implemented in many different ways. The disclosed solution and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above, but may vary within the scope of the claims.

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Claims (20)

A peeling arrangement (10) of a tree handling device (1) which has feeding means (6), the peeling arrangement comprising a member (13) arranged to the tree handling device extending to the surface (11) of a tree (2) operated in the device , which means is arranged to cut the bark (12) exhibited by the tree, characterized in that the means (13) arranged to cut the bark (12) of the tree (12) is arranged to make a cut in the bark of the tree which shows an angle (a) opposite a longitudinal axis (9) of the tree, such that this angle (a) corresponds substantially to a direction angle of a motion vector of the surface of the tree (11), which motion vector constitutes a combination of the translation of the tree and its rotation. Peel arrangement (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the tree handling device (1) comprises a harvester assembly of a forest machine, which harvester assembly comprises at least feeding and cutting means (4, 6). Peel arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means (13) arranged to cut the bark (12) of the tree (2) is arranged substantially stationary to the tree handling device (1). 4. Peel arrangement (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree is: v arranged to the tree handling device (1) with a joint of at least one degree of freedom (14), for to allow a lift of the member from the surface (11) of the tree (2). · # · 5. Scaling arrangement (10) according to claim 4, characterized in! characterized in that the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree are: - *: arranged to the tree handling device (1) with two joints (14, 17) of at least ·· *. both allow a lift of the member from the surface of the tree (2) and (11) and a rotation of the member for an adaptation to the movement of the surface of the tree. Peel arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, **: * characterized in that the member (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree is arranged to comprise a substantially pulley-shaped member. *: ··: 7. Peel arrangement (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the pulley-shaped member (13) is arranged to be rotatable relative to the surface (11) of the tree (2). • · • M 118795 The scaling arrangement (10) according to claim 7, characterized in that the rotation of the pulley member (13) is arranged to be actively maneuverable. Peel arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree is arranged to comprise a substantially knife-shaped device. Peel arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree is one or more in number. Peel arrangement (10) according to claim 10, characterized in that a plurality of means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree are connected to the same body (15, 16) for receiving organs. Peel arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, characterized by the peel arrangement (10) having the organ (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree arranged to a frame (3) exhibited by the tree handling device (1). Peel arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized by the peel arrangement (10) having the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree arranged to a stationary peel knife (8) provided by the tree handling device (1). Peel arrangement (10) according to any one of claims 2-9, characterized by the peel arrangement (10) which has organ (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree arranged for a peel ** In knife (7). ) exhibited by the tree handling device (1) and movable relative thereto. ·· ♦ · ;; · 25 Scaling arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that when the member (13) is arranged to cut the wood (2) of its bar rotatably relative to the surface (11) of the tree (11), the member comprises -, (22, 23) means for defining the rotation of the member to an area at an angle of 25 to 55 degrees relative to the longitudinal axis (9) of the tree. 16. Peel arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, characterized by: ·… characterized by the cut-off member (13) arranged to cut the tree l · ··. bark is arranged to be maneuverable to rise and sink relative to the surface (11) of the tree (11) with an actuator (19). \**in Scaling arrangement (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that the actuating means (19) comprises a pressure medium controlled cylinder. • · · ··· ♦ ··· · • ♦ 118795 Peel arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, characterized by attenuated movements in the member (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree arranged to be damped by a spring member. Peel arrangement (10) according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the force with which the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree affects the bark (12) of the tree (2) is adjustable. Peel arrangement (10) according to claim 19, characterized in that the force with which the means (13) arranged to cut the bark of the tree affects the bark (12) of the tree (2) is controllable with a pressure medium controlled actuator. • t • · · • 1 2 3 # • · · 1 · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · M1 t • · • · ·· »·· t · • ·· • M • · • ·« · · · · · · · · · 2 · «· · · · · · t · 1 M · · 3 • · • · ···