ES2945592T3 - Premade Stackable Crate - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention essentially refers to a parallelepiped box (1) defined by long (4) and short (5) vertical peripheral walls. The box (1) comprises internal compartments (2) separated by vertical partitions (3, 3c) and at least one interior central column (7) that is arranged at the junction of the internal partitions (3 and 3c) and extends from a The multi-position interlock device (8) located on the bottom of the box (1) to an interlock device (9) located on the top of the box (1). The invention also refers to a civil engineering structure comprising at least two such boxes (1). (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Premade Stackable Crate

The purpose of the present invention is to provide improvements in the construction of various civil engineering works such as retaining walls, protection of the banks or construction of a dike, by means of prefabricated stackable boxes whose compartments are intended to receive a filling with various materials. and whose general rigidity of the work is guaranteed by vertical and horizontal reinforced concrete stiffeners, which, at the same time, confer containment advantages to the product placed in the compartments of the drawers.

The support works, walls in particular, are carried out mainly from different techniques, such as solid stone walls (since ancient times), reinforced concrete walls, prefabricated constructions by transportable or cast-in-place elements, baskets of metal mesh (gabions) filled with stone, stackable compact or honeycomb concrete blocks in various systems with often facial finishes that imitate stone or other materials, precast and stackable concrete elements for the creation of planters and green walls, or blocks of formwork for small-sized works.

The solid walls, the elements and the prefabricated concrete blocks intended for the manufacture of retaining walls make up the majority of the entire work, both in the facing face and in the structural part, but they are divided into the drainage and of the first part of the filling.

During violent climatic or geological events, these elements, which are little or not at all adhered to each other, can split very quickly, causing significant damage, or even the destruction of all or part of the work.

Gabions have very good qualities for allowing runoff water to pass through and, thanks to their flexibility, they absorb well the variations in the terrain on which they are placed.

However, due to the low mechanical resistance of these baskets and the internal macadam, the work can deform considerably in the event of significant variations in the ground on which it rests and also in this case, cause significant deterioration of the structure of the structure. the work.

Some bridge abutment works or embankment retaining structures under road or rail traffic are carried out using mixed facing techniques with precast concrete elements and filled with reinforced earth.

The construction works of a dike or of containment structures of fluvial or maritime banks are also carried out with these mixed techniques, or by riprap spilled in bulk or placed with an excavator, sometimes adhered by a filling concrete poured into the cavities to constitute the shielding of the work.

The cost of extracting these rocks, transporting them and placing them is not a small thing, as is their environmental impact.

Some works are also built with formwork concrete poured in place depending on the possibilities and the limitations of the water level.

Also, in this case, these works deteriorate suddenly due to exceptional and very violent weather conditions, or slowly, due to phenomena of weakening of the reinforcements of the work due to the corrosion of the reinforced concrete reinforcements that compose it, or due to circumstances that Over time, they destabilize or fracture the work as a whole, making it more vulnerable to future climatic attacks.

Once the shielding or shell of the structure is damaged, the water quickly erodes the fill, which is then washed away by the river or sea.

The repair of these works is expensive and complicated, in addition to the costs associated with the damage caused to the back of the other works that they were supposed to protect.

With the exception of the formwork blocks and other manuportable precast elements, practically all of these works are carried out using conventional formwork means, such as formwork elements, more or less solid precast walls, or a "reinforced earth" type system. which consists of integrating welded mesh-type reinforcements attached to a façade element by layers in the filling.

On the other hand, the choice of fillers is often made based on their mechanical qualities and the geographical proximity of the construction for reasons of transportation costs.

Burial options of fill or any contaminated material are rarely used due to the fact that the techniques described above are not suitable for the more or less necessary containment of the use of these fill materials, while the cost of treatment or specific burial is not negligible.

The options for multiple uses of the same product are very limited by the very design of existing products that are limited to a specific use, or even two uses.

Each of the documents JPS59150810A and JPS5838826U discloses a parallelepiped-shaped drawer delimited by long and short peripheral vertical walls, a drawer comprising interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, and at least one interior central column placed at the junction of said interior partitions. In order to overcome the various drawbacks mentioned above, the object of the invention is to propose a prefabricated product capable of producing a stable structure with different shapes. The object of the invention is also to propose a prefabricated product that is not very sensitive to erosion, runoff from torrential rains, floods, the effects of breaking waves, for carrying out different works: support walls, trespassing or containment of water currents, protection of river and sea banks, green walls, planters, etc... The characteristics of the prefabricated compartmentalized box of the invention provide both great simplicity in its implementation and allow, by assembly composition, to carry out works of large dimensions with the same element that is stacked and adheres solidly, also allowing the burying of more or less contaminated products, in these works.

Like any precast element, this caisson makes it easier to carry out works in the presence of water, avoiding the phases of formwork, rebar, pouring, stripping, drying in situ, as well as most of the risks inherent to landslides and/or rising of the water level, both fluvial and maritime.

In this context, the invention refers first of all to a parallelepiped-shaped box delimited by long and short peripheral vertical walls, a box that includes interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, and at least one interior central column that is placed at the junction of said vertical partitions (3 and 3c), said drawer is characterized in that said at least one interior central column (7) extends from a multi-position locking device (8) located in the lower part of the drawer (1), up to a locking device (9) located at the top of said drawer (1).

The interlocking devices give the drawer of the invention, and the work made from a stack of said drawers, a high degree of modularity in the shape of the works, since the juxtaposed and superimposed drawers can move relative to each other. In addition, the possibility of said displacement also guarantees the stability of the work, in particular due to the possibility of carrying out a significant inclination towards the rear of the work or part of the work, this inclination also being called "talud" in the field.

The formwork element of the invention may also include the following optional features:

- the long and short peripheral vertical walls of said drawer include outwardly open notched vertical recesses, and the upper and lower horizontal edges of said drawer include outwardly open horizontal recesses.

The combination of the interlocking devices mentioned above and the recesses makes it possible to effectively and easily secure the reinforcement of the work, even when the drawers are offset relative to each other.

- the vertical recesses are arranged at regular intervals.

- the vertical recesses have a semi-truncated conical shape, the small section of which is located in the lower part of the drawer and the larger section is located in the upper part of said drawer.

- the horizontal recesses located in the upper and lower horizontal edges of the drawer present a sectional portion in a circular arc, and the horizontal recess located in the upper edge of the drawer presents in section a flat portion on the side of the corresponding edge that extends for said portion in a circular arc.

- the interlocking devices are of the female type.

- the multi-position locking device is formed by a plurality of female cavities distributed circularly around a central cavity centered on the vertical axis of the relevant column. - the drawer includes at least two multi-position locking devices.

- at least one inner compartment located along a short face and/or a long face includes on at least two of its opposite inner faces at least two serrations that are arranged symmetrically opposite one another and extend parallel to the face along which said compartment is situated inside.

- at least one angular interior compartment that is located along a short face and a long face and that is adjacent to the interior compartment that has at least two serrations on at least two of its opposite interior faces, includes at least two serrations on each of its four inner faces, serrations that are arranged symmetrically two by two opposite each other.

- each interior partition extends either between two central columns, or from a central column to a notched vertical recess.

- The extreme upper edges of the vertical interior partitions, the vertical recesses with notches and the horizontal recesses located on the upper edge of the drawer have a hollow relief capable of forming a means of hooking and fastening intermediate pieces and compensators or covers.

- the drawer includes a lifting and handling device located in the locking device located in the upper part of the drawer.

- the locking device is of the female type, and the lifting and handling device is housed in the bottom of the cavity formed by the locking device.

- -the width of the drawer is equal to two thirds of its length.

Finally, the invention refers to a civil engineering work that includes at least two drawers of the invention,

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent after reading the description given below, with reference to the attached figures, which illustrate:

Figure 1 represents the drawer 1 of the invention seen from above;

Figure 2 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 in longitudinal section;

Figure 3 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 seen from below and illustrated without bottom;

Figure 4 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 seen from below and illustrated with a background;

Figure 5 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 seen from above and illustrated with covers for each of the compartments 2 of said drawer 1;

Figure 6 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 in vertical section AA;

Figure 7 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 in vertical section BB;

Figure 8 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 seen from one side along one of its longitudinal faces; Figure 9 represents the drawer 1 of Figure 1 seen from one side along one of its transversal faces; Figure 10 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the wall of a compartment of the drawer of the invention, the upper part being finished off by an intermediate element;

Figure 11 is another enlarged view of the upper part of the wall of a compartment of the drawer of the invention, the upper part being finished off by intermediate and compensating elements;

Figure 12 represents in section the details of aligned superimposition of the drawers 1 of the invention that form the civil engineering work of the invention, illustrated without bottom on the left and with bottom on the right; Figure 13 represents in section the details of the staggered superimposition of the drawers 1 of the invention that form the civil engineering work of the invention, without bottom on the left and with bottom on the right;

Figure 14 shows an example of juxtaposition of the drawers 1 of the invention seen from above;

Figure 15 represents an example of rebar for the juxtaposition of drawers in Figure 14;

Figure 16 represents an example of juxtaposition of the drawers 1 of the invention seen from above, in some of which the drawers are provided with internal removable walls in different positions, concrete being poured in certain parts of the drawers;

Figure 17 represents an example of juxtaposition and aligned superposition of drawers 1 of the invention seen from one side;

Figure 18 represents an example of partial rebar of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of drawers 1 of the invention of Figure 17;

Figure 19 represents a first example of juxtaposition and staggered superposition of drawers 1 of the invention seen from one side;

Figure 20 represents an example of partial reinforcement of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of drawers 1 of the invention of Figure 19;

Figure 21 represents a second example of juxtaposition and staggered superposition of drawers 1 of the invention seen from one side;

Figure 22 represents an example of partial rebar of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of drawers 1 of the invention of Figure 21;

Figure 23 represents a third example of juxtaposition and staggered superposition of drawers 1 of the invention seen from the side;

Figure 24 represents an example of partial rebar of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of drawers 1 of the invention of Figure 23;

Figure 25 represents a view from above of an example of staggered superimposition of the drawers 1 of the invention in two directions (longitudinal and transversal) and in three rows;

Figure 26 represents in a view from above a second example of staggered superimposition of the drawers 1 of the invention, in one direction and in three rows;

Figure 27 represents a third example of staggered superimposition of the drawers 1 of the invention, in one direction and in three rows;

Figure 28 represents in a front view three examples of assembly of drawers 1 of the invention for simple works of containment structures and water passage;

Figure 29 represents in a front view another example of assembly of caissons 1 of the invention for a simple bridge work with pillars; and

Figure 30 represents in a front view another example of assembly of caissons 1 of the invention for a bridge work without a central pillar.

In addition to the solidity of the work, its simplicity of implementation, the realization of large works with the same caisson, and the aforementioned simplicity of carrying out the work in the presence of water, the structure of the caisson of the invention, in particular Its compartments guarantee rapid pouring of the concrete reinforcement elements, reinforced or not, in the box without additional formwork, between two tides, for example.

The compartments can be open or closed at the bottom depending on the use to which they are going to be given.

On the other hand, the relationship of the dimensions (length/width) of the drawer allows the drawers of a work to be positioned on the same plane, or in the same direction of alignment, or with an alignment displacement in this same direction, or staggered (grid pattern).

Thanks to an interlocking device that offers several possible positions, the alignment displacement of each upper row of drawers can be small or large.

The drawers can be positioned, for simple works, with their long wall facing the work to be carried out, thus offering at least two compartments to be filled in depth or, with their short wall facing the work to be carried out, three compartments at least to be filled in depth.

By way of example, the compartments of the drawers placed in front of the work can be filled with concrete in order to form a shell or armor, and the compartments located at the rear can be filled with drainage or filling materials.

The particular devices placed in certain compartments and described below allow to adjust the thickness of this armor or this armor.

A massive work of great dimension, such as a work to protect river or sea banks, can easily be made up of several juxtaposed boxes one after the other, displaced or not in each upper row. The arrangement and shape of the reinforced concrete stiffeners, both vertical and horizontal, allows, after their pouring, to ensure both a joint fastening of the caissons to each other and a total containment, "sarcophagus" type, of the materials placed in the caissons. compartments in any row offset configuration.

These vertical and horizontal stiffeners also guarantee total rigidity of the work and prevent the detachment, for any accidental cause, of a caisson from the whole of the work or the partial or total dislocation of this work during accidental or exceptional and violent climatic phenomena.

Thus, in a preferred configuration, the drawer has a parallelepiped shape, provided with interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, the long and short peripheral vertical walls of which include notched vertical recesses open to the outside and arranged at regular intervals, interior central columns placed at the junction of interior partitions and connecting a combination of multi-position female interlocking devices at the bottom to a female interlocking device at the top, including a lifting and handling device, and on its upper and lower horizontal edges, horizontal recesses open to the outside.

An improvement provided by the procedure is that the drawer can be positioned overlapping, or exactly in line with the lower drawer, or slightly offset in one direction only, or simultaneously in two longitudinal and transverse directions, in the same horizontal plane, or further offset. significantly one-third to two-thirds of its length in the same horizontal plane in order to give a significant backward slope, called a "slope", to a retaining wall or a ladder-like "pyramid" retraction for a wall or a bank protection work or construction of a dike of this type. This displacement is made possible by the presence of the locking devices 8, 9 and, more particularly, the multi-position locking device 8.

This device also allows a cantilever overlap thus forming a bridge arch.

Thus, according to another example, the bottom face of the drawer includes at least two multi-position interlocking devices, each made up of several female cavities distributed circularly around a central cavity centered on the vertical axis of each column.

Another improvement provided by the procedure is that the caisson has vertical and horizontal notched lateral recesses, allowing, by juxtaposing two caissons, to form a formwork cavity in order to receive the reinforced concrete structure that holds the caissons and the caisson together. complete work consisting of all drawers.

In order to facilitate the flow of the concrete, these recesses preferably have a round rather than an angular section. In this way, the vertical lateral recesses can have a semi-truncated conical shape in order to guarantee the continuity of the section of the vertical stiffeners in the event of displacement of the position of the overlapping boxes, in the horizontal plane, according to the possibilities offered by the devices. interlocking located on the underside of the drawer.

Thus, according to another example, the notched vertical recesses of the side walls can have a semi-frusto-conical shape whose small section is located below the wall and the large section is located above the wall.

In the same way, the lateral horizontal recesses allow, by juxtaposing two caissons, to form a formwork cavity in order to receive the horizontal reinforced concrete structure that holds together the caissons and the entire work made up of all the caissons.

In order to facilitate the flow of the concrete, these recesses preferably have a round rather than an angular shape. The horizontal lateral recesses can be widened in order to guarantee the continuity of the section of the horizontal stiffeners in case of displacement of the position of the overlapping boxes, in the horizontal plane, according to the possibilities offered by the interlocking devices placed on the face bottom of the drawer.

Thus, according to another example, the horizontal recesses of the upper and lower horizontal edges are rounded in the shape of a quarter circle and the upper horizontal recess is elongated, or in other words, the The horizontal recess presents in section a flat portion on the side of the corresponding edge that is extended by an arcuate portion towards the center of the drawer.

Another improvement provided by the procedure is that certain compartments of the caisson have additional wall positioning and fastening devices that allow the selection and adjustment of the thickness of a shell or of a concrete shield intended to reinforce the protection of the work against impacts. of the road or the erosion caused by water, whether fluvial or maritime.

This shell or this armor can be composed of ordinary concrete or concrete made with aggregates from demolition.

Thus, according to another example, the compartments located on a long face and a short face can be partly provided with toothing symmetrically opposed to one another and two by two on the four internal faces of these compartments.

In order to completely rigidify and compartmentalize the caisson and to be able to fill the compartments with different materials: concrete, clean or contaminated fill, draining material, etc..., without mixing them, the interior partitions can be used at the same time as a joint between the external walls of the caisson and the columns placed in the central part, thus avoiding deformation phenomena during the manipulation of the caisson by lifting equipment or during the pouring of the structural concrete in the vertical recesses formed by two recesses of each caisson placed opposite.

Thus, according to another example, the vertical interior partitions of the compartments are arranged inside the drawer to join the wall of each notched vertical recess to a column, or to two columns for the central wall.

The upper part of the columns exceeds the height of the upper part of the internal partitions and the upper part of the walls of the horizontal recesses in order to allow the placement of different intermediate elements depending on the type of closure desired for the compartments and, at the same time, the degree of alignment displacement desired between two rows of superimposed drawers.

These compensating elements must ensure the closure of the horizontal recesses intended to receive the concrete from these stiffeners in order to prevent the flow of concrete into the compartments.

These elements must be kept in their position without any particular precautions.

In the same way, in order to guarantee the complete closing of the compartments or the drawer, when necessary, and having previously made the drawer with a bottom in the lower part, the covers that can be placed in the upper part must be kept in their position. , without special precautions, using the same device.

In this way, according to another example, the upper parts of the vertical interior partitions, the vertical recesses with notches and the high horizontal recesses can present a hollow relief for hooking and holding the intermediate pieces and compensators, or covers.

In order to allow multiple possibilities of displacement of the alignment of the works to be carried out by means of different positioning of the drawers in the same plane, the dimensions of the drawer must allow its combination, by juxtaposition in one direction or another, with the other adjacent drawers.

Thus, according to another example, the width of the drawer can be equal to two thirds of its length.

The caisson of the invention is particularly intended for carrying out civil engineering works such as support, embankment containment structures, works to protect river and sea banks, crossing water currents, building a dam and burying materials possibly contaminated and/or contaminants.

The general way of carrying out the works that include the caissons of the invention is similar to most other systems by simple juxtaposition and superimposition of the elements, placed by simple vertical interlocking, then by pouring the structural and joining stiffeners. , without it being necessary to describe the different operations for carrying out the reinforced concrete structural parts that are the object of studies and calculations by a design office according to the professional rules or regulations in force for the relevant work.

The filling of the compartments of the drawers can be carried out totally or partially at the site where the work is carried out, or before its transport to the same place, closed or not by a cover depending on the nature and/or quality of the filling material.

The caisson of the invention and the civil engineering work of the invention are described in detail with reference to the attached figures.

The drawer 1 of the invention as illustrated in figures 1 to 9 includes:

- two opposite long facial walls, 4 called longitudinal, parallel to each other and separated by two short facial walls 5, called transverse, parallel to each other and arranged perpendicularly at each end of the long facial walls 4, the whole forming a rectangle;

- vertical notched recesses 6 of semi-truncated shape open towards the outside of the drawer 1 and arranged at regular intervals on its outer faces and on its vertical edges;

- interior compartments 2 separated by interior vertical partitions 3 and 3c;

- vertical columns 7 located at the junction of the interior partitions 3, 3c;

- a multi-position locking device 8 located at the base of each column 7, preferably composed of several female cavities 13 distributed regularly and circularly around a central cavity 14 centered on the vertical axis of each column (7);

- an interlocking device preferably formed by a female cavity 9 arranged in the upper part of each column, intended to receive a pin 20 for guiding the positioning of a superimposed drawer 1; - a lifting and handling device 10 placed at the bottom of each cavity 9;

- horizontal recesses 11, 12 open towards the outside of drawer 1 and arranged on its upper and lower horizontal edges;

- optionally a bottom (24).

The presence of face walls, interior compartments and vertical columns that extend from the multi-position locking device to the locking device preferably composed of a female cavity 9 form the essential characteristics of the drawer of the invention that allow a staggered arrangement according to the longitudinal and/or transversal directions with respect to the other caissons of the work.

In order to multiply and facilitate the possibilities of assembling the drawers with each other, the width of the drawer (1) is equal to two thirds of the length of said drawer (1).

The removable partitions 25 illustrated in figures 2, 7 and 16 are made up of a plate of regular thickness that extends between the vertical walls and that is inserted between the notches 15 of the walls that form the relevant compartments 2.

With regard to the toothing, at least one inner compartment 2 located along a short face 5 and/or a long face 4 includes on at least two of its opposite inner faces at least two toothing 15 that are arranged symmetrically opposite each other. yes and that extend parallel to the face 4, 5 along which said interior compartment is located.

As is visible for example in figures 1 and 2, at least one angular interior compartment 2 which is located both along a short face 5 and a long face 4 and which is adjacent to the interior compartment 2 which has at least two toothed 15 on at least two of its opposite inner faces, includes at least two toothed 15 on each of its four inner faces, toothed (15) that are arranged symmetrically two by two opposite each other.

The above-described serrations receive the removable partitions for use as described below. All these elements can be optionally reinforced by a rebar.

An intermediate element 18 illustrated in figure 10 is constituted by a monobloc body of elongated shape, with a thickness equal to that of the partitions 3, flat on its upper face and provided on its lower face with a protruding relief 26 that matches the shape of the hollow relief 17 arranged on the upper free edge of the wall 3.

This element can optionally be reinforced with a reinforcing bar.

A cover element 19 illustrated in figure 5 and partially in figure 11 is constituted by a plate of regular thickness that extends and rests on the upper parts 16 or free upper edges of the partitions. interiors 3, 3c and of the walls of the vertical 6 and horizontal recesses 11, the periphery of the lower face of which is provided with a protruding relief 27 for hooking and holding that fits into the hollow relief 17 of the elements 3, 3c, 6 , 11 on which it is placed.

This element can be optionally reinforced by means of a rebar.

This element can be sealed, or even mechanically fixed, depending on the intended use of the drawer.

A spike element 20 illustrated in figure 7 is constituted by a monobloc body shaped to coincide with the female cavities 9, 13 and 14 of the interlocking devices 9,8 and to fit in them, with a length substantially less than the sum of the heights (or thicknesses) of two cavities 9, 13, 14 and of an intermediate element or cover 18, 19.

This element can be optionally reinforced by means of a rebar.

The compensating elements 21, 22, 23 illustrated in figure 11 are made up of an elongated monobloc body whose lower face coincides with the shape of the horizontal recess 11, flat on its upper face, and whose thin part 21a is provided, on its underside, a protruding relief 27 for hooking and holding that fits into the hollow relief 17 of the elements 3, 3c, 6, 11 on which it is placed.

These elements can optionally be reinforced with a rebar.

The intermediate elements 18 and 19 as well as the compensating elements 21, 22 and 23 have a common height (or thickness) that allows their upper face to be aligned in the horizontal plane when they are mounted on the drawer 1.

The material that makes up the caissons 1, as well as the other intermediate elements 18, 19, 20 and compensating elements 21, 22 and 23, can be, in particular, mineral aggregate concrete.

The drawer is molded in a set of formwork including the one that delimits the interior compartments made up of several pieces in order to be able to easily demould each piece of each compartment.

The assembly principle of a civil engineering work of the invention is described below.

The caissons 1 are placed on a foundation or a concrete floor in which the reinforcement boxes for the posts or the vertical stiffeners have been left waiting in the case of a work with a reinforced concrete structure.

The first row of drawers 1 can be placed on a bed of mortar or on wedges, in order to compensate for possible irregularities in the support and ensure that it does not have horizontal or vertical unevenness.

The drawers are juxtaposed in a single row by placing the notched recesses 6 facing those of the adjacent drawer 1.

Figure 14 illustrates an example of the different possibilities of positioning the drawers 1, either on its long face 4 or on its short face 5, in order to constitute a work with possible displacements in the alignment of its faces. Figure 15 illustrates an example of the reinforcement of the example of figure 14, with the reinforcements of the posts or vertical stiffeners being placed in the recesses formed jointly by two recesses with facing notches 6, and then the horizontal reinforcements being placed in the horizontal recesses. with notch 11.

The dowels 20 (FIG. 7) are positioned in the cavities 9 of the columns 7 in order to facilitate the alignment or the chosen alignment offset.

The intermediate elements 18, 19 and the compensating elements 21, 22 or 23 (figures 10 and 11) are positioned in the upper parts 16 of the different walls, as illustrated in figures 5, 12, 13 and 17 to 24 and depending on whether the compartments 2 must remain open or closed in the lower part and/or in the upper part.

The possible filler concrete that forms a shell or shield on one or more faces of the work, as illustrated by way of example in figure 16, is poured in the relevant parts before being covered by another box in the upper row. The pouring is done on the long 4 or short 5 faces by arranging the removable partitions 25 to reinforce the work, as previously described.

Then, the drawers 1 of the upper row can be positioned on those of the lower row, as illustrated in figures 25 to 27.

As illustrated in figures 13, 19 to 27 and 29, 30, the multi-position enervation device of the drawer of the invention makes it possible to guarantee movement in the overlapping of drawers in a single longitudinal or transversal direction, or in both directions. senses. This displacement can be smaller as illustrated in figures 19, 21 and 23. The horizontal recesses 11, 2 and the vertical recesses 6, especially when the latter have a frustoconical shape, allow the reinforcement of the stepped drawers to be made as illustrated in figures 20, 22 and 24.

The structural concrete between the caissons 1 is poured both in the vertical posts and in the horizontal stiffeners after a row of caissons 1 has completely closed the horizontal recess formed, between two superimposed caissons, by means of a recess 11 in the lower part and a recess 12 in the upper part.

The upper part of the work may or may not be closed depending on the use of the work.

In this way, depending on the use of the structure as a retaining wall topped at the top with plantings, the compartments will remain open at the top to be able to plant vegetation, including trees.

In the case of ordinary use of the site without traffic overload, the covers 19 can simply close the compartments.

If the structure is going to be used for pedestrian or wheeled traffic, a slab, a concrete screed or a roadway fill may cover the compartments.

The construction element according to the invention is particularly intended for carrying out civil engineering works such as retaining walls, as protection of banks, passages for water currents, as construction work on a dam or as burying of more or less polluting materials. confined. By way of non-limiting examples, the works can thus be composed to be carried out in any dimension but in accordance with the work to be carried out:

- large retaining walls of reinforced concrete;

- green retaining walls, on stairs;

- River and sea shore protection works;

- works of water containment structures;

- river crossing works: fords or bridges;

- dikes;

- sarcophagi for contaminated products.

Claims (15)

1. Box (1) of parallelepiped shape delimited by long (4) and short (5) peripheral vertical walls, box (1) that includes interior compartments (2) separated by vertical partitions (3, 3c), and at least one column interior central column (7) that is placed at the junction of said vertical partitions (3 and 3c), said drawer is characterized in that said at least one interior central column (7) extends from a multi-position locking device (8) located in the lower part of the drawer (1), to a locking device (9) located in the upper part of said drawer (1). Drawer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the long (4) and short (5) peripheral vertical walls of said drawer (1) include vertical recesses with a notch (6) open towards the outside, and that the upper horizontal edges and bottom of said drawer (1) include horizontal recesses (11, 12) open towards the outside. Drawer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the vertical recesses (6) are arranged at regular intervals. 4. Drawer according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterized in that the vertical recesses (6) have a semi-truncated conical shape, the small section of which is located in the lower part of the drawer (1) and the larger section is located in the lower part of the drawer (1). top of said drawer (1). Drawer according to claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the horizontal recesses (11, 12) located on the upper and lower horizontal edges of the drawer present a circular arc portion in section, and that the horizontal recess (11) located On the upper edge of the drawer, it presents a flat portion in section on the side of the corresponding edge that is extended by said portion in a circular arc. Drawer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the locking devices (8, 9) are of the female type. Drawer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the multi-position locking device (8) is formed by a plurality of female cavities (13) distributed circularly around a central cavity (14) centered on the vertical axis of the column. relevant (7). Drawer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes at least two multi-position locking devices (8). Drawer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one interior compartment (2) located along a short face (5) and/or a long face (4) includes in at least two of its opposite inner faces at least two toothings (15) that are arranged symmetrically opposite each other and that extend parallel to the face (4, 5) along which said inner compartment is located. Drawer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that at least one angular interior compartment (2) which is located along a short face (5) and a long face (4) and which is adjacent to the interior compartment (2 ) that has at least two toothing (15) on at least two of its opposite inner faces, includes at least two toothing (15) on each of its four inner faces, toothing (15) that are arranged symmetrically two by two opposite each other. Drawer according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterized in that each internal partition (3, 3c) extends either between two central columns (7), or from a central column (7) to a vertical recess with a notch ( 6) . 12. Drawer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extreme upper edges (16) of the vertical internal partitions (3, 3c), the vertical recesses with a notch (6) and the horizontal recesses located on the upper edge ( 11) of the drawer have a hollow relief (17) capable of forming a means of hooking and holding intermediate pieces (18) and compensators (21, 22, 23) or covers (19). Drawer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a lifting and handling device (10) located in the locking device (9) located in the upper part of the drawer (1). Drawer according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the locking device (9) is of the female type, and in that the lifting and handling device (10) is housed at the bottom of the cavity formed by the locking device. (9). 15. Civil engineering work characterized in that it includes at least two drawers (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.