RU2243319C2 - Module of bank protective structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering, particularly for river bank protection against floods.

SUBSTANCE: opened water-filling module has soft shell reinforced with shrouds and provided with float arranged in upper shell part and ground fixing means located in lower shell part. Shell installed in working position has cross-section in the shape of semi-ellipse opened from front part thereof and having semi-axes of different lengths. Module has jointing belts arranged on module sides. Formed in joining belts are through pockets in which connection shrouds are inserted. Module is also provided with outer transversal sealing apron for sealing joining belt. Lower module part has longitudinal sealing apron. Float is made as chamber with water-floatable filler. First and terminal modules are formed so that side end may be connected to module by joining belt.

EFFECT: increased reliability and erection rate, reduced losses concerned with floods.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic structures, namely, structures for protecting river banks and other bodies of water from floods and floods.

In various regions of the Earth, cataclysms occur daily: earthquakes, floods, fires, landslides, catastrophes, from which people and the environment suffer.

Various emergency and rescue equipment, including flood protection and flood protection, is needed to help people and the environment.

Every year, in many regions of the Russian Federation and in other countries of the world, floods destroy coastal zones, flood large areas, destroy crops, and destroy settlements.

Floods kill people. Flood damage is estimated at hundreds of billions of dollars, and moral damages from floods cannot be calculated.

Thus, the creation of effective structures for protection against floods and floods is an urgent task.

An analysis of the prior art shows.

The most common method of protection is the construction of earthen fence dams of various shapes in plan.

Shore protection dams are usually referred to as slope structures located near the coastline in the form of an embankment or structures made of other materials, which serve to prevent flooding of coasts during periods of high waters and wind surges.

Dams are arranged in bulk (dry) or alluvial in the form of embankments of a trapezoidal cross section. The production of work is complicated by the simultaneous implementation of reinforcement work. In case of unfavorable soils, sand cushions, stone beds, drains are arranged at the base of the dams, piles are immersed and other methods of soil strengthening are used. The most common types of reinforcing soil slopes of dams include: stone sketches, paving and gabions.

Various embankments and dams are known, which are made of clay and loam, sandy loam, sand, coarse soil, stained soil, and also mixtures of these materials (Recommendations on the use of analogues for the design and construction of embankments and dams. - M. : Energoatomizdat, 1984).

There is a method of fastening the river bank for AS USSR No. 1778215, E 02 B 3/06 of 02.01.91, including the installation of vertical anchors in rocky soil and deepening below the surface of a possible erosion, and the upper part is anchored to the shore, large elements are laid on the surface of incoherent soil along the anchors, for example, stones or concrete blocks, the distance between the anchors is not exceeding the dimensions of these large elements.

A device is known for protecting the shore from erosion, including mountain blocks placed in a row along the shore line, mounted on vertical piles and interconnected, and blocks stacked with vertical stacks and filled with ballast, loading beams are laid on top of the blocks along the edges with cutouts corresponding to the shape of the cross section of piles (US Pat. RF No. 2050430, E 02 B 3/12 from 05/05/91.).

A protective structure is known, including a grillage on vertical pile supports with upper and lower structures in the form of large-block box-shaped elements, divided into compartments for transmission of pile supports mounted one on top of the other and supported by the lower large-block element in the form of an I-shaped structure in plan with stops fixed on pile supports. Large-block elements of the upper structure are made in the form of vertical waveguide shields and boxes mounted on both sides of them. Located at the level of the bottom surface and lower coarse-grained elements are connected by common axes and holes located in adjacent adjacent walls. The lower large-block element is equipped with bottoms - partitions located on the extreme compartments. In large-block elements located in the zone of a variable water horizon at the level of the bottom surface, and also between them, the space of compartments around the pile supports is filled with monolithic concrete at different heights (US Pat. RF No. 2040632, E 02 B 3/06 of 05/18/92).

A well-known block is a section of a shore protection structure, including two pairs of blocks with slit-like openings and two pairs of vertical slots located at the ends of the block at different distances from its edges (US Pat. RF No. 2048638, E 02 B 3/06 from 09/16/92.) .

A known method of protecting territories from flooding when the water level rises in the open water area, including the construction of enclosing structures and culverts. The territory is surrounded by enclosing structures made in the form of a closed loop. The enclosing structures are in the form of dams. Culverts have openings with gates (US Pat. RF No. 2032018, E 02 B 1/00 from 02/23/90).

The known module is an open jellied one, containing a soft shell reinforced with cables, the upper part of which is equipped with a float, and the lower part is attached to the ground (O.G. Zatvornitsky. Designs of soft shells in hydraulic engineering. - Moscow, Energy, 1975, p. 8-12, Fig. 2b.). This structure is accepted as the closest analogue.

Known shore protection structures are material-intensive, structurally complex; their scope is limited due to design features; assembly of structures is difficult, time-consuming, takes a lot of time; barriers, embankments, dams and other temporary structures erected annually require large expenditures, consumption of materials, laborious; reliable flood protection is not provided.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the lower reliability of operation and the inability to quickly build up shore protection structures.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability of operation of coastal protection structures, cheaper manufacturing coastal protection structures, providing the possibility of rapid construction of flood protection.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the module of the coastal protective structure, open filler, containing a soft shell, reinforced with cables, the upper part of which is equipped with a float, and the lower part is the attachment unit to the ground, according to the invention, the soft shell of the module is in transverse state in working condition the cross section is the shape of a semi-ellipse open in front with semi-axes of variable length, the module contains docking belts with through pockets at the edges for inserting connecting cables-cables, and is also equipped with an external a transverse apron for sealing the docking belt, while the lower part of the module is provided with a longitudinal apron for sealing, and the float is made in the form of a chamber with a filler floating in the water. If the module is initial or final, it is made with the possibility of attaching a side end to it through the docking belt.

Figure 1 shows the shore protection structure of the modules, a General view; figure 2 is the same side view; figure 3 is the same scan; figure 4 is a section along aa in figure 3; figure 5 - docking belt; figure 6 is the same side view; Fig.7 - removable end face of the module.

The drawings show: 1 - module coastal protective structure (MBZS); 2 - panel cover module; 3 - module docking belt; 4 - through pocket (SK) for the docking cable; 5 - outer transverse apron (NPF); 6 - end face of the shell; 7 - lower longitudinal apron (NPF); 8 - a float; 9 - sheath reinforcement guy (VUO); 10 - anchor; 11 - eyelets.

The proposed module 1 is made of soft material of a given strength with a waterproof coating. In the folded position, module 1 is compact and transportable by any type of transport, which allows for a relatively short time to quickly deliver shore protection structures to the areas of alleged floods and quickly install them in the necessary places on the coast.

Module 1 is also convenient for storage, which allows you to store the required number of coastal barriers in critical hazardous areas.

Module 1 of the coastal protective structure is a reusable structure and can be used for many years, due to which it is possible to quickly change the deployment of one set of shore protection structures sequentially at different times depending on the prevailing situation and expected (forecasted) floods in different regions.

The module 1 of the coastal protection structure open-water is intended primarily for flood protection of areas with an open undeveloped coast, with coasts without special coatings.

The coastal barriers based on the proposed module are mounted along the river or reservoir and are designed to protect the coastal zone from flooding and to prevent the penetration of water into coastal areas, with an increase in the level of water in the river (reservoir), breakthrough of the dam and other violations of the pool water level.

The module in the expanded position is a flat panel (figure 3). The coastal protective structure (figure 1) is mounted from the required number of modules 1 in the field on the coast in place. Modules 1 are interconnected by cable guards 9, which are inserted into SK 4 of the connecting belts - PSM 3 and are sealed by NPF 5, which prevent the penetration of water at the joints of the modules. Ends 9 are attached to the end modules of the shore protection structure (left and right) through PSM 3 with cable-stay cables 6. The shore protection structures are fixed to the ground through the eyelets 11 with anchors 10.

When water enters the shore protection structure, the float 8 raises the upper part of the shell, which is kept afloat.

Due to the tension of the cable-cables 9 module 1 under the pressure of the water turns into an open trough, which in the cross section takes the form of a semi-ellipse with half shafts, the length of which varies depending on the height of the water level.

The chamber of the float 8 is filled under overpressure with a filler floating in water.

For the installation of coastal protection barriers does not require special training of the coast.

In various emergency situations, such as floods, dam breaks, etc., when the water level in the body of water rises, it leaves the banks and, having reached the shore protection fence, is poured into it, and the more water is poured into the shore protection structure, the more it more stable and the more effective it prevents the penetration of water outside the structure. With a drop in the water level in the reservoir, it gradually returns by gravity to the riverbed (into the bowl of the reservoir) from the shore protection structure.

There are currently no reliable permanent flood protection measures that are often impossible to predict in advance, especially against floods arising from a sharp increase in water level.

Claims (2)

1. The module of the coastal protective structure, open filler, containing a soft shell, reinforced with cables, the upper part of which is equipped with a float, and the lower part is a mounting unit to the ground, characterized in that the soft shell of the module in working condition has a cross-sectional shape of a half-ellipse open in front with semi-axes of variable length, the module contains at the edges docking belts with through pockets for inserting connecting cables-cables, and is also equipped with an external transverse apron for sealing the docking jar, while the lower part of the module is equipped with a longitudinal apron of sealing, and the float is made in the form of a chamber with a filler floating in the water. 2. The module according to claim 1, characterized in that, if it is initial or final, it is made with the possibility of attaching a side end to it through the connecting belt.

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