RU2503771C1 - Method to protect area against flooding during spring flood and temporary water-barrier structure for its realisation (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: main body of a water-barrier structure in the form of a dam bank from snow is created directly at the edge of the protected area. A facility for heat insulation is laid on top. Afterwards the facility for heat insulation is closed with a flexible concrete mat or sacks with ballast.

EFFECT: using the invention will make it possible to eliminate limitation in selection of a possible area of erection of a temporary water-barrier structure due to simplification of its design, its higher reliability.

28 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to the field of hydraulic engineering, and in particular to means for protecting territories from spring floods with the help of water-heating structures.

As a result of intense spring snowmelt in vast flat areas, floods occur, that is, a relatively long and significant increase in river water content that annually repeats in the same season of the year, causing a rise in its level. High water is usually accompanied by the release of water from the channel and flooding of the floodplain, if the capacity of the main flow is insufficient to divert the incoming amount of water.

Spring flooding often threatens settlements, roads, agricultural land, and other important sites. Moreover, after water withdrawal, an increased level of groundwater is observed in this area for a long time, which leads to the withdrawal of land from agricultural use and damage to various structures.

Therefore, with the predicted threat of flooding of important territories and objects by spring flood, measures are taken aimed at both preventing flood protection caused by the flood and protecting them from them.

From patent document RU 2333312 C2 (September 10, 2008), a method is known for preventing floods occurring in contrast to floods at any time of the year, including the creation of tanks at the stage of snowmelt on the river slopes and its tributaries, parallel to their channels. Tanks are created in the snow, longitudinally elongated and tiered. Gulls directed to the river are partitioned by tiers of snow dams. As a result, the total volume of melt water entering the river is reduced, which prevents its wide spill.

However, it is not always possible to effectively prevent the onset of floods in a particular territory due to a number of reasons, among which the main ones are:

- access to the flood formation zone may be difficult due to its inaccessibility, which will not allow the implementation of flood prevention measures in the place necessary for this;

- the flood formation zone can be located at a considerable distance from this territory, which means that additional efforts will be required to transfer people, equipment and materials there, which can interfere with the implementation of flood prevention measures in full and reduce their effectiveness;

- the flood formation zone may be in a different administrative subordination, which will complicate the approval process and take additional time; in addition, access to this zone may have a limited mode;

- measures to prevent the formation of floods can significantly reduce the water level in the territory, but still be insufficient to completely prevent flooding of the territory.

Thus, flood prevention measures are more complex and appropriate to prevent flooding of vast territories. Therefore, of particular relevance to local residents and workers in the local area, which is threatened by flooding during spring floods, is protection against flooding, and not flood prevention.

From the patent document RU 2246580 C2 (02.20.2005), a temporary water-containing construction for flood protection is known, which is a barrier made of film materials. The known obstacle and the method it implements are characterized in that the obstacle has the form of inflated bellows, the disclosure of which corresponds to the level of flood waters due to the inflated balloon located in the upper part of the obstacle, which is lighter than water and is held on its surface. The known barrier also contains means for attaching it to the surface of the earth with the possibility of disconnection. The attachment means includes an attachment mat with a plurality of pins protruding from its lower surface.

The specified technical tool can be easily transported and quickly installed if necessary. However, for its creation, factory manufacture of the structure from durable film materials is required, as well as the preparation of the site for installing the mat mounting means on the ground, which is difficult in winter conditions. There is a high risk of accidental damage to the film forming the boom during its transportation and storage during not very careful handling. In addition, the flow of water during flood often carries with high speed various objects, such as logs or tree trunks, capable of splitting the walls of a known fence. The reliability of fastening the fence to the ground is doubtful, since the water pressure during high water can be large enough to overturn the fence by tearing the pins of the fastener mat from the surface of the earth. Thus, the well-known fence cannot be considered suitable for organizing a simple, reliable and effective protection of territories from flooding during spring floods.

Practical application has such a well-known (Big Soviet Encyclopedia. M., 1974, volume 18, p. 175) protective measure, such as dipping, which consists in creating a system of protective earthen ramparts (protective dams) arranged, in particular, along the banks of rivers and lakes to protect the surrounding area from temporary flooding when the water level rises. The deboning front usually consists of one, less often two rows of shafts located along the coastline or along the perimeter of the protected area. It is also known that sustainable farming on fertile coastal and floodplain lands (in particular, in the lower reaches and deltas of rivers) can only be ensured by a deboning device.

However, as practice shows, earthen ramparts are characterized by high accident rate and often break through streams of water in floods. In addition, the construction of shafts of this type requires a large amount of excavation. Land under the ramparts is withdrawn from agricultural use, and the terrain is disturbed.

The closest analogue of the present invention is a flood control method known from patent document RU 2225915 C2 (03.20.2004). The method includes the construction of a water-retaining device in the form of an ice dam, which is frozen directly on the ice cover of the river near the bank undergoing flooding, to a height exceeding the level of the expected water rise.

Dam construction is carried out with the help of motor graders or bulldozers, creating an embankment of the dam base area. The material of the embankment is snow, raked and compacted in a mechanized way. Water for freezing the body of the dam is taken from the river and pumped.

However, this known method is intended for implementation in the northern conditions of the Siberian rivers, while it is often required to protect territories from flooding during spring floods far from the river bed, in addition, weather conditions in the middle and southern parts of Russia do not always allow freezing of the ice dam. That is, the possibility of applying the known method is limited by a number of conditions.

The objective of the present invention is to create a simple, mainly based on improvised materials and using the available in any locality equipment, but effective and reliable technical solution for protecting territories from flooding during spring floods, the use of which does not imply the withdrawal of land from agricultural use, and applied in those places where the creation of well-known water-containing structures is difficult, inefficient or impossible in principle.

The technical result provided by the present invention consists in eliminating the restrictions on the choice of a possible place of construction of a temporary water-heating structure to protect territories from flooding during spring floods. Also, the technical result consists in simplifying the design of the dam wall, increasing the time of its useful use and in increasing the reliability of this structure and the efficiency of its creation.

Technical results are achieved due to the fact that the method of protecting the territory from flooding during spring flood includes the construction of a temporary water-heating structure in the form of a dam wall using snow during the winter season. Moreover, directly on the edge of the protected territory, the main body of the dam shaft is created from snow, on top of which a means for thermal insulation of the main body of the dam shaft is laid. Then close the means for thermal insulation with at least one flexible concrete mat or bags with ballast.

In the particular case of the implementation of this method, the base of the dam wall is first formed from rammed snow or ice.

In another particular case, the height of the water heating structure is 2–7 m, and its thickness is 4–20 m.

Also, in the particular case, the main body of the dam wall is created by raking snow around a wooden or reinforced concrete frame. At the same time, the height of the water-containing structure is 2–7 m, and its thickness is 3–15 m.

In a particular case, a waterproofing agent in the form of a polymer film is introduced into the snow layer of the upper layer of the dam wall.

In a particular case, the snow of the upper layer of the dam wall is compacted and / or watered with water until a snow or ice crust forms, which has a thickness of 50 ÷ 500 mm.

In another particular case, the means for thermal insulation is a polymer bag stuffed with straw, or wood sawdust, or other plant material.

Also in the particular case, the means for thermal insulation is a foam plate.

In another particular case, as a ballast, the bags are filled with sand, gravel or clay.

Technical results are also achieved due to the fact that the temporary water-heating structure is made in the form of a dam wall using snow. It contains the main body of the shaft of the dam wall from snow, a means for thermal insulation of the main body of the shaft of the dam, at least one flexible concrete mat or bags with ballast. In this case, the means for thermal insulation is laid on top of the main body of the dam shaft and closed by at least one flexible concrete mat or bags with ballast.

In the particular case of the construction, the main body of the dam wall stands on the basis of compacted snow or ice.

In a particular case, this structure has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 4 ÷ 20 m.

In another particular case, a wooden or reinforced concrete frame is located inside the main body of the dam shaft. Moreover, the structure has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 3 ÷ 15 m.

Also, in a particular case, the upper layer of the main body of the dam wall is a snow or ice crust 50–500 mm thick with a means for waterproofing in the form of a polymer film placed in it.

In a particular case, the means for thermal insulation is a polymer bag stuffed with straw, or sawdust, or other material of plant origin.

In another particular case, the means for thermal insulation is a foam plate.

Also in the particular case, as a ballast, the bags are filled with sand, gravel or clay.

In addition, technical results are achieved due to the fact that in its second embodiment, the temporary water-heating structure is also made in the form of a dam wall using snow. Moreover, the dam wall contains compacted snow masses and not more than 50% of ice from the total volume of the dam wall. Bags with filler based on plant material were laid on top of the dam shaft. Filler bags are closed at the top with at least one flexible concrete mat or ballast bags.

In the particular case of the construction according to the second embodiment, the main body of the dam wall stands on the basis of compacted snow or ice.

Also, in the particular case, this structure has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 4 ÷ 20 m.

In another particular case, a wooden or reinforced concrete frame is located inside the main body of the dam shaft. Moreover, the structure has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 3 ÷ 15 m.

In another particular case, the upper layer of the main body of the dam wall is a snow or ice crust 50–500 mm thick.

In another particular case, a means for waterproofing in the form of a polymer film is placed in the thickness of the snow or ice crust.

Also in the particular case, as a ballast, the bags are filled with sand, gravel or clay.

The invention is illustrated by the following schematic graphic materials.

Figure 1 shows a plan of the area with an example of the installation of two temporary water-heating structures.

Figure 2 shows the axis of the first variant of the temporary water-heating structures in cross section.

Figure 3 shows the axis of the second variant of the temporary water-containing structures in cross section for one of the particular cases of the construction.

Figure 4 shows the axis of the temporary water-holding structure in cross section when performing construction on the base.

Figure 5 shows the axis of the temporary water-containing structures in cross section when performing the structure on the frame for one of the particular cases of the frame.

Figure 6 shows the axis of the temporary water-containing structures in cross section when performing structures with means for waterproofing.

An example of a territory for which there is a high risk of flooding during spring flood is depicted in figure 1. Residential buildings and production facilities 1, as well as plot 2 of agricultural land, are located near river 3 with the expected flood.

Preparations for the expected spring flood caused by the spill of the river 3 begin in advance in the winter season, preferably in the month of February, when the period of active melting of snow approaches, but when the snow cover is still large.

Preparation of protection of the territory from flooding during spring flood includes the construction of one or more temporary water-protecting structures in the form of a dam wall 4 having a crest height exceeding the level of the expected water rise.

The terrain in the example shown has such a relief that it is most advisable to erect dam walls 4 between the hills 5 and the edge of section 2. At the same time, it is possible to protect the territory from flooding by the minimum water-holding structures erected by local forces. However, with such an arrangement of dam walls remote from the river, the question arises of choosing the material for the construction of their main body, which can no longer be used, as in the well-known analogue, in the amount of river water sufficient to completely create the main body of the dam wall from ice. The excessive complexity of the use of river water is due to the need to use special equipment necessary to pump the required volume of water over long distances without freezing it at winter freezing temperatures. In addition, the process of freezing the dam wall from water is time-consuming. Thus, the main body of the ice dam wall is too complex a structural element for use in many situations. Deprived of these drawbacks is the construction of the dam shaft from such a material available in the winter season as snow. Using a bulldozer, grader or other conventional and suitable automotive equipment, it is possible to more easily and quickly create the main body of the dam wall by raking snow. In this case, the dam can be quickly built in any suitable place for this, without limiting the distance from the river and without the risk of damage to agricultural land or structures, in particular roads. As shown in figure 1, the dam walls 4 are erected from the edge of section 2 and on the road 6, directly on the edge of the protected area 7.

The various structures of the dam walls are shown in FIGS. 2-6. The main body 8 of the dam wall is a mass of snow, which is raked by vehicles. In a preferred embodiment, a means 9 is laid over the snow to insulate the main body 8 of the dam shaft, which is then covered with at least one flexible concrete mat 10 or bags with ballast (not shown). Means 9 for thermal insulation is necessary so that the main body 8 of the dam shaft does not collapse prematurely under the action of spring heat, although the snow was compacted when it was raked and became more resistant to melting. This means 9 for thermal insulation increases the useful life and increases the reliability of this structure compared with the shaft dam, made exclusively of ice. Means 9 for thermal insulation usually has a sparse structure that determines its main function, as a result of which it is lighter than water. Therefore, to strengthen the entire structure and securely fix the means for thermal insulation 9, at least one flexible concrete mat 10 or bags with ballast are used, which are of sufficient weight so that the thermal insulation means 9 are not torn off and carried away by a stream of water. In addition, a flexible concrete mat 10 or bags with ballast perform the role of protecting the dam shaft 4 from mechanical damage by the logs or tree trunks carried by the water flow and provide additional thermal insulation of the main body 8 of the dam shaft 4. As a result, an increase in the useful life and increase the reliability of the dam shaft 4.

As a flexible concrete mat 10, it is advisable to use a mat known from patent documents RU 102222 U1 (02/20/2011), RU 105312 U1 (06/10/2011) and RU 106629 U1 (07/20/2011) of a structure specially designed for use in temporary flood protection structures. In particular, the flexible concrete mat known from RU 106629 U1 is characterized by a significant reduction or elimination of erosion and leaching of the surface to be protected due to the implementation of blocks of this mat with edging that overlap the gaps between adjacent blocks.

In an alternative embodiment of mechanical protection, bags filled with sand, fine gravel or clay are used as ballast.

In the second version of the temporary water-containing structure, the dam 4 contains its main body 8 with the inclusion of a denser part 11 or several such parts, including the most diverse shape and structure. The dense part 11 is compacted snow masses and ice, provided that it is not more than 50% of the total volume of the dam wall. It is not practical to use more ice because of difficulties in water supply and excessive duration of the freezing process. The inclusion of a combination of compacted snow and ice in the structure of the dam wall is important for increasing the strength of the dam shaft, in addition, they are less prone to melting compared to regular snow. Moreover, as means 9 for thermal insulation, bags with a filler based on a material of plant origin are used. These bags, as in the implementation of the technical solution according to the first embodiment, are closed from above with at least one flexible concrete mat 10 or bags with ballast.

Despite the need to use additional elements in the design (means for thermal insulation, a flexible concrete mat or ballast bags), it is thanks to their application that it becomes possible to abandon the monolithic main body of the dam-shaft made of ice and, as a result, make the structure simpler, more durable, reliable and quick to assemble in almost any place.

It is advisable to form the base 12 of the dam shaft from compacted snow or frozen ice to reduce thawing of the dam shaft from below. The base is formed using, for example, snowfalls (SU 1650019 A1, 05/23/1991; SU 1209045 A1, 02/07/1986).

The maximum height H of the water-containing structure is usually from 2 to 7 m, and its thickness W is from 4 to 20 m. The greater the height of the structure, the more it should have a greater thickness, which will provide it with the necessary strength. The design of these sizes is applicable in most possible situations.

To significantly enhance the reliability of the structure, an internal reinforcing frame 13 of wooden or reinforced concrete elements is used. In this case, the frame 13 is first installed at the place of construction of the dam shaft, and then snow is raked around it, forming the main body of the dam shaft 4. The frame 13 is installed directly on the surface of the earth or deepened to the required depth, as shown in Fig. 5, to give greater stability. At the same time, thanks to the frame 13, it is not necessary to make a water-containing structure with the usual large thickness. The thickness of the structure W from 3 to 15 m is permissible.

A snow dam is more resistant to water if the waterproofing agent 14, for example, a polymer film, is introduced into the snow layer of the upper layer of the dam. When using means 14 for waterproofing, water does not penetrate into the thickness of the main body 8 of the dam shaft, so that the snow that forms it is better preserved.

Also, to protect the snow of the main body 8 of the dam shaft from melting, compact the snow of the upper layer of the dam shaft, before placing means 9 for thermal insulation. As an alternative solution, a dam is doused with a small amount of water. Perhaps a combination of ramming snow with dousing the surface of the dam wall with water. The main thing is that as a result a snow or ice crust forms, that is, a denser layer, in comparison with the mass of snow of the main body of the dam wall, mainly from 50 to 500 mm thick, which is sufficient protection of the snow from melting.

The main role in preventing snow melting of the dam shaft is played by the means 9 for thermal insulation. From the practical point of view, it is most simple to execute it in the form of polymer bags stuffed with straw or sawdust or other available plant material. Also, as a means of 9 for thermal insulation, foam plates are used, if any.

After the flood and the flow of water, flexible concrete mats are stacked in piles at the place of their storage until next year. Plastic bags and foam boards are also removed. Deprived of protection, the dam wall from the snow quickly melts. If a reinforcing cage was used, then it is gradually exposed and becomes available for disassembly and movement to the warehouse. The place that was occupied by the rampart is completely vacated. Moreover, any restoration work in this area is practically not required, which allows you to quickly resume its normal operation.

Claims (28)

1. A method of protecting the territory from flooding during spring floods, including the construction of a temporary water-heating structure in the form of a dam wall using snow during the winter season, characterized in that the main body of the snow dam wall is created directly on the edge of the protected area, on top of which they are laid means for thermal insulation of the main body of the dam shaft, after which the means for thermal insulation are closed with at least one flexible concrete mat or bags with ballast. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the base of the dam shaft is first formed from rammed snow or ice. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the water heating structure is 2 ÷ 7 m, and its thickness is 4 ÷ 20 m 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the main body of the dam wall is created by raking snow around a wooden or reinforced concrete frame. 5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the height of the water heating structure is 2 ÷ 7 m, and its thickness is 3 ÷ 15 m. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in the snow layer of the upper layer of the dam wall a means for waterproofing is introduced in the form of a polymer film. 7. The method according to claim 1 or 6, characterized in that the snow is compacted in the upper layer of the dam wall and / or watered with water until a snow or ice crust forms. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the snow or ice crust has a thickness of 50 ÷ 500 mm 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for thermal insulation is a polymer bag stuffed with straw, or sawdust, or other material of plant origin. 10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for thermal insulation is a foam plate. 11. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, as ballast, the bags are filled with sand, gravel or clay. 12. A temporary water-containing structure made in the form of a dam wall using snow, characterized in that it contains the main body of the dam wall from snow, means for thermal insulation of the main body of the dam wall, at least one flexible concrete mat or bags with ballast, moreover, the means for thermal insulation is laid over the main body of the dam shaft and is closed by at least one flexible concrete mat or bags with ballast. 13. The construction according to p. 12, characterized in that the main body of the dam wall is based on compacted snow or ice. 14. The structure according to p. 12, characterized in that it has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 4 ÷ 20 m. 15. The construction according to p. 12, characterized in that inside the main body of the dam shaft is a wooden or reinforced concrete frame. 16. The construction according to p. 15, characterized in that it has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 3 ÷ 15 m. 17. The construction according to p. 12, characterized in that the upper layer of the main body of the dam wall is a snow or ice crust with a thickness of 50 ÷ 500 mm with a means for waterproofing placed in it in the form of a polymer film. 18. The construction according to p. 12, characterized in that the means for thermal insulation is a polymer bag stuffed with straw, or sawdust, or other material of plant origin. 19. The construction according to p. 12, characterized in that the means for thermal insulation is a foam plate. 20. The construction of claim 12, wherein the bags are filled with sand, gravel or clay as ballast. 21. A temporary water-containing structure made in the form of a dam wall using snow, characterized in that the dam wall contains compacted snow masses and not more than 50% of the ice from the total volume of the dam wall, on top of which bags filled with vegetable material are laid origin, closed on top with at least one flexible concrete mat or ballast bags. 22. The structure according to item 21, characterized in that the main body of the dam wall is on the basis of compacted snow or ice. 23. The structure according to item 21, characterized in that it has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 4 ÷ 20 m. 24. The structure according to item 21, characterized in that inside the main body of the dam shaft is a wooden or reinforced concrete frame. 25. The construction according to paragraph 24, characterized in that it has a height of 2 ÷ 7 m and a thickness of 3 ÷ 15 m. 26. The structure according to item 21, wherein the upper layer of the main body of the dam wall is a snow or ice crust with a thickness of 50 ÷ 500 mm 27. The construction according to p. 26, characterized in that in the thickness of the snow or ice crust placed means for waterproofing in the form of a polymer film. 28. The structure according to item 21, wherein the bags are filled with sand, gravel or clay as ballast.

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