EP3914779B1 - Prefabricated stackable caisson - Google Patents

Prefabricated stackable caisson Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3914779B1
EP3914779B1 EP20701462.2A EP20701462A EP3914779B1 EP 3914779 B1 EP3914779 B1 EP 3914779B1 EP 20701462 A EP20701462 A EP 20701462A EP 3914779 B1 EP3914779 B1 EP 3914779B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
caisson
vertical
situated
recesses
box
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EP20701462.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3914779A1 (en
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Daniel Mouton
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/0216—Cribbing walls
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/14—Preformed blocks or slabs for forming essentially continuous surfaces; Arrangements thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/205—Securing of slopes or inclines with modular blocks, e.g. pre-fabricated
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D23/00—Caissons; Construction or placing of caissons
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
    • E02B3/066—Quays

Definitions

  • the object of the present invention is to provide improvements to the construction of various civil engineering structures such as retaining walls, bank protections or embankments, by means of prefabricated stackable boxes whose compartments are intended to receive a filling in various materials and whose overall rigidity of the work is ensured by vertical and horizontal stiffeners in reinforced concrete, conferring at the same time advantages of confinement to the product placed in the compartments of the caissons.
  • Retaining structures, walls in particular, are essentially made using different techniques such as massive stone walls (since antiquity), reinforced concrete walls, prefabricated elements that are transportable or cast on site, baskets in metal mesh (gabions) filled with stone, solid or honeycomb stackable concrete blocks according to several systems with often facial finishes imitating stone or other materials, prefabricated and stackable concrete elements for planters and green walls , or shuttering blocks for small structures.
  • massive stone walls since antiquity
  • reinforced concrete walls prefabricated elements that are transportable or cast on site
  • baskets in metal mesh (gabions) filled with stone solid or honeycomb stackable concrete blocks according to several systems with often facial finishes imitating stone or other materials
  • prefabricated and stackable concrete elements for planters and green walls or shuttering blocks for small structures.
  • the solid walls, the elements and the prefabricated concrete blocks intended for the realization of retaining walls constitute the major part of the whole of the work as well in the face of facing as in the structural part, but are dissociated from the part drainage and the first part of the backfill
  • Gabions have very good qualities for letting runoff water through and correctly absorb, due to their flexibility, variations in the terrain on which they are placed.
  • bridge abutment structures or embankment restraints under road and rail traffic lanes are made with mixed techniques of facing in precast concrete elements and embankment in reinforced earth.
  • Embankment structures or river or sea bank restraints are also carried out with these mixed techniques, or by rockfill dumped in bulk or placed with a mechanical shovel, sometimes bonded by filling concrete poured into the cavities to form the shell. of the work.
  • Some structures are also made of shuttered concrete poured on site according to the possibilities and the constraints of water levels.
  • embankments are often made in relation to the mechanical qualities of the latter and the geographical proximity of the site for reasons of transport costs.
  • Each of the documents JPS59150810A And JPS5838826U discloses a box of parallelepiped shape delimited by long and short peripheral vertical walls, which box comprises interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, and at least one interior central column placed at the junction of said interior partitions.
  • the invention aims to provide a prefabricated product capable of producing a stable structure and different conformations.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated product which is very insensitive to erosion, to torrential rain runoff, to floods, to the effects of breaking waves, for the construction of various structures: retaining walls, crossing or retaining watercourses, protection of river and maritime banks, green walls, planters, etc....
  • the characteristics of the prefabricated compartmentalized box of the invention provide both great simplicity in its implementation and allow, by composition of assembly, to produce large-scale works with the same element which stacks and binds solidly, also allowing the burial of more or less polluted products in these works.
  • this caisson facilitates the construction of works in the presence of water by avoiding the phases of formwork, reinforcement, pouring, stripping, drying in situ as well as most of the risks inherent in landslides and/or rising water. both river and sea.
  • the invention relates firstly to a box of parallelepiped shape delimited by long and short peripheral vertical walls, which box comprises interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, and at least one interior central column which is placed at the junction of said vertical partitions (3 and 3c), said box is characterized in that said at least one inner central column (7) extends from a multi-position interlocking device (8) located in the lower part of the box (1) , to a fitting device (9) located in the upper part of said box (1).
  • the interlocking devices confer on the box of the invention, and on the work produced from a stack of such boxes, great modularity in the shape of the works since the juxtaposed and superimposed boxes can be offset from each other.
  • the possibility of such an offset also ensures the stability of the structure, in particular by the possibility of achieving a significant inclination towards the rear of the structure or of a part of the structure, this inclination also being referred to as "fruit" in the field.
  • the invention finally relates to a civil engineering structure comprising at least two caissons of the invention,
  • the structure of the box of the invention in particular its compartments, ensures rapid pouring of concrete reinforcement elements, reinforced or not, in the box without additional formwork, between two tides for example.
  • the compartments can be open or closed at the bottom depending on the destination of use.
  • the ratio of the dimensions (length/width) of the caisson makes it possible to position the caissons of a structure in the same plane, either in the same direction of alignment, or with an alignment offset in this same direction, or staggered (checkerboard).
  • the alignment offset of each upper row of boxes can be low or higher.
  • the boxes can be positioned, for simple works, with their long wall in front of the work to be carried out, thus offering two minimum compartments to be filled in depth or, with their short wall in front of the work to be carried out, three compartments minimum to fill in depth.
  • the compartments of the caissons placed on the front of the structure can be filled with concrete in order to form a shield or a shell, and the compartments located at the rear can be filled with draining materials or backfill.
  • a massive structure of large dimensions such as a structure for the protection of river or maritime banks, can easily be formed by several caissons juxtaposed one behind the other, staggered or not at each higher row.
  • the layout and shape of the reinforced concrete stiffeners makes it possible, after casting them, to ensure both a solid hold of the caissons between them as well as total containment, like a "sarcophagus". , materials placed in the compartments in any row offset configuration.
  • the box is of parallelepipedal shape, provided with interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, the long and short peripheral vertical walls of which comprise vertical recesses in indentation open towards the outside and arranged at regular intervals, interior central columns placed at the junction of the interior partitions and connecting a combination of multi-position female interlocking devices, in the lower part, to a female interlocking device, in the upper part, itself comprising a lifting and handling, and on its upper and lower horizontal edges of the horizontal recesses open outwards.
  • the box can be positioned by superposition either exactly plumb with the lower box, or slightly offset in a single direction, or simultaneously in two longitudinal and transverse directions, on the same horizontal plane, or offset more significantly than one third or two thirds of its length on the same horizontal plane in order to give a significant backward inclination otherwise called "fruit" to a retaining wall or a stepped “pyramid” style recess for such a wall or a bank protection or embankment structure.
  • This offset is made possible by the presence of the interlocking devices 8.9 and more particularly the multi-position interlocking device 8.
  • This device also allows an overhanging superposition thus constituting a bridge arch.
  • the lower face of the box comprises at least two multi-position interlocking devices, each composed of several female cavities distributed circularly around a central cavity centered in the vertical axis of each column.
  • the box has side recesses in notch, vertical and horizontal, allowing by juxtaposition of two boxes to form a formwork cavity to the effect of receiving the reinforced concrete structure holding the boxes between them and of the entire structure made up of all the caissons.
  • these recesses are preferably of rounded section rather than angular.
  • the vertical lateral recesses can be of semi-frustoconical shape in order to ensure the continuity of the section of the vertical stiffeners in the event of a shift in the positioning of the boxes in superposition, in the horizontal plane, according to the possibilities offered by the interlocking devices placed on the underside of the box.
  • the vertical recesses indentation of the vertical side walls can be of semi-frustoconical shape, the small section of which is located at the bottom of the wall and the large section is located at the top of the wall.
  • the lateral horizontal recesses make it possible, by juxtaposition of two caissons, to form a formwork cavity in order to receive the horizontal reinforced concrete structure holding the caissons together and the whole of the structure. composed by all the boxes.
  • these recesses are preferably rounded in shape rather than angular.
  • the horizontal lateral recesses may be of extended shape in order to ensure the continuity of the section of the horizontal stiffeners in the event of a shift in the positioning of the boxes in superposition, in the horizontal plane, according to the possibilities offered by the interlocking devices placed underneath. -front of the box.
  • the horizontal recesses of the upper and lower horizontal edges are of rounded shape in the form of a quarter-circle portion and that the upper horizontal recess is elongated, or in other words that the horizontal recess has in section a flat portion on the side of the corresponding edge extending by a portion in the arc of a circle towards the center of the box.
  • Another improvement provided by the method is that certain compartments of the caisson have devices for placing and maintaining additional walls which make it possible to choose and adjust the thickness of a shield or a concrete shell intended to reinforce the protection of structure to road shocks or erosion caused by water, whether river or sea.
  • This shield or shell can be made of ordinary concrete or aggregate concrete from demolition.
  • the compartments located on a long face and a short face can be partially provided with serrations symmetrically opposite each other and two by two on the four internal faces of these compartments.
  • the interior partitions can be used concomitantly connection between the outer walls of the box and the columns placed in the central part, thus avoiding distortion phenomena when handling the box by lifting equipment or when pouring structural concrete into the vertical recesses formed by two recesses in each boxes placed opposite each other.
  • the vertical interior partitions of the compartments are arranged inside the box so as to connect the wall of each vertical recess in notch to a column, or to two columns for the central wall.
  • the upper part of the columns exceeds the height of the top of the internal partitions and the top of the walls of the horizontal recesses in order to allow the placement of different spacer elements depending on the type of closure desired of the compartments and, at the same time, the importance the desired alignment offset between two rows of superimposed boxes.
  • the upper parts of the vertical interior partitions, of the vertical recesses in notch and of the upper horizontal recesses can have a recessed relief for hooking and holding the spacers and compensators, or covers.
  • the dimensions of the caisson must allow it to be associated, by juxtaposition in one direction or the other, with the other adjoining boxes.
  • the width of the box can be equal to two thirds of its length.
  • the caisson of the invention is particularly intended for the construction of civil engineering works such as retaining walls, retaining embankments, works for the protection of river and maritime banks, crossing watercourses, embankment and the burial of possibly polluted and/or polluting materials.
  • the general embodiment of the works comprising the caissons of the invention is similar to the majority of other systems by simple juxtaposition and superposition of the elements, laid by simple vertical interlocking, then by casting the structural and connection stiffeners, without t is useful to describe the various operations for the production of structural parts in reinforced concrete which are the subject of studies and calculations by a design office according to the professional or normative rules in force for the work concerned.
  • the filling of the compartments of the caissons can be carried out in whole or in part on the construction site of the work, or prior to its transport to the same site, closed or not by a lid depending on the nature and/or the quality of the material of filling.
  • the presence of the facial walls, the interior compartments, and the vertical columns extending from the multi-position interlocking device to the interlocking device preferably composed of a female cavity 9 form the essential characteristics of the box of the invention allowing it an offset arrangement along the longitudinal and/or transverse directions with respect to the other box sections of the structure.
  • the width of the box (1) is equal to two thirds of the length of the said box (1).
  • Removable partitions 25 illustrated on the figure 2 , 7 And 16 consist of a plate of regular thickness extending between vertical walls and being inserted between the crenellations 15 of the walls forming the compartments 2 concerned.
  • At least one interior compartment 2 located along a short face 5 and/or a long face 4 comprises on at least two of its opposite interior faces at least two serrations 15 which are symmetrically arranged opposite each other extending parallel to the face 4.5 along which said interior compartment is located.
  • At least one interior corner compartment 2 which is located both along a short face 5 and a long face 4 and which is adjacent to the interior compartment 2 having at least two crenellations 15 on at least two of its opposite inner faces, comprises at least two serrations 15 on each of its four inner faces, which serrations 15) are symmetrically arranged in pairs opposite each other.
  • the serrations previously described receive the removable partitions for a use described below.
  • a spacer element 18 illustrated in the figure 10 consists of a one-piece body of elongated shape, of a thickness equal to that of the partitions 3, flat on its upper face and provided on its lower face with a projecting relief 26 matching the shape of the recessed relief 17 provided on the upper free edge of the wall 3.
  • This element can possibly be reinforced by a reinforcing bar.
  • a cover element 19 illustrated in the figure 5 and partially on the figure 11 consists of a plate of regular thickness extending and resting on the upper parts 16 or free upper edges of the interior partitions 3, 3c and the walls of the vertical 6 and horizontal 11 recesses, the periphery of the lower face of which is provided a projecting relief 27 for hooking and holding fitting into the recessed relief 17 of the elements 3,3c,6,11 on which it is placed.
  • This element can possibly be reinforced by reinforcement.
  • This element can be sealed, or even mechanically fixed, depending on the intended use of the box.
  • a tenon element 20 illustrated in the figure 7 consists of a one-piece body of shape matching that of the female cavities 9, 13 and 14 of the interlocking devices 9.8 and fitting into them, of a length substantially less than the sum of the heights (or thicknesses ) two cavities 9, 13,14 and an intermediate element or cover 18, 19.
  • This element can possibly be reinforced by reinforcement.
  • Compensating elements 21, 22, 23 illustrated on the figure 11 consist of a one-piece body of elongated shape marrying on its lower face the shape of the horizontal recess 11, plane on its upper face, and whose refined part 21a is provided, on the lower face, with a projecting relief 27 hooking and holding fitting into the recessed relief 17 of the elements 3,3c,6,11 on which it is placed.
  • the spacer elements 18 and 19 as well as the compensating elements 21, 22 and 23 have a common height (or thickness) allowing alignment of their upper face in the horizontal plane when they are mounted on the box 1.
  • the constituent material of the caissons 1, as well as of the other intermediate elements 18, 19 tenon 20 and compensators 21, 22 and 23, can in particular be a mineral aggregate concrete.
  • the box is molded in a set of formwork, those delimiting the interior compartments of which are composed of several parts in order to easily unmold each part of each compartment.
  • the caissons 1 are placed on a foundation or a raft in which the reinforcement cages of the posts or vertical stiffeners have been previously left on standby if it is a structure with a reinforced concrete structure. .
  • the first row of boxes 1 can be placed on a bed of mortar, or on shims, in order to compensate for any irregularities in the support and to wedge it without fault in horizontality or verticality.
  • the boxes are juxtaposed on the same row by placing the notched recesses 6 opposite those of the adjacent box 1.
  • FIG 14 illustrates an example of different possibilities of positioning the caissons 1, either on their long face 4 or on their short face 5, in order to form a structure with possible offsets in the alignment of its faces.
  • FIG 15 illustrates an example of reinforcement from the example of the figure 14 , the reinforcements of the posts or vertical stiffeners being placed beforehand in the recesses formed jointly by two recesses in notch 6 facing each other, and the horizontal reinforcements then being placed in the horizontal recesses in notch 11.
  • Studs 20 ( figure 7 ) are positioned in the cavities 9 of the columns 7 in order to facilitate the alignment or the alignment offset chosen.
  • the spacer elements 18, 19 and the compensating elements 21, 22 or 23 are positioned on the upper parts 16 of the various walls as illustrated on the figure 5 , 12 , 13 And 17 at 24 and depending on whether the compartments 2 have been chosen to remain open or closed in the lower part and/or in the upper part.
  • any filling concrete forming a shield or carapace on one or more faces of the structure is poured in the parts concerned before being covered by another caisson of the upper row. Casting is carried out at the level of the long 4 or short 5 faces thanks to the arrangement of the removable partitions 25 to reinforce the work, as previously described.
  • the boxes 1 of the upper row can then be positioned on those of the lower row as illustrated on the figures 25 to 27 .
  • the multi-position interlocking device of the box of the invention makes it possible to ensure an offset in the superposition of the boxes in a single longitudinal or transverse direction, or in both directions. This shift can be less important as illustrated on the figure 19 , 21 And 23 .
  • the structural concrete, between the caissons 1 is poured both in the vertical posts and in the horizontal stiffeners after a row of caissons 1 has come to completely close the horizontal recess formed, between two superimposed caissons, by a recess 11 partly bottom and a recess 12 in the upper part.
  • the upper part of the structure may or may not be closed depending on the intended use of the structure.
  • the compartments will remain open in the upper part in order to plant plants including trees.
  • the covers 19 can simply close the compartments.
  • a slab, a slab or an embankment for the body of the roadway may cover the compartments.
  • the construction element according to the invention is particularly intended for the construction of civil engineering works in retaining walls, for the protection of banks, for watercourse crossings, for embankment works or for the burial of polluting materials. more or less confined.

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Description

La présente invention a pour objet d'apporter des perfectionnements à la construction de divers ouvrages de génie civil tels que les murs de soutènement, les protections de berges ou l'endiguement, au moyen de caissons empilables préfabriqués dont les compartiments sont destinés à recevoir un remplissage en matériaux divers et dont la rigidité globale de l'ouvrage est assurée par des raidisseurs verticaux et horizontaux en béton armé, conférant en même temps des avantages de confinement au produit placé dans les compartiments des caissons.The object of the present invention is to provide improvements to the construction of various civil engineering structures such as retaining walls, bank protections or embankments, by means of prefabricated stackable boxes whose compartments are intended to receive a filling in various materials and whose overall rigidity of the work is ensured by vertical and horizontal stiffeners in reinforced concrete, conferring at the same time advantages of confinement to the product placed in the compartments of the caissons.

Les ouvrages de soutènement, murs en particulier, sont essentiellement réalisés à partir de différentes techniques telles que des murs massifs en pierre (depuis l'antiquité), des murs en béton armé, des préfabriqués par éléments transportables ou coulés sur place, des paniers en grillage métallique (gabions) remplis de pierre, des blocs de béton empilables pleins ou alvéolés selon plusieurs systèmes avec souvent des finitions faciales imitant la pierre ou d'autres matériaux, des éléments en béton préfabriqués et empilables pour des réalisations de jardinières et de murs végétalisés, ou des blocs à bancher pour des ouvrages de dimensions réduites.Retaining structures, walls in particular, are essentially made using different techniques such as massive stone walls (since antiquity), reinforced concrete walls, prefabricated elements that are transportable or cast on site, baskets in metal mesh (gabions) filled with stone, solid or honeycomb stackable concrete blocks according to several systems with often facial finishes imitating stone or other materials, prefabricated and stackable concrete elements for planters and green walls , or shuttering blocks for small structures.

Les murs massifs, les éléments et les blocs de béton préfabriqués destinés à la réalisation de murs de soutènement constituent la majeure partie de l'ensemble de l'ouvrage tant dans la face de parement que dans la partie structurelle, mais sont dissociés de la partie drainante et de la première partie du remblaiThe solid walls, the elements and the prefabricated concrete blocks intended for the realization of retaining walls constitute the major part of the whole of the work as well in the face of facing as in the structural part, but are dissociated from the part drainage and the first part of the backfill

Lors de phénomènes climatiques ou géologiques violents, ces éléments, qui sont peu ou pas du tout liaisonnés entre eux, peuvent se dissocier très rapidement, entraînant des dommages importants, voire la ruine de tout ou partie de l'ouvrage.During violent climatic or geological phenomena, these elements, which are hardly or not at all linked together, can dissociate very quickly, causing significant damage, or even the ruin of all or part of the structure.

Les gabions ont de très bonnes qualités à laisser passer les eaux de ruissellement et absorbent correctement, de par leur flexibilité, des variations du terrain sur lequel ils sont placés.Gabions have very good qualities for letting runoff water through and correctly absorb, due to their flexibility, variations in the terrain on which they are placed.

Cependant, de par la faible résistance mécanique de ces paniers et de l'empierrement intérieur, l'ouvrage peut se déformer considérablement lors de variations importantes du terrain le supportant et là aussi, aboutir à une dégradation importante de la structure de l'ouvrage.However, due to the low mechanical resistance of these baskets and the internal stonework, the structure can deform considerably during important variations of the ground supporting it and there also, to lead to a significant degradation of the structure of the work.

Certains ouvrages de culées de ponts ou de retenues de remblais sous des voies de circulation routière et ferroviaire sont réalisés avec des techniques mixtes de parement en éléments de béton préfabriqués et de remblai en terre armée.Some bridge abutment structures or embankment restraints under road and rail traffic lanes are made with mixed techniques of facing in precast concrete elements and embankment in reinforced earth.

Les ouvrages d'endiguement ou de retenues de berges fluviales ou maritimes sont également réalisés avec ces techniques mixtes, ou par des enrochements déversés en vrac ou placés à la pelle mécanique, parfois liaisonnés par un béton de remplissage coulé dans les cavités pour constituer la carapace de l'ouvrage.Embankment structures or river or sea bank restraints are also carried out with these mixed techniques, or by rockfill dumped in bulk or placed with a mechanical shovel, sometimes bonded by filling concrete poured into the cavities to form the shell. of the work.

Le coût d'extraction de ces roches, leur transport et leur mise en place n'est pas négligeable, tout autant que leur impact environnemental.The cost of extracting these rocks, transporting them and placing them in place is not negligible, as is their environmental impact.

Certains ouvrages sont également réalisés en béton banché coulé sur place selon les possibilités et les contraintes de niveaux des eaux.Some structures are also made of shuttered concrete poured on site according to the possibilities and the constraints of water levels.

Là encore, ces ouvrages se détériorent brutalement soit par des aléas climatiques exceptionnels et très violents, ou lentement, soit par des phénomènes d'affaiblissement des renforts de l'ouvrage dus à la corrosion des armatures du béton armé qui le compose, soit par des circonstances qui, avec le temps, déstabilisent ou fracturent l'ouvrage dans sa globalité, le rendant plus vulnérable aux prochains assauts climatiques.Here again, these structures deteriorate suddenly either by exceptional and very violent climatic hazards, or slowly, or by phenomena of weakening of the reinforcements of the structure due to the corrosion of the reinforcements of the reinforced concrete which composes it, or by circumstances which, over time, destabilize or fracture the structure as a whole, making it more vulnerable to future climatic attacks.

Une fois la carapace ou le bouclier de l'ouvrage endommagé, l'eau érode rapidement le remblai qu'emporte alors le fleuve ou la mer.Once the carapace or the shield of the structure is damaged, the water quickly erodes the fill, which is then washed away by the river or the sea.

La réparation de ces ouvrages s'avère coûteuse et délicate, en plus des coûts associés aux dégâts provoqués à l'arrière sur les autres ouvrages qu'ils étaient censés protéger.The repair of these structures is costly and delicate, in addition to the costs associated with the damage caused to the rear on the other structures that they were supposed to protect.

A l'exception des blocs à bancher et d'autres éléments préfabriqués manuportables, la quasi-totalité de ces ouvrages est réalisée avec des moyens de coffrages classiques comme les banches, des parois préfabriquées plus ou moins massives, ou un système de type « terre armée » consistant à intégrer par couches dans le remblai des armatures de type treillis soudé accrochées à un élément de façade ;.With the exception of shuttering blocks and other portable prefabricated elements, almost all of these works are carried out with conventional formwork means such as formwork, more or less massive prefabricated walls, or an "earth" type system. reinforced” consisting of integrating welded mesh-type reinforcements in layers into the embankment, attached to a facade element;.

Par ailleurs, le choix des remblais est souvent fait en rapport avec les qualités mécaniques de celui-ci et de la proximité géographique du chantier pour des raisons de coût d'acheminement.In addition, the choice of embankments is often made in relation to the mechanical qualities of the latter and the geographical proximity of the site for reasons of transport costs.

Les possibilités d'enfouissement de remblais ou de matériaux quelconque pollués sont peu retenues du fait que les techniques exposées plus haut ne conviennent pas au confinement plus ou moins nécessaire à l'utilisation de ces matériaux en remblai, alors que leur coût de traitement ou d'enfouissement spécifique est non-négligeable.The possibilities of burying fill or any polluted materials are little considered because the techniques described above are not suitable for the confinement more or less necessary for the use of these materials as fill, while their cost of treatment or disposal he specific landfill is non-negligible.

Les possibilités d'utilisations multiples d'un même produit sont très limitées par la conception même des produits existants qui se limite à un usage spécifique, voire à deux usages.The possibilities of multiple uses of the same product are very limited by the very design of existing products which is limited to a specific use, or even to two uses.

Chacun des documents JPS59150810A et JPS5838826U divulgue un caisson de forme parallélépipédique délimitée par des parois verticales périphériques longues et courtes, lequel caisson comporte des compartiments intérieurs séparés par des cloisons verticales, et au moins une colonne centrale intérieure placée à la jonction desdites cloisons intérieures.Each of the documents JPS59150810A And JPS5838826U discloses a box of parallelepiped shape delimited by long and short peripheral vertical walls, which box comprises interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, and at least one interior central column placed at the junction of said interior partitions.

Pour pallier aux différents inconvénients évoqués ci-dessus, l'invention a pour objet de proposer un produit préfabriqué apte à réaliser un ouvrage stable et de différentes conformations . L'invention a également pour objet de proposer un produit préfabriqué très peu sensible à l'érosion, aux ruissellements de pluies torrentielles, aux crues, aux effets de houle déferlante, pour la réalisation de différents ouvrages : murs de soutènement, franchissement ou retenue de cours d'eau, protection des berges fluviales et maritimes, murs végétalisés, jardinières, etc.... Les caractéristiques ducaisson compartimenté préfabriqué de l'invention apportent à la fois une grande simplicité dans sa mise en oeuvre et permettent, par composition d'assemblage, de réaliser des ouvrages de grandes dimensions avec le même élément qui s'empile et se liaisonne solidement, en permettant également l'enfouissement de produits plus ou moins pollués, dans ces ouvrages.To overcome the various drawbacks mentioned above, the invention aims to provide a prefabricated product capable of producing a stable structure and different conformations. Another object of the invention is to provide a prefabricated product which is very insensitive to erosion, to torrential rain runoff, to floods, to the effects of breaking waves, for the construction of various structures: retaining walls, crossing or retaining watercourses, protection of river and maritime banks, green walls, planters, etc.... The characteristics of the prefabricated compartmentalized box of the invention provide both great simplicity in its implementation and allow, by composition of assembly, to produce large-scale works with the same element which stacks and binds solidly, also allowing the burial of more or less polluted products in these works.

Comme tout élément préfabriqué, ce caisson facilite la réalisation d'ouvrage en présence d'eau en évitant les phases de coffrage, ferraillage, coulage, décoffrage, séchage in situ ainsi que la majeure partie des risques inhérents aux éboulements et/ou montées des eaux tant fluviales que maritimes.Like any prefabricated element, this caisson facilitates the construction of works in the presence of water by avoiding the phases of formwork, reinforcement, pouring, stripping, drying in situ as well as most of the risks inherent in landslides and/or rising water. both river and sea.

Dans ce contexte, l'invention vise en premier lieu un caisson de forme parallélépipédique délimitée par des parois verticales périphériques longues et courtes, lequel caisson comporte des compartiments intérieurs séparés par des cloisons verticales, et au moins une colonne centrale intérieure qui est placée à la jonction desdites cloisons verticales (3 et 3c), ledit caisson est caractérisé en ce que ladite au moins une colonne centrale intérieure (7) s'étend depuis un dispositif d'emboîtement multi-positions (8) situé en partie inférieure du caisson (1), jusqu'à un dispositif d'emboîtement (9) situé en partie supérieure dudit caisson (1).In this context, the invention relates firstly to a box of parallelepiped shape delimited by long and short peripheral vertical walls, which box comprises interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, and at least one interior central column which is placed at the junction of said vertical partitions (3 and 3c), said box is characterized in that said at least one inner central column (7) extends from a multi-position interlocking device (8) located in the lower part of the box (1) , to a fitting device (9) located in the upper part of said box (1).

Les dispositifs d'emboitement confèrent au caisson de l'invention, et à l'ouvrage réalisé à partir d'un empilement de tels caissons, une grande modularité dans la forme des ouvrages puisque les caissons juxtaposés et superposés pourront être décalées entre eux. En outre, la possibilité d'un tel décalage assure également la stabilité de l'ouvrage, notamment par la possibilité de réaliser une sensible inclinaison vers l'arrière de l'ouvrage ou d'une partie de l'ouvrage, cette inclinaison étant également dénommée « fruit » dans le domaine.The interlocking devices confer on the box of the invention, and on the work produced from a stack of such boxes, great modularity in the shape of the works since the juxtaposed and superimposed boxes can be offset from each other. In addition, the possibility of such an offset also ensures the stability of the structure, in particular by the possibility of achieving a significant inclination towards the rear of the structure or of a part of the structure, this inclination also being referred to as "fruit" in the field.

L'élément à bancher de l'invention peut également comporter les caractéristiques optionnelles suivantes:

  • les parois verticales périphériques longues et courtes dudit caisson comportent des évidements verticaux en échancrure ouverts vers l'extérieur, et les arêtes horizontales supérieures et inférieures dudit caisson comportent des évidements horizontaux ouverts vers l'extérieur.
    La combinaison des dispositifs d'emboitement précités et des évidements permettent d'assurer efficacement et simplement le ferraillage de l'ouvrage, y compris lorsque les caissons sont décalés entre eux.
  • les évidements verticaux sont disposés à intervalles réguliers.
  • les évidements verticaux sont de forme demi-tronconique dont la petite section est située en partie inférieure du caisson et la plus grande section est située en partie supérieure dudit caisson.
  • les évidements horizontaux situés au niveau des arêtes horizontales supérieures et inférieures du caisson présentent en section une portion en arc de cercle, et l'évidement horizontal situé au niveau de l'arête supérieure du caisson présente en section une portion plane du côté de l'arête correspondante se prolongeant par ladite portion en arc de cercle.
  • les dispositifs d'emboitement sont de type femelle.
  • le dispositif d'emboîtement multi-positions est composé d'une pluralité de cavités femelles réparties circulairement autour d'une cavité centrale centrée sur l'axe vertical de la colonne considérée.
  • le caisson comporte au moins deux dispositifs d'emboîtement multi-positions.
  • au moins un compartiment intérieur situé le long d'une face courte et/ou d'une face longue comporte sur au moins deux de ses faces intérieures opposées au moins deux crénelures qui sont symétriquement disposées opposées entre elles en s'étendant parallèlement à la face le long de laquelle est situé ledit compartiment intérieur.
  • au moins un compartiment intérieur d'angle qui est situé à la fois le long d'une face courte et d'une face longue et qui est adjacent au compartiment intérieur présentant au moins deux crénelures sur au moins deux de ses faces intérieures opposées, comporte au moins deux crénelures sur chacune de ses quatre faces intérieures, lesquelles crénelures sont symétriquement disposées deux à deux opposées entre elles.
  • chaque cloison intérieure s'étend soit entre deux colonnes centrales, soit depuis une colonne centrale jusqu'à un évidement vertical en échancrure.
  • les bords supérieurs extrémaux des cloisons intérieures verticales, des évidements verticaux en échancrure et des évidements horizontaux situés au niveau de l'arête supérieure du caisson présentent un relief en creux apte à former moyen d'accrochage et de maintien de pièces intercalaires et compensateurs ou de couvercles.
  • le caisson comporte un dispositif de levage et de manutention situé au niveau du dispositif d'emboitement situé en partie supérieure du caisson.
  • le dispositif d'emboitement est de type femelle, et le dispositif de levage et de manutention est logé au fond de la cavité formée par le dispositif d'emboitement.
  • la largeur du caisson est égale aux deux tiers de sa longueur.
The shuttering element of the invention may also include the following optional characteristics:
  • the long and short peripheral vertical walls of said box comprise vertical recesses in notch open towards the outside, and the upper and lower horizontal edges of said box comprise horizontal recesses open towards the outside.
    The combination of the aforementioned interlocking devices and the recesses make it possible to effectively and simply ensure the reinforcement of the structure, including when the boxes are offset from each other.
  • the vertical recesses are arranged at regular intervals.
  • the vertical recesses are of semi-frustoconical shape, the small section of which is located in the lower part of the casing and the larger section is located in the upper part of said casing.
  • the horizontal recesses located at the level of the upper and lower horizontal edges of the box have in section a portion in the form of an arc of a circle, and the horizontal recess located at the level of the upper edge of the box has in section a flat portion on the side of the corresponding edge extending by said arcuate portion.
  • the interlocking devices are of the female type.
  • the multi-position interlocking device is composed of a plurality of female cavities distributed circularly around a central cavity centered on the vertical axis of the column in question.
  • the box comprises at least two multi-position interlocking devices.
  • at least one interior compartment located along a short face and/or a long face comprises on at least two of its opposite interior faces at least two serrations which are symmetrically arranged opposite each other while extending parallel to the face along which said interior compartment is located.
  • at least one inner corner compartment which is located along both a short face and a long face and which is adjacent to the inner compartment having at least two crenellations on at least two of its opposite inner faces, comprises at least two serrations on each of its four inner faces, which serrations are symmetrically arranged two by two opposite each other.
  • each interior partition extends either between two central columns, or from a central column to a vertical indentation.
  • the upper extreme edges of the vertical interior partitions, of the vertical recesses in notch and of the horizontal recesses situated at the level of the upper edge of the box have a recessed relief capable of forming a means for hooking and holding spacers and compensators or lids.
  • the box comprises a lifting and handling device located at the interlocking device located in the upper part of the box.
  • the interlocking device is of the female type, and the lifting and handling device is housed at the bottom of the cavity formed by the interlocking device.
  • the width of the box is equal to two thirds of its length.

L'invention porte enfin sur un ouvrage de génie civil comportant au moins deux caissons de l'invention,The invention finally relates to a civil engineering structure comprising at least two caissons of the invention,

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront à la lecture de la description qui suit, en référence aux figures annexées, qui illustrent :

  • La figure 1 représente le caisson 1 de l'invention vu de dessus ;
  • La figure 2 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 en coupe longitudinale ;
  • La figure 3 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 vu de dessous et illustré sans fond;
  • La figure 4 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 vu de dessous et illustré avec un fond;
  • La figure 5 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 vu de dessus et illustré avec des couvercles pour chacun des compartiments 2 dudit caisson 1 ;
  • La figure 6 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 selon la coupe verticale AA ;
  • La figure 7 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 selon la coupe verticale BB ;
  • La figure 8 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 vu de coté selon l'une de ses faces longitudinales ;
  • La figure 9 représente le caisson 1 de la figure 1 vu de coté selon l'une de ses faces transversales ;
  • La figure 10 est une vue agrandie de la partie supérieure de la paroi d'un compartiment du caisson de l'invention, laquelle partie supérieure est surmontée d'un élément intercalaire ;
  • La figure 11 est une autre vue agrandie de la partie supérieure de la paroi d'un compartiment du caisson de l'invention, laquelle partie supérieure est surmontée d'éléments intercalaires et compensateurs ;
  • La figure 12 représente en coupe les détails de superposition alignée des caissons 1 de l'invention formant l'ouvrage de génie civil de l'invention, illustrée sans fond à gauche et avec fond à droite ;
  • La figure 13 représente en coupe les détails de superposition décalée des caissons 1 de l'invention formant l'ouvrage de génie civil de l'invention, sans fond à gauche et avec fond à droite ;
  • La figure 14 représente un exemple de juxtaposition des caissons 1 de l'invention vu de dessus;
  • La figure 15 représente un exemple de ferraillage de la juxtaposition de caissons de la figure 14 ;
  • La figure 16 représente un exemple de juxtaposition des caissons 1 de l'invention vu de dessus, dans certains desquels caissons sont ménagées des parois amovibles intérieures selon différents positionnements, du béton étant coulé dans certaines parties des caissons ;
  • La figure 17 représente un exemple de juxtaposition et de superposition alignée de caissons 1 de l'invention vu de coté ;
  • La figure 18 représente un exemple de ferraillage partiel de la juxtaposition et de superposition alignée de caissons 1 de l'invention de la figure 17 ;
  • La figure 19 représente un premier exemple de juxtaposition et de superposition décalée de caissons 1 de l'invention vu de coté ;
  • La figure 20 représente un exemple de ferraillage partiel de la juxtaposition et de superposition alignée de caissons 1 de l'invention de la figure 19 ;
  • La figure 21 représente un second exemple de juxtaposition et de superposition décalée de caissons 1 de l'invention vu de coté ;
  • La figure 22 représente un exemple de ferraillage partiel de la juxtaposition et de superposition alignée de caissons 1 de l'invention de la figure 21 ;
  • La figure 23 représente un troisième exemple de juxtaposition et de superposition décalée de caissons 1 de l'invention vu de coté ;
  • La figure 24 représente un exemple de ferraillage partiel de la juxtaposition et de superposition alignée de caissons 1 de l'invention de la figure 23 ;
  • La figure 25 représente en vue de dessus un exemple de superposition décalée des caissons 1 de l'invention dans deux sens (longitudinal et transversal) et sur trois rangs;
  • La figure 26 représente en vue de dessus un deuxième exemple de superposition décalée des caissons 1 de l'invention, dans un sens et sur trois rangs;
  • La figure 27 représente un troisième exemple de superposition décalée des caissons 1 de l'invention, dans un sens et sur trois rangs,;
  • La figure 28 représente en vue de face trois exemples d'assemblage de caissons 1 de l'invention pour des ouvrages simples de retenues et de passage d'eau ;
  • La figure 29 représente en vue de face un autre exemple d'assemblage de caissons 1 de l'invention pour un ouvrage simple de pont avec piliers ; et
  • La figure 30 représente en vue de face un autre exemple d'assemblage de caissons 1 de l'invention pour un ouvrage de pont sans pilier central.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will become apparent on reading the following description, with reference to the appended figures, which illustrate:
  • There figure 1 shows the box 1 of the invention seen from above;
  • There picture 2 represents box 1 of the figure 1 in longitudinal section;
  • There picture 3 represents box 1 of the figure 1 viewed from below and illustrated without background;
  • There figure 4 represents box 1 of the figure 1 seen from below and illustrated with a background;
  • There figure 5 represents box 1 of the figure 1 seen from above and illustrated with covers for each of the compartments 2 of said box 1;
  • There figure 6 represents box 1 of the figure 1 according to the vertical section AA;
  • There figure 7 represents box 1 of the figure 1 according to the vertical section BB;
  • There figure 8 represents box 1 of the figure 1 seen from the side according to one of its longitudinal faces;
  • There figure 9 represents box 1 of the figure 1 seen from the side according to one of its transverse faces;
  • There figure 10 is an enlarged view of the upper part of the wall of a compartment of the box of the invention, which upper part is surmounted by an intermediate element;
  • There figure 11 is another enlarged view of the upper part of the wall of a compartment of the box of the invention, which upper part is surmounted by spacers and compensators;
  • There figure 12 shows in section the aligned superposition details of the caissons 1 of the invention forming the civil engineering work of the invention, illustrated without background on the left and with background on the right;
  • There figure 13 shows in section the offset superposition details of the caissons 1 of the invention forming the civil engineering work of the invention, without bottom on the left and with bottom on the right;
  • There figure 14 represents an example of juxtaposition of the caissons 1 of the invention seen from above;
  • There figure 15 represents an example of reinforcement of the juxtaposition of caissons of the figure 14 ;
  • There figure 16 shows an example of juxtaposition of the boxes 1 of the invention seen from above, in some of which boxes are provided with removable interior walls according to different positions, concrete being poured into certain parts of the boxes;
  • There figure 17 shows an example of juxtaposition and aligned superposition of caissons 1 of the invention seen from the side;
  • There figure 18 shows an example of partial reinforcement of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of boxes 1 of the invention of the figure 17 ;
  • There figure 19 represents a first example of juxtaposition and staggered superposition of caissons 1 of the invention seen from the side;
  • There figure 20 shows an example of partial reinforcement of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of boxes 1 of the invention of the figure 19 ;
  • There figure 21 shows a second example of juxtaposition and staggered superposition of caissons 1 of the invention seen from the side;
  • There figure 22 shows an example of partial reinforcement of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of boxes 1 of the invention of the figure 21 ;
  • There figure 23 represents a third example of juxtaposition and staggered superposition of caissons 1 of the invention seen from the side;
  • There figure 24 shows an example of partial reinforcement of the juxtaposition and aligned superposition of boxes 1 of the invention of the figure 23 ;
  • There figure 25 shows in top view an example of staggered superposition of the boxes 1 of the invention in two directions (longitudinal and transverse) and in three rows;
  • There figure 26 shows a top view of a second example of staggered superposition of the caissons 1 of the invention, in one direction and in three rows;
  • There figure 27 represents a third example of offset superposition of the caissons 1 of the invention, in one direction and in three rows;
  • There figure 28 shows in front view three examples of assembly of caissons 1 of the invention for simple works of reservoirs and water passage;
  • There figure 29 shows a front view of another example of an assembly of caissons 1 of the invention for a simple bridge structure with pillars; And
  • There figure 30 shows a front view of another example of an assembly of caissons 1 of the invention for a bridge structure without a central pillar.

Outre la solidité de l'ouvrage, sa simplicité de sa mise en oeuvre, la réalisation de d'ouvrages de grandes dimensions avec le même caisson, et la simplicité de réalisation de l'ouvrage en présence d'eau évoqués précédemment, la structure du caisson de l'invention, en particulier ses compartiments, assure un coulage rapide , des éléments de renforts en béton, armé ou non, dans le caisson sans coffrages additionnels, entre deux marées par exemple.In addition to the solidity of the structure, its simplicity of its implementation, the realization of large-scale structures with the same box, and the simplicity of realization of the structure in the presence of water mentioned above, the structure of the box of the invention, in particular its compartments, ensures rapid pouring of concrete reinforcement elements, reinforced or not, in the box without additional formwork, between two tides for example.

Les compartiments peuvent être ouverts ou fermés en partie inférieure selon la destination d'usage.The compartments can be open or closed at the bottom depending on the destination of use.

Par ailleurs, le rapport des dimensions (longueur/largeur) du caisson permet de positionner les caissons d'un ouvrage dans le même plan, soit dans un même sens d'alignement, soit avec un décalage d'alignement dans ce même sens, soit en quinconce (damier).In addition, the ratio of the dimensions (length/width) of the caisson makes it possible to position the caissons of a structure in the same plane, either in the same direction of alignment, or with an alignment offset in this same direction, or staggered (checkerboard).

Grâce à un dispositif d'emboîtement offrant plusieurs possibilités de positions, le décalage d'alignement de chaque rang supérieur de caissons peut être faible ou plus important.Thanks to an interlocking device offering several position possibilities, the alignment offset of each upper row of boxes can be low or higher.

Les caissons peuvent être positionnés, pour des ouvrages simples, avec leur paroi longue en façade de l'ouvrage à réaliser, offrant ainsi deux compartiments minimum à remplir en profondeur ou, avec leur paroi courte en façade de l'ouvrage à réaliser, trois compartiments minimum à remplir en profondeur.The boxes can be positioned, for simple works, with their long wall in front of the work to be carried out, thus offering two minimum compartments to be filled in depth or, with their short wall in front of the work to be carried out, three compartments minimum to fill in depth.

A titre d'exemple, les compartiments des caissons placés en façade de l'ouvrage peuvent être remplis de béton afin de constituer un bouclier ou une carapace, et les compartiments situés à l'arrière peuvent être remplis de matériaux drainants ou de remblai.For example, the compartments of the caissons placed on the front of the structure can be filled with concrete in order to form a shield or a shell, and the compartments located at the rear can be filled with draining materials or backfill.

Des dispositifs particuliers placés dans certains compartiments et décrits plus loin permettent de régler l'épaisseur de ce bouclier ou de cette carapace.Special devices placed in certain compartments and described later make it possible to adjust the thickness of this shield or of this carapace.

Un ouvrage massif de grande dimension, tel qu'un ouvrage de protection de berges fluviales ou maritimes, pourra être facilement constitué par plusieurs caissons juxtaposés les uns derrière les autres, décalés ou non à chaque rang supérieur.A massive structure of large dimensions, such as a structure for the protection of river or maritime banks, can easily be formed by several caissons juxtaposed one behind the other, staggered or not at each higher row.

La disposition et la forme des raidisseurs en béton armé, tant verticaux qu'horizontaux, permet, après coulage de ceux-ci, d'assurer à la fois un maintien solidaire des caissons entre eux autant qu'un confinement total, façon « sarcophage », des matériaux placés dans les compartiments dans quelque configuration de décalage des rangs que ce soit.The layout and shape of the reinforced concrete stiffeners, both vertical and horizontal, makes it possible, after casting them, to ensure both a solid hold of the caissons between them as well as total containment, like a "sarcophagus". , materials placed in the compartments in any row offset configuration.

Ces raidisseurs verticaux et horizontaux assurent en outre une rigidité complète à l'ouvrage et empêchent l'arrachement, par quelque raison accidentelle que ce soit, d'un caisson de l'ensemble de l'ouvrage ou la dislocation partielle ou totale de cet ouvrage lors de phénomènes accidentels ou climatiques exceptionnels et violents.These vertical and horizontal stiffeners also provide complete rigidity to the structure and prevent the tearing, for any accidental reason whatsoever, of a box from the entire structure or the partial or total dislocation of this structure. during exceptional and violent accidental or climatic phenomena.

Ainsi, dans une configuration préférée, le caisson est de forme parallélépipédique, muni de compartiments intérieurs séparés par des cloisons verticales, dont les parois verticales périphériques longues et courtes comportent des évidements verticaux en échancrure ouverts vers l'extérieur et disposés à intervalles réguliers, des colonnes centrales intérieures placées à la jonction des cloisons intérieures et reliant une combinaison de dispositifs d'emboîtement femelles multi-positions, en partie inférieure, à un dispositif d'emboîtement femelle, en partie supérieure, comportant lui-même un dispositif de levage et de manutention, et sur ses arêtes horizontales supérieures et inférieures des évidements horizontaux ouverts vers l'extérieur.Thus, in a preferred configuration, the box is of parallelepipedal shape, provided with interior compartments separated by vertical partitions, the long and short peripheral vertical walls of which comprise vertical recesses in indentation open towards the outside and arranged at regular intervals, interior central columns placed at the junction of the interior partitions and connecting a combination of multi-position female interlocking devices, in the lower part, to a female interlocking device, in the upper part, itself comprising a lifting and handling, and on its upper and lower horizontal edges of the horizontal recesses open outwards.

Un perfectionnement apporté par le procédé est que le caisson peut se positionner par superposition soit à l'aplomb exact du caisson inférieur, soit légèrement décalé dans une seule direction, ou simultanément dans deux directions longitudinales et transversales, sur le même plan horizontal, ou décalé de manière plus importante d'un tiers ou de deux tiers de sa longueur sur le même plan horizontal afin de donner une sensible inclinaison vers l'arrière autrement dénommé du « fruit » à une paroi de soutènement ou un retrait façon « pyramide » en escalier pour un tel mur ou un ouvrage de protection de berges ou d'endiguement. Ce décalage est rendu possible par la présence des dispositifs d'emboitement 8,9 et plus particulièrement du dispositif d'emboitement multi-positions 8.An improvement provided by the method is that the box can be positioned by superposition either exactly plumb with the lower box, or slightly offset in a single direction, or simultaneously in two longitudinal and transverse directions, on the same horizontal plane, or offset more significantly than one third or two thirds of its length on the same horizontal plane in order to give a significant backward inclination otherwise called "fruit" to a retaining wall or a stepped "pyramid" style recess for such a wall or a bank protection or embankment structure. This offset is made possible by the presence of the interlocking devices 8.9 and more particularly the multi-position interlocking device 8.

Ce dispositif permet également une superposition en surplomb constituant ainsi une arche de pont.This device also allows an overhanging superposition thus constituting a bridge arch.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, la face inférieure du caisson comporte au moins deux dispositifs d'emboîtement multi-positions, chacun composé de plusieurs cavités femelles réparties circulairement autour d'une cavité centrale centrée dans l'axe vertical de chaque colonne.Thus, according to another example, the lower face of the box comprises at least two multi-position interlocking devices, each composed of several female cavities distributed circularly around a central cavity centered in the vertical axis of each column.

Un autre perfectionnement apporté par le procédé est que le caisson possède des évidements latéraux en échancrure, verticaux et horizontaux, permettant par juxtaposition de deux caissons de former une cavité de coffrage à l'effet de recevoir la structure en béton armé de maintien des caissons entre eux et de l'ensemble de l'ouvrage composé par tous les caissons.Another improvement provided by the process is that the box has side recesses in notch, vertical and horizontal, allowing by juxtaposition of two boxes to form a formwork cavity to the effect of receiving the reinforced concrete structure holding the boxes between them and of the entire structure made up of all the caissons.

Afin de faciliter l'écoulement du béton, ces évidements sont de préférence de section arrondie plutôt qu'angulaire.In order to facilitate the flow of the concrete, these recesses are preferably of rounded section rather than angular.

Ainsi les évidements latéraux verticaux peuvent être de forme demi-tronconique afin d'assurer la continuité de la section des raidisseurs verticaux en cas de décalage du positionnement des caissons en superposition, dans le plan horizontal, selon les possibilités offertes par les dispositifs d'emboîtements placés en sous-face du caisson.Thus the vertical lateral recesses can be of semi-frustoconical shape in order to ensure the continuity of the section of the vertical stiffeners in the event of a shift in the positioning of the boxes in superposition, in the horizontal plane, according to the possibilities offered by the interlocking devices placed on the underside of the box.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, les évidements verticaux en échancrure des parois verticales latérales peuvent être de forme demi-tronconique dont la petite section est située en bas de la paroi et la grande section est située en haut de la paroi.Thus, according to another example, the vertical recesses indentation of the vertical side walls can be of semi-frustoconical shape, the small section of which is located at the bottom of the wall and the large section is located at the top of the wall.

De la même manière, les évidements horizontaux latéraux permettent, par juxtaposition de deux caissons, de former une cavité de coffrage à l'effet de recevoir la structure horizontale en béton armé de maintien des caissons entre eux et de l'ensemble de l'ouvrage composé par tous les caissons.In the same way, the lateral horizontal recesses make it possible, by juxtaposition of two caissons, to form a formwork cavity in order to receive the horizontal reinforced concrete structure holding the caissons together and the whole of the structure. composed by all the boxes.

Afin de faciliter l'écoulement du béton, ces évidements sont de préférence de forme arrondie plutôt qu'angulaire.In order to facilitate the flow of the concrete, these recesses are preferably rounded in shape rather than angular.

Les évidements latéraux horizontaux peuvent être de forme étendue afin d'assurer la continuité de la section des raidisseurs horizontaux en cas de décalage du positionnement des caissons en superposition, dans le plan horizontal, selon les possibilités offertes par les dispositifs d'emboîtements placés en sous-face du caisson.The horizontal lateral recesses may be of extended shape in order to ensure the continuity of the section of the horizontal stiffeners in the event of a shift in the positioning of the boxes in superposition, in the horizontal plane, according to the possibilities offered by the interlocking devices placed underneath. -front of the box.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, les évidements horizontaux des arêtes horizontales supérieures et inférieures sont de forme arrondie en portion de quart de cercle et que l'évidement horizontal supérieur est allongé, ou autrement dit que l'évidement horizontal présente en section une portion plane du côté de l'arête correspondante se prolongeant par une portion en arc de cercle vers le centre du caisson.Thus, according to another example, the horizontal recesses of the upper and lower horizontal edges are of rounded shape in the form of a quarter-circle portion and that the upper horizontal recess is elongated, or in other words that the horizontal recess has in section a flat portion on the side of the corresponding edge extending by a portion in the arc of a circle towards the center of the box.

Un autre perfectionnement apporté par le procédé est que certains compartiments du caisson possèdent des dispositifs de placement et de maintien de parois additionnelles qui permettent de choisir et régler l'épaisseur d'un bouclier ou d'une carapace en béton destiné à renforcer la protection de l'ouvrage aux chocs routiers ou à l'érosion causée par les eaux qu'elles soient fluviales ou maritimes.Another improvement provided by the method is that certain compartments of the caisson have devices for placing and maintaining additional walls which make it possible to choose and adjust the thickness of a shield or a concrete shell intended to reinforce the protection of structure to road shocks or erosion caused by water, whether river or sea.

Ce bouclier ou cette carapace peut être composé de béton ordinaire ou de béton de granulats issus de démolition.This shield or shell can be made of ordinary concrete or aggregate concrete from demolition.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, les compartiments situés sur une face longue et une face courte peuvent être partiellement munis de crénelures symétriquement opposées entre elles et deux par deux sur les quatre faces internes de ces compartiments.Thus, according to another example, the compartments located on a long face and a short face can be partially provided with serrations symmetrically opposite each other and two by two on the four internal faces of these compartments.

Afin de rigidifier, de compartimenter pleinement le caisson et de pouvoir remplir les compartiments avec différents matériaux : béton, remblai propre ou pollué, matériau drainant, etc...., sans que ceux-ci ne se mélangent, les cloisons intérieures peuvent servir concomitamment de liaison entre les parois externes du caisson et les colonnes placées en partie centrale évitant ainsi des phénomènes de distorsion lors de la manipulation du caisson par les engins de levage ou lors du coulage du béton de structure dans les évidements verticaux formés par deux évidements de chaque caisson placés en vis-à-vis.In order to stiffen, to fully compartmentalize the box and to be able to fill the compartments with different materials: concrete, clean or polluted backfill, draining material, etc., without these mixing, the interior partitions can be used concomitantly connection between the outer walls of the box and the columns placed in the central part, thus avoiding distortion phenomena when handling the box by lifting equipment or when pouring structural concrete into the vertical recesses formed by two recesses in each boxes placed opposite each other.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, les cloisons intérieures verticales des compartiments sont disposées à l'intérieur du caisson de manière à relier la paroi de chaque évidement vertical en échancrure à une colonne, ou à deux colonnes pour la paroi centrale.Thus, according to another example, the vertical interior partitions of the compartments are arranged inside the box so as to connect the wall of each vertical recess in notch to a column, or to two columns for the central wall.

La partie haute des colonnes dépasse la hauteur du haut des cloisons internes et du haut des parois des évidements horizontaux afin de permettre le placement d'éléments intercalaires différents en fonction du type de fermeture souhaitée des compartiments et, en même temps, de l'importance du décalage d'alignement souhaité entre deux rangs de caissons superposés.The upper part of the columns exceeds the height of the top of the internal partitions and the top of the walls of the horizontal recesses in order to allow the placement of different spacer elements depending on the type of closure desired of the compartments and, at the same time, the importance the desired alignment offset between two rows of superimposed boxes.

Ces éléments compensateurs doivent assurer la fermeture des évidements horizontaux destinés à recevoir le béton de ces raidisseurs afin d'éviter l'écoulement du béton dans les compartiments.These compensating elements must ensure the closing of the horizontal recesses intended to receive the concrete of these stiffeners in order to prevent the flow of the concrete into the compartments.

Ces éléments doivent être maintenus dans leur position sans précautions particulières.These elements must be maintained in their position without special precautions.

Pareillement, afin d'assurer la fermeture complète des compartiments ou du caisson, en cas de nécessité, et le caisson ayant été préalablement réalisé avec un fond en partie basse, des couvercles qui peuvent être placés en partie haute doivent être maintenus dans leur position, sans précautions particulières, par le même dispositif.Similarly, in order to ensure the complete closure of the compartments or the box, if necessary, and the box having been previously made with a bottom in the lower part, covers which can be placed in the upper part must be maintained in their position, without special precautions, by the same device.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, les parties hautes des cloisons intérieures verticales, des évidements verticaux en échancrure et des évidements horizontaux hauts peuvent présenter un relief en creux d'accrochage et de maintien des pièces intercalaires et compensateurs, ou des couvercles.Thus, according to another example, the upper parts of the vertical interior partitions, of the vertical recesses in notch and of the upper horizontal recesses can have a recessed relief for hooking and holding the spacers and compensators, or covers.

Afin de permettre de multiples possibilités de décalages dans l'alignement des ouvrages à réaliser par différents positionnements des caissons sur un même plan, les dimensions du caisson doivent permettre de l'associer, par juxtaposition dans un sens ou dans l'autre, avec les autres caissons accolés.In order to allow multiple possibilities of offsets in the alignment of the works to be carried out by different positioning of the caissons on the same plane, the dimensions of the caisson must allow it to be associated, by juxtaposition in one direction or the other, with the other adjoining boxes.

Ainsi, selon un autre exemple, la largeur du caisson peut être égale aux deux tiers de sa longueur.Thus, according to another example, the width of the box can be equal to two thirds of its length.

Le caisson de l'invention est particulièrement destiné à la réalisation d'ouvrages de génie civil tels que le soutènement, la retenue de remblais, les ouvrages de protection de berges fluviales et maritimes, le franchissement de cours d'eau, l'endiguement et l'enfouissement de matériaux éventuellement pollués et/ou polluants.The caisson of the invention is particularly intended for the construction of civil engineering works such as retaining walls, retaining embankments, works for the protection of river and maritime banks, crossing watercourses, embankment and the burial of possibly polluted and/or polluting materials.

Le mode général de réalisation des ouvrages comportant les caissons de l'invention est similaire à la majorité d'autres systèmes par simple juxtaposition et superposition des éléments, posés par simple emboîtement vertical, puis par coulage des raidisseurs de structure et de liaison, sans qu'il soit utile de décrire les différentes opérations de réalisation des parties structurelles en béton armé qui relèvent des études et des calculs par un bureau d'études selon les règles professionnelles ou normatives en vigueur pour l'ouvrage concerné.The general embodiment of the works comprising the caissons of the invention is similar to the majority of other systems by simple juxtaposition and superposition of the elements, laid by simple vertical interlocking, then by casting the structural and connection stiffeners, without t is useful to describe the various operations for the production of structural parts in reinforced concrete which are the subject of studies and calculations by a design office according to the professional or normative rules in force for the work concerned.

Le remplissage des compartiments des caissons peut être réalisé en tout ou partie sur le site de réalisation de l'ouvrage, ou préalablement à son transport sur le même site, fermé ou non par un couvercle selon la nature et/ou la qualité du matériau de remplissage.The filling of the compartments of the caissons can be carried out in whole or in part on the construction site of the work, or prior to its transport to the same site, closed or not by a lid depending on the nature and/or the quality of the material of filling.

Le caisson de l'invention et l'ouvrage de génie civil de l'invention sont décrits en détail en référence aux figures annexées.The caisson of the invention and the civil engineering work of the invention are described in detail with reference to the appended figures.

Le caisson 1 de l'invention tel qu'illustré par les figures 1 à 9 comporte :

  • deux parois faciales longues opposées, 4dites longitudinales, parallèles entre elles et séparées par deux parois faciales courtes 5, dites transversales, parallèles entre elles et disposées perpendiculairement à chaque extrémité des parois faciales longues 4, l'ensemble formant un rectangle ;
  • des évidements verticaux en échancrure 6 de forme demi-tronconique ouverts vers l'extérieur du caisson 1 et disposés à intervalles réguliers sur ses faces extérieures et sur ses arêtes verticales ;
  • des compartiments intérieurs 2 séparés par des cloisons intérieures verticales 3 et 3c ;
  • des colonnes verticales 7 situées à la jonction des cloisons intérieures 3, 3c ;
  • un dispositif d'emboîtement multi-positions 8 situé à la base de chaque colonne 7, préférentiellement composé de plusieurs cavités femelles 13 réparties régulièrement et circulairement autour d'une cavité centrale 14 centrée dans l'axe vertical de chaque colonne (7) ;
  • un dispositif d'emboîtement préférentiellement formée d'une cavité femelle 9 disposée en partie haute de chaque colonne, destinée à recevoir un tenon 20 de guidage du positionnement d'un caisson 1 superposé ;
  • un dispositif de levage et de manutention 10 placé au fond de chaque cavité 9 ;
  • des évidements horizontaux 11, 12 ouverts vers l'extérieur du caisson 1 et disposés sur ses arêtes horizontales hautes et basses ;
  • éventuellement un fond (24).
The box 1 of the invention as illustrated by the figures 1 to 9 includes:
  • two opposite long facial walls, 4 called longitudinal, parallel to each other and separated by two short facial walls 5, called transverse, parallel to each other and arranged perpendicularly at each end of the long facial walls 4, the assembly forming a rectangle;
  • vertical recesses in notch 6 of semi-frustoconical shape open towards the outside of box 1 and arranged at regular intervals on its outer faces and on its vertical edges;
  • interior compartments 2 separated by vertical interior partitions 3 and 3c;
  • vertical columns 7 located at the junction of the interior partitions 3, 3c;
  • a multi-position interlocking device 8 located at the base of each column 7, preferably composed of several female cavities 13 distributed regularly and circularly around a central cavity 14 centered in the vertical axis of each column (7);
  • a fitting device preferably formed of a female cavity 9 arranged in the upper part of each column, intended to receive a pin 20 for guiding the positioning of a superimposed box 1;
  • a lifting and handling device 10 placed at the bottom of each cavity 9;
  • horizontal recesses 11, 12 open towards the outside of box 1 and arranged on its high and low horizontal edges;
  • optionally a bottom (24).

La présence des parois faciales, des compartiments intérieurs, et des colonnes verticales s'étendant depuis le dispositif d'emboîtement multi-positions jusqu'au dispositif d'emboitement préférentiellement composé d'une cavité femelle 9 forment les caractéristiques essentielles du caisson de l'invention lui permettant un agencement décalé selon les directions longitudinales et/ou transversales par rapport aux autres caissons de l'ouvrage.The presence of the facial walls, the interior compartments, and the vertical columns extending from the multi-position interlocking device to the interlocking device preferably composed of a female cavity 9 form the essential characteristics of the box of the invention allowing it an offset arrangement along the longitudinal and/or transverse directions with respect to the other box sections of the structure.

Afin de multiplier et faciliter les possibilités d'assemblages des caissons entre eux, la largeur du caisson (1) est égale aux deux tiers de la longueur dudit caisson (1).In order to multiply and facilitate the possibilities of assembling the boxes together, the width of the box (1) is equal to two thirds of the length of the said box (1).

Des cloisons amovibles 25 illustrées sur les figures 2, 7 et 16 sont constituées d'une plaque d'épaisseur régulière s'étendant entre des parois verticales et s'insérant entre les crénelures 15 des parois formant les compartiments 2 concernés.Removable partitions 25 illustrated on the figure 2 , 7 And 16 consist of a plate of regular thickness extending between vertical walls and being inserted between the crenellations 15 of the walls forming the compartments 2 concerned.

Concernant les crénelures, au moins un compartiment intérieur 2 situé le long d'une face courte 5 et/ou d'une face longue 4 comporte sur au moins deux de ses faces intérieures opposées au moins deux crénelures 15 qui sont symétriquement disposées opposées entre elles en s'étendant parallèlement à la face 4,5 le long de laquelle est situé ledit compartiment intérieur.Regarding the serrations, at least one interior compartment 2 located along a short face 5 and/or a long face 4 comprises on at least two of its opposite interior faces at least two serrations 15 which are symmetrically arranged opposite each other extending parallel to the face 4.5 along which said interior compartment is located.

Comme visible par exemple sur les figures 1 et 2, au moins un compartiment intérieur d'angle 2 qui est situé à la fois le long d'une face courte 5 et d'une face longue 4 et qui est adjacent au compartiment intérieur 2 présentant au moins deux crénelures 15 sur au moins deux de ses faces intérieures opposées, comporte au moins deux crénelures 15 sur chacune de ses quatre faces intérieures, lesquelles crénelures 15)sont symétriquement disposées deux à deux opposées entre elles.As seen for example on the figures 1 and 2 , at least one interior corner compartment 2 which is located both along a short face 5 and a long face 4 and which is adjacent to the interior compartment 2 having at least two crenellations 15 on at least two of its opposite inner faces, comprises at least two serrations 15 on each of its four inner faces, which serrations 15) are symmetrically arranged in pairs opposite each other.

Les crénelures précédemment décrites reçoivent les cloisons amovibles pour une utilisation décrite plus loin.The serrations previously described receive the removable partitions for a use described below.

Tous ces éléments peuvent être éventuellement renforcés par un ferraillage.All these elements can be possibly reinforced by reinforcement.

Un élément intercalaire 18 illustré sur la figure 10 est constitué d'un corps monobloc de forme allongée, d'une épaisseur égale à celle des cloisons 3, plan sur sa face supérieure et muni sur sa face inférieure d'un relief en saillie 26 épousant la forme du relief en creux 17 ménagé sur le bord libre supérieur de la paroi 3.A spacer element 18 illustrated in the figure 10 consists of a one-piece body of elongated shape, of a thickness equal to that of the partitions 3, flat on its upper face and provided on its lower face with a projecting relief 26 matching the shape of the recessed relief 17 provided on the upper free edge of the wall 3.

Cet élément peut être éventuellement renforcé par un fer à béton.This element can possibly be reinforced by a reinforcing bar.

Un élément couvercle 19 illustré sur la figure 5 et partiellement sur la figure 11 est constitué d'une plaque d'épaisseur régulière s'étendant et reposant sur les parties hautes 16 ou bords supérieurs libres des cloisons intérieures 3,3c et des parois des évidements verticaux 6 et horizontaux 11, dont la périphérie de la face inférieure est munie d'un relief en saillie 27 d'accrochage et de maintien s'emboîtant dans le relief en creux 17 des éléments 3,3c,6,11 sur lesquels elle est posée.A cover element 19 illustrated in the figure 5 and partially on the figure 11 consists of a plate of regular thickness extending and resting on the upper parts 16 or free upper edges of the interior partitions 3, 3c and the walls of the vertical 6 and horizontal 11 recesses, the periphery of the lower face of which is provided a projecting relief 27 for hooking and holding fitting into the recessed relief 17 of the elements 3,3c,6,11 on which it is placed.

Cet élément peut être éventuellement renforcé par un ferraillage.This element can possibly be reinforced by reinforcement.

Cet élément peut être scellé, voire fixé mécaniquement, selon la destination d'usage du caisson.This element can be sealed, or even mechanically fixed, depending on the intended use of the box.

Un élément tenon 20 illustré sur la figure 7 est constitué d'un corps monobloc de forme épousant celle des cavités femelles 9, 13 et 14 des dispositifs d'emboitement 9,8 et s'emboîtant dans celles-ci, d'une longueur sensiblement inférieure à la somme des hauteurs (ou épaisseurs) de deux cavités 9, 13,14 et d'un élément intercalaire ou couvercle 18, 19.A tenon element 20 illustrated in the figure 7 consists of a one-piece body of shape matching that of the female cavities 9, 13 and 14 of the interlocking devices 9.8 and fitting into them, of a length substantially less than the sum of the heights (or thicknesses ) two cavities 9, 13,14 and an intermediate element or cover 18, 19.

Cet élément peut être éventuellement renforcé par un ferraillage.This element can possibly be reinforced by reinforcement.

Des éléments compensateurs 21, 22, 23 illustrés sur la figure 11 sont constitués d'un corps monobloc de forme allongée épousant sur sa face inférieure la forme de l'évidement horizontal 11, plan sur sa face supérieure, et dont la partie affinée 21a est munie, en face inférieure, d'un relief en saillie 27 d'accrochage et de maintien s'emboîtant dans le relief en creux 17 des éléments 3,3c,6,11 sur lesquels il est posé.Compensating elements 21, 22, 23 illustrated on the figure 11 consist of a one-piece body of elongated shape marrying on its lower face the shape of the horizontal recess 11, plane on its upper face, and whose refined part 21a is provided, on the lower face, with a projecting relief 27 hooking and holding fitting into the recessed relief 17 of the elements 3,3c,6,11 on which it is placed.

Ces éléments peuvent être éventuellement renforcés par un ferraillage.These elements can possibly be reinforced by reinforcement.

Les éléments intercalaires 18 et 19 ainsi que les éléments compensateurs 21, 22 et 23 présentent une hauteur (ou épaisseur) commune permettant un alignement de leur face supérieure dans le plan horizontal lorsqu'ils sont montés sur le caisson 1.The spacer elements 18 and 19 as well as the compensating elements 21, 22 and 23 have a common height (or thickness) allowing alignment of their upper face in the horizontal plane when they are mounted on the box 1.

Le matériau constitutif des caissons 1, ainsi que des autres éléments intercalaires 18, 19 tenon 20 et compensateurs 21, 22 et 23, peut être en particulier un béton de granulat minéral.The constituent material of the caissons 1, as well as of the other intermediate elements 18, 19 tenon 20 and compensators 21, 22 and 23, can in particular be a mineral aggregate concrete.

Le caisson est moulé dans un ensemble de coffrage dont ceux délimitant les compartiments intérieurs sont composés par plusieurs pièces afin de démouler aisément chaque pièce de chaque compartiment.The box is molded in a set of formwork, those delimiting the interior compartments of which are composed of several parts in order to easily unmold each part of each compartment.

Le principe d'assemblage d'un ouvrage de génie civil de l'invention est décrit ci-après.The assembly principle of a civil engineering work of the invention is described below.

On procède à la mise en place des caissons 1 sur une fondation ou un radier dans lesquels les cages d'armatures des poteaux ou des raidisseurs verticaux ont été préalablement laissés en attente s'il s'agît d'un ouvrage à structure en béton armé.The caissons 1 are placed on a foundation or a raft in which the reinforcement cages of the posts or vertical stiffeners have been previously left on standby if it is a structure with a reinforced concrete structure. .

Le premier rang des caissons 1 peut être posé sur un lit de mortier, ou sur des cales, afin de compenser les éventuelles irrégularités du support et de le caler sans défaut d'horizontalité ni de verticalité.The first row of boxes 1 can be placed on a bed of mortar, or on shims, in order to compensate for any irregularities in the support and to wedge it without fault in horizontality or verticality.

Les caissons se juxtaposent sur un même rang en plaçant les évidements en échancrure 6 en vis-à-vis de ceux du caisson adjacent 1.The boxes are juxtaposed on the same row by placing the notched recesses 6 opposite those of the adjacent box 1.

La figure 14 illustre un exemple de différentes possibilités de positionnement des caissons 1, soit sur leur face longue 4 soit sur leur face courte 5, afin de constituer un ouvrage avec d'éventuels décalages dans l'alignement de ses faces.There figure 14 illustrates an example of different possibilities of positioning the caissons 1, either on their long face 4 or on their short face 5, in order to form a structure with possible offsets in the alignment of its faces.

La figure 15 illustre un exemple de ferraillage de l'exemple de la figure 14, les armatures des poteaux ou raidisseurs verticaux étant préalablement placées dans les évidements formés conjointement par deux évidements en échancrure 6 en regard l'une de l'autre, et les armatures horizontales étant ensuite placées dans les évidements horizontaux en échancrure 11.There figure 15 illustrates an example of reinforcement from the example of the figure 14 , the reinforcements of the posts or vertical stiffeners being placed beforehand in the recesses formed jointly by two recesses in notch 6 facing each other, and the horizontal reinforcements then being placed in the horizontal recesses in notch 11.

Les tenons 20 (figure 7) sont positionnés dans les cavités 9 des colonnes 7 afin de faciliter l'alignement ou le décalage d'alignement choisi.Studs 20 ( figure 7 ) are positioned in the cavities 9 of the columns 7 in order to facilitate the alignment or the alignment offset chosen.

Les éléments intercalaires 18, 19 et les éléments compensateurs 21, 22 ou 23 (figures 10 et 11) sont positionnés sur les parties hautes 16 des différentes parois tel qu'illustré sur les figures 5, 12, 13 et 17 à 24 et selon que l'on ait choisi que les compartiments 2 restent ouverts ou fermés en partie basse et/ou en partie haute.The spacer elements 18, 19 and the compensating elements 21, 22 or 23 ( figures 10 and 11 ) are positioned on the upper parts 16 of the various walls as illustrated on the figure 5 , 12 , 13 And 17 at 24 and depending on whether the compartments 2 have been chosen to remain open or closed in the lower part and/or in the upper part.

L'éventuel béton de remplissage formant bouclier ou carapace sur une ou des faces de l'ouvrage, tel qu'illustré à titre d'exemple par la figure 16, est coulé dans les parties concernées avant recouvrement par un autre caisson du rang supérieur. Le coulage est réalisé au niveau des faces longue 4 ou courte 5 grâce à l'agencement des cloisons amovibles 25 pour renforcer l'ouvrage, comme précédemment décrit.Any filling concrete forming a shield or carapace on one or more faces of the structure, as illustrated by way of example by the figure 16 , is poured in the parts concerned before being covered by another caisson of the upper row. Casting is carried out at the level of the long 4 or short 5 faces thanks to the arrangement of the removable partitions 25 to reinforce the work, as previously described.

Les caissons 1 du rang supérieur peuvent alors être positionnés sur ceux du rang inférieur tel qu'illustré sur les figures 25 à 27.The boxes 1 of the upper row can then be positioned on those of the lower row as illustrated on the figures 25 to 27 .

Comme illustré sur les figures 13, 19 à 27 et 29,30, le dispositif d'emboitement multi-positions du caisson de l'invention permet d'assurer un décalage dans la superposition des caissons dans un seul sens longitudinal ou transversal, ou dans les deux sens. Ce décalage peut être plus moins important comme illustré sur les figures 19,21 et 23. Les évidements horizontaux 11,2 et les évidements verticaux 6, en particulier lorsque ces derniers sont de forme tronconique, permettent de réaliser le ferraillage des caissons décalés comme illustré sur les figures 20,22 et 24.As illustrated on the figure 13 , 19 at 27 and 29.30, the multi-position interlocking device of the box of the invention makes it possible to ensure an offset in the superposition of the boxes in a single longitudinal or transverse direction, or in both directions. This shift can be less important as illustrated on the figure 19 , 21 And 23 . The horizontal recesses 11.2 and the vertical recesses 6, in particular when the latter are of frustoconical shape, make it possible to carry out the reinforcement of the staggered boxes as illustrated on the figure 20 , 22 And 24 .

Le béton de structure, entre les caissons 1 est coulé tant dans les poteaux verticaux que dans les raidisseurs horizontaux après qu'un rang de caissons 1 soit venu fermer totalement l'évidement horizontal constitué, entre deux caissons superposés, par un évidement 11 en partie basse et un évidement 12 en partie haute.The structural concrete, between the caissons 1 is poured both in the vertical posts and in the horizontal stiffeners after a row of caissons 1 has come to completely close the horizontal recess formed, between two superimposed caissons, by a recess 11 partly bottom and a recess 12 in the upper part.

La partie supérieure de l'ouvrage peut être fermée ou non selon les destinations d'usages de l'ouvrage.The upper part of the structure may or may not be closed depending on the intended use of the structure.

Ainsi, selon une destination de l'ouvrage à usage de mur de soutènement terminé en partie haute par des plantations, les compartiments resteront ouverts en partie haute afin de planter des végétaux y compris des arbres.Thus, according to a destination of the work for use as a retaining wall finished in the upper part by plantations, the compartments will remain open in the upper part in order to plant plants including trees.

En cas d'une destination ordinaire de l'ouvrage sans surcharge de circulation, les couvercles 19 pourront simplement fermer les compartiments.In case of an ordinary destination of the work without traffic overload, the covers 19 can simply close the compartments.

En cas d'une destination de l'ouvrage à usage de circulation piétonne ou routière, une dalle, un radier ou un remblai de corps de chaussée pourront venir recouvrir les compartiments.If the structure is intended for use by pedestrians or road traffic, a slab, a slab or an embankment for the body of the roadway may cover the compartments.

L'élément de construction selon l'invention est particulièrement destiné à la réalisation d'ouvrages de génie civil en mur de soutènement, en protection de berges, de passages de cours d'eau, en travaux d'endiguement ou en enfouissement de matériaux polluants plus ou moins confinés.The construction element according to the invention is particularly intended for the construction of civil engineering works in retaining walls, for the protection of banks, for watercourse crossings, for embankment works or for the burial of polluting materials. more or less confined.

A titre d'exemples non-limitatifs des ouvrages peuvent ainsi être composés pour réaliser dans quelque dimension que ce soit mais cohérente avec l'ouvrage à réaliser :

  • des murs de soutènement importants en béton armé ;
  • des murs de soutènement végétalisés, en escalier ;
  • des ouvrages de protection de berges fluviales et maritimes ;
  • des ouvrages de retenues d'eau ;
  • des ouvrages de passage de rivières : gués ou ponts ;
  • des digues ;
  • des sarcophages de produits pollués.
By way of non-limiting examples, works can thus be composed to carry out in any dimension whatsoever but consistent with the work to be carried out:
  • significant reinforced concrete retaining walls;
  • vegetated retaining walls, stepped;
  • protection works for river and maritime banks;
  • water retaining structures;
  • river crossing structures: fords or bridges;
  • dykes;
  • sarcophagi of polluted products.

Claims (15)

  1. Caisson (1) of parallelepiped shape delimited by long (4) and short (5) peripheral vertical walls, which caisson (1) comprises inner compartments (2) separated by vertical partitions (3, 3c) and at least one inner central column (7) which is placed at the junction of said vertical partitions (3 and 3c) said caisson is characterised in that said at least one inner central column (7) extends from a multi-position interlocking device (8) situated in the lower part of the caisson (1), to an interlocking device (9) situated in the upper part of said caisson (1).
  2. Caisson according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the long (4) and short (5) peripheral vertical walls of said caisson (1) comprise notched vertical recesses (6) open outwards, and in that the upper and lower horizontal edges of said caisson (1) comprise horizontal recesses (11, 12) open outwards.
  3. Caisson according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the vertical recesses (6) are arranged at regular intervals.
  4. Caisson according to any one of claims 2 and 3, characterised in that the vertical recesses (6) are of half-tapered shape, the small section of which is situated in the lower part of the caisson (1) and the largest section of which is situated in the upper part of said caisson (1).
  5. Caisson according to claims 2 to 4, characterised in that the horizontal recesses (11, 12) situated at the upper and lower horizontal edges of the caisson have in section a circular arc portion, and in that the horizontal recess (11) situated at the upper edge of the caisson has a flat portion on the side of the corresponding edge extending through said circular arc portion.
  6. Caisson according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the interlocking devices (8, 9) are of female type.
  7. Caisson according to the preceding claim characterised in that the multi-position interlocking device (8) is composed of a plurality of female cavities (13) distributed circularly around a central cavity (14) centred on the vertical axis of the considered column (7).
  8. Caisson according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises at least two multi-position interlocking devices (8).
  9. Caisson according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one inner compartment (2) situated along a short face (5) and/or a long face (4) comprises on at least two of its opposite inner faces at least two serrations (15) which are symmetrically arranged opposite each other while extending parallel to the face (4, 5) along which said inner compartment is situated.
  10. Caisson according to the preceding claim, characterised in that at least one inner angle compartment (2) which is situated along both a short face (5) and a long face (4) and which is adjacent to the inner compartment (2) having at least two serrations (15) on at least two of its opposite inner faces, comprises at least two serrations (15) on each of its four inner faces, which serrations (15) are symmetrically arranged two by two opposite each other.
  11. Caisson according to any one of claims 2 to 10, characterised in that each inner partition (3, 3c) extends either between two central columns (7), or from a central column (7) to a notched vertical recess (6).
  12. Caisson according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the end upper rims (16) of the vertical inner partitions (3, 3c), the notched vertical recesses (6) and the horizontal recesses situated at the level of the upper edge (11) of the caisson have a hollow relief (17) capable of forming a means of hooking and holding intermediate pieces (18) and compensators (21, 22, 23) or covers (19).
  13. Caisson according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it comprises a lifting and handling device (10) situated at the level of the interlocking device (9) situated in the upper part of the caisson (1).
  14. Caisson according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the interlocking device (9) is of female type, and in that the lifting and handling device (10) is housed at the bottom of the cavity formed by the interlocking device (9).
  15. Civil engineering work characterised in that it comprises at least two caissons (1) according to any one of the preceding claims.
EP20701462.2A 2019-01-23 2020-01-22 Prefabricated stackable caisson Active EP3914779B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1900651A FR3091882B1 (en) 2019-01-23 2019-01-23 Prefabricated stackable box
PCT/EP2020/051516 WO2020152219A1 (en) 2019-01-23 2020-01-22 Prefabricated stackable box

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3914779A1 EP3914779A1 (en) 2021-12-01
EP3914779B1 true EP3914779B1 (en) 2023-02-22

Family

ID=68342942

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20701462.2A Active EP3914779B1 (en) 2019-01-23 2020-01-22 Prefabricated stackable caisson

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3914779B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2945592T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3091882B1 (en)
WO (1) WO2020152219A1 (en)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5838826U (en) * 1981-09-04 1983-03-14 石川島建材工業株式会社 Prefabricated breakwater box
JPS59150810A (en) * 1983-02-17 1984-08-29 Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd Coastal structure with caisson and its construction
JPS6080626A (en) * 1983-10-07 1985-05-08 Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd Multi-stage stacked caisson and its construction
JP3406368B2 (en) * 1994-03-07 2003-05-12 独立行政法人港湾空港技術研究所 A method of arranging bars in a concrete caisson.
JP3013333B2 (en) * 1995-10-11 2000-02-28 ワールド環境コンクリート株式会社 Bed guard block
KR20110021235A (en) * 2009-08-25 2011-03-04 삼성물산 주식회사 Caisson using honeycomb and quay wall, breakwater, seawall having the same
KR101635900B1 (en) * 2014-09-18 2016-07-04 (유) 이도건설 Caisson having T-shaped and Reverse T-shaped Column, and Port Structures using it
KR101694524B1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2017-01-10 이인옥 Port of caisson structure

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2945592T3 (en) 2023-07-04
EP3914779A1 (en) 2021-12-01
WO2020152219A1 (en) 2020-07-30
FR3091882A1 (en) 2020-07-24
FR3091882B1 (en) 2020-12-25

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