ES2911031T3 - Electrodos de almacenamiento de cloruro a base de bismuto - Google Patents
Electrodos de almacenamiento de cloruro a base de bismuto Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2911031T3 ES2911031T3 ES17892387T ES17892387T ES2911031T3 ES 2911031 T3 ES2911031 T3 ES 2911031T3 ES 17892387 T ES17892387 T ES 17892387T ES 17892387 T ES17892387 T ES 17892387T ES 2911031 T3 ES2911031 T3 ES 2911031T3
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- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- electrode
- chloride
- biocl
- storage electrode
- electrolyte solution
- Prior art date
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 18
- BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxobismuth;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Bi]=O BWOROQSFKKODDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 106
- 229910019441 NaTi2(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 52
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 39
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008239 natural water Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 79
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 49
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 35
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 33
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 28
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 26
- 238000006298 dechlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 24
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 21
- 229910020655 Na3Ti2(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 11
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 10
- -1 salt ions Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 9
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium cation Chemical compound [Na+] FKNQFGJONOIPTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910017867 a-NaTi2(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002149 energy-dispersive X-ray emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 3
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002242 deionisation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007086 side reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004832 voltammetry Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 101100083507 Caenorhabditis elegans acl-2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000724182 Macron Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000007832 Na2SO4 Substances 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth(iii) oxide Chemical compound O=[Bi]O[Bi]=O WMWLMWRWZQELOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003487 electrochemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011066 ex-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004660 morphological change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000036647 reaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017550 sodium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000003980 solgel method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002483 Cu Ka Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 101100007699 Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) creB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100402271 Haemophilus influenzae (strain ATCC 51907 / DSM 11121 / KW20 / Rd) molB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000002228 NASICON Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910014485 Na0.44MnO2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004589 Na2FeP2O7 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000665 Na2V6O16 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910020657 Na3V2(PO4)3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001222 NaVPO4F Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Norphytane Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C XOJVVFBFDXDTEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002584 Polyethylene Glycol 6000 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc dication Chemical compound [Zn+2] PTFCDOFLOPIGGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000022131 cell cycle Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002055 nanoplate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000634 powder X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004626 scanning electron microscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002525 ultrasonication Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/4604—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods for desalination of seawater or brackish water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/36—Accumulators not provided for in groups H01M10/05-H01M10/34
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
- H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
- H01M4/9041—Metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
- H01M8/227—Dialytic cells or batteries; Reverse electrodialysis cells or batteries
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46133—Electrodes characterised by the material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
- C02F1/46104—Devices therefor; Their operating or servicing
- C02F1/46109—Electrodes
- C02F2001/46152—Electrodes characterised by the shape or form
- C02F2001/46157—Perforated or foraminous electrodes
- C02F2001/46161—Porous electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Hybrid Cells (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
- Electrodes For Compound Or Non-Metal Manufacture (AREA)
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| PCT/US2017/059366 WO2018136130A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 | 2017-10-31 | Bismuth-based chloride-storage electrodes |
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| US11289700B2 (en) | 2016-06-28 | 2022-03-29 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | KVOPO4 cathode for sodium ion batteries |
| CN111924987B (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2022-12-06 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | 一种硬水中选择性吸附钙离子的方法以及CuHCF的应用 |
| CN111744508B (zh) * | 2020-07-20 | 2023-04-25 | 铜仁学院 | 一种光催化剂及其制备方法和应用 |
| US11757140B2 (en) | 2021-02-02 | 2023-09-12 | Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation | Aqueous energy storage systems with desalination capabilities |
| CN115395010A (zh) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-11-25 | 新加坡国立大学 | 水系双离子电池 |
| CN113620386B (zh) * | 2021-08-19 | 2023-08-08 | 南方科技大学 | 一种电极材料及其制备方法与在水体氯离子和钠离子去除中的应用 |
| CN114182269B (zh) * | 2021-12-22 | 2023-05-23 | 浙江工业大学 | 一种电化学还原脱氯转化含氯挥发性有机物的方法 |
| CN114669308A (zh) * | 2022-04-01 | 2022-06-28 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | 一种借助电化学法原位反应制备BiOCl/Bi24O31Cl10复合粉体的方法 |
| CN116986681A (zh) * | 2022-04-25 | 2023-11-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | 一种铋碳电极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
| CN115626692B (zh) * | 2022-10-20 | 2025-11-18 | 中南大学 | 一种cdi电极活性材料及其制备和应用 |
| CN116479441A (zh) * | 2023-04-17 | 2023-07-25 | 南方科技大学 | 晶格脱盐法制备BiOX及其电催化产卤素单质的应用 |
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| US20080107965A1 (en) | 2004-11-29 | 2008-05-08 | Toshiba Battery Co., Ltd. | Battery With Nonaqueous Electrolyte |
| US7494583B2 (en) | 2005-06-29 | 2009-02-24 | Oleh Weres | Electrode with surface comprising oxides of titanium and bismuth and water purification process using this electrode |
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| US8889281B2 (en) | 2010-11-02 | 2014-11-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Batteries for efficient energy extraction from a salinity difference |
| SA112330516B1 (ar) | 2011-05-19 | 2016-02-22 | كاليرا كوربوريشن | انظمة وطرق هيدروكسيد كهروكيميائية مستخدمة لأكسدة المعدن |
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| US10396404B2 (en) * | 2015-02-27 | 2019-08-27 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Electrochemical cell with bipolar faradaic membrane |
| CN105772044B (zh) * | 2016-03-24 | 2018-02-27 | 太原理工大学 | 一种复合薄膜光催化剂BiPO4/BiOCl的电化学制备及应用方法 |
| CN105821436B (zh) | 2016-05-09 | 2018-07-24 | 复旦大学 | 一种基于三电极体系的双电解槽两步法氯碱电解方法及装置 |
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