ES2903292A2 - Machine mold for the formation of cardboard and/or plastic boxes and method for the formation of cardboard and/or plastic boxes (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine (50) mold (100) for the formation of boxes (B) of cardboard and/or plastic and method for the formation of cardboard boxes (B) and/or plastic. The mold (50) comprises a cavity (52) delimited by forming elements of the mold box (50) arranged around the cavity (52) comprising a plurality of forming stops (56), movable between respective retracted positions and of stop, to evacuate the mold (50) boxes (B) with flanges (R) located on the top of side walls (PL) of boxes (B) bent towards the outside of boxes (B), by a Output embouchure (55) aligned with an inlet embouchure (54) (P), having the forming stops (56) higher sufferete faces (58, 59) that in its stop position are immobilized and adjacent to respective lines Flange fold (LR) connecting the exterior flanges (R) with the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the box (B), and receive the pressure from the previously bent flanges (R). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE MOLD FOR THE FORMATION OF CARDBOARD AND/OR PLASTIC BOXES

AND METHOD FOR THE FORMATION OF CARDBOARD AND/OR PLASTIC BOXES

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention relates in a first aspect to a mold for a machine for forming cardboard and/or plastic boxes.

Said boxes seen to be formed are typically provided with a bottom and four side walls facing two by two surrounding the bottom, and preferably said side walls have respective converging slopes towards the bottom to allow nesting of some boxes with others.

The aforementioned boxes are also provided with rims located on the upper part of the side walls folded towards the outside of the boxes, and the aforementioned boxes are open at the top of the tray type to facilitate the subsequent closing of the container by means of a film that seals the part superiorly open, with peripheral support in the mentioned rims.

These boxes have four box corner zones that separate two adjoining side walls, and each of these zones can optionally include one or more chamfered faces, so that in this way the box can have four, eight or twelve side faces surrounding the bottom. of the plate.

The invention also proposes in a second aspect a method for the formation of cardboard and/or plastic boxes, with rims located in the upper part of the side walls of the box, folded and extending cantilevered towards the outside of the box (see Figs 2 to 4 and 26 to 28).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO SOLVE

Documents GB1490301A and CA1121199A disclose respective methods and machines for forming trays from sheets of paper or cardboard covered with a plastic sheet, comprising a rectangular bottom, four walls facing each other two by two with a converging slope towards its bottom, each one connected to one side of the bottom, and reinforcing flaps associated with each corner of the bottom. Each wall is adhesively adhered to its two adjoining walls by means of said reinforcing flaps. Each side wall has outer rims folded towards the outside of the box, which are joined together to form a continuous peripheral rectangular rim.

Document US2925758A shows a machine for forming containers from metal sheets or similar combinations, in which the material, once folded, maintains its folded position. Such a machine is not suitable for the production of cardboard or plastic boxes and trays, since metallic materials have memory before bending, and, therefore, a cardboard and/or plastic material needs to be kept in the folded position for a time until that the adhesive joins parts of the box with others.

For the formation of said trays with external rims, document GB1490301A proposes a male element and a female element or mould, facing each other, between which a plate is initially placed. The male inserts the plate into the mold through an upper mouth to bend some parts of the plate with others. Once the box has been formed, it is extracted again through the upper mouth by means of a lifting plate that moves the bottom of the box from a position inserted in the mold to a position raised above the mould. The mold is configured to insert and extract boxes only through its upper mouth, since it is a blind-bottom mold mounted on a chassis bed. To finish the box extraction, a device F transports the boxes individually from the raised position to a lateral position on another conveyor G. These folding and extraction operations are complex and slow.

A drawback of GB1490301A and US2925758A is that the number of boxes formed in a period of time is very low, which increases the unit cost of forming said boxes. In both cases, first, after folding the box, you must wait for some time with the box inserted in the mold so that the adhesive on the walls and edges dries, and another additional time for the complex extraction operation to be carried out. the tray formed from the mold. This causes the plate to have a stop point in the production cycle, stopping the plates fed to said mold and core.

Another drawback of document GB1490301A is the excessive number of conveyor devices, B, D and F, which add additional cost, complexity, and excessive space occupied on the floor, which increases the unit cost of forming said boxes.

To increase the speed of formation of these trays, document CA1121199A proposes to position on the mold and below the core a plate with adhesive applied on the reinforcing flaps. The core in its introduction into the mold cavity through the inlet mouth forms the bottom, the side walls and adheres the walls against the reinforcing flaps. After this and during this introduction, the outer flanges are formed sequentially in pairs, by means of upper benders mounted on the male and negative pressure holes made in the male that retain the side walls during the formation of the side walls and during the folding of the outer flanges towards the outside of the box. This folding is done beyond the horizontal, parallel to the bottom of the box, to compensate for the memory of the cardboard. When the core reaches the maximum insertion position, the tray is nested with the previously formed trays, forming a stack through a mold outlet mouth aligned vertically with the core and the input mouth. This is considered the closest antecedent.

A drawback of document CA1121199A is that the speed of the forming machine is restricted to the speed with which the core oscillates between said maximum extraction and insertion positions in its Fig. 3, and precisely the core must make a long vertical path between the positions of maximum extraction and maximum introduction shown in Fig. 3 to be able to carry out all the folding operations of the box from its flat plate according to the vertical. In addition, the stack of nested boxes is also vertical and is located just below the mould.

First, this long vertical path of document CA1121199A limits the speed of box formation, since, with the core inserted in the long vertical cavity of the mold, another plate cannot be positioned between the core and the mold to carry out the next cycle. bending and ejection.

Second, the negative pressure holes support the sidewalls during the bending of the outer flanges, which is a critical and unreliable operation, even more so considering the several million cycles these machines are subjected to. Thus, this causes constant productive stops of the machine, which reduces its production speed.

Third, the long vertical travel of the tap causes the height measurement of the machine to be excessive even for the formation of low height boxes, although the width and length measurements of the machine may be relatively small, which leads to problems in transportation and installation of said machine.

In addition, the machine of document CA1121199A comprises an excessive number of elements, and these are also of considerable size, such as two vertical supports with cam followers connected to respective drive bars, four pinions and four racks, excessively elongated molding cavity, among many others, which add extra cost, complexity, and contribute to said excessive height measurement of the machine, increasing the unit cost of forming said boxes.

It would be desirable to obtain a method and a machine with a higher forming speed for the formation of boxes with rims located on the upper part of the lateral walls of the same and folded towards the outside of said boxes, while maintaining or reducing the measures of said machine and the associated costs necessary for the formation of these boxes. This speed is an essential factor in these machines, and can reach values of several thousand or even tens of thousands of boxes formed per hour.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect, to solve the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents a mold that forms part of a machine for forming boxes.

The boxes intended to be formed are typically provided with a bottom and four side walls facing each other two by two surrounding the bottom, and preferably, with respective converging slopes towards it to allow the nesting of some boxes with others.

The boxes are provided with rims located on the upper part of the side walls folded towards the outside of the boxes, and are open at the top of the tray type to facilitate the subsequent closing of the container by means of a film that seals the upper open part.

These boxes have four box corner zones that separate two adjoining side walls, and each of these zones can optionally include one or more chamfered faces, thus the box can have four, eight or twelve side faces surrounding the bottom of the sheet. .

These boxes are usually made by folding, and preferably gluing, from a sheet material. Laminate material shall mean a corrugated cardboard sheet, cardboard sheet, compact cardboard sheet, corrugated plastic sheet, plastic sheet, a combination of these, and the like, which preferably have weakened fold lines to facilitate their formation. boxed by bending parts of the plate around said weakened lines, but at the same time the sheet having a certain rigidity.

Preferably, the boxes are made from a sheet material of corrugated board, solid board, or a combination of these.

The mold comprises a cavity that can be aligned with a core along a linear Z direction, the cavity being delimited at least partially by one of the box-forming elements arranged surrounding the cavity, an inlet mouth for plate to the cavity, and an outlet mouth of the box formed from the cavity, aligned according to the linear direction, and the outlet mouth being dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity through the outlet mouth.

Throughout the description, the term "linear direction" preferably corresponds to the vertical direction, although the present invention also expressly includes the case where the linear direction corresponds to the horizontal direction.

Said forming elements of the mold box arranged around the cavity, preferably laterally, comprise a plurality of mutually facing forming stops. Each of the forming stops is movable between a retracted position, and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity, allowing these movable forming stops to evacuate each formed box from the cavity through the outlet mouth.

Each of the forming stops includes an upper abutment face configured to, in its stop position, be immobilized and adjacent to a respective rim fold line connecting one of the outer rims with the top of a side wall of the cash register. Additionally, each of the upper bearing faces is configured to receive the pressure of the previously bent flanges.

Among other options detailed later, this invention expressly covers the following possibilities: a mold with two forming stops with an upper bearing face each, a mold with four forming stops with an upper bearing face each, a mold with four forming stops with two upper bearing faces each, a mold with four stops with two upper bearing faces one one, a mold with eight forming stops with one bearing wall each, where preferably in any of these options each stop is movable by means of a respective actuator of stop.

Said immobilization confers rigidity to the upper bearing faces while they are positioned in the stop positions. The clamping may correspond to a mechanical clamping, for example corresponding to the thread edges of a threaded rod or spindle; to an immobilization by means of an electrical control signal and/or power associated with an actuator, for example, an engine brake; to an immobilization of the axis of rotation of a rotary motor; or to an immobilization of the moving part of a fluid dynamic cylinder in that position associated with the pressure and force of a fluid such as air or oil, among others.

Preferably, each of the upper die faces is configured to receive pressure from overlapping portions of the rims.

Optionally, the overlapping portions are located in the corner areas of the box and previously folded outwards from the box.

Optionally, these rims are configured to press against one another at these overlapping portions, by dots or beads of glue.

Advantageously, by means of the present invention, the movable forming stops are configured so that, during their movement from the stop position to the retracted position, they allow the evacuation of each box formed from the cavity through the exit mouth and not through the entrance mouth of the cavity. plate, causing an increase in the number of boxes produced per time interval.

Also, in the present invention, the pressing operation of the outer flanges is carried out with greater reliability, which avoids production stops and maintains a desirable high speed of formation, with respect to the state of the art that uses more critical and failure-prone operations. production stop.

Optionally and advantageously, the movable forming stops between the stop and retracted positions allow each formed box to be evacuated from the cavity through the outlet mouth without interfering with the forming stops.

Preferably, the mold further comprises at least four lateral die faces, movable between respective retracted positions, adjacent to the cavity, and respective stop positions, towards the interior of the cavity, mutually facing each other in pairs, and arranged, optionally laterally, around The cavity.

Each of the at least four lateral abutment faces is provided with an inclination with respect to the linear direction Z.

These inclinations with respect to the linear direction Z, allow boxes to be formed with inclined side walls with respective inclinations greater than 90 degrees with respect to the bottom so that boxes formed can be nested (inserted) inside others. By way of illustration, said angle can be between 92 and 105 degrees, thus forming an inclination of between 2 and 15 degrees with respect to the linear direction Z.

The at least four side abutment faces, in their abutment positions, are configured to press against the outside of the box which includes surfaces of the side walls of the box and optionally this outside part includes the corner areas of it, towards the interior of the cavity.

Thus, advantageously, in this preferred option, the lateral and upper bearing faces advantageously carry out a high number of forming operations to transform the flat plate into a box, in a minimum time interval, which can be associated with the simultaneous movement of these faces. dollies towards the interior of the cavity, reducing the time necessary for the formation of the box, all this leading to a productive increase in boxes.

Also advantageously, said at least four side bearing faces are configured, sized and positioned to press the outside of the box towards the inside of the cavity, giving stability and centering to the bottom, side walls and corner areas of the box, during the subsequent joining of the outer flanges by contact pressure and gluing. This is especially advantageous to overcome the drawbacks associated with the precise positioning of the rims in the overlapping zones, which are of extremely small dimensions.

From this point, the mold of the box forming machine is capable of forming boxes of different shapes: four, eight or twelve lateral faces surrounding its bottom, with a high number of boxes formed per time interval, either that the increasing number of side faces does not appreciably affect the high rate of formation achieved by the present invention.

Preferably, the at least four lateral bearing faces are integrated in the forming stops, and each of the forming stops comprises from one to seven lateral bearing faces. This number of lateral abutment faces depends on:

• the number of lateral faces of the box to form,

• if the box to be formed includes or does not include corner areas with one or two chamfers, and • the optional folding of the side flaps attached to some of the side walls by means of some molding edges integrated in the forming stops.

These optional forming ridges allow for increased forming speed via efficient folding of the flaps which also occurs during movement of the stops from the retracted position to the stop position.

Preferably, and advantageously, the movable forming stops with the lateral bearing faces integrated therein, are configured so that, during their movement from the retracted position to the stop position, they carry out the following operations:

• positioning of two alternate sidewalls relative to the bottom fold lines to a final forming position in the box,

• pressure from the two alternate side walls,

• folding and final positioning in the box of two side flaps derived from each of the alternate side walls,

• shaping the corner areas of the box, preferably including bending some chamfered faces of the corner areas of the box and pressing them against respective chamfers of the core, and

• receive pressure from the overlapping portions of the previously bent flanges.

Preferably, this high number of forming operations can be produced by respective simultaneous movements of the forming stops, again contributing to considerably reduce the time necessary for the formation of the box, thus increasing the number of boxes produced in a given time interval.

According to one embodiment, the mold comprises two forming stops, each of them comprising three of said lateral die faces, useful for forming boxes with four, eight or twelve lateral faces surrounding the bottom thereof.

Preferably, one of the three lateral bearing faces of each forming stop is configured to press a side wall, and the other two lateral bearing faces of each forming stop are configured to press respective corner areas of the box, optionally including each corner area. of the box lateral portions of at least one of the two lateral walls of each corner zone.

In addition, each of the two shaping stops is provided with at least two shaping edges.

Optionally, each molding ridge delimits two adjoining side abutment faces, and is configured to fold a box side fold line separating a side wall from a side flap.

According to an alternative embodiment of the mould, the mold comprises four forming stops, each of them comprising two of the aforementioned lateral bearing faces, useful for forming boxes with four, eight or twelve lateral faces surrounding the bottom thereof.

These lateral abutment faces are configured to press against respective corner zones of the box, each corner zone of the box including side portions of at least one of the two side walls of each corner zone.

In another embodiment, the mold comprises four forming stops, each of them comprising one of said lateral bearing faces, configured to press a respective side wall of the box into the stop position. This embodiment is useful for the formation of boxes with four, eight or twelve lateral faces.

Preferably, the forming stops have integrated at least four molding edges, with respective vertical inclinations.

In a supplementary embodiment to the previous paragraph, at least four lateral bearing faces of the forming stops include at least four lateral bearing faces with a shape that is complementary to the corner areas of the chamfered boxes.

In one embodiment, the two forming stops each comprise five of said lateral bearing faces. Each of the five lateral abutment faces is configured to press into the abutting position a side wall of the box and two chamfered corner areas with one or two chamfered faces each. This embodiment is useful for the formation of boxes with eight or twelve lateral faces.

In another embodiment, the two forming stops each comprise seven of said lateral bearing faces. Each of the seven die faces is configured to press into the abutting position a side wall of the box and two chamfered corner areas with two chamfered faces each. This embodiment is useful for the formation of boxes with twelve lateral faces.

According to another preferable option, the mold comprises four forming stops, each one of them comprising three of said lateral bearing faces. This option is useful for boxing with eight or twelve side faces.

According to another option, each of the forming stops comprises four lateral bearing faces configured to form respective chamfered corner areas of the box that each comprise two chamfered faces.

Preferably, the lateral bearing faces and/or said molding edges are additionally integrated together with the upper bearing faces in the forming stops.

Preferably, the at least four lateral die faces of the mold include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coincident with each of the counter-pressure surfaces of some flat lateral sides of the core. This helps position and hold the box sidewalls in their predefined folded position, and therefore to correctly position the rim bending lines in their predefined position in order to undertake the subsequent bending of the outer rims reliably and quickly.

In addition to the previous paragraph, said molding ridges include respective ridge portions of lengths essentially coinciding with each of the core ridges positioned in the corner areas of the core. The technical effect of the previous paragraph is maintained, and in addition an efficient folding of lateral flaps derived from the lateral walls is carried out to join them with each other while maintaining a high forming speed.

Complementarily, in the mould, each forming stop of the plurality of forming stops also has a horizontal bending edge integrated adjacent to the upper bearing face, configured to bend around the rim bending line each rim towards the outside.

Optionally, each horizontal bending edge is configured to position itself in the abutment position adjacent the lip fold line during the pressing of the lateral abutment faces of the forming abutments against the outside of the box.

Preferably, the upper bearing faces of the forming stops are flat.

In one option, the upper bearing faces of the forming stops are preferably horizontal flat faces.

Preferably, the machine further comprises a guiding device associated with said mould, provided with two mutually facing box guides. The guiding device is configured to guide the formed boxes through the outlet mouth. The boxes optionally pass through said outlet mouth in a nested arrangement, one with the other, forming a stack of boxes.

As indicated at the beginning, according to a second aspect, to solve the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents a method for forming boxes with rims located at the top of the same folded towards the outside of these .

The method is executed by means of a mold that forms part of a forming machine, the mold comprising a cavity capable of facing a male that can be moved linearly through the cavity, and the cavity being delimited at least partially by elements that form the box arranged around the cavity.

Optionally, this method of the second aspect can be executed by means of the mold of the first aspect of the invention.

The method comprises the steps of:

positioning a bottom portion of a plate over a cavity entry mouth, to insert the bottom portion into the cavity;

folding side walls attached to the bottom portion of the box to be formed; Y

evacuating each formed box from the cavity through a mold outlet mouthpiece aligned in the linear direction Z with the inlet mouthpiece.

Such boxes and plates of the method may correspond to those described in the first aspect of the invention.

According to this second aspect, the present invention further proposes that said method further comprises the steps of:

move some forming stops that can form part of said forming elements of the box, the forming stops (56) mutually facing each other and arranged, preferably laterally, around the cavity, from a retracted position, to a stop position towards the interior of the cavity, where upper bearing faces of the forming stops are located adjacent to the rim fold lines that connect said outer rims with the side walls of the box;

immobilize the upper bearing faces of the forming stops in the respective stop positions;

receive on the upper bearing faces the pressure of the outwardly bent flanges; Y

moving the forming stops from their stop position to their retracted position to evacuate the boxes through the outlet mouth.

The immobilization of the immobilization step can correspond to a mechanical immobilization, for example, that corresponding to the thread edges of a threaded rod or spindle; to an immobilization by means of an electrical control signal and/or power associated with an actuator, for example, an engine brake; to an immobilization of the axis of rotation of a rotary motor; or to a preferential immobilization of the moving part of a fluid dynamic cylinder in that position associated with the pressure and force of a fluid such as air or oil, among others.

The advantages described for the first aspect of the invention also apply to this method of the second aspect of the invention.

Preferably, the method further comprises the step of pressing the outside of the box, including sidewall surfaces of the box, into the cavity.

Optionally, this outer box portion includes box corner regions.

Optionally, the step of pressing the outside of the box into the cavity is carried out by means of at least four movable side die faces of the mold arranged, preferably laterally, around the cavity.

Complementarily, in the step of pressing the outer part of the box, essentially all of the surfaces of the side walls of the box are pressed, optionally by means of the movement of said lateral bearing faces.

Preferably, in the method, the forming stops perform the step of pressing the outer part of the box by means of the at least four side bearing faces additionally integrated together with the upper bearing faces in the forming stops.

Complementarily, in the method, the forming stops perform the additional step of folding four lateral fold lines of the box that separate the side walls of lateral flaps derived from it, optionally by means of four forming edges integrated in the forming stops.

Additionally, in the method, the step of pressing the outer part of the box comprises pressing four chamfered corner areas of the box, optionally by means of said four lateral bearing faces in the stop position.

Complementarily, in said method, the step of pressing the outer part of the box, comprises the additional step of maintaining two different lateral separations of the four lateral bearing walls with respect to the flat lateral sides of a male linearly movable through the cavity: a first lateral separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides associated with the plate thickness, and a second lateral separation on the other two mutually opposed flat lateral sides associated with twice the plate thickness.

Preferably, the method comprises the step of bending about the rim fold line each rim outwards with a horizontal bending edge integrated in each forming stop.

Optionally, each horizontal bending edge is positioned in the abutment position adjacent the lip fold line during the pressing of the lateral abutment faces of the forming abutments against the outside of the box.

Preferably, in said method, during the movement of the forming stops from the retracted position to the stop position, the steps of:

• positioning of two alternate lateral walls, mutually opposite, with respect to the bottom until a final position of formation in the box,

• pressure from the two alternate side walls,

• folding and final positioning of two side flaps derived from each of the alternate side walls,

• forming some corner areas of the box, preferably including bending some corner chamfers of the box and pressing them against the chamfers of the core,

• bending of the flanges associated with the alternate sidewalls, and

• receive on the upper bearing faces the pressure of the overlapping portions of the rims.

Complementary to the method of the previous paragraph, before the movement of the forming stops from the retracted position to the stop position, the rims of two other alternate side walls are bent outwards, by means of two additional forming stops.

Optionally, after the movement of the forming stops from the retracted position to the stop position, and with the forming stops in the stop position, the method further comprises the step of pressing, by means of two mutually facing mold presses, the outer part of the box into the cavity.

Preferably, any one of the steps of pressing the outside of the box performs a continuous lateral and superior pressing and pressing effect along the entire lateral and superior contour of the core, which includes lateral walls, lateral flaps, chamfered faces optional, and exterior flanges.

Optionally, with this, it is possible to satisfactorily form the reinforcing flaps that arise from the outer edges inside the box, thanks to their precise positioning with respect to the rest of the parts of the plate during its transformation into a box, and before its pressed by means of the conforming stops.

Preferably, in said method, the folding of said outer flanges is carried out with the bottom of the box stationary.

Other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention. The present invention covers all the possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated here.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other advantages and characteristics will be more fully understood from the following detailed lists of embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, which are to be taken by way of illustration and not limitation, in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a first embodiment of the box forming machine mold of the present invention, where the mold is shown with four forming stops facing each other in pairs, a core and a core bending device;

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are respective top perspective views of boxes suitable for being formed using the mold of the present invention, where the two side flaps derived from each of the two side walls are folded outside the box, which they have flanges located at the top of the side walls bent outwards, and where in Figs. 2 and 3 the parts of the box have been shown artificially transparent to show strings of glue;

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a plate that has glue beads deposited for later formation in the box of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a bottom perspective view of Fig. 1;

Fig. 7 is a side view of Fig. 6, where a plate is positioned on the conveyor guides, between the male and the input mouth;

Fig. 8 is a top perspective view corresponding with Fig. 1;

Fig. 9 is the top perspective view of Fig. 8, now with the forming stops in the stop position, and the presses in the pressing position;

Fig. 10 is a top perspective view of a first embodiment of the mold of a box forming machine of the present invention, with a core of the machine in an extended position, and the forming stops in the retracted position, and a flat plate located between the core and the inlet mouth on the plate guides, according to an initial stage of the method of the present invention;

Fig. 11 is the top perspective view of Fig. 10, now with the forming stops in the stop position, according to a later stage of the method of the present invention;

Fig. 12 is a plan view of the core and core bending device, corresponding to the second, third and fourth embodiments of the mold of Figs. 13 to 16;

Fig. 13 is a top perspective view of a second embodiment of the mold of a box forming machine, suitable for forming four sidewall boxes without chamfered corners;

Fig. 14 is the plan view of Fig. 13;

Figs. 15 and 16 are respective plan views of third and fourth embodiments of the mold of a box-forming machine, suitable for forming four-side-wall boxes without chamfered corners;

Figs. 17, 18 and 19 are respective plan views of a fifth, sixth and seventh embodiments of the mold of a box-forming machine of the present invention, suitable for forming boxes with eight or twelve lateral faces;

Fig. 20 is a top perspective view of a mirror half of the mold forming an integral part of an eighth embodiment of the mold of a box forming machine;

Fig. 21 is another top perspective view of Fig. 20, and where the box of Fig. 28 is located in the position of inserting the male;

Figs. 22 and 23 are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of one of the forming stops forming an integral part of the symmetrical half of the mold of Figs. 20 and 21, and where the box of Fig. 28 has been represented with its transparent faces;

Figs. 24 and 25 are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of one of the forming stops that can form an integral part of the molds of Figs. 20 and 21, according to an alternative embodiment;

Figs. 26, 27 and 28 are respective top perspective views of boxes, in which the two side flaps derived from each of the two side walls are folded inside the box, which have outwardly folded rims, and where in the Figs.

27 and 28 the parts of the box have been shown artificially transparent to show strings of glue;

Figs. 29 and 30 are front and rear top perspective views, respectively, of a symmetrical half of the mold according to a ninth embodiment of a box-forming machine mold, the box of Fig. 27 being shown on the male introduction position;

Figs. 31 and 32 are side views of the symmetrical half of the mold of Fig. 29 in the folded position and retracted position of its first and second doublers, respectively, where stacks of boxes are shown nested with each other before passing through the mouth exit.

DETAILED EXPOSITION OF EMBODIMENTS / EXAMPLES

According to the first aspect of the present invention, reference 50 designates a mold 50 of a machine 100 for forming boxes B, according to the first embodiment shown in Figs. 1 and 6 to 11.

Figs. 2 to 4 show boxes (B) of different shapes intended to be formed in the mold (50) of the present invention, from a plate (P), such as, for example, the one shown in Fig. 5.

These boxes (B) are intended to be nested one with the other, since their side walls (PL) form slight inclinations with respect to the direction perpendicular to the bottom (F) of the box (B), so that the upper mouth open portion thereof has longitudinal and transverse dimensions greater than those of the bottom (F).

Said boxes (B) are provided with four rims (R) that start from the upper part of each of the four side walls (PL) and are bent towards the outside of the box (B).

The rims (R) of the figures are flat and horizontal, forming a flat frame with a continuous and peripheral rim in the upper part of the side walls (PL) and parallel to the bottom plane of the box (B), facilitating subsequent operation. superior sealing by means of a film usually made of a plastic compound.

The four rims (R) are folded outward in a cantilevered manner and the upper open part of the box (B) is subsequently closed or sealed with peripheral support of said film on said rims (R).

The mold (50) is supported on a chassis (1) of the machine (100) and comprises a cavity (52) aligned with a core (15) according to the linear direction (Z) corresponding to the vertical.

The mold (50) comprises an entrance mouth (54) of the plate to the cavity (52), and an exit mouth (55) of the box formed from the cavity (52), aligned vertically. The outlet mouth (55) is dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52) passing through the outlet mouth (55).

Figs. 7 and 31 show that the vertical linear direction (Z) is perpendicular to the mouth of the cavity (52)

In the example of Figs. 10 and 11, the mold (50) includes means for regulating said cavity (52) to adapt to the length and width of the box (B) in two directions, longitudinal (X) and transverse (Y), independently.

Throughout the embodiments, longitudinal and transverse horizontal directions (X, Y) generally designate two mutually perpendicular linear horizontal directions.

These adjustment means include two spindles (2) supported on the chassis (1) aligned along the longitudinal direction (X) to adapt the cavity (52) along the longitudinal direction (X), and four flanges (3) supported in pairs on two transverse bars (4) supported on the longitudinal spindles (2), to adapt the cavity according to the transverse direction (Y).

The two spindles (2) are mutually coupled to rotate synchronously by sprockets (5) and a chain (6). The forming stops (56) and the rest of the movable elements are supported directly or indirectly on said transverse bars (4) through respective supports (21).

Prior to positioning the plate (P) in its final transport position centered between the core (15) and the cavity (52), it is transported by means of a conveyor equipped with two plate guides (40) and pushed by a conveyor member (not shown) from an initial position associated with a store of stacked plates (not shown), to said final position, passing under a plurality of glue injectors (not shown) that are supported on the chassis (1) and suspended above the conveyor.

The glue injectors deposit points or strings of glue (CC) parallel to each other on predefined areas of the plate (P), such as those indicated in Fig. 5.

Thus, Fig. 5 shows that for the formation of the box (B) of Fig. 5, it is necessary, preferably, some strings of glue (CC) deposited on each of the four lateral flaps (SL) derived from both sides of two mutually facing lateral walls (PL).

Said cords of glue (CC) of the lateral flaps (SL) remain parallel to the bottom plane (F) of the box (B) even once it is formed, as can be deduced from Figs. 2 to 4.

Optionally, at least one of these points or beads of glue (CC) extends over an optional chamfered face (CH) of the future corner area (A) of the box (B) to glue the optional reinforcement flaps (SR) that are born on both sides of the rims (R) of the other two lateral walls (PL).

Preferably, dots or beads of glue (CC) deposited on four portions of the rims (R) are also necessary to glue some rims (R) with others in the overlapping areas (A).

After depositing the beads of glue (CC) by means of the glue injectors (not shown), the plate (P) is positioned in the final transport position of Fig. 10.

To help the positioning of the plate (P) on the entry mouth (54) even at high speed, each plate guide (40) comprises two blocks (42) fixed to it, which support the lower part of the plate guides (40) a longitudinal extension (41) aligned according to direction (X) at respective points. Each longitudinal extension (41) is positioned according to the transversal (Y) adjustable by means of two transversal branches (43) joined to the transversal extension (41) and fixed by means of respective blocking and unblocking elements to each stud (42), passing through the branches crosswise (43) some holes of the plugs (42). The locking and unlocking elements can be screws.

The male drive (10) supported on the chassis (1) moves the male (15) guided along the linear direction (Z) towards the insertion position of the male (15) in the cavity (52), dragging the plate (P ) into the cavity (52) of the mold (50). The male drive (10) comprises an arm moved by a motor member (not shown).

Said plug (15) is connected by means of a connection support (11) to the plug drive (10). The male (15) essentially has the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, and comprises four flat lateral sides (62) arranged facing each other around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to the vertical linear direction (Z), defining the four flat lateral sides (62), four corner areas of the plug (15) between two adjoining flat lateral sides (62), and a front and rear side (61, 63) according to the direction in which the plug (15) is inserted into the mold (50).

Figs. 7 and 10 show that the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (not shown) integrated in the male (15) configured to press a bottom portion of a plate (P) positioned in the inlet mouth (54) and introduce it into the cavity (52).

Mounted on the rear side (63) of the core (15) is a core bending device comprising four forming members (64a), arranged around the connection support (11), facing each other two by two, each associated with one of the flat lateral sides (62) inclined, and positioned in use in a projected position towards the outside of the male (15) with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) to bend towards the outside said flanges.

The core bending device also comprises four corner forming members (64b), distributed around the connection support (11), each of them positioned in a corner area of the core (15) sandwiched between two forming members (64a) adjoining, and positioned in use in a projected position towards the outside of the male (15) in the corner area thereof.

Figs. 8 to 10 show that the male bending device comprises eight forming members (64a, 64b) materialized in respective eight individual pieces screwed by means of two respective screws (not referenced) each one to a male core made of cast nylon provided with the aforementioned four walls sides (62), which delimit four corner zones of the core (15) that include two chamfers (62) each, forming a core (15) provided with twelve inclined faces in correspondence to the inner shape of the side walls (PL) and chamfered faces (CH) of the box (B) to be formed in Fig. 4.

Figs. 1 and 6 to 11 show that the mold (50) further comprises four forming stops (56), facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

Each forming stop (56) is movable between the retracted position of Figs. 1, 6, 8 and 10, to insert the sheet to be formed in the cavity (52), and the stop position of Figs. 9 and 11, towards the interior of the cavity (52), allowing the forming stops (56) movable between the stop and retracted positions to evacuate each box (B) formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth (55) without interfering with the forming stops (56).

Each of the forming stops (56) includes an upper die face (58, 59), configured so as, in its stop position of Fig. 8, to be immobilized and located inferiorly adjacent to a forming member (64a), to be adjacent to a respective rim fold line (LR) connecting one of the outer rims (R) with the upper part of a lateral wall (PL) of the box (B), and to receive the pressure of the flanges (R) bent outwards by the forming members (64a), with the male (15) in the position of introduction of Fig. 9.

Continuing in Fig. 9, with the male (15) positioned in the insertion position, the four corner forming members (64b) are configured to press superiorly by contact overlapping portions (A) of the mentioned rims (R) folded outwards and located in the corner areas of the box (B). By pressing up on each corner area, the upper rim portion (R) presses down against the upper face of the lower rim portion (R) at the overlap portion (A). During this pressure, the four corner forming members (64b) are additionally configured to glue some rims (R) against each other by pressure in these overlapping portions (A), together with the points or beads of glue (CC) previously deposited by means of the injectors. tail (not shown).

This mold (50) of Figs. 1 and 6 to 11 further comprises at least four lateral bearing faces, movable between a retracted position adjacent to the cavity (52) and a stop position towards the interior of the cavity (52), mutually facing each other in pairs, arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

Each of the four lateral bearing faces has a vertical inclination complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15), the at least four lateral bearing faces being in their stop positions in Fig. 9 configured to press the outer part of the box (B), this outer part including the corner areas thereof, against the four flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15) towards the interior of the cavity (52), during the aforementioned pressing by contact and gluing of the four corner forming members (64b), also illustrated in Fig. 9.

In Figs. 1 and 6 to 11, the mold (50) has a total of twelve die faces (C1, C2, C3, C4). Two of the four forming stops (56) each comprise seven lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1), configured to press a side wall (PL) into the stop position. of the box (B) and two chamfered corner zones with two chamfered faces (CH) each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two chamfered corner zones of the core (15) with two chamfers (62a) each.

The lateral bearing face designated as C4 presses in use the lateral wall (PL) of greater length in the figures, the two lateral bearing faces (C3, C2) located on each side press against respective corner areas of the male (15) provided with two chamfers (62a) each, while the two lateral bearing faces (C1) press against the wall lateral (PL) of shorter length in the figures.

The two shaping stops (56) of the mold (50) with seven lateral die faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) have twelve molding edges (A50) integrated in total, six molding edges (A50) each one, three in correspondence with each corner of the box (B) to be formed.

The molding edges (A50) have respective vertical inclinations complementary to the inclinations of each of the flat lateral sides (62) and/or chamfered corner zones of the core (15), and each of them is configured to cooperate with an edge of male (A60) located in the corner area of the male (15).

For its part, the core (15) has three core edges (A60) in each of its corner areas, which delimit two chamfers (62a) and the side walls (62) contiguous to these.

Figs. 1 and 6 to 11 show that the lateral bearing faces and/or the mentioned molding edges (A50) are additionally integrated together with the upper bearing faces (58, 59) in two of the four forming stops (56).

Likewise, the lateral bearing faces and the molding edges (A50) of the forming stops (56) and the corner areas of the core (15) that includes the core edges (A60) are machined on respective cast nylon blocks.

Continuing in Figs. 1 and 6 to 11, ten of the twelve lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) of the mold (50) include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coinciding with each one of the counterpressure surfaces of the flat lateral sides (62) of the male (15). The lateral bearing faces of the aforementioned dimensions correspond to the lateral bearing faces designated as C2, C3 and C4.

Fig. 10 shows in detail that the molding ridges (A50) include respective ridge portions of essentially matching lengths with each of the three core ridges (A60) positioned in each of the four corner regions of the core (15).

Figs. 6 and 7 show that the plug (15) includes a retainer device (76) integrated in the flat bottom surface (65) of the plug (15). The retaining device (76) is configured to imprison the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the flat bottom surface (65) of the male (15), and is embodied in one or more connectable vacuum suction cups to a vacuum source, such as a vacuum pump or Venturi effect device.

Likewise, the core (15) comprises an ejector device (75) integrated in the flat bottom surface (65) of the core (15). The ejector device (75) is configured to facilitate the extraction of the core (15) from the box (B) formed. The ejector device (75) is one or more vacuum pads as shown in Fig. 7.

Turning to Fig. 9, it is shown that the corner forming members 64b are configured to press against the forming stops 56 in the stop position.

Figs. 1 and 6 to 11 show that each of the four forming stops (56) also has a horizontal bending edge (AH) integrated adjacent to the upper bearing face (58, 59), being four in total.

Each of the horizontal bending edges (AH) is configured to bend about the rim fold line (LR) each rim (R) outwards, in cooperation with a respective forming member (64a, 64b) of the bending device. of male.

In Figs. 8 and 9 show that each horizontal bending edge (AH) is configured to position itself in the stop position adjacent to the rim bend line (LR) during pressure from the lateral die faces (C1, C2, C3, C4). of the forming stops (56) against the outside of the box (B).

In Figs. 1 and 6 to 11 show that the four forming stops (56) also have an inclined horizontal bending edge (AI) integrated adjacent to both ends of the horizontal bending edge (AH), so that the forming stops (56) have integrated eight inclined horizontal bending edges (AI) in total, two associated with each corner of the cavity (52) corresponding to the corner of the box (B) to be formed.

Two of the forming stops (56) mutually facing each other along the longitudinal direction (X) have a flat and horizontal top bearing face (58) and the other two shaping stops (56) mutually facing each other along the transverse direction (Y) have a bearing face top (58) flat and horizontal.

Each of the eight forming members (64a, 64b) is provided with a flat, horizontal pressure surface configured to press against the flat top die faces (58, 59) of the forming stops (56).

The mold (50) comprises two mutually facing presses (46), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), and movable between a retracted position of Figs.

7 and 8 towards the outside of the cavity (52), and a pressure position of Fig. 9 towards the inside of the cavity (52).

For the formation of the box of Fig. 4, the presses (46) move from the position retracted to the pressure position once the forming stops (56) are in the stop position, as shown in Fig. 9, where it is illustrated that the presses (46) are dimensioned and positioned to press in position Press the outside of the box (B) on two opposite side walls (PL) against respective opposite flat side walls (62) of the core (15) with the forming stops (56) in the stop position.

Each press (46) is attached to the movable rod (47b) of a respective pneumatic press cylinder (47) supported on a fixed support (21) of the chassis (1). Each of the rods (47b) is guided by a respective cylinder guide device (37) along the longitudinal direction (X).

The two forming stops (56) aligned along the longitudinal direction (X) have an upper bearing face (58) but lack lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4). Each upper bearing face (58) is attached to the movable rod (36b) of a stop pneumatic cylinder (36), each of the rods (36b) being guided by a cylinder guide device (37) that guides each rod (36b) movable along the longitudinal direction (X). This cylinder guide device (37) is materialized particularly in a linear guide supported on the support (21) next to the stop pneumatic cylinder (36), and a linear slider (38) coupled to the linear guide (37), which is attached in turn to the stem (36b).

The two forming stops 56 aligned along the cross direction Y have one stop member 57a each. Each stop member (57a) is attached to the movable rod (36b) of a respective stop pneumatic cylinder (36), each of the rods (36b) being guided by means of a cylinder guide device (37) materialized in two linear rods that they guide each movable rod (36b) according to the transverse direction (Y).

Each of these stop members (57a) is the aforementioned cast nylon block having the aforementioned seven lateral bearing faces machined (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) and the aforementioned six molding edges (A50) referenced in Figs. 1 and 8. The stop member (57a) further comprises a plate at the top screwed to the nylon block of the stop member (57a). The plate integrates the horizontal bending edge (AH) and two inclined horizontal edges (AI), one at each distal end of the bending artist (AH).

The immobilization of the seven lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) in the stop position of each shaping stop (56), is carried out by applying pressurized air on one of the two sides of the rod (36b) movable pneumatic cylinder.

The second, third, and fourth embodiments of the mold 50 of a machine 100 for forming boxes (B) are useful for forming the boxes (B) of Figs. 3 and 22, in where each corner zone of said boxes includes lateral portions of two contiguous lateral walls (PL) that define it.

In this second, third and fourth embodiments of the mold (50) of a machine for forming boxes (B), the core (15) of the machine (100) can correspond to the core (15) of Fig. 12, and each of the forming stops (56) is movable by means of a respective stop actuator, which can be materialized in a pneumatic stop cylinder (36).

According to the second embodiment of Figs. 13 and 14, the mold (50) comprises two forming stops (56), mutually facing each other along the transverse direction (Y), each of them comprising three of said lateral die faces (C1, C4, C1), one of which is the three lateral bearing faces referenced as C4 of each forming stop (56) configured to press a lateral wall (PL) against a respective flat lateral side (62) of the male (15) shown in Fig. 12, and the other two faces lateral anvils of each forming stop (56) referenced as C1 configured to press respective corner areas of the box (B) of Figs. 2 and 26 against respective corner areas of said male (15) of Fig. 12 lacking chamfers in its corner areas.

In Figs. 13 and 14, each of the two forming stops 56 is provided with an essentially U-shaped stop member 57a.

Each stop member (57a) is provided with two molding ridges (A50), each one delimiting two adjoining lateral bearing faces (C1, C4).

Each shaping edge (A50) is configured to fold a lateral fold line (LL) of the box (B) of Figs. 2 and 26 separating a side wall (PL) from a side flap (SL), in cooperation with a pin edge (A60) located in the corner area of the pin (15).

According to the third embodiment of the mold (50) of Fig. 15, the mold (50) comprises four forming stops (56), facing each other in pairs along the transverse direction (Y). Each of the four forming stops (56) comprises two of the aforementioned lateral bearing faces (C1, C4), these being configured to press respective corner areas of the box (B) against respective corner areas of the male (15) of Fig. 12 lacking chamfers in its corner areas.

In Fig. 15, each of the four forming stops (56) includes a stop member (57a). Each stop member (57a) is essentially L-shaped and is provided with a molding edge (A50) that delimits the two adjoining lateral abutment faces (C1, C2, C4), each molding edge (A50) being configured to bend a line of side fold (LL) of the box (B) separating a side wall (PL) from a side flap (SL), in cooperation with a core edge (A60) located in the corner area of the core (15).

In the fourth embodiment of the mold (50) of Fig. 16, the mold (50) comprises four forming stops (56), two aligned along the longitudinal direction (X) and two aligned along the transverse (Y), each of they comprise one of the aforementioned lateral bearing faces (C1, C4), configured to press in the stop position a respective lateral wall (PL) of the box (B) against a respective flat lateral side (62) of the male (15) .

The fifth and sixth embodiments of the mold (50) are useful for the formation of the box (B) of Figs. 3 and 27, where each corner area of said boxes (B) includes a chamfered face.

According to the fifth embodiment of Fig. 17, the mold (50) comprises four forming stops (56), each of them comprising a lateral bearing face (C1, C4), configured to press a respective side wall in the stop position. (PL) of the box (B) against a respective flat lateral side (62) of the male (15).

The lateral bearing faces (C1, C4) of the four forming stops (56) are positioned laterally around the cavity (52), laterally separated from each other at the corners of the cavity (52) corresponding to the corner areas of the box (B) to be formed, a distance corresponding to the chamfered core corner areas, which includes a chamfer (62a), and which connect each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the core. This male is not shown in the figures.

The mentioned four lateral bearing faces (C1, C4) include a molding edge (A50) each, the molding edges (A50) being located at the respective lateral ends of the lateral bearing faces (C1, C4), delimiting the aforementioned corner separations of the cavity (52).

In Fig. 17, the mold (50) also comprises four additional forming stops (56) with an additional side bearing face (C2), each one complementary to the corner areas of the chamfered boxes (B), being positioned each of these four additional forming stops (56) positioned in said corner separations of the cavity (52).

Thus, the mold (50) has eight forming stops (56), each provided with a respective stop member (57a) movable by means of a respective stop actuator, which can be embodied in a pneumatic stop cylinder (36).

In the sixth embodiment of Fig. 18, the two forming stops (56) comprise, each one of them, five of the aforementioned lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C4, C2, C1), configured to press in the stop position a side wall (PL) of the box (B) and two chamfered corner areas with a chamfered face each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two corner areas of the core (15) chamfered with a chamfer (62a) each.

Thus, each side bearing face (C4, C1) presses against a respective side wall (62) of the core (15), each side bearing face (C2) presses against a respective chamfer (62a). Each of these four side abutment faces referenced C2 is configured to cooperate with two core ridges (A60) located in the corner area of the eight sidewall core (not shown).

In the seventh embodiment of Fig. 19, useful for forming the boxes (B) of Figs.

4 and 28, the two forming stops (56) each comprise five of the aforementioned lateral bearing faces (C3, C2, C4, C2, C3), configured to press a side wall (PL ) of the box (B) and two chamfered corner zones with two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two chamfered corner zones of the core (15) with two chamfers (62a) each. The male (15) of Fig. 12 can cooperate with the mold (50) of this embodiment.

Thus, each lateral bearing face referenced as C4 presses against a respective side wall (62) of the core (15), each lateral bearing face referenced as C2 and C3 presses against a respective chamfer (62a) of the core (15). Each of these four lateral abutment faces referenced as C2 and C3 is configured to cooperate with two or three core edges (A60) located in the corner area of the core (15), and better shown in Fig. 8.

In Figs. 18 and 19, each of these two forming stops (56) has a stop member (57a) embodied in a block of cast nylon having a horizontal edge (AH) and two inclined horizontal edges (AI) machined.

According to the eighth embodiment of the mold 50 of Figs. 20 and 23, the mold 50 includes some variations with respect to the first embodiment, and they are described below.

The mold (50) also comprises a plurality of first and second doublers (51, 53) arranged around the cavity (52) located in correspondence with the lateral envelope of the box (B) to be formed in Fig. 27, and four third folders (51b), each of them located in one of the four corners of the cavity (52) between a first and second folder (51, 53) next to each other.

The third folders (51b) are configured to fold the side flaps (SL) so that they are on the inside of the box (B) as shown in Figs. 26 to 28. The first (51) and second (53) folders of the boxes (B) are configured to bend the side walls (PL) of the same.

A guiding device associated with said mold (50) shown in Figs. 20 and 21, is provided with four box guides (90) facing each other in pairs, configured to guide the boxes formed through said outlet mouth (55), in a nested arrangement, one with the other, forming a stack of boxes ( B). In this example, each of the guides (90) are fixedly supported relative to a second bender (53).

Figs. 20 and 21 show the symmetrical half of said mold (50), which also comprises four forming stops (56), facing each other in pairs, according to a double axis of symmetry with the longitudinal and transverse directions (X, Y), and arranged around of the cavity (52), each in one of the four corner areas of the cavity (52).

Each of said forming stops (56) is movable by activating a stop actuator materialized in a pneumatic stop cylinder (36), between a retracted position of Figs. 20 to 23 adjacent to the cavity (52) where it does not interfere with the box (B) to be formed shown in Figs. 28, and a stop position (not shown) where two upper bearing faces (58, 59) of each of said forming stops (56) are flat and horizontal and are configured to be located adjacent to the rim fold lines (LR) that connect the outer rims (R) with the side walls (PL) of the box (B) of Figs. 22 and 23. The flat and horizontal upper bearing faces (58, 59) are configured in said stop position to receive the pressure of the outer flanges (R) before their bending outwards by the forming members (64a) of the bending device. male (60).

Figs. 20 to 23 show that each forming stop (56) comprises a stop actuator (36) embodied in a pneumatic cylinder, which is mounted on a support (21) supported on the chassis (1).

Each respective cylinder is configured to linearly move a first stop member (57a) having a flat upper die face (58). This first stop member (57a) is operatively connected to a second stop member (57b) by a screw (22) attached to the first stop member (57b) and a spring (20) that holds the second stop member (57b). ) in contact with said screw (22) which functions as a cam follower.

When the cylinder rod comes out, the first stop member (57a) and screw (22) are moves linearly into the cavity (52), causing the second stop member (57b) to rotate from a retracted position into the cavity (52). With this, the two flat top bearing faces (58, 59) remain in their stop position.

Forming members 64a and corner forming members 64b of the core bending device (not shown in Figs. 20 to 23 but shown in Fig. 1 for the first embodiment) are configured to horizontally press portions of overlapping (A) of said outer rims (R) against two flat upper bearing faces (58, 59) in their abutting position with the male (60) inserted inside the box (B) in the insertion position.

In this embodiment, each of two mutually facing forming members (64a) are configured to press the overlapping portions (A) of said outer rims (R) against two flat top die faces (59), while each other two mutually facing forming members (64a) are configured to press the overlapping portions (A) of said outer rims (R) against two other flat top die faces (58).

When the cylinder rod enters, the stop members (57a, 57b) move from the stop position to the retracted position, allowing the formed boxes (B) to pass through the outlet port (55) facing vertically with the outlet port. input (54).

Figs. 20 to 23 show that the stops (56) are located around the cavity (52) in a position further away from the inlet mouth (54) than the plurality of first and second doublers (51, 53).

Figs. 20 to 23 show that the mold (50) comprises the essentially vertical side die faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) provided with an inclination that are integrated into the forming stops (56), said inclination and shape being complementary with chamfered corners. of the boxes (B), configured to press in its stop position the outer part of the box (B) in each of said corners, against two chamfers (62a) that connect each of said flat lateral sides (62) of said male (not shown in Figs. 20 to 23 but shown in Fig. 1 for the first embodiment).

Each of these forming stops (56) comprises a stop member (57) comprising first and second stop members (57a, 57b).

In this embodiment, each first stop member (57a) comprises two lateral bearing faces (C3, C4) forming an angle, which defines some molding artists (A50) that help the folding and gluing of the fold line of a chamfered face ( CH) of a corner of the box (B), while the second stop member (57b) comprises two other bearing faces (C2, C1) forming an angle, which defines some molding artists (A50) that help the folding and gluing of the other line of fold the other chamfered face (CH) of that same corner of the box (B).

Figs. 24 and 25 show a variant of the eighth embodiment, comprising all the elements and features of the eighth embodiment except for some elements and features of the forming stops (56).

In this variant, the mold (50) comprises four forming stops (56) with two flat upper bearing faces (58, 59), each forming stop (56), where each flat upper bearing face (58, 59) is movable by means of a respective stop actuator (36).

The stop actuators (36) are embodied in respective pneumatic cylinders, supported on a support (21) of the chassis (1), and connected, respectively, to the first and second stop members (57a, 57b), to move them by activating the cylinders. .

According to the ninth embodiment of Figs. 29 to 32, the mold 50 of the box forming machine 100 B comprises some variations from the eighth embodiment, and they are described below.

Figs. 29 to 32 show that the first and second benders (51, 53) are movable by means of respective bending actuators (31, 33) materialized in pneumatic cylinders, between a bending position shown in Fig. 31, where they are positioned towards the inside of the cavity (52) to fold said side walls (PL) attached to the bottom (F) of the box (B), and a retracted position shown in Fig. 32, where they are positioned towards the outside of the cavity (52 ) to extract the male (80) from the mold (50).

In Fig. 31, the plate (P) guided by the plate guides (40) is located on the plate entry mouth (54) and the core (80) descends along the vertical linear direction (Z) towards the cavity (52) with the first and second folders (51, 53) in the folding position.

In Fig. 32, the first and second doublers (51, 53) are in the retracted position and the male (not shown) has moved from an insertion position to an extraction position, according to an ascending direction according to the linear direction (Z)vertical.

Figs. 31 and 32 show that the guide device is configured to support the formed boxes (B), and its two mutually facing box guides (90) guide the formed boxes (B) through the outlet mouth (55), in a nested arrangement, one with the other, forming a stack of boxes (B ).

In a first illustrative embodiment of the method for forming boxes (B) and with rims (R) located in the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the same and folded towards the outside of the boxes (B), the method is particularly implemented by the mold 50 of the box forming machine 100 B of the first embodiment of the first aspect of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 6 to 11, in which the mold (50) with a cavity (52) faces a male (15) movable linearly through the cavity (52).

The method of this first embodiment comprises the steps of:

position a bottom portion (F) of a plate (P) on an entrance mouth (54) to the cavity (52) as illustrated in Fig. 7 and 10, to insert the bottom portion (F) inside the cavity (52) as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 11; Y

bending some lateral walls (PL) attached to the bottom portion (F) of the box (B) to be formed by means of the mold (50), in cooperation with some inclined flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15).

Specifically, this step of bending some side walls (PL) by means of the mold (50) can be executed by the forming stops (56) of the mold (50) of the first embodiment of the machine (100) shown in Figs. 1 and 6 to 11, or by means of the first and/or second doublers (51, 53) of the eighth or ninth embodiments of Figs.

20 to 23 and 29 to 32, respectively.

Said method also comprises the steps of:

evacuating each box (B) formed from the cavity (52) through an outlet mouth (55) of the mold (50) aligned along the linear direction (Z) with the inlet mouth (54) shown in Fig. 7, and alternatively shown in Fig. 32;

move forming stops (56) facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), from a retracted position of Figs. 1 and 8, to insert the plate (P) to be formed in the cavity (52), up to a stop position of Fig. 9 towards the interior of the cavity (52), where upper bearing faces (58, 59 ) of the forming stops (56) are located adjacent to the rim fold lines (LR) that connect said outer rims (R) with the side walls (PL) of the box (B);

immobilize the upper bearing faces (58, 59) of the forming stops (56) in the respective stop positions; Y

receive on the upper bearing faces (58, 59) the pressure of the flanges (R) bent outwards, as shown in Fig. 9.

The folding of said outer rims (R) is carried out with the bottom (F) of the box (B) stationary, stationary, as illustrated in Fig. 9.

In Fig. 9, the method comprises the step of pressing down the overlapping portions (A), by means of the upper die faces (58, 59).

Continuing in Fig. 9, the corner forming members (64b) of the core bending device additionally exert pressure against the upper die faces (58, 59) in their stop position, thus pressing superiorly and inferiorly the overlapping portions (A) , by means of the forming corner members (64b) and the upper bearing faces (58, 59), respectively.

During the step of pressing the outer part of the box (B) towards the interior of the cavity (52), which will be described later, the method comprises the additional step of maintaining two different lateral separations of the four lateral bearing walls with respect to some sides. flat sides (62) of the core (15): a first lateral separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with the plate thickness (P), and a second lateral separation on two other mutually flat lateral sides (62) opposites associated with twice the plate thickness (P).

After the steps of moving the forming stops (56) from their retracted positions to their stop positions and immobilizing the upper bearing faces (58, 59), the method further comprises the step of moving the forming stops (56) from their stop position. up to a retracted position to allow the evacuation of the boxes (B) from the cavity (52), passing through an outlet mouth (55) without interfering with the forming stops (56).

Firstly, the plate (P) is guided by two plate guides from a stacked plate store (not shown) to the input mouth (54) of the mold (50). During transport, the aforementioned points or strings of glue (CC) are applied by means of glue injectors (not shown) aligned along the transverse direction (Y) perpendicular to the transport direction aligned along the longitudinal direction (X) and suspended on the conveyor. .

Once the bottom portion (F) of the plate is positioned on the entrance mouth (54) to the cavity (52) facing a male (15) according to the linear direction (Z) vertical as shown in Figs. 7 and 10, pressure is continued on the bottom portion (F) of the plate (P) by means of the male (15) inserting it into said cavity (52), as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 11.

The plug (15), which is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, has been moved guided along the linear direction (Z), towards a position of an insertion position of Figs. 9 and 11 where the plug (15) is inside the cavity (52).

During this displacement of the male (15) or with the same in the insertion position, two mutually facing lateral walls (PL) are bent by means of two forming stops (56) mutually facing each other, thus these two lateral walls (PL) are positioned in the final position of these in the box (B) formed.

Next, with these two shaping stops (56) in the stop position, another two shaping stops (56) mutually facing each other provided with seven bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1), six modeling edges ( A50), one horizontal ridge (AH) and two inclined horizontal ridges (AI) each move from the retracted position in Figs. 1, 6 and 8 to the stop position of Figs. 9 and 11.

During this movement, these two forming stops (58) with seven lateral die faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) carry out the additional step of folding four lateral fold lines (LL) of the box (B ) that separate the side walls (PL) from the side flaps (SL) derived from it, by means of four molding edges (A50) integrated in the shaping stops (56), in cooperation with four male edges (A60) located one in each corner area of the male (15).

As shown in Fig. 9, these two shaping stops (56) carry out the step of pressing the outer part of the box (B) towards the interior of the cavity (52) against the four flat lateral sides (62) of the male ( 15), this outer part including the corner areas of the box (B), by means of the fourteen lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) of the forming stops (56) of the mold (50 ) movable arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

In this step of pressing the outer part of the box (B), essentially all the surfaces of the side walls (PL) of the box (B) are pressed by moving said lateral bearing faces against the flat lateral sides ( 62) of the male (15), as shown in Fig. 9, or alternatively in Figs. 14 and 16.

Furthermore, as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 11 the stage of pressing the outer part of the box (B) comprises pressing four chamfered corner areas of the box (B), by means of four lateral bearing faces (C2, C3) in the stop position against some areas of chamfered corner of the male (15), including two chamfers (62a), and connecting each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the male (15).

Also, as can be seen from Figs. 5-9, a horizontal bending edge (AH) built into each forming stop (56) adjacent to the upper die face (58, 59) bends about the rim fold line (LR) each rim (R) toward the exterior, in cooperation with a respective forming member (64a) of the core bending device, each horizontal bending edge (AH) adjacent to the rim bending line (LR) being positioned in the stop position during the pressure of the die faces sides of the forming stops (56) against the outside of the box (B).

Following in Figs. 5 to 9, in the method, eight inclined horizontal bending edges (AI) with respect to the horizontal bending edges (AH) integrated in the four forming stops (56) bend around the rim bending line (LR) each portion of chamfered overlap (A) of the rim (R) outwards, in cooperation with a respective corner forming member (64b) of the core bending device, each inclined horizontal bending edge (AI) adjacent to the line being positioned in the stop position of rim bending (LR) in the overlapping portions (A) during the pressure of the lateral abutment faces of the forming stops (56) against the outside of the box (B).

At this point, the method, during the movement of these two forming stops (56) aligned according to the transverse direction (Y) and provided with seven lateral bearing faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) each , from the retracted position to the stop position, executes the steps of:

• folding and positioning of two alternate side walls (PL) with respect to the bottom (PF) to a final position in the box (B),

• pressure of the two alternating lateral walls (PL) against respective lateral sides (62) of the male (15),

• folding and final positioning of two side flaps (SL) derived from each of the alternate side walls (PL),

• conformation of the corner zones of the box (B),

• bending some corner chamfers of the box (B) and pressing them against the chamfers (62a) of the male (15),

• bending of the rims (R) associated with the two alternate side walls (PL),

• receive on the upper abutment faces the pressure of the overlapping portions of the flanges, and

• gluing of the overlapping portions (A) of the flanges (R).

Before the movement of the forming stops (56) aligned according to the transverse direction (Y) of Figs. 1 and 6 to 11 from the retracted position to the stop position of the, the rims (R) of two other alternate side walls (PL) are bent outwards, by means of the other two shaping stops (56) mutually aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X), in cooperation with two mutually facing forming members (64a).

After the movement of the forming stops (56) aligned transversely from the retracted position to the stop position of the stage, and with the forming stops (56) in the stop position, the method further comprises the step of pressing, by means of two mutually facing mold (50) presses (46), the outside of the box (B), towards the inside of the cavity (52), against two opposite flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15).

At this point the box is essentially formed, in the absence of the proper drying times of an applied hot glue.

Next, the forming stops (56) and the presses (46) return to their respective retracted positions, to allow the evacuation of the boxes (B), passing through an outlet mouth (55).

Also, after the formation of the box (B), the male (15) moves from the insertion position of Figs. 9 and 11 inside the cavity (52), up to the extraction position of Figs. 8 and 10 out of the cavity (52), ready for a next boxing cycle (B).

The scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims (19)

1.- Mold (50) of machine (100) for forming cardboard and/or plastic boxes (B), said boxes (B) having rims (R) located on the upper part of side walls (PL) of the boxes (B) folded towards the outside of the boxes (B) in cantilever to facilitate a subsequent closure of the container by means of a film that seals an upper open part of the box (B), with peripheral support of said film on said rims (R), the mold (50) comprising a cavity (52), which is capable of being aligned with a male (15, 80) along a linear direction (Z), the cavity (52) being delimited at least partially by some box-forming elements arranged surrounding the cavity (52), an input mouth (54) of plate (P) to the cavity (52), and an output mouth (55) of the box (B) formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the linear direction (Z), and the outlet mouth (55) being sized to evacuate the boxes (B) formed from the cavity (52) passing through the outlet mouth (55); characterized because said forming elements of the box (B) of the mold (50) arranged around the cavity (52) comprise a plurality of forming stops (56), mutually facing each other, each of said forming stops (56) being movable between a retracted position , and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity (52), allowing the set of forming stops (56) movable between the stop and retracted positions to evacuate each box formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth ( 55); Y each of the forming stops (56) includes an upper die face (58, 59), configured to, in its stop position, be immobilized and adjacent to a respective rim fold line (LR) connecting one of the rims (R) outsides of the box (B) with the top of a side wall (PL) of the box (B), and each of the upper bearing faces (58, 59) is configured to, in its stop position , receive the pressure of the previously folded flanges (R). 2- Mold (50) according to claim 1, wherein the linear direction (Z) corresponds to the vertical, the vertical being perpendicular to the mouth of the cavity (52), and wherein the forming stops (56) movable between the stop and retracted positions allow each box (B) formed to be evacuated from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth (55) without interfering with the forming stops (56). 3. Mold (50) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mold (50) further comprises at least four lateral bearing faces, movable between respective retracted positions adjacent to the cavity (52) and respective stop positions towards the interior of the cavity (52), arranged around the cavity (52), each one of them with an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z), and the at least four lateral bearing faces in their stop positions configured to press the outer part of the box (B) including surfaces of the side walls (PL) of the box (B), towards the interior of the cavity (52). 4. - Mold (50) according to claim 3, wherein the mold (50) comprises two forming stops (56), each of the two forming stops (56) comprising three of said lateral bearing faces. 5. - Mold (50) according to claim 4, one of the three lateral bearing faces of each forming stop (56) being configured to press a side wall (PL) of the box (B), and the other two lateral bearing faces of each forming stop (56) configured to press respective corner areas of the box (B). 6. - Mold (50) according to claim 5, wherein each of the two forming stops (56) is also provided with at least two molding edges (A50), each delimiting two lateral bearing faces (C1, C4 ) contiguous. 7. - Mold (50) according to any one of claims 3 to 6, wherein the at least four lateral bearing faces are additionally integrated together with the upper bearing faces (58, 59) in the plurality of forming stops (56). 8. - Mold (50) according to any one of claims 3 to 7, wherein the at least four lateral bearing faces of the mold (50) include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coinciding with each of the counterpressure surfaces of flat lateral sides (62) of the male (15, 80). 9. - Mold (50) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each forming stop (56) also has an integrated horizontal bending edge (AH) adjacent to the upper bearing face (58, 59), configured to bend around to the rim fold line (LR) each rim (R) to the outside. 10. - Mold (50) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the upper bearing faces (58, 59) of the forming stops (56) are flat. 11. - Method for the formation of boxes (B) of cardboard and/or plastic, with flanges (R) located in the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the boxes (B) folded towards the outside of the boxes ( B), by means of a mold (50) of a forming machine (100), the mold (50) comprising a cavity (52) delimited at least partially by elements box formers arranged surrounding the cavity (52), the method comprising the steps of: positioning a bottom portion (F) of a plate (P) on an entry mouth (54) to the cavity (52), to insert the bottom portion (F) inside the cavity (52); folding side walls (PL) attached to the bottom portion (F) of the box (B) to be formed; Y evacuating each box (B) formed from the cavity (52) through an outlet mouth (55) of the mold (50) aligned along a linear direction (Z) with the inlet mouth (54); characterized in that it further comprises the steps of: move some forming stops (56) that can form part of said forming elements of the box, the forming stops (56) mutually facing each other and arranged around the cavity (52), from a retracted position, to a stop position towards the interior of the cavity (52), where upper bearing faces (58, 59) of the forming stops (56) are located adjacent to the rim fold lines (LR) that connect said outer rims (R) with the walls sides (PL) of the box (B); immobilize the upper bearing faces (58, 59) of the forming stops (56) in the respective stop positions; receive on the upper bearing faces (58, 59) the pressure of the rims (R) bent outwards; Y move the shaping stops (56) from their stop position to their retracted position to evacuate the boxes (B), passing through the outlet mouth (55). 12. - Method according to claim 11, further comprising the step of pressing the outside of the box (B) including surfaces of the side walls (PL) of the box (B), into the cavity (52 ). 13. - Method according to claim 12, wherein in the step of pressing the outside of the box (B) essentially all the surfaces of the side walls (PL) of the box (B) are pressed. 14. - Method according to claim 12 or 13, wherein the forming stops (56) execute the step of pressing the outside of the box (B) by means of at least four Lateral bearing faces additionally integrated together with the upper bearing faces (58, 59) in the forming stops (56). 15- Method according to any one of claims 12 to 14, wherein the step of pressing the outside of the box (B) comprises pressing four chamfered corner areas of the box (B). 16. - Method according to any one of claims 12 to 15, wherein, during the step of pressing the outer part of the box (B), comprises the additional step of maintaining two different lateral separations of the four side walls with respect to some flat lateral sides (62) of a core (15, 80) movable linearly through the cavity (52): a first lateral separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with the plate thickness (P), and a second lateral separation on two other mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with twice the plate thickness (P). 17. - Method according to any one of claims 12 to 16, comprising the step of bending around the rim fold line (LR) each rim (R) outwards with a horizontal folding edge (AH) integrated in each forming stop (56). 18. - Method according to any one of claims 12 to 17, wherein, during the movement of the forming stops (56) from the retracted position to the stop position, the steps of: positioning of two alternate lateral walls (PL), in opposition, with respect to the bottom (F) until a final position of formation in the box (B), pressure of the two alternate side walls (PL), folding and final positioning of two lateral flaps (SL) derived from each of the alternating lateral walls (PL), conformation of some corner zones of the box (B), and bending of the rims (R) associated with the alternate side walls (PL); receive on the upper bearing faces (58, 59) the pressure of the overlapping portions (A) of the rims (R). 19. - Method according to any one of claims 12 to 18, wherein the step of receiving on the upper faces (58, 59) the pressure of the flanges (R) bent outwards is performed with the bottom (F) of the box (B) stationary, stopped.