ES2852059A1 - MACHINE AND METHOD FOR THE FORMATION OF BOXES INTENDED TO BE NESTED (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine (100) and method for the formation of boxes (B) intended to be nested. The machine (100) comprises a chassis (1) and a male drive (10) to move a male (60) in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid in a linear direction (Z) into a mold (50), which includes shaping stops (56), movable between respective retracted and stop positions to evacuate boxes from the mold (50) through an outlet mouth (55) opposite a plate inlet mouth (54), and having the shaping stops (56) at least six flat side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4), with respective inclinations complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60), configured to rigidly press two opposite side walls of the box (B) and four corner areas thereof towards the inside of the cavity (52), against two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a) located in the four corner areas of the male (60). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE AND METHOD FOR THE FORMATION OF BOXES INTENDED TO BE

NESTED

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention presents a machine and a method for the formation of boxes intended to be nested with each other.

These boxes are typically provided with a bottom and four side walls facing two by two surrounding the bottom, with respective convergent inclinations that cause the transverse and longitudinal measurements of the mouth of the box to be greater than the measurements of the bottom, to allow nesting. of some boxes with others.

These boxes have four box corner areas that separate two adjoining side walls, each of these areas including one or more chamfered faces and optionally side wall portions adjoining the chamfered faces, the box thus having eight or twelve side faces surrounding the background of it.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED

Document US4522618A describes a machine with a mold, and a male insertable linearly in the mold, to form conical boxes with four side faces intended to be nested one inside the other, having a bottom with a front side wall, a rear side wall , and two additional side walls, and a triangular connection panel, complementary panels that extend from the front and rear walls and the side walls, to contain liquids.

Said male has the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid with four side walls provided with respective inclinations with respect to the vertical to force the plate through the male. The plate is placed on plate guides immediately above the mold. Before the male presses the plate, glue is applied to parts of the plate.

The core then presses the plate against the mold, and mold pressure rollers resist the entry of the core and move out of the mold cavity as the core and plate move into the mold, moving the iron inside the mold. These pressure rollers engage firmly against the outer surfaces of the board where the glue has been applied and provide elastic pressure to squeeze and spread the glue and press the glue to form the box.

Thus, the referred mold is not a rigid mold, but a mold that can yield and follow the inverted truncated pyramid shape of the male. Additional nip rollers may be provided for the mold parts that engage the front and rear walls of the plate to provide a firm guide for the plate.

The plate, after being pushed by the core through the mold, passes through a formed box outlet mouth and falls onto a conveyor.

However, in US4522618A, the glue applicator of the machine of Figs.

1 to 3 and 5 slows down the productive speed of the boxes of the machine, since it is an applicator support 120, 121 that raises dediform rods 130 impregnated with glue coming from a bath of glue 125 to apply glue dots on the plate .

Alternatively, document US4522618A proposes glue injectors that can be activated by means of a signal, which are positioned just above the entrance mouth of the mold, and laterally outside the folding space of the cardboard as shown in Fig. 9. The document itself indicates that this alternative is more precise and faster to achieve a high production volume, basically because you do not have to wait for a few drops of glue to fall from the dediform rods 130.

According to another alternative, Figs. 10 to 12 of document US4522618A propose two glue rollers 330 with respective glue flattening surfaces 331 embossed which coincide with respective glue strips 331A to be applied on the plate.

Document EP3305514B1, of the same inventor as the present invention, describes a machine for forming prismatic boxes with eight side walls by folding and gluing stamped plates, comprising a mold with a cavity having a plate entrance mouth, and a box outlet mouth, and a tap moved in a linear direction Z by a tap drive between an extracted position and a position inserted into the cavity.

The mold comprises four single wall bender elements and four compound wall bender elements fixed in use to the chassis of the machine and arranged around the linear Z direction of the core and interspersed with each other defining an octagonal polygon where the core is insertable. The mold further comprises four pairs of pressure blades arranged so that the pressure blades of each pair flank one of the composite wall bender elements. The pressure vanes are moved by vane actuators between a retracted position and a depressed position. Each single and compound wall bender has an entry bender surface and a front surface parallel to the linear Z direction.

However, the machine of document EP3305514B1 is not structurally and functionally equipped to form boxes intended to be nested with one another. The pairs of clamping blades press on four alternate side walls of the eight-sided box, and thus are limitedly arranged to press on four alternate sides (facing two by two) of the octagonal polygon defining the molding cavity, as shown in Fig. 3.

In EP3305514B1, the glue applicator is located on the conveying direction of a conveyor between a plate loader and the mold cavity, and comprises a hot glue applicator and a cold glue applicator having a plurality of elements of application of hot and cold glue, respectively, to deposit hot and cold glue, respectively, on predefined areas of the plate while the plates are moved by the conveyor.

On the other hand, alternatively, there are machines equipped with a rotary head provided with a rotary axis and a plurality of rotary heads of the head that rotate around this rotary axis, and a series of bending elements that consecutively first bend some side walls of the box and then others to form it. Once the box is formed, the rotary axis of the head rotates so that a subsequent male of the head cooperates with the bender elements to form a subsequent box. These machines, although they can exhibit a high forming speed, have a series of disadvantages compared to the male type machines that can be moved linearly through the mold cavity: a high manufacturing cost of the machine, dimensions in height and / or plant excessive, and complex operation, adjustment, and maintenance.

On the other hand, documents GB1490301A and CA1121199A disclose respective methods and machines for the formation of trays from sheets of paper or cardboard covered with a plastic sheet, which comprise a rectangular bottom, four walls facing two by two with a convergent inclination towards its bottom, each connected to one side of the bottom, and reinforcing flaps associated with each corner of the bottom. Each wall is adhesively bonded to its two adjoining walls by said reinforcing flaps. Each side wall has outer ridges folded out of the box, which are joined to one another to form a continuous peripheral rectangular rim.

Document US2925758A shows a machine for forming containers from metal sheets or similar combinations, where the material, once folded, maintains its folded position. Such a machine is not suitable for the production of cardboard or plastic boxes and trays, since metallic materials have memory before the folded, and therefore a cardboard and / or plastic material needs to be held in the folded position for a time until the adhesive joins parts of the box to others.

For the formation of said trays with outer edges, document GB1490301A proposes a male element and a mold, facing each other, between which a plate is initially placed. The male inserts the plate into the mold through an upper mouth to bend some parts of the plate with others. Once the box is formed, it is extracted again through the upper mouth by means of a lifting plate that moves the bottom of the box from a position inserted in the mold to a raised position on the mold. The mold is configured to only insert and extract boxes through its upper mouth since it is a blind bottom mold mounted on a frame of a chassis. To finish the extraction of the box, a device F transports the boxes individually from the raised position to a lateral position on another conveyor G. These folding and extraction operations are complex and time consuming.

A drawback of GB1490301A and US2925758A is that the number of boxes formed in a period of time is very low, which increases the unit cost of forming said boxes. First in both cases, after bending the box, you must wait some time with the box inserted in the mold so that the adhesive on the walls and edges dries, and another added time so that the complex operation of extraction of the the formed tray of the mold. This causes the plate to have a stop point in the production cycle, stopping the plates fed to said mold and core.

Another drawback of document GB1490301A is that the adhesive is obtained by blowing hot air over certain areas of a plate stopped in a position on a conveyor, melting the hot-melt coating to join some parts of the plate with others. This causes the plate to have a second stop point in the production cycle, further stopping all plates transported to the air heater.

Another drawback of document GB1490301A is the excessive number of conveyor devices, B, D and F, due to the double stop of each plate in each cycle, which adds an extra cost, complexity, and excessive floor space, which increases the cost. unit of formation of said boxes.

To increase the speed of formation of these trays, document CA1121199A proposes to position on the mold and under the core a plate with adhesive applied on the reinforcing flaps. The male in its introduction into the mold cavity through of the inlet mouth forms the bottom, the side walls and adheres the walls against the reinforcing flaps. When the core reaches the position of maximum insertion, the tray is nested with the previously formed trays, forming a stack through a mold exit mouth aligned vertically with the core and the entrance mouth.

A drawback of document CA1121199A is that the speed of the forming machine is restricted to the speed with which the tap oscillates between said maximum extraction and insertion positions of its Fig. 3, and precisely the tap must make a long vertical travel between the positions of maximum extraction and maximum insertion shown in Fig. 3 to be able to perform all the folding operations of the box from its flat plate according to the vertical. In addition, the stack of nested boxes is also vertical and is located just below the mold.

First, this long vertical path of document CA1121199A limits the speed of formation of the boxes, since with the core inserted into the long vertical cavity of the mold, no other plate can be positioned between the core and the mold to carry out the next cycle of bending and ejection.

Second, the negative pressure holes support the side walls during the bending of the outer flanges, which is a critical operation and with low reliability, even more considering the several million cycles to which these machines are subjected. Thus, this causes constant production stops of the machine, which reduces its production speed.

Third, the long vertical travel of the male causes the height measurement of the machine to be excessive even for the formation of boxes of low height, although the width and length of the machine can be relatively small, which leads to problems in transportation and installation of said machine.

Fourth, the CA1121199A machine comprises an excessive number of elements, and furthermore these are of considerable dimensions, such as two vertical supports with cam followers connected to respective drive bars, four pinions and four racks, excessively elongated molding cavity, between many others, which add an extra cost, complexity, and contribute to said excessive measure in height of the machine, increasing the unit cost of forming said boxes.

It would be desirable to obtain a method and a machine, with a higher speed of formation of boxes intended to be nested with each other, while maintaining or reducing the measurements of said machine and the associated costs necessary for the formation of these. boxes. This speed is an essential factor in these machines, and can reach values of several thousand or even tens of thousands of boxes formed per hour.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect, to solve the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents a machine for the formation of boxes.

These boxes intended to be formed are typically provided with a bottom and four side walls facing two by two surrounding the bottom, with respective convergent inclinations that cause the transverse and longitudinal measurements of the mouth of the box to be greater than the measurements of the bottom, to allow nesting of some boxes with others.

The boxes can optionally be top-open of the tray type, to later be able to be closed at the top by means of a usually plastic sheet.

These boxes have four box corner areas separating two adjoining side walls, each of these areas including one or more chamfered faces and optionally side wall portions adjoining the chamfered faces, the box thus having four, eight or twelve side faces. surrounding the bottom of it.

These boxes are usually made by folding and gluing from a blank sheet of sheet material. By sheet material is meant a corrugated cardboard sheet, compact cardboard sheet, corrugated plastic sheet, compact plastic sheet, a combination of these, and the like. The plate, once stamped, has weakened bending lines, for example creasing lines and / or creasing lines, to facilitate its formation into a box by bending parts of the plate around them, but at the same time having the iron some stiffness.

The machine comprises a chassis, a mold, a tap drive, and a tap.

The mold is supported on the chassis and comprises a cavity aligned with a core according to a linear Z direction, a plate entrance mouth to the cavity, and an exit mouth of the box formed from the cavity, aligned according to the linear direction.

In the mold, the outlet mouth is sized to evacuate the formed boxes from the cavity through the outlet mouth.

The male drive is supported on the chassis, configured to move the male in a guided manner according to said linear direction Z in opposite directions, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male with respect to the cavity.

In the position of maximum extraction the male is outside said cavity, and in the position of maximum introduction the male is inside the cavity.

The tap drive may comprise a crank-and-rod type mechanism driven by a rotating electric motor; a fluid dynamic cylinder provided with a linearly guided movable rod or piston; a rack and pinion type mechanism coupled to a rotating electric motor, or a mechanism comprising a threaded rod driven by a rotating electric motor, among others.

Throughout the description, the term "linear direction" preferably corresponds to the vertical direction, although the present invention also expressly includes the case where the linear direction corresponds to the horizontal direction.

The plug is connected by a connection bracket to the plug drive. The plug is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, with four flat lateral sides arranged facing two by two around the connection bracket forming respective inclinations with respect to the linear Z direction.

These inclinations with respect to the linear direction Z, allow to form boxes with inclined side walls with respective inclinations greater than 90 degrees with respect to the bottom of the box, so that boxes formed within others can be nested (inserted). Illustratively, said inclinations can be between 92 and 105 degrees, thus each of the flat lateral sides of the core forming an inclination (angle) between 2 to 15 degrees with respect to the linear Z direction.

The four flat lateral sides define four corner zones of the core.

The core comprises a front and rear side according to the direction of introduction of the core into the mold.

The front side comprises a flat bottom surface integrated into the core, configured to press a bottom portion of a plate positioned in the inlet mouth and insert it into the cavity.

It will be understood that the flat bottom surface of the core may be a continuous flat surface, a flat frame, or a plurality of coplanar partial surfaces inscribed within the area defined by the flat bottom surface.

Up to this point, the characteristics and elements of the forming machine of the first aspect of the present invention that form part of the state of the art have been described.

According to this first aspect, the present invention also proposes, in combination, in a way per se not known from the existing state of the art, the elements and characteristics which are listed below.

In the machine, the four corner zones of the core are chamfered, each corner zone including one or more chamfers connecting two adjoining inclined flat lateral sides.

The mold further comprises a plurality of forming stops, mutually facing and arranged laterally around the cavity. Each of the forming stops is movable between a retracted position adjacent to the cavity, to insert the flat plate to be formed into the cavity, and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity.

The movable shaping stops are configured to evacuate the formed boxes from the cavity through the outlet mouth without interfering with the shaping stops.

Among others, this invention expressly covers the following possibilities: a mold with two shaping stops, a mold with four shaping stops, a mold with eight shaping stops, where preferably in any of these options each stop is movable by means of a respective stop actuator .

Furthermore, in the machine, the shaping stops comprise at least six flat side nose faces, movable between said respective retracted and stop positions, and the at least six flat side nose faces being configured to be immobilized in the respective stop positions.

This immobilization confers rigidity to the six lateral end faces while they are positioned in the stop positions exerting pressure against the lateral contour of the core. The immobilization can correspond to a mechanical immobilization, for example, corresponding to the edges of the thread of a threaded rod or spindle; to immobilization by means of an electrical control and / or power signal associated with an actuator, for example, a motor brake; to an immobilization of the axis of rotation of a rotary motor; or to an immobilization of the movable part of a fluid dynamic cylinder in that position associated with the pressure and force of a fluid such as air or oil, among others.

Likewise, each of the at least six flat side flange faces has an inclination with respect to the linear Z direction, complementary to the lateral contour of the male that includes the flat lateral sides and the chamfers, wherein at least two side flange faces have a shape. and inclination complementary to two opposite flat lateral sides, and at least four of the at least six flat lateral end faces have a shape complementary to the chamfered corner areas of the male.

Likewise, the at least six flat side flange faces are configured to, in their stop positions and with the male in the position of maximum insertion, press the outside of the box towards the inside of the cavity, against two flat lateral sides. mutually opposite core and the four chamfers of the four corner areas of the core. This outer part includes two opposite side walls of the box and the four corner areas of the box.

Advantageously, by means of the present invention, all the operations of bending and pressing of the box from the flat plate are carried out during the travel of the male towards the position of maximum insertion and the positioning of this in this position, thus increasing the speed of training in a compact, inexpensive and simple machine.

Furthermore, the movable shaping stops are configured to, during their movement from the stop position to the retracted position, allow the evacuation of each formed box from the cavity passing through the outlet mouth and not through the plate entrance mouth, causing an increase of the number of boxes produced in a certain time interval by avoiding associated downtime.

The pressure of the at least six lateral support faces when the tap is in use in the position of maximum insertion is advantageous, thanks to the fact that the bottom of the box is stopped, thus increasing the stability and centering of the partially formed box, and allows increase the linear speed of the core without a defective subsequent bending, pressing and / or gluing of the side walls, side flaps derived therefrom, and chamfered faces. This is especially advantageous in overcoming the drawbacks associated with the precise positioning of the chamfers of the box, which are also usually very small in size.

The aforementioned six lateral end faces, in cooperation with the male, carry out a high number of forming operations to transform the flat plate into a box, in a minimum interval of time, which can be associated with a preferential simultaneous movement of these end faces. sides of the forming stops from the retracted position to the stop position inside the cavity, reducing the dead time necessary with the tap in the position of maximum introduction for the formation of the box, all of this leading to a productive increase in boxes.

Thus, the machine is capable of forming boxes of different shapes, eight or twelve side faces surrounding the bottom of the same, with a high number of boxes formed per time interval. The relatively high number of side faces of the box does not appreciably affect the high speed of formation achieved by the present invention.

Advantageously, the present invention is also compatible for its implementation for the formation of boxes intended to be nested, which are also provided with edges located in the upper part of the side walls folded towards the outside of the boxes, and they can be superiorly. Tray-type openings to preferably facilitate the subsequent closure of the container by means of a film that seals the upper part open. These upper ridges define areas of overlap between adjoining ridges at the top of the corner areas of the box.

The number of side end faces of the machine mold depends on:

• whether the four corner areas of the box have one or two chamfers each, and

• the optional bending of the side flaps attached to some of the side walls by means of molding edges integrated into the forming stops and core edges integrated into the corner areas of the core.

As mentioned above, preferably, the shaping stops have at least eight molding edges integrated, with respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction Z complementary to the lateral contour of the male that includes the flat lateral sides and the chamfers, these molding edges being configured to cooperate with respective male edges located in the corner areas of the male.

This is useful for folding the side fold lines of the side flaps and chamfered faces of the box located in the corner areas of the box.

Optional core and molding edges allow for increased forming speed via efficient flap folding that also occurs during movement of the forming stops from the retracted position to the stop position, without increasing unit box formation time. .

Thus, the movable shaping stops with the flat side end faces integrated and distributed therein, are configured to, during their movement from the retracted position to the stop position, carry out the following operations:

• positioning of two alternate side walls of the box with respect to the fold lines of the bottom to a final forming position in the box,

• pressure of the same against respective flat lateral sides of the male,

• optionally, folding and final positioning in the box of two lateral flaps derived from each one of them, and

• bending and pressing the corner areas of the box, including bending of a few chamfered faces of the corner areas of the box and pressure of the same against respective chamfers of the male.

Preferably, each of the shaping stops is configured to be moved by one or more respective stop actuators.

Each stopper actuator can be embodied in a rotary motor, or a fluid dynamic cylinder, among others.

According to an embodiment of the machine for the formation of boxes intended to be nested with eight or twelve side faces, the mold comprises four forming stops with at least one side end face each. The side end faces are positioned laterally around the cavity, laterally spaced from each other at the corners of the cavity corresponding to the corner areas of the box to be formed, a distance corresponding to the chamfered core corner areas.

The at least four side end faces include a molding edge, the molding edges being located at the respective lateral ends of the side end faces, delimiting said corner gaps.

In this embodiment, the mold further comprises four additional shaping stops with at least one additional side nose face each, said additional side nose faces having a complementary shape to the chamfered corner areas of the core. These four additional shaping stops are positioned to press a respective chamfered corner area of the core into the stop position.

According to an alternative embodiment of the machine, the mold comprises two forming stops, each one comprising five lateral flange faces, the mold comprising ten lateral flange faces.

The five side end faces of each of the forming stops are configured to press in the abutment position a side wall of the box and two corner areas of the box chamfered with one or two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side. and two corner areas of the male chamfered with one or two chamfers each.

Complementary to the previous alternative embodiment, each of the two shaping stops comprises seven lateral support faces, the mold thus comprising fourteen lateral support faces.

The seven side end faces of each of the shaping stops are configured to press into the stop position a side wall of the box and two zones chamfered corner pieces with two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side and two corner areas of the male chamfered with two chamfers each.

In another alternative embodiment of the machine, the mold comprises four shaping stops, each of them comprising three of the aforementioned lateral flange faces, the mold thus comprising twelve lateral flange faces.

The three side end faces of each of the shaping stops are configured to press in the abutment position a chamfered corner area of the box against a chamfered core corner area that includes one or more chamfers.

Complementary to the previous alternative embodiment, each of the shaping stops comprises four lateral flange faces, the mold thus comprising sixteen lateral flange faces.

The four side end faces of each of the forming stops are configured to press in the abutment position a chamfered corner area of the box against a chamfered core corner area including two chamfers.

Preferably, in the machine, the side end faces and / or the molding edges of the forming stops and the corner areas of the core including the core edges are machined or fixedly attached on blocks of nylon, preferably cast nylon.

Advantageously, this achieves a precise positioning of the lateral support faces and / or the molding and core edges in the stop position, allowing the formation speed to be increased without experiencing frequent production stops, and a subsequent joining of some lateral walls with others. through the side flaps reliably and quickly.

Preferably, in the machine, the at least six side mold faces include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coincident with each of the counter pressure surfaces of two of the flat lateral sides of the core and at least four chamfers, one on each male corner zone.

This helps to position and maintain the side walls of the box in their predefined bent position with the core in the position of maximum insertion, and therefore to correctly position the side bend lines in their intended position to be able to undertake subsequent forming operations with reliability at high speed.

Complementary to the previous paragraph, the aforementioned molding edges include respective edge portions of lengths essentially coinciding with each of the male edges positioned in the corner areas of the male. Synergistically, efficient folding of side flaps derived from the side walls is performed to join one another while maintaining a high speed of formation.

Complementary to the previous paragraph, in the machine, with the forming stops in the stop positions and with the tap in the inserted position, the four lateral support walls are configured to maintain two different lateral separations with respect to the flat lateral sides of the tap: one A first gap is associated with the plate thickness on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides of the male, while a second gap is associated with twice the plate thickness on the other two mutually opposite flat lateral sides of the male.

With this double separation, a tight coupling between the parts of the core and the mold is achieved to exert mutual pressure between both parts, and also to position without place in error the side walls and the chamfered corner areas of the box in view of later operations. formation of the same, which allows to form box in a reliable way, maintaining a high productive speed.

Complementarily, in combination with the previous option, the mold comprises two mutually facing presses, arranged laterally around the cavity, and movable between a retracted position towards the outside of the cavity and a pressure position towards the inside of the cavity, dimensioned and positioned to press in the press position the outside of the box on two opposite side walls against respective opposite flat side walls of the core with the shaping stops in the stop position.

The presses may be configured to press contact pressure and preferably hot glue bonding the lateral flaps drifting from the side walls to other side walls and thus bond the side faces of the box to each other.

With the presses, the aforementioned coupling is improved, which also occurs essentially around the entire lateral contour of the core, which comprises the four side walls and all the chamfered faces of the corner areas of the box.

This option that contemplates the presses, can be used to form boxes where the side flaps are on the outside or inside of the box.

Alternatively, in the machine, the mold comprises first and / or second mutually facing benders in pairs, closer to the inlet mouth than the shaping stops, configured to bend at least two mutually opposite side walls by respective bend lines than the former. separated from the bottom of the plate, before the shaping stops position all the parts of the box in their final bending position. This alternative can be used to form boxes where the side flaps are on the outside or inside of the box.

Preferably, in the machine, the core includes a retainer integrated into the flat bottom surface of the core, the retainer device configured to trap the bottom portion of the flat plate against the flat bottom surface of the core.

This ensures that the bottom portion of the plate is perfectly centered, and therefore helps the correct positioning of the fold lines that separate the bottom from the side walls, for subsequent bending and pressure, which allows maintaining a high productive speed.

Preferably, in the machine, the core comprises an ejector device integrated into the flat bottom surface of the core, the ejector device being configured to facilitate removal of the core from the formed box.

Preferably, the linear direction corresponds to the vertical, with the male, the mold, and the inlet and outlet ports being aligned according to the vertical. The inlet and outlet ports are configured so that the boxes exit below the outlet port.

In this preferable option, the machine also comprises a conveyor supported on the chassis, equipped with two horizontal plate guides, which are configured to be one on each side of the plate to be transported from an initial position to its position in the mouth of the plate. entry. The machine further comprises glue injectors arranged perpendicular to the transport direction of the plate, supported on the chassis, and suspended on said guides, and configured to deposit dots or beads of glue on the plate during its transport.

In this preferable option, the at least six side end faces are additionally configured to join some side walls of the box with others, by means of dots or beads of glue previously applied on preselected areas of the plate by the glue injectors, which are preferably configured to be pressurized in use and provided with heating means to heat-melt the glue to be deposited by pressure injection.

This preferred embodiment proposes applying glue by means of a specific technology on the flat plate at a high speed thereof, thanks to the horizontal guidance of the plate and the glue injectors that precisely deposit the glue even if the speed increases.

Linked to the previous horizontal transport of the plate, this arrangement proposes a vertical displacement of the male, which clearly simplifies the extraction of the box formed through the outlet mouth, aided in any case by gravity.

Again, the speed increases since it is not necessary to have an activatable device, associated with a delay time, which must eject the box formed out of the mold cavity, passing through the outlet mouth.

In both operations, application of glue and exit of formed box, the machine is configured to execute them without plate or box stops throughout the production cycle, increasing its speed.

Preferably, the machine comprises two forming stations supported on the same chassis, each one equipped with one of the aforementioned male, mold, conveyor and glue injectors.

Preferably, the machine also comprises a guiding device associated with said mold, provided with two mutually facing box guides. The guiding device is configured to guide the formed boxes through the outlet mouth. The guiding device may or may not be an integral part of the mold. The boxes optionally traverse said outlet mouth in a nested arrangement, one with the other, forming a stack of boxes.

According to a second aspect, to solve the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents a method for the formation of boxes intended to be nested.

The method is carried out by means of a forming machine equipped with a mold with a cavity facing a male linearly movable through the cavity.

Optionally, this method of the second aspect can be executed by the machine of the first aspect of the invention.

In a way known in the state of the art, the method comprises the steps of:

a) moving a core that is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, according to a linear Z direction, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the core with respect to the cavity;

b) pressing by means of said male a bottom portion of a plate positioned on an entrance mouth to the cavity, inserting it into said cavity;

c) applying dots or cords of glue to join some side walls of the box with others, said glue being preferably of the hot melt glue type;

e) after steps b) and c), bend some side walls attached to the bottom portion of the box to be formed by means of the mold in cooperation with four flat lateral sides of the male distributed around the linear direction Z facing each other in pairs and with respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction Z; and

g) evacuating the boxes formed from the cavity, passing through an outlet mouth of the mold aligned in a linear direction Z with the inlet mouth.

Up to this point, the characteristics and elements of the method of the second aspect of the present invention that form part of the state of the art have been described.

According to this second method aspect, the present invention further proposes, in combination, in a way per se not known from the existing state of the art, the steps and characteristics listed below.

The method also comprises the steps of:

h) moving a plurality of mold-forming stops, mutually facing and arranged laterally around the cavity, from a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed in the cavity, to a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity;

l) immobilizing at least six flat side end faces of the shaping stops in the respective stop positions; and

m) press the outside of the box into the cavity.

This outer part includes two opposite side walls of the box and the four corner areas of the box. The pressure is executed, by means of the at least six flat side flange faces in the stop position, against two mutually opposite flat lateral sides of the male and four chamfered corner areas of the male, each corner area including one or more chamfers connecting two contiguous inclined flat lateral sides.

In step m), the at least six flat lateral flange faces have an inclination with respect to the linear direction Z, complementary to the lateral contour of the core that includes the flat lateral sides and the chamfers. At least two of these at least six lateral end faces have a shape and inclination complementary to two opposite flat lateral sides. At least four of the at least six flat side end faces are shaped complementary to the chamfered corner areas of the core.

After step m), the method comprises the additional step of k) moving the shaping stops from their stop position to the retracted position to allow step g) to evacuate boxes without interfering with said boxes with the shaping stops.

The advantages described for the first aspect of the invention also apply to this method of the second aspect of the invention.

Preferably, in step h) of the method, the shaping stops are simultaneously moved from their respective retracted positions to their respective stop positions.

Preferably, during step l), the method comprises the step of applying and maintaining air at a pressure greater than atmospheric in one or more fluid-dynamic cylinders operatively connected to the side flange faces.

Preferably, in the method, the shaping stops execute the additional step of n) bending four lateral fold lines of the box that separate the side walls of four lateral flaps and chamfered faces derived therefrom, by means of four molding edges integrated into the stops. conformers, in cooperation with four male edges located one in each corner area of the male.

Preferably, in the method, step m) comprises pressing essentially all of the surfaces of the two opposite side walls and of the chamfered faces of the box by moving the said side end faces against the flat side sides and all of the the chamfers of the male.

Complementarily, in the method, during step m) and with the core in the inserted position, the additional step of s) comprises maintaining two different lateral separations the four lateral end walls with respect to the flat lateral sides of the core: a first separation in two mutually opposite flat lateral sides associated with the plate thickness, and a second gap on the other two mutually opposite flat lateral sides associated with twice the plate thickness.

Preferably, in said method, during the movement of the shaping stops from the retracted position to the stop position of step h), they move simultaneously and steps l), m), n), and s) are executed.

That is, in this interval the stages of:

l) immobilizing at least six flat side end faces of the shaping stops in the respective stop positions; and

m) pressing the outside of the box towards the inside of the cavity, pressing essentially all of the surfaces of the two opposite side walls and of the chamfered faces of the box;

n) Fold four side fold lines of the box that separate the side walls of four side flaps and chamfered faces derived therefrom;

s) maintain two different lateral separations the four lateral end walls with respect to the flat lateral sides of the male: a first separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides associated with the thickness of the plate, and a second separation on the other two mutually flat lateral sides opposites associated with twice the plate thickness.

In a first option, after step h), and with the forming stops in the stop position and the bottom of the box stopped and the male inserted inside the box in the position of maximum introduction, the method also comprises step t ) of pressing by means of two mutually facing mold presses the outside of the box towards the inside of the cavity against two opposite flat side walls of the core.

Steps m) and t) in combination, effect a continuous side pressing and pressing effect along the entire lateral contour of the core, which includes side walls, side flaps and chamfered faces.

In a second option, before step l), the method comprises step u) of folding at least two mutually opposite side walls by respective fold lines that separate them from the bottom of the plate.

Preferably, during step b), the method comprises the step of q) trapping the bottom portion of the flat plate against the flat bottom surface of the core by means of a retaining device integrated into the flat bottom surface of the core.

Complementary to the previous paragraph, the method additionally comprises the step of r) extracting the core from the formed box, expelling the box by means of an ejector device integrated in the core.

For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the invention will emerge in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention.

The present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein.

The claims referring to said machine have been expressly drawn up so that, in the event of a possible infringement of the present invention, it can be verified whether said machine is in operation or stopped, and although the boxes that are configured to form are not physically located at the time of the inspection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other advantages and characteristics will be more fully understood from the following detailed relationships of exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, which should be taken by way of illustration and not limitation, in which:

Fig. 1 is a top perspective view of a first embodiment of the machine of the present invention, with the male in the position of maximum extraction, the shaping stops in the retracted position, and a flat plate located between the male and the entry mouth on the plate guides, according to an initial stage of the method of the present invention;

Figs. 2 and 3 are respective top perspective views of boxes with eight and twelve side faces, respectively, suitable to be formed by the machine of Fig. 1, where the two side flaps derived from each of the two walls sides are folded outside the box, and where in Fig. 2 the parts of the box have been rendered artificially transparent to show the dots or glue beads applied by the machine;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the plate from which the box of Fig. 3 is formed, and which has glue beads deposited by the forming machine;

Fig. 5 is a top perspective view corresponding to Fig. 1, in which elements have been omitted to show in detail a male with two chamfers in each of its corner areas, and the mold with two forming stops facing each other. pairs and two mutually facing presses;

Fig. 6 is the top perspective view of Fig. 5, but now with the male in the position of maximum insertion and the shaping stops in the stop position, and the presses in the pressing position, according to a later stage of the method of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a bottom perspective view of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a side view of Fig. 5, where a plate is on the conveyor plate guides, positioned between the male and the inlet mouth;

Fig. 9 is a plan view of Fig. 7;

Figs. 10 and 11 are plan views of a core and a mold, respectively, according to a second embodiment of the machine, for forming boxes with eight side faces surrounding the bottom thereof;

Figs. 12, 13 and 14 are respective plan views of a third, fourth and fifth embodiments of the machine of the present invention, to form boxes with eight or twelve side faces;

Fig. 15 is a top perspective view of a sixth embodiment of the machine, with both cores in the position of maximum extraction, and a formed box located in the mold cavity of one of the forming stations;

Fig. 16 is a top perspective view of a forming station of Fig. 15;

Figs. 17 and 18 are respective top perspective views of boxes with eight and twelve side faces, respectively, to be formed by the machine of Figs. 15 and 16, where the two side flaps derived from each of the two side walls are folded inside the box, and where in Fig. 17 the parts of the box have been rendered artificially transparent to show the points o machine applied glue beads;

Fig. 19 is a top perspective view of a symmetrical half of the mold that forms an integral part of the machine of Fig. 15;

Fig. 20 is another top perspective view of Fig. 19, and where the box of Fig. 18 is located in the position of maximum insertion of the male;

Figs. 21 and 22 are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of one of the forming stops as an integral part of the mold of Figs. 15 and 16, and where the box of Fig. 18 has been represented with its transparent faces;

Figs. 23 and 24 are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of one of the forming stops that can form an integral part of the molds of Fig. 15 and 16, according to an alternative embodiment;

Fig. 25 is a bottom perspective view of the tap of Fig. 16;

Fig. 26 is a top perspective view of a seventh embodiment of the machine, where the box of Fig. 17 is represented in the mold cavity;

Figs. 27 and 28 are front and rear top perspective views, respectively, of a symmetrical half of the mold that forms an integral part of the machine of Fig. 26, where the box of Fig. 17 has been represented in the maximum position introduction of the male; and

Figs. 28 and 29 are side views of a symmetrical half of the mold of the machine of Fig. 26 in the bending position and the retracted position of its first and second benders, respectively, where stacks of boxes are shown nested with each other before passing through the outlet mouth.

DETAILED EXHIBITION OF IMPLEMENTATION MODES / EXAMPLES

According to the first aspect of the present invention relating to a machine, the reference 100 designates a machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B).

The boxes (B) of Figs. 2, 3, 17 and 18 are intended to be formed in the machine (100) of the present invention, from plates (P) such as the one shown in Fig. 6 for the formation of the box (B) of Fig. . 3 or 18.

Said boxes (B) have four corner areas that separate two adjacent side walls (PL), each of these areas including one or more chamfered faces (CH) and optionally side wall portions adjacent to the chamfered faces (CH), In this way, the box (B) can have eight or twelve side faces laterally surrounding the bottom (F) of the box (B).

The boxes (B) with eight and twelve side faces can be made of corrugated or compact cardboard and are intended to be nested with each other, since their side walls (PL) form slight inclinations with respect to the direction perpendicular to the bottom ( F) of the box (B), so that the upper open mouth of the same has longitudinal and transverse dimensions greater than those of the bottom (F).

According to the first embodiment of Figs. 1 and 5 to 9, said machine (100) comprises a chassis (1), a mold (50), a male drive, and a male (60).

The mold (50) is supported on the chassis (1) and comprises a cavity (52) aligned with a male (60) in a linear direction (Z) corresponding to the vertical, an entrance mouth (54) of the plate to the cavity (52), and an outlet mouth (55) of the cavity formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the vertical. The outlet mouth (55) is dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth (55).

In Fig. 1, the mold (50) includes means for regulating said cavity (52) to adapt to the length and width of the box (B) in two horizontal directions, longitudinal (X) and transverse (Y), mutually perpendicular. , in an independent way.

Throughout the embodiments, the longitudinal and transverse horizontal directions (X, Y) generally designate two mutually perpendicular linear horizontal directions.

These regulating means include two spindles (2) supported on the chassis (1) aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X) to adapt the cavity (52) according to the direction longitudinal (X), and four flanges (3) supported in pairs on two transverse bars (4) supported on the longitudinal spindles (2), to adapt the cavity according to the transverse direction (Y).

The two spindles (2) are mutually coupled to rotate synchronously by means of pinions (5) and a chain (6). The shaping stops (56) and the rest of the movable elements are supported directly or indirectly on said transverse bars (4) through respective supports (21).

Prior to positioning the plate (P) in its final transport position centered between the male (60) and the cavity (52), it is transported by means of a conveyor.

The conveyor of Fig. 1 is supported on the chassis (1) and equipped with two plate guides (40) configured to be one on each side of the plate (P) to be transported.

The plate (P) is pushed by a conveyor member, such as a push pawl (not shown), from an initial position associated with a magazine of stacked plates (not shown) to its position on the entrance mouth (54).

Some glue injectors (45) arranged perpendicularly to the transport direction of the plate, supported on the chassis (1), and suspended on said guides (40) deposit dots or beads of glue (CC) on the plate (P) during his transport.

The glue injectors (45) deposit points or beads of glue (CC) parallel to each other on predefined areas of the plate (P) during their transport, as indicated in Fig. 4.

Thus, Fig. 4 shows that for the formation of the box (B) of Fig. 3, some glue cords (CC) deposited on each of the four lateral flaps (SL) derived on both sides of two mutually facing side walls (PL).

Figs. 2 and 3 show that the tail cords (CC) of the side flaps (SL) remain substantially parallel to the bottom (F) of the box (B) once it is formed. Alternatively these cords can be substantially perpendicular to the bottom (F) as shown in Fig. 17.

After depositing the glue cords (CC) by means of the glue injectors (45), the plate (P) of Fig. 4 is positioned in the final transport position of Fig. 1.

To aid in the positioning of the plate (P) on the entrance mouth (54) with a high speed, each plate guide (40) has two studs (42) that support, at the bottom of each one, a branch longitudinal (41) aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X) at respective points. Each longitudinal branch (41) is for positioning adjustable according to the transverse direction (Y) by means of two transverse branches (43) joined to the transverse branch (41) and fixed by means of respective locking and unlocking elements to each plug (42), the transverse branches (43) passing through holes of the dowels (42). The locking and unlocking elements can be screws, studs or the like.

The male drive (10) supported on the chassis (1) moves the male (60) guided in the linear direction (Z) towards the insertion position of the male (60) in the cavity (52) of Fig. 6, dragging the plate (P) into the cavity (52) of the mold (50). The tap drive (10) comprises a vertically guided arm movable by an actuator (not shown).

In Fig. 5, the male (60) is connected by a connection bracket (11) to the male drive (10).

The male (60) is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, and comprises four flat lateral sides (62) arranged facing two by two around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to the vertical linear direction (Z). In turn, the four flat lateral sides (62) define four corner areas of the core (60) between two contiguous flat lateral sides (62). The male (60) has a front and a rear side (61, 63) according to the direction of introduction into the mold (50).

Figs. 7 and 8 show that the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (65) integrated into the male (15, 60, 85), configured to press a bottom portion of the flat plate (P) positioned in the mouth. inlet (54) and insert it into the cavity (52).

Fig. 7 shows that the male (60) includes a retainer (76) integrated into the flat bottom surface (65) of the male (60). The retaining device (76) is configured to trap the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the flat bottom surface (65) of the male (60) during said dragging of the plate (P) into the interior. from the cavity (52) of the mold (50).

In Fig. 7, the retaining device (76) is embodied in one or more vacuum suction cups connectable to a vacuum generating device, such as a vacuum pump or a Venturi effect device.

Figs. 1 and 5 through 9 show that the four corner areas of the male (60) are chamfered, each corner area including one or more chamfers (62a) connecting two contiguous inclined flat side sides (62).

The mold (50) further comprises two shaping stops (56), mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

Each of the two shaping stops (56) is movable between the retracted position of Figs. 1, 5 and 9, where the stops are adjacent to the cavity (52), to insert the flat plate (P) to be formed in the cavity (52), and a stop position of Fig. 6, towards the interior of the cavity (52).

Thanks to this mobility, the shaping stops (56) are configured to evacuate the boxes (B) formed from the cavity (52) passing through the outlet mouth (55) without interfering with the shaping stops (56).

The shaping stops (56) comprise fourteen flat side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) movable between said respective retracted and stop positions, and the fourteen flat side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) being configured to be immobilized in the respective stop positions.

Figs. 5-9 show that the mold (50) comprises two forming stops (56) with fourteen side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) in total. Each of the two shaping stops (56) comprises seven lateral end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) configured to press a lateral wall (PL) of the box (B) into the stop position. and two chamfered corner zones with two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two male corner zones (60) chamfered with two chamfers (62a) each.

In each of the two shaping stops (56), the side bearing face designated as C4 presses in use the longest side wall (PL) of the box (B) of Fig. 3, the two side bearing faces (C3 , C2) located on each side of the lateral flange face (C4) press against respective corner areas of the male (60) provided with two chamfers (62a) each, while the two lateral flange faces (C1) press a portion of two opposite side walls (PL) of shorter length of Fig. 3, integral to the corner areas of the box (B).

Each of the fourteen flat side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) has an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z), complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60) that includes the flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a).

The two lateral support faces referenced as C4 have a complementary shape and inclination to two opposite flat lateral sides (62).

The flat side end faces referenced as C2 and C3 have a complementary shape to the chamfers (62a) of the chamfered male corner areas (60).

The other two pairs of lateral flange faces referenced as C1 have a shape and inclination complementary to the other two opposite flat lateral sides (62), in respective portions thereof contiguous to the chamfers (62a), located in correspondence of the areas of male corner (60).

The fourteen side flange faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) are configured so that, in their stop positions and with the male (60) in the maximum insertion position of Fig. 6, press the outside of the box ( B) towards the inside of the cavity (52), this outer part including the four side walls opposed in pairs of the box (B) and the four corner areas of the same, against four flat lateral sides (62) of the male ( 60) mutually opposed in pairs and the eight chamfers (62a) of the four corner zones of the male (60).

The two shaping stops (56) of the mold (50) with seven lateral end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) each have integrated twelve molding edges (A50) in total, six molding edges ( A50) each, and three molding edges (A50) in correspondence with each of the corner areas of the core (60) and of the box (B) to be formed.

The molding edges (A50) have respective inclinations with respect to the vertical linear direction (Z) and complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60) which includes the flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a).

These twelve molding edges (A50) are configured to cooperate with three male edges (A60) located in each corner area of the male (60) to bend lateral fold lines of the side flaps (SL) and the chamfered faces (CH) and of the box (B) located in the corner areas of the same.

The two shaping stops (56) provided with seven side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) each, are configured to move from the retracted position of Figs. 5, 7 and 9 towards the stop position of Fig. 6 simultaneously, by means of stop actuators (36).

Each of the two shaping stops (56) is moved by a respective stop actuator (36) of the type that are movable upon change of a control signal generated by a control unit (not shown).

Specifically, in this first embodiment the stop actuators are pneumatic cylinders whose rods are moved by pressurized air, thanks to an electrical control signal received in a solenoid valve (not shown) that connects the cylinder with the control unit.

The two shaping stops (56) aligned in the horizontal transverse direction (Y) each have a stop member (57a). Each stop member (57a) is attached to the movable rod (36b) of a respective stop pneumatic cylinder (36), each of the rods (36b) being guided by a cylinder guide device (37) that guides each rod (36b). ) movable according to the transverse direction (Y).

The immobilization of the seven lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) in the stop position of each forming stop (56), is carried out by applying air under pressure to one of the two sides of the stem. (36b) movable of the pneumatic cylinder.

Each stop member (57 a) of Figs. 5 to 9 is a cast nylon block in which the seven lateral end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) and the six molding edges (A50) are machined.

The four corner zones including the twelve core edges (A60) and the four flat lateral sides (62) of the core (60) are machined onto another cast nylon block.

At least six of the fourteen lateral mold faces (50) include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coinciding with each of the counter pressure surfaces of two of the flat lateral sides (62) and at least four chamfers (62a) of the male (60), one located in each corner area of male (60), which in turn coincide with the surfaces of the side walls (PL) and eight chamfered faces (CH) of the box (B), two for each male corner area (60).

Following in Figs. 5 to 9, said molding edges (A50) include respective edge portions of essentially coincident lengths with each of the core edges (A60) positioned in the corner areas of the core (60).

With the shaping stops (56) in the stop positions and with the tap (60) in the inserted position of Fig. 6, the six side end walls referenced C1 and C4 are configured to maintain two different lateral separations with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) of the male (60): a first separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with the plate thickness (P), and a second separation on the other two flat lateral sides (62) mutually opposites associated with twice the plate thickness (P).

The mold (50) comprises two mutually facing presses (46), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), and movable between a retracted position of Figs.

5 and 7 towards the outside of the cavity (52), and a pressure position of Fig. 6 towards the inside of the cavity (52).

To form the box (B) of Fig. 3, the presses (46) are moved from the retracted position to the pressure position once the forming stops (56) are in the stop position, as shown in Fig. 6, where it is further illustrated that the presses (46) are dimensioned and positioned to press in the pressure position the outer part of the box (B) on two opposite side walls (PL) against respective flat lateral sides (62) opposing the male (60) with the shaping stops (56) in the stop position.

Each press (46) is attached to a respective movable rod (47b) of a respective pneumatic press cylinder (47) supported on a fixed support (21) of the chassis (1). Each of the rods (47b) is guided by a respective cylinder guide device (37) in the longitudinal direction (X).

The fourteen side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) are configured to join some side walls (PL) of the box (B) with others, by means of dots or glue beads (CC) previously applied on preselected areas of the plate. by the glue injectors (45), and the presses (46) increase the pressure of the side flaps (SL) against the side walls (PL) to reinforce this joint.

Once the presses (46) have pressed, they and the forming stops (56) return, preferably simultaneously, to their respective retracted positions.

Without the lateral pressure of these elements of the mold (50), the core (60) comprises an ejector device (75) integrated in the flat bottom surface (65) of the core (60), which is activated by a signal sent from the control unit to facilitate the extraction of the male (60) from the box (B) formed.

The ejector device (75) shown in Figs. 7 and 8 is one or more pressurized air ejector cups connected to an air pressure generating device.

The second, third, and fourth embodiments of the machine (100) are useful for the formation of the box (B) of Figs. 2 and 18 with eight side faces, where each corner area of said boxes includes a chamfered face.

In these second, third and fourth embodiments, the male (60) of the machine (100) is the one with eight lateral faces of Fig. 10, provided with a chamfer (62a) in each corner area. Each of the shaping stops (56) is movable by means of a respective stop actuator (36), optionally embodied in a pneumatic stop cylinder.

In the second embodiment of the machine (100), the mold (50) comprises four shaping stops (56), each one comprising three of the aforementioned side flange faces (C1, C2, C4), configured to press in the position stop a zone of chamfered corner of the box (B) against a chamfered core (60) corner area that includes one or more chamfers (62a).

Thus, the lateral end faces referenced as C4 are configured to press the larger side walls of the box (B) against two flat lateral sides (62) of the larger and mutually opposite plug (60) of Fig. 10.

The side end faces C1 are configured to press the side walls (PL) of the smaller box (B) against two mutually opposite flat side walls of the smaller plug (62) of Fig. 10.

The four side end faces referenced as C2 are configured to each press a chamfered face of the box (B) against a chamfer (62a) of the tap (60).

Each shaping stop (56) comprises two molding edges (A50), while the core (60) comprises two core edges (A60) in each corner area thereof.

According to the third embodiment of the machine (100) of Fig. 12, the mold (50) comprises four shaping stops (56) with at least one lateral end face (C1, C4) each, positioned laterally around the cavity ( 52), laterally spaced from each other at the corners of the cavity (52) corresponding to the corner areas of the box (B) to be formed, a distance corresponding to the beveled core corner areas (60);

The at least four side support faces (C1, C4) include a molding edge (A50), these being located at the respective lateral ends of the side support faces (C1, C4), delimiting said corner gaps.

In Fig. 12, the mold (50) further comprises four additional shaping stops (56) with an additional lateral end face (C2) each, said additional faces (C2) having a complementary shape to the corner areas of the male ( 60) chamfered, and these four additional shaping stops (56) being positioned to press into the abutment position a respective chamfered core corner area (60).

Thus, the mold (50) has eight shaping stops (56), each provided with a respective stop member (57 a).

In the fourth embodiment of Fig. 13, the two shaping stops (56) each comprise five of the aforementioned side end faces (C1, C2, C4, C2, C1), configured to press in the position of abut a side wall (PL) of the box (B) and two chamfered corner areas with a chamfered face each, against one side flat side (62) and two male corner areas (60) chamfered with a chamfer (62a) each.

Thus, each side nose face (C4, C1) presses against a respective side wall (62) of the core (60), and each side nose face (C2) presses against a respective chamfer (62a). Each of these four side end faces referenced as C2 is configured to cooperate with two core edges (A60) located in the corner area of the eight sidewall core (60) of Fig. 10.

In the fifth embodiment of Fig. 14, useful for shaping the box (B) of Figs. 3 and 18, the mold (50) has two shaping stops (56) each comprising five of the mentioned side support faces (C3, C2, C4, C2, C3), configured to press in the stop position a side wall (PL) of the box (B) and two chamfered corner areas with two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two corner areas of the core (60) with two chamfers (62a) each.

In Fig. 14, each side flange face referenced C2 and C3 presses against a respective chamfer (62a) of the tap (60) of Figs. 1 and 9. Each of these four lateral end faces referenced as C2 and C3 is configured to cooperate with two or three male edges (A60) located in the corner area of the male (60), better shown in Fig. 9 .

According to the sixth embodiment of Figs. 15 and 16, the machine (100) comprises all the elements and characteristics of the first embodiment except for some variations described below.

The machine (100) comprises two forming stations supported on the same chassis (1), each one equipped with one of the aforementioned male (60), mold (50), conveyor and four glue injectors (45).

The mold (50) comprises first and second benders (31, 33) facing each other in pairs, closer to the entrance mouth (54) than the forming stops (56), configured to bend at least two side walls (PL) mutually opposed by respective fold lines that separate them from the bottom (F) of the plate (P), prior to the forming stops (56) pressing the outside of the box (B) into the cavity (52) .

The first and second benders (51, 53) are arranged around the cavity (52) located in correspondence with the envelope or lateral contour of the box (B) to be formed in Fig. 18.

The mold (50) comprises four third benders (51b), each of them located in one of the four corners of the cavity (52) between a contiguous first and second benders (51, 53). The third benders (51b) are configured to fold the side flaps (SL) so that they are on the inside of the box (B) as shown in Fig. 18, and the first (51) and second (53) being configured box benders (B) to fold the box side walls (PL).

The machine (100) comprises a guiding device associated with said mold (50), shown in Figs. 19 and 20, which is provided with four box guides (90) mutually facing each other in pairs, configured to guide the boxes formed through said outlet mouth (55), in a nested arrangement, one with the other, forming a stack of boxes.

In this example, the guide device is associated with the mold (50) in such a way that it forms an integral part of it and each of its guides (90) are fixedly supported with respect to a second bender (53).

In Figs. 16 and 19 to 22, the mold (50) also comprises four shaping stops (56), mutually facing each other in pairs, according to a double axis of symmetry with the horizontal longitudinal and transverse directions (X, Y), and arranged around the cavity (52), each in one of the four corner areas of the cavity (52).

Each of these shaping stops (56) is movable, by activating a stop actuator (36) embodied in a pneumatic cylinder, between a retracted position of Figs. 16 and 19 and 22 adjacent to the cavity (52) where it does not interfere with the box (B) to be formed, and a stop position (not shown).

Each of these shaping stops (56) comprises a stop member (57) comprising a first and a second stop member (57a, 57b).

Figs. 16 and 19 and 22 show that the machine (100) comprises the essentially vertical side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) provided with an inclination integrated in the first and a second stop members (57a, 57b) of the forming stops. (56). This inclination and shape of the side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) correspond to chamfered corners of the boxes (B) to be formed. These side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) are configured to press the outer part of the box (B) in its abutment position in each of said corners against two chamfers (62a) that connect each of said lateral sides. planes (62) of said male (60).

Each first stop member (57a) comprises two side end faces (C3, C4) forming an angle, which defines molding artists (A50) that assist in bending and gluing of the bending line of a chamfered face (CH) of a corner of the box (B).

Each second stop member (57b) comprises two other end faces (C2, C1) forming another angle, which defines some molding artists (A50) that help the bending and gluing of the other bending line of the other chamfered face (CH) from that same corner of the box (B).

Thus, the mold (50) of four shaping stops (56) comprises sixteen side end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4).

The lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) of each stop member (57) do not include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coincident with each of the counter pressure surfaces of two of the flat lateral sides (62) of the male. (60) and eight chamfers (62a), two in each corner area of the male (60), but have smaller dimensions.

Correspondingly, the molding edges (A50) of each stop member (57) do not include respective edge portions of essentially coincident lengths with each of the core edges (A60) positioned in the corner areas of the core (60), but rather they are shorter in length.

In Figs. 16 and 19 to 22, each pneumatic cylinder is configured to linearly move the first stop member (57a) provided with the two side nose faces (C3, C4). This first stop member (57a) is operatively connected to the second stop member (57b) by a screw (22) attached to the first stop member (57b) and a spring (20) that holds the second stop member (57b) in contact against said screw (22) that acts as a cam follower.

As the pneumatic cylinder rod exits, the first stop member (57a) and screw (22) move linearly into the cavity (52), causing the second stop member (57b) to rotate from a retracted position. towards the inside of the cavity (52), leaving the four lateral end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) in their stop position.

As the pneumatic cylinder rod enters, the stop members (57a, 57b) move from the stop position to the retracted position, allowing the boxes (B) formed to pass through the outlet mouth (55) vertically facing the mouth. input (54).

Fig. 25 shows that said male (60) comprises an ejector device (75) embodied in a pneumatic membrane actuator, contained in the plane of the flat bottom surface (65), configured to facilitate extraction of the male (60) of the box (B) formed.

Figs. 23 and 24 show a variant of the sixth embodiment, comprising all the elements and characteristics of the sixth embodiment except for some elements and characteristics of the shaping stops (56).

In this variant, the two side support faces (C3, C4) of the first stop member (57a) are movable by means of a stop actuator (36), and the two side support faces of the second stop member (57b) are moveable by another stopper actuator (36).

The stop actuators (36) are embodied in respective pneumatic cylinders, supported on a support (21) of the chassis (1), and connected, respectively, to the first and second stop members (57a, 57b), to move them by activating the cylinders .

According to the seventh embodiment of Figs. 26 to 30, the machine (100) comprises some variations with respect to the sixth embodiment, and they are described below.

Figs. 39 to 43 show that the first and second benders (51, 53) are movable by means of respective bender actuators (31, 33) embodied in pneumatic cylinders, between a bending position shown in Fig. 29, where they are positioned towards the inside. of the cavity (52) to bend said side walls (PL) attached to the bottom (F) of the box (B), and a retracted position shown in Fig. 30, where they are positioned towards the outside of the cavity (52 ) to extract the male (60) from the mold (50).

In Fig. 30, the plate (P) guided by the plate guides (40) is located on the plate entrance mouth (54) and the male (30) descends according to the vertical linear direction (Z) towards the cavity (52) with the first and second benders (51, 53) in the bending position.

In Fig. 29, the first and second benders (51, 53) are in the retracted position and the male (60) has moved from its position of maximum introduction to its position of maximum extraction, according to a sense of ascent according to the direction linear (Z) vertical.

Figs. 29 and 30 show that the guiding device is configured to support the boxes (B) formed, and its two mutually facing box guides (90) guide the boxes (B) formed through the outlet mouth (55), in an arrangement nested, one with the other, forming a stack of boxes (B).

The second aspect of the invention relates to a method for the formation of boxes (B) intended to be nested.

In a first illustrative embodiment of this second aspect, the method is implemented particularly by the forming machine (100) of the first embodiment of the first aspect of the invention shown in Figs. 1 and 5 to 9, wherein the forming machine (100) is provided with a mold (50) with a cavity (52) facing a core (15) linearly movable through the cavity (52).

First, the method begins with the guided transport of the plate (P) by means of two plate guides from a magazine of stacked plates towards the entrance mouth (54) of the mold (50).

During this transport, hot glue points or beads (CC) are applied by injection under pressure by means of glue injectors (45) aligned according to the transverse direction (Y) perpendicular to the transport direction aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X) and suspended on the conveyor.

The tail points or cords (CC) are those mentioned in the first aspect of the invention with reference to Figs. 3 and 4.

This stage c) of applying glue points or cords (CC) is to join some side walls (PL) of the box (B) with others. Alternatively, the pressure injection glue can be cold, or a combination of hot and cold glue.

The method of this first embodiment comprises the step of a) moving a core (60) essentially having an inverted truncated pyramid shape, according to a linear direction (Z), between a position of maximum extraction of Figs. 1, 5, 7 and 8, where the male (60) is outside the cavity (52), and a position of maximum introduction of Fig. 6, where the male (60) is inside the cavity (52).

During the displacement of the male (60) towards the position of maximum introduction, the method comprises the step of b) pressing by means of the male (60) a bottom portion (F) of a plate (P) positioned on an inlet mouth ( 54) to the cavity (52) shown in Fig. 1, inserting it into said cavity (52) as illustrated in Fig. 6.

After steps b) and c), the method comprises step e) of bending side walls (PL) attached to the bottom portion (F) of the box (B) to be formed by the mold (50) in cooperation with four flat lateral sides (62) of the male (60) distributed around the linear direction Z and with respective inclinations with respect to it, shown in Figs. 5 to 9.

Specifically, this step e) can be performed by the forming stops (56) of the mold (50) of the first machine embodiment (100) shown in Figs. 5 to 9, or alternatively by means of the first and / or second benders (31, 33) of Figs. 26 to 30.

During step b), the method further comprises the step of q) trapping the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the flat bottom surface (65) of the core (60) by means of the retaining device (76 ) integrated into the flat bottom surface (65) of the tap (60) of Figs. 7 and 8, or alternatively by means of the retaining device (76) of Fig. 25.

The aforementioned method also includes the steps of:

h) moving the two forming stops (56) of the mold (50), mutually facing and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), from a retracted position of Figs. 5 to 9, to insert the plate (P) to be formed in the cavity (52), up to a stop position of FIGS. 6 towards the interior of the cavity (52); and

l) immobilizing the fourteen flat side end faces of the shaping stops (56) in the respective stop positions.

During stage l), the method comprises in this example the preferred stage of applying and maintaining air at a pressure higher than atmospheric in one or more pneumatic cylinders operatively connected to the fourteen side flange faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) . The pneumatic cylinders correspond to the stop actuators (36).

Before stage l), the two shaping stops (56) themselves execute stage e) by bending two mutually opposite side walls (PL) by respective fold lines that separate them from the bottom (F) of the plate (P).

Fig. 6 shows that the method further comprises step m) of laterally pressing the outer part of the box (B) into the cavity (52). This outer part includes two opposite side walls of the box (B) and the four corner areas of the same.

The aforementioned pressure of stage m) is carried out by means of the fourteen flat lateral flange faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) in the abutment position against two flat lateral sides (62) of the mutually opposite male (60) and four zones of male corner (60) chamfered. Each corner area of the plug (60) includes two chamfers (62a) connecting two adjoining inclined flat side sides (62), as shown in Fig. 6.

In step m), the at least six flat lateral end faces have an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z), complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60).

The lateral contour of the male (60) includes the flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a). Two of the fourteen lateral flange faces (C4) have a complementary shape and inclination to two opposite flat lateral sides (62), eight of the fourteen flat lateral flange faces (C2, C3) have a complementary shape to the corner areas of the male ( 60) chamfered, with two chamfers (62a) each.

In step h) the shaping stops (56) move simultaneously from their respective retracted positions to their respective stop positions, by means of respective stop actuators (36) movable upon the change of a control signal generated by a control unit ( not shown) of the machine (100).

During stage h), the shaping stops (56) execute the additional stage of n) folding four lateral fold lines (LL) of the box (B) that separate the lateral walls (PL) of four derived lateral flaps (SL) thereof, by means of four molding edges (A50) integrated in the forming stops (56), in cooperation with four male edges (A60) located one in each corner area of the male (60).

In Fig. 6, it is observed that step m) of the method comprises pressing essentially all of the surfaces of the two opposite side walls (PL) and of the chamfered faces of the box (B) by moving said faces lateral flanges against the flat lateral sides (62) and all the chamfers (62) of the core (60).

Following in Fig. 6, it can be seen that during stage m) and with the male (60) in the inserted position, the method comprises the additional stage s) of maintaining two different lateral separations the four lateral end walls with respect to the sides. flat sides (62) of the male (60): a first separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with the plate thickness (P) of Fig. 1, and a second separation on the other two flat lateral sides (62) mutually opposite associated with twice the thickness of the plate (P) of Fig. 1, this double thickness being corresponding with the sum of the thicknesses of the side flaps (SL) and side walls (PL).

At this point, in the method, during the movement of these two shaping stops (56) aligned according to the transverse direction (Y) and provided with seven lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) each one, from the retracted position to the stop position of step h), steps l), m), n), and s) are executed.

That is to say, advantageously, in this method the shaping stops (56) carry out, in a minimum interval of time, a high number of operations, already detailed in the first aspect of the invention.

At this point, all the parts of the box (B) formed, bottom (F), side walls (PL), side flaps (SL) and chamfered faces (CH) in the stop position of the forming stops, in the absence of an optional step t) of pressing.

Fig. 6 illustrates that after step h), and with the shaping stops (56) in the stop position and the bottom (F) of the box (B) stopped and the male (60) inserted inside the box ( B) in the position of maximum introduction, the method also comprises the step t) of pressing by means of two presses (46) of the mold (50) mutually facing the outside of the box (B) towards the inside of the cavity (52) against two opposite flat lateral sides (62) of the male (60).

Alternatively, step t) can also be carried out by the shaping stops (56) by means of the lateral end faces referenced as C1 in Figs. 7, 21 and 23, leaving the presses (46) as optional elements.

At this point in the method, the box is essentially formed, in the absence of the proper drying times for the hot glue applied.

Next, the shaping stops (56) and presses (46) return to their respective retracted positions.

That is, after step m), the method comprises the additional step of k) moving the shaping stops (56) from their stop position of Fig. 6 to the retracted position of Figs. 5 and 7, to allow a later stage g) of evacuation of the boxes (B).

After the aforementioned formation of the box (B), the method additionally comprises the step of r) extracting the male (15) from the box (B) formed, expelling the box (B) by means of an ejector device (75) integrated in the male (15), shown in Figs. 9 and 10.

After step r), the method comprises step g) evacuating the boxes (B) formed from the cavity (52) passing through an outlet mouth (55) of the mold (50) aligned according to the linear direction (Z) with the entrance mouth (54) without interfering the boxes (B) with the shaping stops (56), as shown in Fig. 8, and alternatively Figs. 27 to 30.

Also, after the formation of the box (B), the male (60) moves from the position of maximum introduction of Fig. 6 inside the cavity (52), to the position of maximum extraction of Figs. 1, 5, and 7 out of cavity (52), ready for a next cycle of boxing (B).

The scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims (28)

1.- Machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B) intended to be nested, the machine (100) comprising: - a chassis (1); - a mold (50) supported on the chassis (1), comprising a cavity (52) aligned with a male (60) in a linear direction (Z), a plate entrance mouth (54) to the cavity (52 ), and an outlet mouth (55) of the box formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the linear direction (Z), and the outlet mouth (55) being sized to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52 ) passing through the outlet mouth (55); - A male drive (10) supported on the chassis (1), configured to move the male (60) guided in the linear direction (Z) in opposite directions, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male (60) with respect to to the cavity (52); - said male (60), connected by means of a connection support (11) to the male drive (10), the male (60) having essentially the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, with four flat lateral sides (62) arranged opposite each other. two around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction (Z), the four flat lateral sides (62) defining four corner areas of the male (60), and the male (60) comprising a front side and rear (61, 63) according to the direction of introduction of the male (60) into the mold (50), wherein the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (65) integrated in the male (60) configured to pressing a bottom portion of a flat plate (P) positioned in the inlet mouth (54) and inserting it into the cavity (52); characterized because The four corner zones of the male (60) are chamfered, each corner zone including one or more chamfers (62a) connecting two adjoining inclined flat lateral sides (62); The mold (50) further comprises a plurality of forming stops (56), mutually facing and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each one being movable between a retracted position, adjacent to the cavity (52), to insert the plate (P) flat to be formed in the cavity (52), and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity (52), where the forming stops (56) are configured to evacuate the boxes (B) formed from the cavity (52) passing through the outlet mouth (55) without interfering with the themselves; The shaping stops (56) comprise at least six flat side shoulder faces, movable between said respective retracted and stop positions, and the at least six flat side shoulder faces being configured to be immobilized in the respective stop positions; Each one of the at least six flat side flange faces has an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z), complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60) that includes the flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a), where at least two lateral flange faces have a shape and inclination complementary to two opposite flat lateral sides (62), and at least four of the at least six flat lateral flange faces have a complementary shape to the chamfered corner areas of the male (60); and The at least six flat side flange faces are configured to press the outside of the box (B) into the cavity (52) in their stop positions and with the male (60) in the maximum insertion position. , this outer part including two opposite side walls of the box (B) and the four corner areas of the same, against two flat lateral sides (62) of the mutually opposite male (60) and the four chamfers (62a) of the four male corner areas (60). 2. - The machine (100) according to claim 1, wherein the shaping stops (56) are configured to move from the retracted position towards the stop position simultaneously. 3. - The machine (100) according to claim 2, wherein each of the shaping stops (56) is configured to move by means of one or more respective stop actuators (36). 4. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the shaping stops (56) have integrated at least eight molding edges (A50), with respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction (Z) complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60) including the flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a), these molding edges (A50) being configured to cooperate with respective male edges (A60) located in the corner areas of the male ( 60) 5. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The mold (50) comprises four shaping stops (56) with at least one lateral end face (C1, C4) each, positioned laterally around the cavity (52), laterally spaced from each other at the corners of the cavity (52 ) corresponding with the corner areas of the box (B) to be formed, a corresponding distance with the corner areas of the male (60) chamfered; the at least four lateral support faces include a molding edge (A50), the molding edges (A50) being located at the respective lateral ends of the side supporting faces, delimiting said corner gaps; and The mold (50) further comprises four additional shaping stops (56) with at least one additional lateral flange face (C2, C3) each, said additional faces (C2, C3) having a complementary shape to the corner areas of the male ( 60) chamfered, and these four additional shaping stops (56) being positioned to press into the abutment position a respective chamfered core corner area (60). 6. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mold (50) comprises two shaping stops (56), each comprising five lateral support faces, configured to press in position one side wall (PL) of the box (B) and two corner areas of the box (B) chamfered with one or two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two corner areas of the male (60) chamfered with one or two chamfers (62a) each. 7. - The machine (100) according to claim 6, wherein each of the two shaping stops (56) comprises seven lateral end faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1), configured to press on the stop position a lateral wall (PL) of the box (B) and two chamfered corner areas with two chamfered faces each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two corner areas of the male (60) chamfered with two chamfers (62a) each. 8. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the mold (50) comprises four shaping stops (56), each comprising three of the aforementioned side end faces (C1, C2, C4), configured to press in the abutment position a chamfered corner zone of the box (B) against a chamfered corner zone of the male (60) that includes one or more chamfers (62a). 9. - The machine (100) according to claim 8, wherein each of the shaping stops (56) comprises four lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4), configured to press in the stop position an area of chamfered corner of the box (B) against a chamfered core (60) corner area that includes two chamfers (62a). 10. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the Side end faces and / or molding edges (A50) of the forming stops (56) and the corner areas of the core (60) including the core edges (A60) are machined or fixedly attached on nylon blocks, preferably, cast nylon. 11. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the at least six lateral end faces of the mold (50) include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coinciding with each of the counter pressure surfaces of two of the flat lateral sides (62) of the core (60) and at least four chamfers (62a), one in each corner area of the core (60). 12. - The machine (100) according to claims 4 and 11, wherein said molding edges (A50) include respective edge portions of essentially coincident lengths with each of the male edges (A60) positioned in the corner areas male (60). 13. - The machine (100) according to claim 12, wherein, with the shaping stops (56) in the stop positions and with the male (60) in the inserted position, the four side walls are configured to hold two different lateral separations with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) of the male (60): a first separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with the plate thickness (P), and a second separation on the other two sides mutually opposite flat sides (62) associated with twice the plate thickness (P). 14. - The machine (100) according to claim 13, wherein the mold (50) comprises two mutually facing presses (46), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), and movable between a retracted position towards the outside of the cavity (52) and a pressure position towards the interior of the cavity (52), dimensioned and positioned to press in the pressure position the outer part of the box (B) on two opposite side walls (PL) against respective lateral sides opposing planes (62) of the core (60) with the shaping stops (56) in the stop position. 15. - The machine (100) according to claim 13, where the mold (50) comprises first and / or second benders (31, 33) mutually facing each other in pairs, closer to the entrance mouth (54) than the Forming stops (56), configured to bend at least two mutually opposite side walls (PL) by respective fold lines that separate them from the bottom (F) of the plate (P), prior to the forming stops (56) positioning the all parts of the box (B) in their final folding position. 16. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 15, wherein the male (60) includes a retaining device (76) integrated in the flat bottom surface (65) of the male (60), the retaining device (76) configured to clamp the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the flat bottom surface (65) of the core (60). 17. - The machine (100) according to claim 16, wherein the male (60) comprises an ejector device (75) integrated in the flat bottom surface (65) of the male (60), the ejector device (75) being configured to facilitate the extraction of the male (60) from the box (B) formed. 18. - The machine (100) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein: the linear direction (Z) corresponds to the vertical, leaving the male (60) and the mold (50) aligned according to the vertical, and the entry and exit openings (54, 55) being aligned according to the vertical, configured so that the boxes come out below the outlet mouth (55); and the machine (100) also comprising a conveyor supported on the chassis (1), equipped with two horizontal plate guides (40), configured to be one on each side of the plate to be transported from an initial position to its positioning in the mouth input (54); and some glue injectors (45) arranged perpendicular to the direction of transport of the plate, supported on the chassis (1), and suspended on said guides (40), configured to deposit dots or beads of glue (CC) on the plate (P) during transportation, and the at least six side end faces being configured to join some side walls (PL) of the box (B) with others, by means of glue points or cords (CC) previously applied on preselected areas of the plate by the glue injectors (45 ). 19. - The machine (100) according to claim 18, comprising two training stations supported on the same chassis (1), each equipped with one of the aforementioned male (60), mold (50), conveyor and injectors of tail (45). 20. - Method for the formation of boxes (B) intended to be nested, by means of a forming machine (100) equipped with a mold (50) with a cavity (52) facing a male (60) linearly movable through the cavity (52), the method comprising the steps of: a) displacing a core (60) that is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, according to a linear direction (Z), between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male (60) with respect to the cavity (52); b) pressing by means of said male (60) a bottom portion (F) of a plate (P) positioned on an inlet mouth (54) to the cavity (52), inserting it into said cavity (52); c) applying glue dots or cords (CC) to join some side walls (PL) of the box (B) with others; e) after steps b) and c), bend some side walls (PL) attached to the bottom portion (F) of the box (B) to be formed by means of the mold (50) in cooperation with four flat lateral sides (62) of the male (60) distributed around the linear direction Z and with respective inclinations with respect to it; g) evacuating the boxes (B) formed from the cavity (52) passing through an outlet mouth (55) of the mold (50) aligned in a linear direction (Z) with the inlet mouth (54); characterized in that it also comprises the steps of: h) moving a plurality of forming stops (56) of the mold (50), mutually facing and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), from a retracted position, to insert the plate (P) to be formed in the cavity (52) , up to a stop position towards the interior of the cavity (52); l) immobilizing at least six flat side end faces of the shaping stops (56) in the respective stop positions; and m) pressing the outer part of the box (B) towards the inside of the cavity (52), this outer part including two opposite side walls of the box (B) and the four corner areas of the same, against two lateral sides mutually opposite planes (62) of the male (60) and four chamfered corner areas of the male (60), each corner area including one or more chamfers (62a) connecting two contiguous inclined flat side sides (62), by means of the at minus six flat side end faces in stop position; because in step m), the at least six flat side flange faces have an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z), complementary to the lateral contour of the male (60) that includes the flat lateral sides (62) and the chamfers (62a ), at least two of these at least six lateral support faces have a complementary shape and inclination to two opposite flat lateral sides (62), and at least four of the at least six faces flat side flanges have a complementary shape to the chamfered corner areas of the male (60); and because it comprises, after step m), the additional step of k) moving the shaping stops (56) from their stop position to the retracted position to allow step g) to evacuate boxes (B) without interfering with the boxes. shaping stops (56). 21. - The method according to claim 20, wherein in step h) the shaping stops (56) simultaneously move from their respective retracted positions to their respective stop positions. 22. - The method according to claim 20 or 21, wherein during step h) the shaping stops (56) execute the additional step of n) folding four lateral fold lines (LL) of the box (B) that separate the lateral walls (PL) of four lateral flaps (SL) derived from them, by means of four molding edges (A50) integrated in the shaping stops (56), in cooperation with four male edges (A60) located one in each corner zone male (60). 23. - The method according to any one of claims 20 to 22, wherein step m) comprises pressing essentially all of the surfaces of the two opposite side walls (PL) and of the chamfered faces of the box (B) by means of the movement of the said lateral support faces against the flat lateral sides (62) and all the chamfers (62) of the male (60). 24. - The method according to claim 23, wherein during step m) and with the male (60) in the inserted position, it comprises the additional step s) of maintaining two different lateral separations the four lateral end walls with respect to the sides. flat sides (62) of the male (60): a first separation on two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with the plate thickness (P), and a second separation on the other two mutually opposite flat lateral sides (62) associated with twice the plate thickness (P). 25. - The method according to claims 21, 22, 23 and 24, wherein during the movement of the shaping stops (56) from the retracted position to the stop position of step h), steps l) are executed, m), n), and s). 26. - The method according to claim 25, wherein after step h), and with the shaping stops (56) in the stop position and the bottom (F) of the box (B) stopped and the male (60) inserted inside the box (B) in the position of maximum introduction, it also comprises the step t) of pressing by means of two presses (46) of the mold (50) mutually facing each other the outer part of the box (B) towards the inside of the cavity (52) against two flat lateral sides (62) opposite the male (60). 27. - The method according to any of claims 20 to 26, wherein, during step b), it additionally comprises the step of q) imprisoning the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the bottom surface (65) of the male (60) by means of a retaining device (76) integrated in the flat bottom surface (65) of the male (60). 28. - The method according to claim 27, further comprising the step of r) extracting the male (60) from the box (B) formed, expelling the box (B) by means of an ejector device (75) integrated in the male ( 60).