ES2933250A1 - MACHINE FOR THE FORMATION OF BOXES INTENDED TO BE NESTED AND WITH EDGES LOCATED IN THE UPPER PART OF THE SIDE WALLS AND FOLDED OUTWARDS OF THESE (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B) designed to be nested and with flanges (R) located in the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the same and folded towards the outside of these. The machine (100) comprises a core (15) with inclined flat lateral sides (62), linearly movable by means of a core drive (10) inside a mold (50), and some elements (lateral forming stops (95, 96) and/or retaining elements (93)), movable between retracted and operational positions to evacuate the boxes (B) with flanges (R) from the mold (50) through a box outlet mouth (B) opposite a mouth plate input (P), for the formation of these boxes (B) at a higher speed, even avoiding eventual dragging of glue, due to excess of this or imprecision of the application of the same, due to these high production speeds and the exactingly reduced dimensions of the overlapping portions (A) of these flanges (R),that create potential difficulties for the extraction of the box (B) with the flanges (R) joined by means of tail (CC) of the male (15). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

MACHINE FOR THE FORMATION OF BOXES INTENDED TO BE NESTED AND

WITH EDGES LOCATED ON THE UPPER PART OF THE WALLS

LATERALS OF THE SAME AND FOLDED TO THE OUTSIDE OF THESE

TECHNIQUE SECTOR

The present invention concerns a machine for forming boxes that are intended to be formed and are typically provided with a bottom and four facing side walls two by two surrounding the bottom, and with respective inclinations converging towards it to allow nesting of boxes with others. The aforementioned boxes are equipped with edges located in the upper part of the side walls folded towards the outside of the boxes, and can be open at the top of the tray type to preferably facilitate the subsequent closure of the container by means of a film that seals the open part at the top. .

These boxes have four box corner areas that separate two contiguous side walls, each of these areas being able to include one or more chamfered faces, thus allowing the box to have four, eight or twelve side faces surrounding the bottom of the plate.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND TECHNICAL PROBLEM TO BE RESOLVED

Documents GB1490301A and CA1121199A disclose respective methods and machines for the formation of trays from sheets of paper or cardboard covered with a plastic sheet, comprising a rectangular bottom, four walls facing two by two with a converging inclination towards its bottom, each one connected to one side of the bottom, and reinforcing flaps associated with each corner of the bottom. Each wall is adhered with adhesive to its two adjoining walls by means of said reinforcing flaps. Each side wall has outer rims folded towards the outside of the box, which are joined together to form a continuous peripheral rectangular rim.

Document US2925758A shows a machine for forming containers from metal sheets or similar combinations, where the material, once folded, maintains its folded position. Such a machine is not suitable for the production of cardboard or plastic boxes and trays, since metallic materials have bending memory, and therefore a cardboard and/or plastic material needs to be kept in the folded position for some time until that the adhesive joins parts of the box to others.

For the formation of said trays with external edges, document GB1490301A proposes a male element and a female element or mould, facing each other, between which a plate is initially placed. The male inserts the plate into the mold through an upper mouthpiece to bend some parts of the plate with others. Once the box is formed, it is extracted again through the upper mouth by means of a lifting plate that moves the bottom of the box from a position inserted in the mold to a position elevated on the mold. The mold is configured to introduce and extract boxes only through its upper mouth, since it is a blind bottom mold mounted on a chassis bench. To finish the removal of the box, a device F transports the boxes individually from the elevated position to a lateral position on another conveyor G. These folding and removal operations are complex and slow.

A drawback of GB1490301A and US2925758A is that the number of boxes formed in a period of time is very low, which increases the unit cost of forming said boxes. First, in both cases, after folding the box, you must wait a while with the box inserted into the mold for the adhesive on the walls and edges to dry, and another additional time for the complex removal of the box to be carried out. the mold formed tray. This causes the plate to have a stopping point in the production cycle, stopping the plates fed to said mold and core.

Another drawback of GB1490301A is that the adhesive is obtained by blowing hot air over certain areas of a plate stopped at a position on a conveyor, melting the hot melt coating to join some parts of the plate with others. This causes the plate to have a second stopping point in the production cycle, also stopping all the plates transported to the air heater.

Another drawback of the document GB1490301A is the excessive number of conveyor devices, B, D and F, due to the double stop of each plate in each cycle, which add extra cost, complexity, and excessive space occupied in the plant, which increases the cost formation unit of said boxes.

In order to increase the speed of formation of these trays, the document CA1121199A proposes to position on the mold and under the core a plate with adhesive applied on the reinforcing flaps. The male in its introduction into the mold cavity through the entrance mouth forms the bottom, the side walls and adheres the walls against the reinforcing flaps. After this and during this introduction, the outer flanges are formed sequentially in pairs, by means of upper benders mounted in the core and negative pressure holes made in the core that retain the side walls during the formation of the side walls and during the folding of the outer flanges towards the outside of the box. This folding is done beyond the horizontal, parallel to the bottom of the box, to compensate for the memory of the cardboard. When the core reaches the maximum insertion position, the tray is nested with the previously formed trays formed in a stack through a mold outlet mouth aligned vertically with the core and the entry mouth. This is considered the closest antecedent.

A drawback of the document CA1121199A is that the speed of the forming machine is restricted to the speed with which the tap oscillates between said maximum extraction and insertion positions of its Fig. 3, and precisely the tap must make a long vertical path between the positions of maximum extraction and maximum insertion shown in Fig. 3 to be able to carry out all the operations of folding the box from its flat plate according to the vertical. In addition, the stack of nested boxes is also vertical and is located just below the mold.

First, this long vertical path of the document CA1121199A limits the speed of formation of the boxes, since, with the core inserted into the long vertical cavity of the mold, another plate cannot be positioned between the core and the mold to carry out the next cycle. bending and ejection.

Second, the negative pressure holes support the side walls during the bending of the outer flanges, which is a critical operation with low reliability, even more so considering the several million cycles to which these machines are subjected. Thus, this causes constant production stops of the machine, which reduces its production speed.

Third, the long vertical travel of the core causes the height measurement of the machine to be excessive even for the formation of low boxes, although the width and length measurements of the machine can be relatively small, which leads to problems in transportation and installation of said machine.

Fourth, the CA1121199A machine includes an excessive number of elements, and these are also of considerable size, such as two vertical supports with cam followers connected to respective drive bars, four pinions and four racks, excessively elongated molding cavity, among many others, which add extra cost, complexity, and contribute to said excessive height measurement of the machine, increasing the unit cost of forming said boxes.

It would be desirable to obtain a machine with a higher forming speed for the formation of boxes with flanges located on the upper part of the side walls thereof and bent towards the outside of said boxes, while maintaining or reducing the dimensions of said machine. and the associated costs necessary for the formation of these boxes. This speed is an essential factor in these machines, and can reach values of several thousand or even tens of thousands of boxes formed per hour.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

According to a first aspect, in order to solve the drawbacks set forth in the previous section, the present invention presents a box-forming machine.

The boxes to be formed are typically provided with a bottom and four side walls facing each other, two by two, surrounding the bottom, and with respective inclinations converging towards it to allow the nesting of some boxes with others.

The boxes are equipped with edges located in the upper part of the side walls that are folded towards the outside of the boxes, and can be tray-type open at the top to preferably facilitate the subsequent closure of the container by means of a film that seals the open upper part.

These boxes have four box corner areas that separate two contiguous side walls, each of these areas being able to include one or more chamfered faces, thus allowing the box to have four, eight or twelve side faces surrounding the bottom of the plate.

These boxes are usually made by folding and gluing from a sheet material. Laminar material is understood to mean a corrugated cardboard sheet, a compact cardboard sheet, a corrugated plastic sheet, a compact plastic sheet, a combination of these, and the like, which have weakened fold lines made to facilitate their formation into a box by folding. of parts of the sheet around said weakened lines, but at the same time the sheet having a certain rigidity.

Preferably, the machine is configured for the formation of cardboard boxes. Plastic behaves very differently from cardboard, since they require very different gluing times, which significantly affects the production speed of boxes.

The machine comprises a chassis, a mold, a core drive, and a core.

The mold is supported on the chassis and comprises a cavity aligned with a core in a linear direction Z, a plate entrance mouth to the cavity, and an exit mouth of the box formed from the cavity, aligned according to the linear direction, and the outlet mouth being dimensioned to evacuate the formed boxes from the cavity through the outlet mouth.

The male drive is supported on the chassis, configured to move the male guided according to the aforementioned linear direction Z in opposite directions, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male with respect to the cavity. In the maximum extraction position, the plug is outside said cavity, and in the maximum insertion position, the plug is inside the cavity.

The plug drive can comprise a crank-crank-type mechanism moved by a rotating electric motor, a linear fluid-dynamic cylinder usually equipped with a plunger or piston and a body, a rack-and-pinion type mechanism, or a mechanism comprising a driven spindle. through an actuator, among others.

Throughout the description, the term "linear direction" preferably corresponds to the vertical direction, although the present invention also expressly includes the case where the linear direction corresponds to the horizontal direction.

The plug is connected via a connecting bracket to the plug drive. The plug is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, comprising four flat lateral sides, arranged facing each other two by two, around the connection support forming respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction Z.

These inclinations with respect to the linear direction Z, allow boxes to be formed with inclined side walls with respective inclinations greater than 90 degrees with respect to the bottom so that some boxes can be nested (inserted) inside others. By way of illustration, said angle can be between 92 and 105 degrees, thus forming each of the flat lateral sides of the male an inclination of between 2 and 15 degrees with respect to the linear direction Z.

The four flat lateral sides define four corner areas of the core, and a front and rear side according to the direction of introduction of the core into the mould.

The front side comprises a flat bottom surface integrated into the plug, configured to press a bottom portion of a plate positioned in the inlet mouth into the cavity. It will be understood that the flat bottom surface of the core may be a continuous flat surface, a flat frame, or a plurality of coplanar partial surfaces inscribed within the area defined by the flat bottom surface.

On the rear side is mounted a doubling device comprising: four forming members, arranged around the connection support, facing two by two, each one associated with one of the inclined flat lateral sides, and positioned in use in an outwardly protruding position of the male with respect to a respective flat lateral side for bending towards the outside the aforementioned edges.

Up to this point, the characteristics and elements of the forming machine of the first aspect of the present invention that are part of the state of the art have been described.

According to this first aspect, the present invention also proposes, in combination, in a manner not known per se by the existing state of the art, the elements and characteristics that are listed below.

In the machine, the mold further comprises a plurality of lateral forming stops, mutually facing one another, and arranged laterally around the cavity. Each of the lateral forming stops is movable between a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed into the cavity, and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity, allowing these movable lateral forming stops to evacuate each formed box from the cavity crossing the outlet mouth, without interfering with the lateral forming stops.

Each of the lateral forming stops includes a lateral limiting face, configured to be immobilized in its stop position and located laterally to a forming member in its protruding position, configured to be adjacent to the outer perimeter of the outer flanges at least in the corner areas of the box, and configured to laterally limit the position of the overlapping portions of the rims to be joined together by glue points or beads, located in the corner areas of the box, and previously folded inwards. the outside of the box.

In the present invention, the lateral limiting faces of the lateral forming stops advantageously provide an improved formation of the edges, thanks to precise control in the positioning of the overlapping portions of demandingly reduced dimensions by means of the lateral limitation of the perimeter or outer contour of the edges. in at least the corner areas, this in turn allowing a formation of these boxes at a higher speed, since even eventual dragging of glue is avoided, due to excess of this or imprecision of the application of the same due to these high speeds productive, which create potential difficulties for the extraction of the box with the flanges joined by the tail of the male.

Advantageously, the lateral forming stops are configured so as, during their movement from the stop position to the retracted position, to allow the evacuation of each box formed from the cavity passing through the outlet mouth and not through the plate inlet mouth, causing an increase in the number of boxes produced per time interval.

Starting from this point of the first aspect of the invention, a series of complementary characteristics are described.

Preferably, the mold also comprises a plurality of forming stops, mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity. Each of the forming stops is movable between a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed into the cavity, and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity, allowing the movable forming stops between the stop and retracted positions to evacuate each formed box of the cavity passing through the outlet mouth without interfering with the forming stops.

Each of the optional forming stops includes an upper dolly face configured to be locked in its stop position and positioned inferiorly adjacent a forming member in its protruding position to be adjacent a respective flange fold line connecting one of the outer edges with the upper part of a side wall of the box, and to receive, with the plug in the maximum insertion position, the pressure of the edges previously bent by the forming members.

Among other options detailed below, this invention expressly covers the following possibilities: a mold with two forming stops with an upper anvil face each, a mold with four forming stops with an upper anvil face each, a mold with four forming stops with two upper dolly faces each, a mold with four stops with two upper dolly faces one, a mold with eight forming stops with one dolly wall each, where preferably in any of these options each stop is movable by means of a respective actuator stop.

The aforementioned immobilization confers rigidity to the lateral limiting faces and/or upper anvil faces while they are positioned in the stop positions exerting pressure against the upper bending device of the core. The immobilization can correspond to a mechanical immobilization, for example, the one corresponding to the edges of the thread of a threaded rod or spindle; to immobilization by means of an electrical control and/or power signal associated with an actuator, for example, an engine brake; to immobilization of the axis of rotation of a rotating motor; or to an immobilization of the part movement of a fluid dynamic cylinder in that position associated with the pressure and force of a fluid such as air or oil, among others.

Advantageously, the movable forming stops are configured so that, during their movement from the stop position to the retracted position, they allow the evacuation of each formed box from the cavity through the outlet mouth and not through the plate inlet mouth, causing an increase of the number of boxes produced per time interval.

Also, in the present invention, the bending and pressing operation of the outer flanges is carried out with greater reliability, which avoids productive stoppages and maintains the desirable high speed of formation, compared to the state of the art that uses more critical operations and prone to production failure/stop.

Preferably, the male bending device additionally comprises four other corner forming members, distributed around the connection support, each of them positioned in a corner area of the male sandwiched between two adjoining forming members, and positioned for use in a position protruding towards the outside of the male, one in each corner area of the male.

Additionally, the four preferred corner forming members are configured so that, with the plug positioned in the maximum insertion position, they press the overlapping portions of the flanges from above by contact, the overlapping portions being located in the corner areas of the box and previously folded towards the outside of it.

The four preferred corner forming members are further configured to glue these flanges against each other by pressure in these overlapping portions, by glue dots or beads.

Thus, the present invention proposes, in this preferred option, that, in order to join the outer edges with others in their overlapping areas, it is not enough to simply bend the edges in the non-overlapping areas towards the outer edge so that portions of the outer flanges of the sheet are loosely pressed against each other in the corner overlap areas of the box. But, in addition, it is necessary that the corner forming members of the core bending device are configured, dimensioned and positioned to superiorly press by contact the portion of the upper outer rim located above the portion of the lower rim in the area of overlap of the flanges.

This invention preferably proposes a solution to the difficult formation of the edges thanks to the fact that it is possible to have a prior precise control of the positioning of the edge portions that are part of the overlapping area by means of the forming members, to carry out a subsequent pressing and gluing on the edges. areas of overlap by the cornered forming members.

Also, the fact that the core is in the position of maximum insertion during the mentioned pressure by contact of the preferred cornered forming members contributes to increase the reliability in the formation of the outer rims and, ultimately, to maintain a high speed of production free of frequent productive stoppages.

Preferably, in the machine, the upper counter faces of the forming stops are flat. In one option, they are preferably horizontal planar faces.

Preferably, the lateral forming stops are integrated together with the upper counter faces in the forming stops.

Optionally, the mold additionally comprises two forming stops each provided with an upper anvil face; The mold thus comprising at least four forming stops, facing each other in pairs, each with two lateral limiting faces, one at each lateral end of the stop.

Preferably, in the machine, the mold additionally comprises two forming stops each provided with an upper dolly face. Thus, the total number of forming stops is at least four.

Preferably, the upper counter faces are arranged vertically at two heights: a first height associated with the plate thickness positioned along the ridges in the portions of the ridges where they do not overlap each other, and a second height associated with the twice the thickness of the plate associated with the overlapping portions.

With this double distance, the bending device of the core and the upper counter faces of the forming stops press the edges in the overlapping areas, above and below, by contact, creating a sandwich effect that strengthens the joint by gluing in the overlapping areas. , while providing a solution compatible with a high speed of formation.

Complementarily, in the machine, each forming stop also has a horizontal bending edge adjacent to the upper dolly face, configured to bend around the flange bend line each flange outwards, in cooperation with a respective forming member of the core bending device.

Each horizontal bending edge is configured to be positioned in the stop position adjacent to the flange bend line during the pressure of the lateral counter faces of the forming stops against the outside of the box.

Preferably, the mold also comprises at least four lateral anvil faces, movable between respective retracted positions, adjacent to the cavity, and respective stop positions, towards the inside of the cavity, mutually facing each other, and arranged laterally around the cavity.

Each of the at least four lateral anvil faces is provided with an inclination with respect to the linear direction Z complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides of the core.

The at least four lateral anvil faces, in their stop positions, are configured to press the outer part of the box, this outer part including its corner areas, against the four flat lateral sides of the core towards the inside of the box. cavity, preferably during said contact pressing and gluing of the four cornered forming members.

Thus, advantageously in this preferred option, the lateral and upper anvil faces, in cooperation with the core, advantageously carry out a high number of forming operations to transform the flat plate into a box, in a minimum interval of time, which can be associated to the simultaneous movement of these faces you suffered towards the interior of the cavity, reducing the time necessary with the tap in the maximum insertion position for the formation of the box, all this leading to a productive increase in boxes.

Also advantageously, the aforementioned at least four lateral support faces are configured, sized and positioned to press the outside of the box towards the inside of the cavity, conferring stability and centering on the bottom, side walls and corner areas of the box, during the subsequent joining of the outer edges by contact pressure and gluing of the four preferred corner forming members. This is especially advantageous for overcoming the drawbacks associated with the precise positioning of the edges in the overlapping areas, which are demandingly small in size.

With at least four lateral anvil faces, the machine is capable of forming boxes of different shapes: four, eight or twelve lateral faces surrounding the bottom of the same, with a high number of boxes formed per time interval, since the increasing number of side faces does not appreciably affect the high speed of formation achieved by the present invention.

Preferably, the at least four lateral anvil faces are integrated into the forming stops, and each of the forming stops comprises one to seven lateral anvil faces. This number of lateral support faces depends on:

• the number of side faces of the box to be formed,

• whether or not the box to be formed includes corner areas with one or two chamfers, and • the optional folding of the side flaps attached to some of the side walls by means of molding edges integrated into the forming stops and male edges integrated into the corner areas of the male.

These optional core and molding ridges allow increased forming speed via efficient flap bending which also occurs during movement of the stops from the retracted to the stop position.

Thus, the movable forming stops with the lateral anvil faces integrated therein, are configured so that, during their movement from the retracted position to the stop position, they carry out the following operations:

• positioning of two alternate side walls with respect to the bottom fold lines up to a final forming position in the box,

• their pressure against the respective lateral sides of the core,

• folding and final positioning in the box of two side flaps derived from each one of them,

• shaping of the corner areas of the box, preferably including bending some chamfered faces of the corner areas of the box and pressing them against respective chamfers of the core,

• the bending of the outer flanges, and

• the pressure by contact and sticking of the overlapping portions of the flanges.

This high number of forming operations can be produced by respective simultaneous movements of the forming stops, again contributing to considerably reduce the time required with the core in the maximum insertion position for the formation of the box, thus increasing the number of boxes produced in a certain time interval.

According to one embodiment of the machine, the mold comprises two forming stops, each one of them comprising three of the aforementioned lateral support faces, useful for the formation of boxes with four, eight or twelve lateral faces surrounding the bottom of the same.

One of the three lateral counter faces of each former stop is configured to press a side wall against a respective flat lateral side of the core, and the other two lateral counter faces of each former stop are configured to press respective corner areas of the box against respective corner areas of the male.

In a supplementary embodiment to the previous paragraph, the at least four lateral counter faces of the forming stops include at least four lateral counter faces with a complementary shape to the corner areas of the chamfered boxes.

These at least four lateral anvil faces are configured to press into the stop position chamfered corner areas of the core, which include one or more chamfers, and which connect each of the flat lateral sides of the core.

Additionally, each one of these four lateral anvil faces is configured to cooperate with, preferably, two edges of the core located in the corner zone of the core.

Preferably, the at least four lateral anvil faces of the mold include respective pressure surfaces of essentially coincident dimensions with each of the counter-pressure surfaces of the flat lateral sides of the core.

This helps to position and maintain the side walls of the box in their predefined bent position with the male in the maximum insertion position, and therefore to correctly position the flange bending lines in their predefined position to be able to undertake the subsequent bending of the box. outer flanges reliably and quickly.

Preferably, in the machine, the core includes a retaining device integrated into the flat bottom surface of the core, the retaining device configured to clamp the bottom portion of the flat plate against the flat bottom surface of the core.

In this way, the bottom portion of the plate is perfectly centered, and therefore, it helps the correct positioning of the fold lines of the flange once folded, for its subsequent bending and pressure by contact and by gluing, remembering that the overlapping areas of the aforementioned boxes are extremely small, which complicates the connection between them and requires a precise positioning of the rest of the parts of the sheet to achieve a correct formation of the sheet at high speed.

Preferably, the angled forming members are configured to press against the forming stops in the stop position.

Thus, for contact pressure joining and gluing in the overlapping areas, it is also necessary to exert pressure against the forming stops, providing upper and lower sandwich-type pressure in the overlapping areas of the edges of the box.

According to another embodiment, in the machine, the mold comprises two mutually facing presses, arranged laterally around the cavity, and movable between a position withdrawn towards the outside of the cavity and a position of pressure towards the inside of the cavity.

The presses can be configured to press-bond and glue the side flaps derived from the side walls with other side walls and thus form the side sides of the box.

Preferably, the presses are dimensioned and positioned to press in the pressing position the outer part of the box at two opposite side walls against respective opposite flat side walls of the core with the former stops in the stop position.

Preferably, the mold comprises six lateral anvil faces, movable between respective retracted positions adjacent to the cavity and respective stop positions towards the interior of the cavity, arranged laterally around the cavity, each having an inclination with respect to the linear direction. Z complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides of the core, with the at least six lateral abutment faces in their stop positions configured to press the outer part of the box, this outer part including its corner areas, against the four flat lateral sides of the male towards the inside of the cavity;

being two lateral anvil faces of these six integrated, each one in a respective stop, and the other four lateral anvil faces of these six integrated, each one in a respective mold press,

these four presses facing each other in pairs, and arranged laterally around the cavity, each press being articulated in a respective press articulation with respect to the lateral anvil faces integrated in the forming stops, and

these presses being movable, between a retracted position, towards the outside of the cavity, and a pressure position, towards the interior of the cavity where they are sized and positioned to bend and press the outside of the box into two opposite side walls against respective opposite flat lateral sides of the male.

According to a second aspect of the present invention, to solve the same problem as the first aspect of the invention, that is, to solve the problem of increasing the speed of formation of boxes intended to be nested and with rims located on the upper part of the side walls thereof and folded towards the outside of said boxes, this second aspect presents a machine with alternative characteristics to the machine of the first aspect of the invention, but which shares essential characteristics with that of the first aspect of the invention.

This machine of the second aspect of the invention comprises the chassis, plug drive, and plug as defined in the first aspect of the invention.

This machine of the second aspect of the invention also comprises a mold supported on the chassis, which comprises a cavity aligned with a core according to a linear direction Z, an entrance mouth of the plate to the cavity, and an exit mouth of the formed box. of the cavity, aligned according to the linear direction, and the outlet mouth being dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity through the outlet mouth;

Differently from the state of the art, the machine comprises a plurality of retaining elements, configured to facilitate the extraction of the core from the formed box, mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity.

Each of the retaining elements is movable between a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed into the cavity and allow the formation of the outwardly bent edges, and a retaining position, towards the interior of the cavity, where the retaining elements retaining elements are immobilized and arranged above the edges, to retain them vertically, during the beginning of the movement of the core towards the extracted position.

Said immobilization confers rigidity to the contact regions of the retention elements with the outer edge of the upper box while the tap moves in the extraction direction.

The immobilization may correspond to a mechanical immobilization, for example, that corresponding to the edges of the thread of a threaded rod or spindle; to one immobilization by means of an electrical signal of control and/or power associated to an actuator, for example, an engine brake; to immobilization of the axis of rotation of a rotating motor; or immobilization of the moving part of a fluid dynamic cylinder in that position associated with the pressure and force of a fluid such as air or oil, among others.

Advantageously, the retaining elements are configured so that, during their movement from the stop position to the retracted position, they allow the evacuation of each box formed from the cavity through the outlet mouth and not through the plate inlet mouth, causing an increase in the number of boxes produced per time interval.

In the machine of the second aspect of the present invention, the retaining elements advantageously contribute, identically to the first aspect of the invention, an increase in the speed of formation of the box, despite the demandingly reduced dimensions of the overlapping portions, and despite the eventual dragging of the glue, due to excess of it or imprecision in its application due to these high production speeds, all of this creating potential difficulties for the extraction of the box with the flanges joined by the tail of the core.

Preferably, in the machine, the lateral contour of the core, which includes the flat lateral sides and the corner areas thereof, the lateral contour of the core incorporates vertical notches, one associated with each retaining element, each vertical notch being configured to house at least a portion of a respective retaining element during the displacement of the core towards the extracted position.

Preferably, the retaining elements in the retaining position are additionally arranged above a respective rim fold line connecting one of the outer rims to the top of a side wall of the box.

Thus, advantageously, the retaining elements exert a downward push against the box when the tap moves towards the extracted position, and this push holds the box reliably and robustly in order to increase the speed of box forming, since the push The retention of the retaining elements is also exerted on the side walls of the box, thanks to the fact that they extend beyond the fold lines that separate the side walls from the flanges.

Preferably, the retaining elements are movable in a horizontal direction by means of one or more actuators, preferably pneumatic cylinders.

Optionally, there are four retaining elements and they face each other by couples.

Preferably, the machine is configured to extract each formed box from the core without the core interfering with the retainers, by the retainers being movable between the retained and retracted positions.

Preferably, the mold comprises the forming stops that influence the upper anvil faces of the first aspect of the invention.

Preferably, the core bending device further comprises the four cornered forming members of the first aspect of the invention.

For those skilled in the art, other objects, advantages, and features of the invention will emerge in part from the description and in part from the practice of the invention. The present invention covers all possible combinations of particular and preferred embodiments indicated herein. The claims referring to said machine have been drawn up expressly so that, in the event of a possible infringement of the present invention, it can be verified whether said machine is running or stopped, and even if the boxes that are configured to form are not physically present at the time of the inspection.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The foregoing and other advantages and characteristics will be more fully understood from the following detailed lists of embodiment examples with reference to the attached drawings, which should be taken for illustrative and non-limiting purposes, in which:

the Figs. 1, 2, and 3 are respective top perspective views of boxes suitable for being formed by the machine of the present invention, where the two side flaps derived from each of the two side walls are folded on the outside of the box, which they have ridges located at the top of the side walls bent outwards, and where in Figs. 2 and 3 the parts of the box have been rendered artificially transparent to show the glue beads applied by the machine;

Fig. 4 is a plan view of a sheet that has glue beads deposited by the forming machine of the present invention for its later formation in the box of Fig. 3;

the Figs. 5 and 6 are top perspective and plan views, respectively, of the core and core bending device of the first embodiment of the machine of the present invention;

the Figs. 7 to 9 are respective plan views of the core and core bending device according to three alternative embodiments;

the Figs. 10, 12 and 13 are top, bottom, and plan perspective views, respectively, of a machine mold of the first and second aspects of the present invention with the forming stops in the stop position;

Fig. 11 is the detail view V indicated in Fig. 10;

Fig. 14 is a plan view of the mold of Fig. 13, where both the four forming stops and the presses are in their retracted positions, and where the upper counter faces and the forming stops are aligned with the longitudinal direction X have been omitted;

Fig. 15 is a plan view of the mold of Fig. 14, where both the stops and the presses are in their stop and/or pressure positions;

the Figs. 16 and 17 are top and bottom perspective views, respectively, of the first embodiment of the machine of the first and second aspects of the invention, with the core in the inserted position, and the forming stops and lateral forming stops in the stop position. , and the retaining elements in a retracted position, and a newly formed box like the one in Fig. 3 arranged in the core and the mold;

Fig. 18 is the view of Fig. 16, now with the plug in a partially inserted position moving towards an extracted position, and the retaining elements in a retaining position, and a newly formed box like that of Fig. 3 arranged in the core and the mold;

Fig. 19 is a top perspective view of a second embodiment of the machine of the present invention, with a core with two chamfers in each of its corner areas, the core bending device, and the mold with four forming stops faced by pairs and two mutually facing presses;

Fig. 20 is a bottom perspective view of the core and core bending device of Fig. 19;

Fig. 21 is a top perspective view of a third embodiment of the machine, where the mold thereof is shown, suitable for forming boxes with four side walls without chamfered corners like the one shown in Fig. 3;

Fig. 22 is the plan view of Fig. 21;

Fig. 23 is a view of the core and its bending device, and of two mutually facing forming stops that also form part of the mold of the third embodiment, and also of a fourth embodiment, of the machine;

Fig. 24 is a plan view of the mold of the third embodiment of the machine, where the former stops, lateral former stops and the presses are in their retracted positions; and

Fig. 25 is the view of Fig. 24, now with forming stops, lateral forming stops and the presses are in their stop and/or pressure positions.

DETAILED EXPOSURE OF PERFORMANCE MODES / EXAMPLES

According to the first aspect of the present invention relating to a machine, the reference 100 designates a machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B), according to the first embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and 10 to 18.

The Figs. 1 to 3 show boxes (B) of different shapes intended to be formed in the machine (100) of the present invention, from a sheet (P), such as the one shown in Fig. 4 for the box. (B) of Fig. 3.

These boxes (B) are designed to be nested one with the other, since their side walls (PL) form slight inclinations with respect to the direction perpendicular to the bottom (F) of the box (B), so that the upper mouth The open one of them has longitudinal and transverse dimensions greater than those of the bottom (F).

Said boxes (B) are equipped with four ridges (R) that start from the upper part of each of the four side walls (PL) and are bent towards the outside of the box (B).

The edges (R) of the figures are flat and horizontal, forming a flat frame with a continuous and peripheral edge in the upper part of the side walls (PL) and parallel to the bottom plane of the box (B), facilitating later operation. superior sealing by means of a film usually made of a plastic compound.

Said machine (100) comprises a chassis, a mold (50), a core drive (10), and a core (15), according to which the machine (100) forms the boxes (B) of Fig. 3 from the plate of Fig.4.

The mold (50) is supported on the chassis and comprises a cavity (52) aligned with a core (15) according to the linear direction (Z) corresponding to the vertical, a plate entrance mouth to the cavity (52), and an exit mouth of the box formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the vertical. The outlet mouth is dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth.

In the example of Figs. 10 and 12, the mold (50) includes means for regulating said cavity (52) to adapt to the length and width of the box (B) according to two directions, longitudinal (X) and transversal (Y), independently.

Throughout the embodiments, longitudinal and transverse horizontal directions (X, Y) generally designate two mutually perpendicular linear horizontal directions.

Some lateral shaping stops (95, 96), some shaping stops (56), some retention elements (93), and the rest of the movable elements are directly or indirectly supported on respective supports (21) of the mold (50), as well as fixed elements such as benders (51).

Prior to positioning the plate (P) in its final transport position centered between the core (15) and the cavity (52), it is transported by means of a conveyor equipped with two plate guides and pushed by a conveyor member from a position associated with a store of stacked plates (not shown), up to said final position, passing under a plurality of glue injectors that are supported on the chassis and suspended on the conveyor.

The glue injectors deposit dots or beads of glue (CC) parallel to each other on predefined areas of the plate (P), such as those indicated in Fig. 4.

Thus, Fig. 4 shows that for the formation of the box (B) of Fig. 3, glue beads (CC) are necessary deposited on each of the four lateral flaps (SL) derived from both sides of two side walls (PL) facing each other.

Said tail chords (CC) of the side flaps (SL) remain parallel to the bottom plane (F) of the box (B) even once it is formed, as can be deduced from Figs. 1 to 4.

At least one of these glue points or beads (CC) extends over a chamfered face (CH) of the future corner area (A) of the box (B) to glue the reinforcing flaps (SR) that arise from both sides of the ridges (R) of the other two side walls (PL).

Dots or beads of glue (CC) deposited on four portions of the rims (R) are also necessary to glue some rims (R) with others in the overlapping areas (A).

After depositing the glue beads (CC) by means of the glue injectors (45), the plate (P) is positioned in the final transport position of Fig. 1.

The core drive (10) supported on the chassis moves the core (15) guided according to the linear direction (Z) towards the insertion position of the core (15) in the cavity (52), dragging the plate (P) inside of the cavity (52) of the mold (50). The male drive (10) comprises an arm moved by a motor unit (not shown).

Said male (15) is connected by means of a connection support (11) to the male drive (10). The plug (15) is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, and comprises four flat lateral sides (62) arranged facing each other two by two around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to the vertical linear direction (Z), defining the four flat lateral sides (62), four corner areas of the plug (15) between two adjacent flat lateral sides (62), and a front and rear side (61, 63) according to the direction of insertion of the plug (15) into the mold (50),

The Figs. 5 and 17 show that the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (65) integrated in the plug (15, 60, 85) configured to press a bottom portion of a plate positioned in the inlet mouth and introduce it into the cavity (52).

On the rear side (63) is mounted a male bending device comprising four forming members (64a), arranged around the connection support (11), facing two by two, each one associated with one of the flat lateral sides (62). ) inclined, and positioned in use in a protruding position towards the outside of the male (15) with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) to bend the aforementioned ridges (R) outwards.

The male bending device further comprises four cornered forming members (64b), distributed around the connection support (11), each of them positioned in a corner area of the male (15) sandwiched between two forming members (64a). adjacent, and positioned in use in a protruding position towards the outside of the plug (15) in the corner area thereof.

The Figs. 5, 6 and 16 to 18 show that the male bending device comprises some recovery elements, for example, springs (74), at least one for each forming member (64) and/or cornered forming member (64b), which tilt around a respective articulation (73) in the absence or presence of pressure on said forming members (64a, 64b), the pressure and/or position of by the forming members (64a, 64b) for the formation of the ridges (R) can be adjusted by means of an adjustment device (75) comprising a stop and mounted at the rear (63) of the core (15), and preferably configured to individually adjust the pressure of each of the forming members (64a) and/or cornered forming members (64b).

In the male bending device of the first machine embodiment (100) of Figs.

5 and 6, two of the forming members (64a) have at both of their ends corresponding extensions with the four cornered forming members (64b), in the shape of a bar, rod or the like.

The Figs. 7 to 9 show alternative embodiments of the male bending device, which comprises eight forming members (64a, 64b) materialized in respective eight individual pieces screwed by two respective screws (not referenced) each one to a male core made of cast nylon provided with the mentioned four side walls (62), which delimit four corner areas of the core (15) that include two chamfers (62) each, forming a core (15) equipped with twelve inclined faces in correspondence with the interior shape of the side walls (PL) and chamfered faces (CH) of the box (B) to be formed in Fig. 5.

Fig. 7 shows a first alternative embodiment of the core bending device, where the four forming members (64a) are embodied in a single piece, while the four cornered forming members (64b) are embodied in respective individual pieces.

Fig. 8 shows a second alternative embodiment of the core bending device, where two of the forming members (64a) have at both of their longitudinal ends corresponding extensions with the cornered forming members (64b). In an alternative option not shown in the figures, the four cornered forming members may arise one from one end of each of the four forming members (64a).

Fig. 9 shows a third alternative embodiment of the male bending device, where all of the forming members (64) and cornered forming members (64b) are integrated in a single piece.

Alternatively, the forming members of the core bending device may be machined on the same male core that integrates the flat side walls.

Fig. 23 shows the core (15) and core bending device of the third embodiment of the machine (100) of the present invention, now mounted on the rear side (63) of a core with four flat lateral sides (62 ) without chamfers (62) in the corner areas of the core (15), configured for the formation of boxes (B) with four side walls (PL) as shown in Fig. 1.

Continuing on the first embodiment of the machine (100), Figs. 10 to 15 show that the mold (50) further comprises four forming stops (56), mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

Each forming stop (56) is movable between a retracted position of Fig. 14, to insert the sheet to be formed into the cavity (52), and a stop position of Figs. 15 and 10 to 13, towards the interior of the cavity (52), allowing the forming stops (56) movable between the stop and retracted positions to evacuate each box formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth without interfering with the forming stops (56).

Each of the forming stops (56) includes an upper anvil face (58, 59) that is flat and horizontal, configured so that, in its stop position in Figs. 15 and 10 to 13, be immobilized and located inferiorly adjacent to a forming member (64) in its protruding position, configured to be adjacent to a respective flange fold line (LR) that connects one of the outer flanges (R) with the upper part of a side wall (PL) of the box (B) of Fig. 3, and configured to receive, with the male (15) in the maximum insertion position of Fig. 16, the pressure of the flanges ( R) previously bent by the forming members (64a).

Continuing on the first embodiment of the machine (100), Figs. 10 to 15 show that the mold (50) further comprises a plurality of lateral forming stops (95, 96), mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each one being movable between the retracted position of Fig. 14 , to insert the plate to be formed in the cavity (52), and a stop position of Figs. 15 and 10 to 13, towards the interior of the cavity (52), allowing the lateral forming stops (95, 96) movable between the stop and retracted positions to evacuate each box formed from the cavity (52) passing through the outlet mouth without interfere with the lateral forming stops (95, 96).

In Figs. 10 to 18, each of the lateral forming stops (95, 96) includes a lateral limiting face, configured so that, in its stop position of Figs. 15 and 10 to 13, be immobilized and located laterally to a forming member (64) in its protruding position, configured to be adjacent to the outer perimeter of the flanges (R) exterior at least in the corner areas of the box (B).

Each lateral limiting face of the lateral forming stops (95, 96) is configured to laterally limit the position of the overlapping portions (A) of the flanges (R) to be joined together by glue points or cords (CC), located in the corner areas of the box (B), and previously folded towards the outside of the box (B), as shown in detail in Figs. 16 and 18.

In the first embodiment, the lateral forming stops (95, 96) are integrated together with the upper anvil faces (58, 59) in the forming stops (56), and each of the forming stops (56) has two lateral limiting faces. , one at each lateral end of the forming stop (56).

Continuing in Fig. 10, each forming stop (56) also has a horizontal bending edge (AH) integrated adjacent to the upper counter-socket face (58, 59), and located between two lateral forming stops (95, 96) with a face lateral limiter each.

This bending edge (AH) of each forming stop (56) is configured to bend each flange (R) outward around the rim bending line (LR), in cooperation with a respective forming member of the male bending device. .

This bending edge (AH) of each forming stop (56) is configured to be positioned in the stop position adjacent to the rim bending line (LR) during the pressure of the lateral anvil faces of the forming stops (56) against the outside of the box (B).

Fig. 11 shows in detail that the upper support faces (58, 59) are arranged vertically at two heights. A first height is associated with the plate thickness (P) positioned along the ridges (R) in the portions of the ridges (R) where these do not overlap each other, and a second height is associated with twice the plate thickness (P) associated with the overlapping portions (A).

Continuing in Fig. 16, with the male (15) positioned in the maximum insertion position, the four cornered forming members (64b) are configured to press upperly by contact some overlapping portions (A) of the mentioned edges (R ) folded outwards and located in the corner areas of the box (B). By upper pressing at each corner area, the upper flange portion (R) presses downwardly against the upper face of the lower flange portion (R) at the overlapping portion (A). During this pressure the four cornered forming members (64b) are additionally configured to glue some ridges (R) against each other by pressure in these overlapping portions (A), together with the points or beads glue (CC) previously deposited by glue injectors (45).

This mold (50) also comprises at least four lateral support faces, movable between a retracted position adjacent to the cavity (52) and a stop position towards the inside of the cavity (52), mutually facing each other in pairs, arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

Each of the four lateral anvil faces has a vertical inclination complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15), the at least four lateral anvil faces being in their stop positions in Fig. 10 to 13 configured to press the outer part of the box (B), this outer part including the corner areas thereof, against the four flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15) towards the inside of the cavity (52) , during the mentioned pressing by contact and gluing of the four cornered forming members (64b), illustrated in Fig. 16.

In Figs. 10 to 15, the mold (50) has a total of twelve supporting faces (C1, C2, C3, C4). Two of the four forming stops (56) each comprise seven lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1), configured to press a side wall (PL) in the stop position. of the box (B) and two chamfered corner zones with two chamfered faces (CH) each, against a flat lateral side (62) and two chamfered corner zones of the male (15) with two chamfers (62a) each.

The lateral support face designated as C4 presses in use the longest side wall (PL) in the figures, the two lateral support faces (C3, C2) located on each side press against the respective corner areas of the core (15) provided with two chamfers (62a) each, while the two lateral support faces (C1) press the shorter side wall (PL) in the figures.

The Figs. 10 to 15 show that the side counter faces are additionally integrated together with the upper counter faces (58, 59) in two of the four forming stops (56).

Continuing in Figs. 10 to 15, ten of the twelve lateral anvil faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) of the mold (50) include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coinciding with each of the counter-pressure surfaces of the sides. flat sides (62) of the male (15). The lateral support faces of the aforementioned dimensions correspond to the lateral support faces designated as C2, C3 and C4.

The Figs. 9 and 10 show that the plug (15) includes a retaining device (76) integrated into the flat bottom surface (65) of the plug (15). The retaining device (76) is configured to imprison the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the flat bottom surface (65) of the plug (15), and is materialized in one or more vacuum suction cups connectable to a vacuum source, such as a vacuum pump or a Venturi effect device.

Turning to Fig. 16, it is shown that the cornered forming members (64b) are configured to press against the forming stops (56) in the stop position.

Two of the forming stops (56) mutually facing each other according to the longitudinal direction (X) have a flat and horizontal upper anvil face (58) and the other two forming stops (56) mutually facing each other according to the transversal direction (Y) have an anvil face top (58) flat and horizontal.

Along the two alternating ridges (R), mutually parallel, and aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X) in Fig. 10, a first distance is associated with the thickness of the plate (P) positioned along the ridges. (R) in the portions of the ridges (R) where they do not overlap each other.

Along the other two alternate ridges (R), mutually parallel, and aligned according to the transversal direction (Y) of Fig. 10, a second distance is associated with twice the thickness of the plate (P) associated with the portions overlap (A).

Furthermore, in Figs. 10 to 15, and especially shown in Fig. 11, the upper abutment faces (58) of the forming stops (56) aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X) are leveled at a different level, upper or lower, with respect to the faces upper dollies (59) of the forming stops (56) aligned according to the transverse direction (Y).

In the first and fourth embodiments of the machine (100) of Figs. 13 and 25, respectively, the mold (50) comprises six lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4), movable between respective retracted positions adjacent to the cavity (52) and respective stop positions towards the interior of the cavity ( 52), arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

Each of these lateral anvil faces (C1, C2, C3, C4) has an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z) complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15).

The at least six lateral anvil faces (C1, C4), in their stop positions, are configured to press the outer part of the box (B), this outer part including its corner areas, against the four lateral sides. planes (62) of the male (15) towards the interior of the cavity (52).

Two lateral support faces (C4) of these six, each one integrated in a respective stop (56), and the other four lateral support faces (C1) of these six are each integrated in a respective press (46) of the mold ( fifty).

These four presses (46) face each other in pairs, and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each press (46) being articulated in a respective press articulation (48) with respect to the lateral anvil faces (C4) integrated in the forming stops (56).

These presses (46) are movable, between a retracted position of Figs. 14 and 24, towards the outside of the cavity (52), and a pressing position of Figs. 13 and 25, towards the interior of the cavity (52), where they are dimensioned and positioned to bend and press the outer part of the box (B) into two opposite side walls (PL) against respective opposite flat side sides (62). from the male (15, 60, 80).

In Figs. 13 to 15 of the first embodiment, and in Figs. 24 and 25 of the fourth embodiment, these presses (46) are movable with respect to the respective joints (48) by means of respective press actuators, materialized in press pneumatic cylinders (47). The press pneumatic cylinders (47) are supported in a press support (23) in a movable part of the stop actuator of each movable former stop (56), corresponding to the rod (36b) of the stop pneumatic cylinder actuator (36).

On its body side, each press pneumatic cylinder (47) is articulatedly supported on a press support (23) by means of a vertical auxiliary articulation (49a). On the side of its rod (47b), each press pneumatic cylinder (47) is articulated to a respective press (46) thanks to a respective vertical secondary articulation (49).

In Figs. 13, 15 and 25, the immobilization of each lateral anvil face (C4) of each former stop (56) in the stop position, is thanks to the application of pressurized air on one of the two sides of the movable stem (36b). of a pneumatic cylinder, configured for this purpose.

Similarly, in Fig. 13, 15 and 25, the immobilization of each lateral abutment face (C1) of each press (46) in the pressure position, is thanks to the application of pressurized air on one of the two sides of the movable rod (47b) of the pneumatic press cylinder (47), configured for this purpose.

In the second embodiment of the machine (100) of Figs. 19 and 20 it comprises all the characteristics described for the first embodiment, except for the configuration of the presses (46). Thus, the mold (50) of this second embodiment comprises two mutually facing presses (46), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), and movable between a retracted position of Fig. 19 towards the outside of the cavity (52), and a pressed position (not shown) towards the inside of the cavity (52).

For the formation of the box of Fig. 3, the presses (46) of Fig. 19 are moved from the retracted position to the pressing position once the forming stops (56) are in the stop position, wherein the presses (46) are dimensioned and positioned to press in the pressing position the outer part of the box (B) on two opposite side walls (PL) against respective opposite flat side walls (62) of the core (15) with the forming stops (56) in the stop position.

Each press (46) is attached to the movable rod (47b) of a respective press pneumatic cylinder (47) supported on a fixed support (21) of the chassis. Each of the rods (47b) guided by a respective cylinder guide device (37) according to the longitudinal direction (X).

The two forming stops (56) aligned according to the longitudinal direction (X) have an upper anvil face (58) but lack lateral anvil faces (C1, C2, C3, C4). Each upper dolly face (58) is attached to the movable rod (36b) of a stop pneumatic cylinder (36), each of the rods (36b) being guided by a cylinder guide device (37) that guides each rod (36b) movable according to the longitudinal direction (X). This cylinder guide device (37) is particularly embodied in a linear guide supported on the support (21) next to the stop pneumatic cylinder (36), and a linear slider (38) coupled to the linear guide (37), which is attached in turn to the rod (36b).

The two forming stops (56) aligned along the transverse direction (Y) each have a stop member. Each stop member is attached to the movable rod (36b) of a respective stop pneumatic cylinder (36), each of the rods (36b) being guided by a cylinder guide device (37) materialized in two linear rods that guide each rod (36b) movable according to the transverse direction (Y).

Each one of these stop members is the aforementioned block of cast nylon that has the aforementioned seven lateral support faces machined (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) referenced in Fig. 19. The stop member comprises in addition a plate in the upper part screwed to the nylon block of the stop member. The plate integrates the horizontal bending edge (AH) and two inclined horizontal edges (AI), one at each distal end of the bending artist (AH).

The immobilization of the seven lateral anvil faces (C1, C2, C3, C4, C3, C2, C1) in the stop position of each forming stop (56), is carried out by applying pressurized air on one of the two sides of the stem. (36b) moveable from the pneumatic cylinder.

The third and fourth embodiments of the machine (100) are useful for the formation of the box (B) of Fig. 3, where each corner zone of said boxes includes lateral portions of two adjacent side walls (PL) that they define it.

In these third and fourth embodiments, the male (15) of the machine (100) can correspond to the male (15) of Fig. 23, and each one of the forming stops is movable by means of a respective stop actuator, which can be materialized in a stop pneumatic cylinder (36).

According to the third embodiment of the machine (100) of Figs. 21 and 22, the mold (50) comprises two forming stops (56) each provided with an essentially U-shaped stop member, mutually facing each other according to the transversal direction (Y), each of them comprising three of the aforementioned abutment faces. laterals (C1, C4, C1), with one of the three lateral anvil faces referenced as C4 of each forming stop (56) configured to press a lateral wall (PL) against a respective flat lateral side (62) of the core (15) shown in Fig. 15, and the other two lateral anvil faces of each forming stop (56) referenced as C1 configured to press respective corner areas of the box (B) of Figs. 3 and 25 against respective corner areas of said core (15) of Fig. 15 lacking chamfers in its corner areas.

In the fourth embodiment of the machine (100) of Figs. 24 and 25 this comprises all the characteristics described for the first embodiment, including the presses (46) are articulated as in the first embodiment of the machine (100); however, it differs in the configuration of the lateral anvil faces (C1, C4) to form the essentially rectangular box (B) without chamfers of Fig. 3.

According to the second aspect of the present invention relating to an alternative machine to solve the same technical problem, the reference 100 also designates this machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B), according to the first embodiment shown in Figs. 5 and 6, and 10 to 18.

The Figs. 5 and 6, and 10 to 18 show that the machine is designed and configured for the formation of nestable boxes (B) and with flanges (R) located in the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the same folded towards the outside. of these, preferably from cardboard sheets.

The machine (100) of this second aspect of the invention comprises a chassis, a mold (50), a core drive (10), a core (15) that is essentially in the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, and retaining elements (93 ).

The mold (50), supported on the chassis, comprises a cavity (52) aligned with a core (15) according to a linear direction (Z), a plate input mouth to the cavity (52), and an output mouth. of the box formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the linear direction (Z), and the outlet mouth being dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth.

The male drive (10), supported on the chassis, is configured to move the male (15) guided according to the linear direction (Z) in opposite directions, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male (15) with respect to the cavity (52).

The core drive (10) supported on the chassis moves the core (15) guided according to the linear direction (Z) towards the insertion position of the core (15) in the cavity (52), dragging the plate (P) inside of the cavity (52) of the mold (50). The male drive (10) comprises an arm moved by a motor unit (not shown).

Said male (15) is connected by means of a connection support (11) to the male drive (10), and comprises four flat lateral sides (62) arranged facing each other two by two around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to each other. to the vertical linear direction (Z), defining the four flat lateral sides (62), four corner areas of the core (15) between two contiguous flat lateral sides (62), and a front and rear side (61, 63) according to the direction of introduction of the core (15) in the mold (50),

The Figs. 5 and 17 show that the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (65) integrated in the plug (15, 60, 85) configured to press a bottom portion of a plate positioned in the inlet mouth and introduce it into the cavity (52).

On the rear side (63) is mounted a male bending device comprising four forming members (64a), arranged around the connection support (11), facing two by two, each one associated with one of the flat lateral sides (62). ) inclined, and positioned in use in a protruding position towards the outside of the male (15) with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) to bend the aforementioned ridges (R) outwards.

The Figs. 10 to 13 and 16 to 18 show that the machine (100) comprises four retaining elements (93), configured to facilitate the extraction of the core (15) from the box (B) formed, mutually facing each other in pairs and arranged laterally around the cavity (52).

The retaining elements (93) are linearly and horizontally movable, by means of one or more actuators (92), materialized in pneumatic cylinders, between the retracted position of Figs. 10, 13 and 16, to insert the plate to be formed in the cavity (52) and allow the formation of the edges (R) bent outwards, and the retention position of Fig. 18, towards the interior of the cavity (52).

In the retention position of Fig. 18, the retaining elements (93) remain immobilized and arranged above the flanges (R), to retain them vertically, during the beginning of the movement of the core (15) towards the extracted position.

Also in this retaining position of Fig. 18, the retaining elements (93) are additionally arranged above a respective rim fold line (LR) that connects one of the outer rims (R) with the top of a side wall (PL) of the box (B).

Following in Figs. 5, 6, and 16 to 18, these show that the lateral contour of the core (15) incorporates vertical grommets (62c), one associated with each retaining element (93), each vertical grommet (62c) configured to house at least a portion of a respective retaining element (93) during the displacement of the core (15) towards the extracted position.

In these figures, the vertical notches (62c) are arranged on the flat lateral sides (62) included in the lateral contour of the male (15).

In these figures, the vertical eat-ins (62c) are executed by means of an emptying operation. Alternatively, the vertical notches (62c) can be formed by joining some pieces to each other in the male (15), among other options.

In Figs. 16 and 18 it can be seen that the machine (100) is thus configured to extract each box (B) formed from the core (15) without the core (15) interfering with the retaining elements (93) by means of the retaining elements (93) movable between the retention and retracted positions.

The scope of the present invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims (22)

1.- Machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B), designed to be nested and with flanges (R) located in the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the same folded towards the outside of these, comprising the machine (100): - a chassis; - a mold (50) supported on the chassis, comprising a cavity (52) aligned with a core (15) according to a linear direction (Z), a mouthpiece for the plate to enter the cavity (52), and a mouthpiece for outlet of the box formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the linear direction (Z), and the outlet mouth being dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth; - a male drive (10) supported on the chassis, configured to move the male (15) guided according to the linear direction (Z) in opposite directions, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male (15) with respect to the cavity (52); - the aforementioned plug (15), connected by means of a connection support (11) to the plug drive (10), the plug (15) essentially having the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, and comprising four flat lateral sides (62) arranged opposite each other to two around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction (Z), defining the four flat lateral sides (62), four corner areas of the plug (15), and a front and rear side (61, 63) according to the direction of introduction of the core (15) in the mold (50), - wherein the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (65) integrated into the plug (15) configured to press a bottom portion of a plate (P) positioned in the inlet mouth and introduce it into the cavity ( 52), and - wherein on the rear side (63) a male bending device is mounted comprising: - four forming members (64a), arranged around the connection support (11), facing two by two, each one associated with one of the flat lateral sides (62) inclined, and positioned in use in a protruding position towards the outside of the male (15) with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) to bend the mentioned edges (R) outwards; characterized because The mold (50) also comprises a plurality of lateral forming stops (95, 96), mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), being each one movable between a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed in the cavity (52), and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity (52), allowing the lateral forming stops (95, 96) movable between the stop and retracted positions evacuate each box formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth without interfering with them; and each of the lateral forming stops (95, 96) includes a lateral limiting face, configured to remain immobilized in its stop position and located laterally to a forming member (64) in its protruding position, configured to remain adjacent to the perimeter outside of the outer rims (R) at least in the corner areas of the box (B), and configured to laterally limit the position of the overlapping portions (A) of the rims (R) to be joined together by some glue points or cords (CC), located in the corner areas of the box (B), and previously folded towards the outside of the box (B). 2. - Machine according to claim 1, wherein The mold (50) also comprises a plurality of forming stops (56), mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each one being movable between a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed in the cavity (52). , and a stop position, towards the interior of the cavity (52), allowing the forming stops (56) movable between the stop and retracted positions to evacuate each box formed from the cavity (52) through the outlet mouth without interfering with the same; and each of the forming stops (56) includes an upper anvil face (58, 59), configured to be immobilized in its stop position and located inferiorly adjacent to a forming member (64) in its protruding position, to be adjacent to a respective flange fold line (LR) that connects one of the outer flanges (R) with the upper part of a side wall (PL) of the box (B), and to receive, with the male (15) in the position of maximum introduction, the pressure of the flanges (R) previously bent by the forming members (64a). 3. - Machine according to claim 2, wherein the male bending device further comprises four cornered forming members (64b), distributed around the connection support (11), each one of them positioned in a corner area of the male (15) sandwiched between two adjoining forming members (64a), and positioned in use in an outwardly projecting position of the core (15) in the corner area thereof; and the four corner forming members (64b) are configured so that, with the male (15) positioned in the maximum insertion position, upperly press by contact the overlapping portions (A) of the flanges (R) located in the corner areas of the box (B) and previously bent towards the exterior of the same, and stick these edges (R) against others by pressure in these overlapping portions (A), by means of glue points or beads (CC). 4. - Machine (100) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the upper support faces (58, 59) are flat, and preferably horizontal. 5. - Machine (100) according to claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein the lateral forming stops (95, 96) are integrated together with the upper anvil faces (58, 59) in the forming stops (56). 6. - Machine (100) according to claim 5, wherein the mold (50) additionally comprises two forming stops (56) provided with an upper dolly face (58, 59) each; thus comprising the mold (50) at least four forming stops (56), facing each other in pairs, each of them with two lateral limiting faces, one at each lateral end of the forming stop (56). 7. - Machine (100) according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein the upper support faces (58, 59) are arranged vertically at two heights: a first height associated with the thickness of the plate (P) positioned along length of the ridges (R) in the portions of the ridges (R) where these do not overlap each other, and a second height associated with twice the thickness of the plate (P) associated with the overlapping portions (A). 8. - Machine (100) according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein each forming stop (56) also has a horizontal bending edge (AH) adjacent to the upper anvil face (58, 59), configured to bend around the rim bending line (LR) each rim (R) towards the outside, in cooperation with a respective forming member of the core bending device, and each horizontal bending edge (AH) being configured to be positioned in the position of stop adjacent to the rim bending line (LR) during the pressure of the lateral anvil faces of the forming stops (56) against the outside of the box (B). 9. - Machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mold (50) further comprises at least four lateral support faces (C1, C2, C3, C4), movable between respective retracted positions adjacent to the cavity ( 52) and respective stop positions towards the inside of the cavity (52), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each one of them with an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z) complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the plug (15), the at least four lateral abutment faces being in their stop positions configured to press the outer part of the box (B), including this outer part the corner areas thereof, against the four flat lateral sides (62) of the core (15) towards the interior of the cavity (52). 10. - Machine (100) according to claim 9, wherein the at least four lateral support faces of the forming stops (56) include at least four lateral support faces with a complementary shape to the corner areas of the chamfered boxes, and being configured to press in the stop position chamfered corner areas of the plug (15), including one or more chamfers (62a), and connecting each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the plug (15). 11. - Machine (100) according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the lateral anvil faces are additionally integrated together with the upper anvil faces (58, 59) in at least two forming stops (56). 12. - Machine (100) according to claim 9, 10 or 11, wherein the mold (50) comprises two forming stops (56), each of them comprising three of the aforementioned lateral anvil faces (C4, C1, C4) one of the three lateral anvil faces (C4, C1, C4) of each forming stop (56) being configured to press a lateral wall (PL) against a respective flat lateral side (62) of the core (15), and the others two lateral abutment faces of each forming stop (56) configured to press respective corner areas of the box (B) against respective corner areas of the core (15). 13. - Machine (100) according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the at least four lateral support faces of the mold (50) include respective pressure surfaces of dimensions essentially coinciding with each of the counter-pressure surfaces of the flat lateral sides (62) of the male (15, 60, 80). 14. - Machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mold (50) comprises two mutually facing presses (46), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), and movable between a retracted position towards the outside of the cavity (52) and a pressing position towards the interior of the cavity (52), preferably dimensioned and positioned to press in the pressing position the outer part of the box (B) on two opposite side walls (PL) against respective opposite flat side walls (62) of the core (15) with the forming stops (56) in the stop position. 15. - Machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the mold (50) comprises six lateral anvil faces (C1, C2, C3, C4), movable between respective retracted positions adjacent to the cavity (52) and respective stop positions towards the inside of the cavity (52), arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each of them having an inclination with respect to the linear direction (Z) complementary to that of each of the flat lateral sides (62) of the male (15), state the at least six lateral support faces ( C1, C4) in their stop positions configured to press the outer part of the box (B), this outer part including the corner areas thereof, against the four flat lateral sides (62) of the plug (15) towards the interior of the cavity (52); being two lateral anvil faces (C4) of these six integrated, each one in a respective stop (56), and the other four lateral anvil faces (C1) of these six integrated, each one in a respective press (46) of the mold (fifty), these four presses (46) being mutually facing each other in pairs, and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each press (46) being articulated in a respective press articulation (48) with respect to the lateral anvil faces (C4) integrated in the forming stops (56), and these presses (46) being movable, between a retracted position, towards the outside of the cavity (52), and a pressure position, towards the interior of the cavity (52) where they are sized and positioned to bend and press the part outside of the box (B) on two opposite side walls (PL) against respective opposite flat side sides (62) of the core (15, 60, 80). 16. - Machine (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plug (15) includes a retainer device (76) integrated into the flat bottom surface (65) of the plug (15), the retainer device being ( 76) configured to imprison the bottom portion (F) of the flat plate (P) against the flat bottom surface (65) of the core (15). 17. - Machine (100) for the formation of boxes (B), designed to be nested and with flanges (R) located in the upper part of the side walls (PL) of the same folded towards the outside of these, comprising the machine (100): - a chassis; - a mold (50) supported on the chassis, comprising a cavity (52) aligned with a core (15) according to a linear direction (Z), a mouthpiece for the plate to enter the cavity (52), and a mouthpiece for outlet of the box formed from the cavity (52), aligned according to the linear direction (Z), and the outlet mouth being dimensioned to evacuate the boxes formed from the cavity (52) traversing the outlet mouthpiece; - a male drive (10) supported on the chassis, configured to move the male (15) guided according to the linear direction (Z) in opposite directions, between positions of maximum extraction and insertion of the male (15) with respect to the cavity (52); - the aforementioned plug (15), connected by means of a connection support (11) to the plug drive (10), the plug (15) essentially having the shape of an inverted truncated pyramid, and comprising four flat lateral sides (62) arranged opposite each other to two around the connection support (11) forming respective inclinations with respect to the linear direction (Z), defining the four flat lateral sides (62), four corner areas of the plug (15), and a front and rear side (61, 63) according to the direction of introduction of the core (15) in the mold (50), - wherein the front side (61) comprises a flat bottom surface (65) integrated into the plug (15) configured to press a bottom portion of a plate (P) positioned in the inlet mouth and introduce it into the cavity ( 52), and - wherein on the rear side (63) a male bending device is mounted comprising: - four forming members (64a), arranged around the connection support (11), facing two by two, each one associated with one of the flat lateral sides (62) inclined, and positioned in use in a protruding position towards the outside of the male (15) with respect to the flat lateral sides (62) to bend the mentioned edges (R) outwards; characterized because The machine (100) comprises a plurality of retaining elements (93), configured to facilitate the extraction of the core (15) from the box (B) formed, mutually facing each other and arranged laterally around the cavity (52), each one being movable between a retracted position, to insert the plate to be formed into the cavity (52) and allow the formation of the edges (R) bent outwards, and a retention position, towards the interior of the cavity (52), where the retaining elements (93) remain immobilized and arranged above the flanges (R), to retain them vertically, during the beginning of the movement of the tap (15) towards the extracted position. 18.- Machine (100) according to claim 17, wherein the lateral contour of the core (15) incorporates vertical eat-ins (62c), one associated with each retaining element (93), each vertical eat-in (62c) configured to house at least a portion of a respective retaining element (93) during the displacement of the core (15) towards the extracted position. 19. - Machine (100) according to claim 17 or 18, wherein the retaining elements (93) in the retaining position are additionally arranged above a respective rim fold line (LR) that connects one of the rims ( R) exteriors with the upper part of a side wall (PL) of the box (B). 20. - Machine (100) according to claim 17, 18 or 19, the retaining elements (93) are horizontally movable by one or more actuators (92), preferably pneumatic cylinders. 21. Machine (100) according to claim 17, 18, 19 or 20, wherein the retaining elements (93) are four and they face each other in pairs. 22. Machine (100) according to any one of claims 17 to 21, configured to extract each box (B) formed from the core (15) without the core (15) interfering with the retaining elements (93), by means of the retaining elements. (93) movable between the retained and retracted positions.