ES2892323T3 - Building element of the brick, block or stone block type and corner comprising at least one stack of this type - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction element (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) of the brick, block or stone block type with a general right quadrilateral shape in section and comprising two transverse lateral faces (2, 3a - 3c) and two longitudinal lateral faces (4a - 4c, 5a - 5c), the construction element forming a linking element comprising at least one through hole (6) intended to receive a vertical chaining of the metal frame type, the four lateral faces extending ( 2, 3a - 3c, 4a, 4b, 4ba, 4bb, 4c, 5a - 5c) of the chaining element each in a plane parallel to the axis (X) of the through hole (6), the construction element presenting a first recess (9, 9c) fitted in a wall of the element at the level of one of its longitudinal lateral faces (4b, 4ba, 4bb-4c) characterized in that said first recess extends to an edge of said construction element.

Description

DESCRIPTION

Building element of the brick, block or stone block type and corner comprising at least one stack of this type

field of invention

The invention falls within the field of the building.

The invention deals more particularly with vertically stacked construction elements intended to form an integral part of a wall in order to consolidate the latter.

prior art

With a view to the construction of a wall and, more particularly, of a load-bearing wall of a construction, it is necessary to integrate a consolidation structure to reinforce the mechanical consistency of said wall and prevent its sinking or collapse.

Specifically, some construction elements called angle elements are known, of the brick, block or block type of natural or composite stone, which have a general shape of a straight cobblestone and are intended to be stacked one on top of the other at the corner of two walls. to build, in order to consolidate the structure formed by these two walls. Such a stack can also form an integral part of the wall side and, for example, be positioned along a window opening to support a lintel. Document DE2631561A1 discloses a building element according to the preamble of claim 1.

Drawbacks of the prior art

In order to optimally consolidate the structure, the construction elements must be perfectly aligned with respect to each other, which represents tedious and costly installation and verification operations. Furthermore, as a continuation of the building walls of the building in which the building elements are integrated, most of the time it is necessary to apply at least one layer of protective coating. Laying this coating is also tedious and requires the use of appropriate tools, which makes this operation difficult and costly.

Objectives of the invention

The purpose of the invention is, first of all, to facilitate the stacking of construction elements for the construction of a solid structure, while offering a satisfactory aesthetic appearance.

The purpose of the invention is also to facilitate the placement of a coating on the construction elements that constitute the side(s) of the walls.

The purpose of the invention is also to facilitate the control of the coating thickness to be placed on the construction elements that constitute the wall side or sides.

Exhibition of the invention

For this, the construction element of the invention is of the brick, block or stone block type and has the characteristics of claim 1.

In this way, when the chaining elements are stacked one on top of the other, the latter are positioned so that all the holes are aligned vertically. A chain, formed, for example, by a metal frame, is then inserted into the housing, for example, cylindrical or square section resulting from the alignment of the holes of the stacked elements, then concrete is poured into this cylindrical housing. The construction element of the invention may also include the following optional features considered separately or according to all possible technical combinations:

- The through hole is off axis with respect to the two median longitudinal and transverse axes, respectively, of the construction element, the two distances separating the axis of said through hole, respectively, from two adjacent side faces of the element being equal.

- The through hole is off axis with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element by a value between three and fifteen percent of the width of said construction element.

- According to some variants of this embodiment, the construction element includes a main part that has a general shape of a straight paving stone that includes the hole and a protruding part that has two perpendicular walls and that is incorporated by joining two adjacent lateral faces of said main part forming the first recess.

- According to a first variant, the two perpendicular walls of the projecting part have the same width.

- According to a second variant, one wall of the protruding part has a width that is greater than the width of the other perpendicular wall.

- the height of the protruding part is less than the height of the main part, which advantageously makes it possible to enable upper and lower free spaces for housing a gasket between two stacked adjacent elements.

- The construction element has a plurality of through cells filled with insulating material.

- The first recess is made at least in part in a first portion of the element that is opposite with respect to the median transverse axis to a second portion of the element that includes the through hole.

- The construction element has a second recess provided in a wall of the element at the level of the opposite longitudinal lateral face and at least in part in the same first portion of the construction element.

- At least one of the edges of the element that extends parallel to the axis of the through hole is chamfered and preferably three of the edges of the element that extends parallel to the axis of the through hole are chamfered.

- The construction element has a general shape of a straight cobblestone and because at least its upper and lower faces are rectified, so that said faces are parallel.

- Building element (1a - 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its length, width and height are respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred millimeters and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters and that it has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of 9 N/mm2.

The invention also deals with a set of two adjacent walls comprising two sides of walls each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces of the brick, block or block type, which extend respectively in two perpendicular planes and whose corner is formed by a vertical stack composed of a plurality of construction elements, such as described above, the transverse holes of the elements being aligned to form a recess, for example, cylindrical or square in section over the entire height of the stack.

The set of two adjacent walls of the invention may also include the following optional features considered in isolation or according to all possible technical combinations:

- The construction elements of the vertical stack have a general rectangular paver shape and are stacked in mesh to form the corner of the two sides of the walls, so that the longitudinal axes of the stacked elements are oriented alternately in the plane of one and the other side of walls.

- The through hole of each construction element of the vertical stack is off axis with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element considered by a value that is expressed according to the formula (Ll)/2, where L and l respectively represent the width of the elements of construction and the width of the other unitary pieces of construction of the sides of the walls, crossing the longitudinal planes of the two sides of the walls at the level of the axis of the emptying of the vertical stack.

- The two adjacent lateral faces of each construction element that form the external part of the corner protrude at least in part from the sides of the respective walls by a distance between ten and forty-five millimeters.

- Each unitary construction piece of the sides of walls has a length, width and height respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred millimeters and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters, because each unitary piece has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of 9 N/mm2.

Presentation of the figures

Other features and advantages of the invention will become clear from the description given below, by way of indication and in no way limiting, with reference to the attached figures, among which:

FIG. 1 is a view from above of a first embodiment of a construction element that is not in accordance with the invention, in support by one of its longitudinal lateral faces against a unitary construction piece;

- figure 1b is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stacking of construction elements of figure 1a;

- figure 1c is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising five stacks of building elements of figure 1a, among which are a stacking in mesh that forms a corner, two vertical stacks that form doorway curbs and two vertical stacks that form window opening curbs;

Figure 2a is a top view of a building element in a second embodiment and according to the invention;

- figure 2b is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stacking of building elements of figure 2a;

Figure 2c is a view from another angle of Figure 2b, one of the wall sides comprising a cladding plate;

Figure 3a is a top view of a construction element in a third embodiment and according to the invention;

- figure 3b a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stacking of building elements of figure 3a;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a construction element of the invention according to a first variant of the second embodiment;

FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a construction element of the invention according to a second variant of the second embodiment;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a construction element of the invention according to a third variant of the second embodiment;

figure 7 is a perspective view of the built-in projecting part of the construction element of figure 5;

figure 8 is a perspective view of the built-in projecting part of the building element of figure 6;

Figure 9 is a schematic representation of two building elements of Figure 5 stacked to partially form the corner of two adjacent wall sides; and

- figure 10 is a schematic representation of two sides of adjacent walls whose corner is formed by the stacking of the construction elements of figure 6.

Detailed description of the invention

In the first place, it is specified that, in the figures, the same references designate the same elements regardless of the figure in which they appear and regardless of the way these elements are represented. Also, if elements are not specifically referenced in one of the figures, their references can easily be found by moving to another figure.

It is also specified that the figures essentially represent three embodiments of the object of the invention, but that there may be other embodiments that meet the definition of the invention.

As stated above and with reference to Figure 1c, the construction of a wall 19, 20 requires at least two types of construction elements. The first type 23, which represents the majority of the construction elements of the wall, are unitary construction pieces 23 of the brick type with an alveolar structure, solid block of concrete or natural or composite stone or also of the block type. These unitary pieces 23, generally in the form of rectangular pavers, are stacked according to known masonry techniques to form the side of the wall 21, 22, specifically, the masonry technique with a thin joint that implements rectified unitary pieces 23.

In the remainder of the description, these unitary pieces will be referred to as conventional bricks 23 for the sake of clarity of exposition. The dimensions of these conventional bricks, known and widely used in the field of building and public works, are between two hundred and forty-eight and six hundred millimeters inclusive for their length, between one hundred and fifty and four hundred and twenty millimeters inclusive for their width I and between one hundred and ninety and three hundred millimeters, preferably two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for its height. The height for this conventional brick 23 is qualified as the component that extends vertically when said brick 23 is integrated into the side of the wall 21, 22. In the continuation of the description, it is considered that the dimensions of the conventional bricks 23 are so non-limiting of five hundred millimeters for its length, two hundred millimeters for its width I and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for his height. Furthermore, and in a known manner, the mechanical resistance to compression of a conventional brick of this type is of the order of 9 N/mm2 and the thermal resistance of the order of 1.7 m2.K/W.

It is also necessary for the built wall 19, 20 to include a supporting structure part, to avoid any sinking, even collapse of the wall 19, 20. The wall 19, 20 comprises a second type of construction elements 1a, 1b, 1c stacked at least over part of the height of the wall 19, 20, each vertical stacking 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of the wall 19, 20 having the function of consolidating it. According to the invention, each stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of elements 1a, 1b, 1c according to the second type is adapted to integrate a chain in an emptying provided in said stack 17a-17c, 18, this chain being generally made up of by one or more metal frames. The chaining will then be taken into a binder poured into the casting, typically concrete.

This second type of building element is called chaining element 1a-1c in the description that follows because of its ability to accommodate such a chaining. Like the conventional bricks 23, the interlocking elements 1a-1c can be of the brick type, concrete block or natural or composite stone, or also of the block type.

As this will be seen in more detail below, a vertical stack formed by linking elements can form the corner of two adjacent walls or also form at least one vertical curb of a door or window opening on the side of the wall in question, in order to support the lintel that protrudes above the opening considered. A bay is an opening enabled on the side of the wall considered and in which a door or a window is intended to be housed there.

With reference to figures 1a to 1c, the chaining element 1a in a first embodiment is described below.

The chaining element 1a of the invention has a general right quadrilateral shape in section. Like the conventional brick 23, the chaining element 1a preferably has a general straight cobblestone shape and also preferably a general rectangular cobblestone shape. In fact, it comprises first 2 and second 3a transverse lateral faces and first 4a and second 5a longitudinal lateral faces. The chaining element 1a also comprises two lower (not shown) and upper faces 16a, respectively, which extend substantially perpendicularly to the lateral faces 2-5. Naturally, in a vertical stack 17a of chaining elements 1a, the faces upper 16a and lower of one of the linking elements 1a are in contact respectively with the lower face of the element 1a above and with the upper face 16a of the element 1a below.

The height of the chaining element 1a is identical to the height of the conventional bricks 23, which allows a harmonious integration of the chaining elements in the considered wall 19, 20, from the point of view of mechanical stability and aesthetics . In addition, the mechanical resistance to compression of the linking element is also of the order of 9 N/mm2. Advantageously, the length of the chaining element 1a is substantially identical to the length of the conventional brick 23.

Advantageously, the faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a, 16 of the chaining elements 1a and, in particular, the upper and lower faces 16a, are ground. This means that these faces have been ground with great precision, so that the angles of the cusps and the edges of the chaining element are very close to a value of 90°, ideally, as close as the precision of the measurements allows. mechanical face grinding tools. In fact, the upper and lower faces are parallel and the side faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a are parallel two by two. Advantageously, the conventional bricks 23 are also ground.

In this way, the construction of the wall 19, 20, which consists of the construction of the side of the wall 21, 22 and the construction of the vertical stack 17a, is a much simpler and faster operation, since the control of the parallelism between two superimposed chaining elements 1a, two adjacent or superimposed conventional bricks 23 and/or a conventional brick 23 and an adjacent chaining element 1a is simplified. In fact, the use of rectified interlocking elements 1a and rectified conventional bricks 23 allows the implementation of the so-called thin-joint masonry technique, a joint of this type presenting a thickness of the order of one to three millimeters during its application. The use of a technique of this type allows the automatic obtaining of the plumb character and, in this way, avoids subsequent operations to verify the correct plumb character of the wall during construction.

Another advantage that resides in the use of rectified linking elements 1a is the possibility of adapting elements of this type 1a to any rectified conventional bricks 23, whatever the length and width dimensions of said rectified conventional brick 23, always that the respective heights of the rectified linking elements 1a and of the rectified conventional bricks 23 are identical.

The chaining element 1a comprises a through hole 6 between the lower face and the upper face 16a, the axis X of the through hole 6 also being parallel to respective planes in which the lateral faces 2-5a of the element 1 extend. to. As will be seen later, this through hole 6 is intended to receive the vertical chaining. Indeed, as a continuation of the vertical stacking 17a of a plurality of chaining elements 2a, the set of through holes 6 of said elements 1a are all aligned to form a recess, for example, cylindrical or square in section, which extends along the entire length of the vertical stack 17a. The chaining is then integrated into this casting, then the cement or concrete-type binder is poured into this casting that comprises the chaining.

According to the invention and for all the embodiments described, the width L of the connecting element 1a is greater than the width I of the conventional brick 23. More precisely, the width L responds to the following formula:

L = I x with 10 mm < x < 45 mm

In a first example and in a non-limiting manner, when the width I of the conventional brick 23 is of the order of two hundred and fifty millimeters, the width L of the linking element 1a is between two hundred and sixty and two hundred and ninety millimeters and is preferably of the order two hundred and eighty millimeters. In a second example and in a non-limiting manner, when the width I of the conventional brick 23 is of the order of two hundred millimeters, the width L of the linking element 1a is between two hundred and ten and two hundred and forty-five millimeters, preferably of the order of two hundred thirty-five millimeters.

In the embodiment variant illustrated in the figures, the through hole 6 is, for its part, off-axis with respect to the two axes, respectively longitudinal 7 and median transverse 8, of the chain element 1a in question. Furthermore, a first longitudinal distance D1L between the first transverse side face 2 and the X axis of the through hole 6 is equal to a first transverse distance D1T between the first longitudinal face 4a and the X axis of the through hole 6.

In a variant embodiment not shown, the through hole of the chaining element is only off-axis with respect to the transverse median axis of said chaining element, the through hole being, in fact, centered on the longitudinal axis. As for the embodiment of figure 1a, the first longitudinal distance is equal to the first transverse distance and, in addition, it is equal to a second transverse distance between the axis of the through hole and the second longitudinal face of the chaining element.

Finally, in another alternative embodiment of the chaining element, not shown, the through hole is centered at the same time on the two median longitudinal and transverse axes, respectively, of said chaining element.

With reference to figures 1a to 1c, the second transverse distance D2T, which separates the second longitudinal side face 5a from the axis X of the through hole 6, is therefore less than the first transverse distance D1T due to the outside character axis of the through hole 6 in relation to the longitudinal axis 7. Advantageously, the through hole 6 is off axis with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 by a distance d whose value is between three and fifteen percent of the width L of chaining element 1 a. More generally, the through hole 6 of each chaining element 1a of the stack 17a is off axis with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the element considered by a distance d whose value is expressed according to the formula (Ll)/2, where l the width of conventional brick 23.

In addition, in order to ensure optimum alignment between the conventional bricks 23 and the interlocking elements 1a of the stack, the longitudinal planes 24, 25 of the two sides of the walls 20, 21 intersect at the level of the X axis of the emptying of the stack. upright 17a. In this way, the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each chaining element 1a is in the same plane as the surface of the considered wall side 21, 22.

The off-axis nature of the through hole 6 with respect to the median transverse axis 8 allows for a vertical stacking 17a of the interlocking element 1a in mesh when this stacking forms the corner of the two walls 19, 20. This stacking in mesh 17a, visible in figure 1b and, above all, in figure 1c, it is made so that the longitudinal axes 7 of the stacked elements 1a are alternately oriented in the plane 24, 25 of one and the other of the sides of walls 21, 22.

In addition, as the first distances respectively longitudinal D1L and transversal D1T of each chaining element 1a are equal, the first longitudinal lateral face 4a of one of the elements 1a of the stack 17a extends in the same plane as the first transverse lateral faces respective 2 of the two adjacent chained elements 1a, which ensures the mechanical stability and aesthetics of the vertical stack 17a.

The off-axis character of the through hole 6 with respect to the longitudinal axis 7, coupled to a width L of the linking element 1a greater than the width I of the conventional brick 23, induces the overshooting at least in part of the first transversal lateral faces 2 and longitudinal 4a of each chaining element 1a with respect to the considered wall sides 21, 22. Preferably, this protrusion is between ten and forty-five millimeters and is even more preferably of the order of thirty millimeters . More generally, with the hole 6 being off-axis at a distance d with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the considered element 1a, the protrusion of the first transverse lateral faces 2 and longitudinal 4a of each linking element 1 a with respect to the sides of walls considered 21.22 is expressed according to the formula 2d = Ll.

Instead, the second longitudinal lateral face 5a of each element 1a is located in the plane of the surface of the considered wall side 21, 22. Traditionally, when the construction comprising the walls 19, 20 of the invention is a closed building, the second longitudinal side face 5a of each chaining element 1a is intended to be at least partially oriented inside said building.

The projections 26a resulting from the offsets between the sides of the walls considered 21, 22 and the first longitudinal 4a and transversal 2 faces, respectively, of each chaining element 1a form a plurality of cladding stops 26a, which facilitate the placement of the cladding on the bricks conventional 23 without overflowing on the chaining elements 1 a that play an important aesthetic role, specifically, when the stacking 17a is made in mesh. These projections 26a thus avoid the use of supplementary tools that serve to carry out a clean laying of the coating, tools of this type being, for example, removable or non-removable coating angle rods, which play the role of cladding stops. Of course, these projections 26a all have the same depth.

Advantageously, the edge 15a that connects the first longitudinal side face 4a and the second transverse side face 3a, as well as the edge 14 that connects the first transverse side face 2 and the second longitudinal side face 5a are chamfered, preferably on a width of the order of fifteen millimeters.

In addition to an obvious aesthetic aspect, the chamfered edges 14, 15a allow controlling the thickness of the coating to be expanded on the sides of the walls 21, 22. In effect, the coating is applied in thickness on the side of the wall considered 21, 22 up to the edge of the chamfered edge considered 14, 15a of the linked element considered 1a. In this way, the width L of the linking element 1a of the invention is equivalent to the sum of the width I of the conventional brick 23, the thickness of the coating and the depth of the chamfer 14, 15a. Preferably, the thickness of the coating is of the order of five to twenty millimeters, preferably fifteen millimeters, and the depth of the chamfer is of the order of five to twenty millimeters.

Preferably and for reasons of aesthetic homogeneity, the edge 13 connecting the first longitudinal 4a and transverse 2 lateral faces is also chamfered.

As specified above in the description, the vertical stacking 18 can also be made in a curb 29, 30. In this case, all the elements 1a are stacked one on top of the other, all oriented in the same direction, that is, so that their respective longitudinal axes 7 are oriented in the plane of the corresponding wall side 21.

According to a second variant of the first embodiment and with reference to figure 1c, the chaining element 1a' can have a general shape of a cubic paving stone or any other suitable shape. The other technical characteristics relating to the first variant 1a of the first embodiment are also included in this second variant 1a'.

In this way, creating a vertical stack 18 at the level of the curbs of openings 29, 30 with an alternation of cubic 1a' and rectangular parallelepiped elements 1a, it presents an aesthetic reminiscent of the grid arrangement of a vertical stack 17a that forms the corner of two walls 19, 20.

Advantageously, it is possible to cover the lintel of the considered opening and possibly the formwork with a roller shutter, with a facing plate 27 having a thickness identical to the depth of the projections that form the cladding stops 26a. This facing plate 27, in addition to its aesthetic role, also includes a cladding stop as well as the projections 26a described above.

With reference to figures 2a to 2c, a second embodiment of the chaining element 1b will be described.

The chaining element 1b comprises a first recess 9 provided in a wall of the element at the level of the first longitudinal side face 4b. In addition, this recess 9 is made at least in part in a first portion 10b of the element that is opposite, with respect to the median transverse axis 8, to a second portion 11 of the element 1b that comprises the through hole 6. Preferably, but in a non-limiting way, the second portion 11 of the chaining element 1 b has a generally cubic shape.

As can be seen in figure 2a, the first portion 9 of the chaining element 1b has a width I equivalent to that of the conventional bricks 23. In fact, once the stacking in mesh 17b has been carried out with the chaining elements 1b according to this second embodiment, the lateral face 17 of this first portion 9 is in the same plane as the rest of the considered wall side 21, 22.

The projection 26b generated by this recess 9 then forms the cladding stop 26b and has the same characteristics and advantages as the projection 26a described above. The cladding 28 placed on the considered wall side 21, 22 covers, therefore, within the framework of this second embodiment of the element 1b, the lateral face 17 of the first lowered portion 9 of the linking element 1b, as this is seen in figure 2c. This particular configuration thus makes it possible to obtain vertically aligned cladding stops 26b when the interlocking elements 1b are stacked in mesh, which further facilitates laying the cladding 28. In addition, this configuration of the vertical stacking 17b presents an aesthetic different from the vertical stack 17a.

Advantageously, the edge 15b that connects the transverse lateral face 4b of the second portion 11 to the projection 26b is chamfered to ensure, beyond its aesthetic role, optimal control of the thickness of the coating 28 to be placed on the considered wall side 21, 22. In addition, like the first embodiment of the chaining element 1a, the edge 13 that connects the first transverse side face 2 to the first longitudinal side face 4b and the edge 14 that connects the first transverse side face 2 to the second longitudinal lateral face 5b are also chamfered.

With reference to figures 3a and 3b, a third embodiment of the chaining element 1c will be described.

In this third embodiment, the chaining element 1c comprises the same characteristics as the chaining element of the second embodiment 1b and comprises, for the rest, a second recess 12 enabled over a depth of the order of twenty to thirty millimeters in a wall at the level of the second longitudinal lateral face 5c and in the same first portion 9c of the linking element 1c. Thus, like the chaining element 1b of the second embodiment, the second portion 11 comprising the through hole 6 of the chaining element 1c according to the third embodiment is preferably cubic. In addition, the off-axis character of the hole 6 is identical to that of the holes 6 of the respective linked elements 1a, 1b of the first and second embodiments.

This third embodiment is of particular interest when the walls 19, 20 that make up the linking elements 1c are the walls of a construction of the closed building type. In this way, the second recess 12 of each chaining element 1c of a vertical stack 17c that forms the corner of two walls 19, 20 (FIG. 3b) is intended to be exposed inside the building.

The thermal resistance of the chaining elements 1a - 1c of the invention is of the order of 0.55 M2.K/W, which is lower than the thermal resistance of conventional bricks 23. In this way, to improve the thermal resistance of the chaining element 1c, a plate of rigid thermal insulation, for example, cork or polystyrene and whose height and width are identical to those of the second recess 12, is then inserted into each second recess 12 of the considered vertical stack 17c , to improve the comfort and thermal performance of element 1c and of the building.

Furthermore, the thickness of each insulation plate is identical to the depth of the second considered recess 12, so that the face of the insulation plate is in the same plane as the inner surface of the considered wall side 21, 22. This will facilitate , then the placement of the inner lining on the walls 19, 20 and will avoid the creation of any roughness on the surface of this inner lining.

With reference to figures 4 to 6, first, second and third variants of the second embodiment of the chaining element 1c will be described.

With reference to figure 4, the first variant of the chaining element 1d of the second embodiment is identical to the description made above of the chaining element 1b except for two points described below.

In the first place, the linking element 1d is alveolar and includes, for this purpose, through alveoli 31 located in the first portion 10b and through alveoli 32 provided between the longitudinal 4b and transverse 2 side faces and the hole 6. These alveoli 31 , 32 can advantageously be filled with insulating material that makes it possible to correct the thermal bridge induced by the concrete post poured into the cylindrical or square section housing, also called vertical chaining, made up of the stack of through holes 6.

The alveoli 32, as shown in figure 4, break up the chaining element 1d into two parts: a main part 33 in the general shape of a straight cobblestone with a width I, for example, 200 millimeters and which includes the through hole 6 and the associated alveoli 31 and a projecting part 34 defined by two perpendicular walls 34', 34'' that have the same width L between 210 and 245 millimeters, preferably 235 millimeters and whose external faces form the longitudinal 4b and transverse lateral faces 2 of element 1d. As shown in figure 4, the protruding part 34 has a height H1 less than the height H of approximately 250 millimeters of the main part 33, which releases a higher height i. Similarly, the same lower height i not visible in this figure is released. The lower and upper free heights i are each between 6 and 10 millimeters, preferably 8 millimeters, which make it possible to make a joint with a height of between 12 and 20 millimeters, preferably 16 millimeters, between two adjacent elements 1d stacked one on top of the other. another, facilitating the implementation of the vertical stacking of the 1d elements.

With reference to figure 5, the second variant of the chaining element 1e of the second embodiment is identical to the first variant of figure 4, except that the projecting part 34a is a separate part of the main part 33 that is incorporated by fastening, for example, by gluing, on two adjacent walls of the main part 33 on the side of the hole 6. The projecting part 34a is defined by two perpendicular walls 34a', 34a''. This variant is particularly advantageous because of the use, for the main part 33, of a standard unitary piece of the brick or block type with width I of approximately 200 millimeters of the same type as the conventional bricks 23 (figure 1 c) that make up the wall 19, 20. As for the first variant of figure 4, the longitudinal 4ba and transverse 2 lateral faces of the element 1e identified as the perpendicular walls 34a', 34a'' of the protruding part 34a, have the same width L between 210 and 245 millimeters for a width I of the main part of approximately 200 mm. As for the variant of figure 4, the height H1 of the projecting part 34a is less than the height H of the main part 33.

With reference to Figure 6, the third variant of the chaining element 1f of the second embodiment is identical to the second variant of Figure 5, except that the longitudinal side face 4bb (or wall 34b'') of the projecting part incorporated 34b has a width L1 greater than the width L of its transverse lateral face 2 (or wall 34b') for reasons that will be explained later. By way of example, the width L1 is approximately 420 millimeters.

As for the first variant of figure 4, the elements 1e, 1f of the second and third variants of the second embodiment include alveoli 31 in the main part 33 and alveoli 32 in the incorporated projecting part 34a, 34b or, more precisely, between the wall that makes up the projecting part 34a, 34b and the external face of the main part 33 located opposite said wall. With reference to FIGS. 7 and 8, these cells 32 can advantageously be filled with insulating material 32a of the cork, polystyrene, mineral foam or any other insulating material known to those skilled in the art.

Figures 9 and 10 illustrate a partial assembly of two adjacent walls 19, 20 comprising two sides of walls each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces 23, 33 of the brick, block or alveolar block type that extend respectively in two perpendicular planes and whose corner is formed by a vertical stack 17 composed for figure 9 by a plurality of construction elements 1e of the second variant of the second embodiment, arranged perpendicularly one above the other and aligned to form a recess, for example, cylindrical or square section, over the entire height of the stack, thus forming a chain at right angles and for figure 10 by a plurality of building elements 1f of the third variant of the second embodiment arranged perpendicularly one above the other and aligned to form a cylindrical cutout or square section, over the entire height of the stacking, thus forming a chain of angles in adaraja. Similarly, in figure 10 a part of the cladding 28 applied against one of the sides of the wall is represented.

The embodiments described above are in no way limiting and modifications can be made there without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the chaining element of the invention may only comprise the second recess 12.

Claims (15)

1. Construction element (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) of the brick, block or stone block type with a general right quadrilateral shape in section and comprising two transverse lateral faces (2, 3a - 3c ) and two longitudinal lateral faces (4a - 4c, 5a - 5c), the construction element forming a linking element comprising at least one through hole (6) intended to receive a vertical chaining of the metal frame type, the four faces extending sides (2, 3a - 3c, 4a, 4b, 4ba, 4bb, 4c, 5a - 5c) of the chaining element each in a plane parallel to the axis (X) of the through hole (6), the construction element presenting a first recess (9, 9c) provided in a wall of the element at the level of one of its longitudinal lateral faces (4b, 4ba, 4bb-4c) characterized in that said first recess extends to an edge of said construction element. Construction element (1a - 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the through hole (6) is off-axis with respect to the two axes, respectively longitudinal (7) and median transverse (8). ) of the construction element (1a - 1c), being the two distances (D1L, D1T) that separate the axis (X) of said through hole (6) respectively from two adjacent lateral faces (2, 4a, 4b, 4ba, 4bb , 4c) of the element (1a - 1c) equal. Construction element (1a - 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the through hole (6) is off axis with respect to the longitudinal axis (7) of the element by a value between three and fifteen percent of the width of said building element (1a-1c). 4. Building element (1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first recess (9, 9c) is made at least in part in a first portion (10b, 10c) of the element that is opposite with respect to the median transverse axis (8) to a second portion (11) of the element that comprises the through hole (6). 5. Building element (1e, 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes a main part (33) having a general shape of a straight cobblestone comprising the hole (6) and a protruding part (34a, 34b) which has two perpendicular walls (34a', 34a''; 34b', 34b'') and which is incorporated by being integral with two adjacent lateral faces of said main part (33) forming the first recess (9). Building element (1e) according to claim 5, characterized in that the two perpendicular walls (34a', 34a'') of the projecting part (34a) have the same width (L). Construction element (1f) according to claim 6, characterized in that one wall (34b'') of the projecting part (34b) has a width (L1) that is greater than the width (L) of the other perpendicular wall (34b'). Construction element according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the height (H1) of the projecting part (34a, 34b) is less than the height (H) of the main part (33). 9. Building element (1e, 1f, 1h) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a plurality of through alveoli (31, 32) filled with insulating material. 10. Construction element (1c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a second recess (12) enabled in a wall of the element at the level of the opposite longitudinal lateral face (5c) and at least in part in the same first portion (10b, 10c) of the building element (1c). Construction element (1a - 1f) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element (1a - 1f) has the general shape of a straight cobblestone and that at least its upper (16) and lower faces are ground so that these faces are parallel. 12. Set of two adjacent walls (19, 20) comprising two wall sides (21, 22) each formed by a stack of unitary construction pieces (23) of the brick, block or block type, which extend respectively in two perpendicular planes and whose corner is formed by a vertical stack (17) made up of a plurality of construction elements (1 a - 1 f) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, the transverse holes (6) of the elements being (1a - 1c) aligned to form a recess over the entire height of the stack (17a - 17c, 18). 13. Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the construction elements (1a - 1f) of the vertical stack have a general rectangular paver shape and are stacked in mesh to form the corner (17a, 17b, 17b1, 17b2, 17c) of the two wall sides (21, 22), so that the longitudinal axes (8) of the stacked elements (1a - 1f) are alternately oriented in the plane of one and the other of the wall sides (21, 22). 14. Assembly according to claim 12 or claim 13, characterized in that the through hole (6) of each construction element (1a - 1f) of the vertical stack (17a - 17c) is off axis with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element considered (1a - 1c) in a value that is expressed according to the formula (Ll)/2, where L and l respectively represent the width of the construction elements (1a - 1f) and the width of the other unitary construction pieces (23) of the sides of walls (21,22), crossing the longitudinal planes (24, 25) of the two sides of walls (21, 22) at the level of the axis (X) of the emptying of the vertical stack (17a - 17c). Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the two adjacent lateral faces (2, 4a, 4b, 4b1, 4b2, 4c) of each construction element (1a - 1f) that form the external part of the corner exceed at least partly some sides of respective walls (21, 22) at a distance between ten and forty-five millimeters.