FR3079854A1 - CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT OF BRICK TYPE, PARPAING OR BLOCK OF STONE, AND ENCLOSURE COMPRISING AT LEAST ONE SUCH STACK - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates mainly to a building element (1a) of the brick, concrete block or stone block type having in section the general shape of a right quadrilateral and comprising two transverse lateral faces (2, 3a) and two longitudinal lateral faces (4a, 5a), characterized in that the construction element is a chaining element which comprises at least one through hole (6) intended to receive a vertical chaining of the metal frame type, the four lateral faces (2, 3a, 4a, 5a ) of the chaining element each extending in a plane parallel to the axis (X) of the through hole (6). The invention further relates to a set of two adjacent walls (19, 20) comprising two wall sections (21, 22) and the corner of which is formed by a vertical stack (17) formed of a plurality of elements building (1a).

Description

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENT OF THE BRICK, CUSHIONING OR STONE BLOCK TYPE, AND CORNER INCLUDING AT LEAST ONE SUCH STACK

Field of the invention The invention is in the building field.

The invention relates more particularly to building elements stacked vertically and intended to be an integral part of a wall so as to consolidate the latter.

PRIOR ART In view of the construction of a wall, and more particularly of a wall carrying a construction, it is necessary to integrate a consolidation structure to reinforce the mechanical strength of said wall and prevent its collapse. or collapse.

It is notably known construction elements called corner elements, of the brick, concrete block or natural or composite stone block type, having a general shape of straight paving stone and intended to be stacked one on top of the other. corner of two walls to be built in order to consolidate the structure formed by these two walls. Such a stack can also be an integral part of the wall panel and for example be positioned along a window opening to support a lintel.

Disadvantages of the Prior Art [0005] To consolidate the structure optimally, the construction elements must be perfectly aligned with respect to each other, which represents tedious and costly set-up and verification operations. In addition, following the construction of the construction walls in which the building elements are integrated, it is most of the time necessary to apply at least one layer of protective coating. The installation of this coating is also tedious and requires the use of appropriate tools, which results in this operation being difficult and costly.

Objects of the invention The invention aims in the first place to facilitate the stacking of construction elements for the construction of a solid structure while providing a satisfactory aesthetic appearance.

The invention also aims to facilitate the installation of a coating on the building elements constituting the wall section or sections.

The invention also aims to facilitate the control of the thickness of plaster to be placed on the building elements constituting the wall section or sections.

Description of the invention [0009] To this end, the construction element of the invention is of the brick, concrete block or stone block type having, in section, a general shape of a right quadrilateral and comprising two lateral lateral faces and two lateral faces. longitudinal, which building element forms a chaining element which comprises at least one through orifice intended to receive a vertical chaining of the metal frame type, the four lateral faces of the chaining element each extending in a plane parallel to the axis of the through hole.

Thus, when the chaining elements are stacked on each other, the latter are positioned so that all the orifices are aligned vertically. A chaining, formed for example by a metal frame, is then introduced into the cylindrical housing resulting from the alignment of the orifices of the stacked elements, then concrete is poured into this cylindrical housing.

The construction element of the invention may also include the following optional characteristics considered in isolation or according to all possible technical combinations:

The through hole is off-axis with respect to the two longitudinal and median transverse axes respectively of the building element, the two distances separating the axis of said orifice crossing respectively from two adjacent lateral faces of the element being equal.

The through hole is offset from the longitudinal axis of the element by a value between three and fifteen percent of the width of said building element.

The building element has a first disbursement formed in a wall of the element at one of its longitudinal side faces.

The first disbursement is carried out at least in part in a first portion of the element which is opposite with respect to the median transverse axis to a second portion of the element comprising the through hole.

The building element has a second recess provided in a wall of the element at the opposite longitudinal side face and at least partly in the same first portion of the building element.

At least one of the edges of the element extending parallel to the axis of the through orifice is chamfered, and preferably three of the edges of the element extending parallel to the axis of the through orifice are chamfered.

The building element has a general shape of a straight paving stone, and in that at least its upper and lower faces are rectified, so that said faces are parallel.

The length, width and height of the building element are respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred eighty millimeters and two hundred forty-nine millimeters, in that it has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of eighty N / mm ² .

The invention further relates to a set of two adjacent walls comprising two sections of walls each formed by a stack of unit construction pieces of the brick, block or concrete block type, extending respectively in two perpendicular planes and whose l he corner is formed by a vertical stack composed of a plurality of construction elements as described above, the transverse orifices of the elements being aligned to form a cylindrical recess over the entire height of the stack.

The set of two adjacent walls of the invention may also include the following optional characteristics considered in isolation or according to all possible technical combinations:

- The construction elements of the vertical stack have a general shape of rectangular paving stone and are stacked in a wallet to form the corner of the two wall sections, so that the longitudinal axes of the stacked elements are oriented alternately in the plane of the one and the other of the sections of walls.

- The through hole of each construction element of the vertical stack is offset with respect to the longitudinal axis of the element considered by a value expressed according to the formula (Ll) / 2, where L and I represent respectively the width of the construction elements and the width of the other unitary construction parts of the wall sections, the longitudinal planes of the two wall sections crossing at the level of the axis of the cylindrical recess of the vertical stack.

- The two adjacent lateral faces of each construction element forming the external part of the corner protrude at least partly from the respective sections of walls by a distance of between ten and forty millimeters.

- Each unitary piece of construction of the sections of walls has length, width and height respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred and fifty millimeters and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters, in that each unitary piece has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of eighty N / mm ² .

Presentation of the figures [0014] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge clearly from the description which is given below, for information and in no way limitative, with reference to the appended figures among which:

- Figure 1a is a top view of a first embodiment of the construction element of the invention, supported by one of its longitudinal side faces against a unitary construction piece;

- Figure 1b is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stack of building elements of Figure 1a;

- Figure 1c is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising five stacks of building elements of Figure 1a, among which a stack in saddlebag forming corner, two vertical stacks forming doorway edges, and two vertical stacking forming window bay borders;

- Figure 2a is a top view of a building element in a second embodiment;

- Figure 2b is a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stack of building elements of Figure 2a;

- Figure 2c is a view from another angle of Figure 2b, one of the wall sections comprising a coating plate;

- Figure 3a is a top view of a building element in a third embodiment;

- Figure 3b a perspective view of two adjacent walls comprising two sides and a corner formed by a vertical stack of building elements of Figure 3a.

Detailed description of the invention It is firstly specified that in the figures, the same references designate the same elements regardless of the figure on which they appear and whatever the form of representation of these elements. Similarly, if elements are not specifically referenced in one of the figures, their references can be easily found by referring to another figure.

It is also specified that the figures essentially represent three embodiments of the object of the invention but that there may be other embodiments which meet the definition of the invention.

As stated above, and with reference to Figure 1c, the construction of a wall 19, 20 requires at least two types of construction elements. The first type 23, which represents the majority of the construction elements of the wall, are unit construction parts 23 of the brick type with cellular structure, solid block of concrete or natural or composite stone, or of the concrete block type. These unit pieces 23, generally in the form of rectangular blocks, are stacked according to known masonry techniques to form the face of the wall 21, 22, in particular the technique of masonry with a thin joint using unit pieces 23 rectified.

In the following description, we will name these unitary pieces of the conventional bricks 23 for the sake of clarity of the description. The dimensions of these conventional bricks, known and widely used in the field of building and public works, are between two hundred forty-eight and five hundred millimeters inclusive for their length, between one hundred fifty and four hundred and twenty millimeters inclusive for their width I, and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for their height. The vertically extending component when said brick 23 is integrated into the wall section 21, 22 is qualified as a height for this conventional brick 23. In the following description, it is considered that the dimensions of the conventional bricks 23 are not restrictive of five hundred millimeters for their length, two hundred and fifty millimeters for their width I, and two hundred and forty-nine millimeters for their height. In addition and in a known manner, the mechanical resistance to compression of such a conventional brick is of the order of eighty N / mm ² , and the thermal resistance of the order of 1.7 m ² .K / W.

It is also necessary for the built wall 19, 20 to include a part of the supporting structure, to avoid any collapse or even collapse of the wall 19, 20. The wall 19, 20 comprises a second type of construction element 1a, 1b, 1c stacked at least over part of the height of the wall 19, 20, each vertical stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of the wall 19, 20 having the function of consolidating it. According to the invention, each stack 17a, 17b, 17c, 18 of elements 1a, 1b, 1c according to the second type is adapted to integrate a chaining in a recess formed in said stack 17a - 17c, 18, this chaining generally being constituted one or more metallic reinforcements. The chaining will then be taken in a binder poured into the recess, typically concrete.

This second type of construction element is called chaining element 1a - 1c in the description which follows for its capacity to accommodate such chaining. Like the conventional bricks 23, the chaining elements 1a - 1c can be of the brick type, concrete block or natural or composite stone, or even of the concrete block type.

As will be seen in more detail below, a vertical stack formed of chaining elements can form the corner of two adjacent walls, or even form at least a vertical border of a door or window opening formed in the section of wall considered in order to support the lintel overhanging the bay considered. A bay is an opening made in the section of wall considered and in which a door or a window is intended to be housed there.

Referring to Figures 1a to 1c, the chaining element 1a in a first embodiment is described below.

The chaining element 1a of the invention has in section a general shape of a right quadrilateral. Like the conventional brick 23, the chaining element 1a preferably has a general shape of a straight block, and more preferably a general shape of a rectangular block. It in fact comprises first 2 and second 3a transverse lateral faces and first 4a and second 5a longitudinal lateral faces. The chaining element 1a also comprises two respectively lower (not shown) and upper 16a faces, which extend substantially perpendicular to the lateral faces 2-5. Of course, in a vertical stack 17a of chaining elements 1a, the upper 16a and lower faces of one of the chaining elements 1a are in contact respectively with the lower face of the element 1a above and with the face upper 16a of element 1a below.

The height of the chaining element 1a is identical to the height of conventional bricks 23, which allows a harmonious integration of the chaining elements in the wall considered 19, 20, from the point of view of mechanical stability and aesthetics. In addition, the mechanical resistance to compression of the chaining element is also of the order of eighty N / mm ² . Advantageously, the length of the chaining element 1a is substantially identical to the length of the conventional brick 23.

Advantageously, the faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a, 16 of the chaining elements 1a, and in particular the upper faces 16a and lower, are rectified. This means that these faces have been ground with great precision, so that the angles of the vertices and edges of the chaining elements are very close to a value of 90 °, ideally as close as the precision of the tools allows. mechanical grinding of the faces. In fact, the upper and lower faces are parallel, and the lateral faces 2, 3a, 4a, 5a are parallel in pairs. Advantageously, the conventional bricks 23 are also rectified.

In this way, the construction of the wall 19, 20, including the construction of the wall section 21, 22 and the construction of the vertical stack 17a, is a much simpler and faster operation, since the checking the parallelism between two superimposed chaining elements 1a, two conventional bricks 23 adjacent or superimposed, and / or a conventional brick 23 and an adjacent chaining element 1a is simplified. In fact, the use of rectified chaining elements 1a and rectified conventional bricks 23 allows the implementation of the so-called thin-joint masonry technique, such a joint having a thickness of the order of when applied. one to three millimeters. The use of such a technique allows the automatic plumbing to be obtained and thus avoids the subsequent operations of checking the good plumbness of the wall being built.

Another advantage residing in the use of rectified chaining elements 1a is the possibility of adapting such elements 1a to any conventional rectified bricks 23, whatever the dimensions of length and width of said rectified conventional brick 23, provided that the respective heights of the rectified linking elements 1a and of the rectified conventional bricks 23 are identical.

The chaining element 1a comprises a through orifice 6 between the lower face and the upper face 16a, the axis X of the through orifice 6 is also parallel to respective planes in which the lateral faces extend 2 5a of element 1a. As will be seen later, this through hole 6 is intended to receive the vertical chaining. Indeed, following the vertical stack 17a of a plurality of chaining elements 2a, the set of orifices passing through 6 of said elements 1a are all aligned to form a cylindrical recess extending all along the vertical stack 17a. The chaining is then integrated in this obviously cylindrical, then the cement or concrete type binder is poured into this recess comprising the chaining.

According to the invention, the width L of the chaining element 1a is greater than the width I of the conventional brick 23. For example and without limitation, when the width I of the conventional brick 23 is of the order of two hundred and fifty millimeters, the width L of the chaining element 1a is between two hundred and sixty and two hundred and ninety millimeters, and is preferably of the order of two hundred and eighty millimeters.

In the alternative embodiment illustrated in the figures, the through hole 6 is in turn offset with respect to the two longitudinal axes 7 and median transverse 8 respectively of the chaining element considered 1a. In addition, a first longitudinal distance Du. between the first transverse lateral face 2 and the axis X of the through hole 6 is equal to a first transverse distance Said between the first longitudinal face 4a and the axis X of the through hole 6.

In an alternative embodiment not shown, the through hole of the chaining element is offset only with respect to the median transverse axis of said chaining element, the through orifice being in fact centered on the longitudinal axis . As for the embodiment of FIG. 1a, the first longitudinal distance is equal to the first transverse distance, and is also equal to a second transverse distance between the axis of the through orifice and the second longitudinal face of the chaining element.

Finally, in another alternative embodiment, not shown, of the chaining element, the through orifice is centered both on the two median longitudinal and transverse axes respectively of said chaining element.

Referring to Figures 1a to 1c, the second transverse distance Ü2T, separating the second longitudinal side face 5a of the axis X of the through hole 6, is therefore less than the first transverse distance Said because of the offset of the through hole 6 relative to the longitudinal axis 7. Advantageously, the through hole 6 is offset from the longitudinal axis 7 by a distance d whose value is between three and fifteen percent of the width L of the linking element 1a. More generally, the through hole 6 of each chaining element 1a of the stack 17a is offset from the longitudinal axis 7 of the element considered by a distance d, the value of which is expressed according to the formula (Ll) / 2, I being the width of the conventional brick 23.

In addition, in order to ensure optimal alignment between the conventional bricks 23 and the chaining elements 1a of the stack, the longitudinal planes 24, 25 of the two sections of walls 20, 21 intersect at the level of the axis X of the cylindrical recess of the vertical stack 17a. In this way, the second longitudinal side face 5a of each chaining element 1a is in the same plane as the surface of the wall section considered 21, 22.

The offset of the through orifice 6 relative to the median transverse axis 8 allows for a vertical stack 17a of chaining element 1a in saddlebag when this stack forms the corner of the two walls 19, 20. This stacking in bag 17a, visible in FIG. 1b and especially in FIG. 1c, is produced so that the longitudinal axes 7 of the stacked elements 1a are oriented alternately in the plane 24, 25 of one and the other of the sections of walls 21, 22.

In addition, as the first respectively longitudinal distances Du. and transverse Said of each chaining element 1a are equal, the first longitudinal lateral face 4a of one of the elements 1a of the stack 17a extends in the same plane as the respective first transverse lateral faces 2 of the two chaining elements adjacent 1a, which ensures the mechanical stability and the aesthetics of the vertical stack 17a.

The offset of the through hole 6 relative to the longitudinal axis 7, coupled to a width L of the chaining element 1a greater than the width I of the conventional brick 23, induces the overstepping at least in part first transverse 2 and longitudinal 4a lateral faces of each chaining element 1a with respect to the sections of walls considered 21, 22. Preferably, this projection is between ten and forty millimeters, and is even more preferably of the order of thirty millimeters . More generally, the orifice 6 being offset from the distance d with respect to the longitudinal axis 7 of the element considered 1a, the protrusion of the first transverse lateral 2 and longitudinal 4a faces of each chaining element 1a relative to the sections of walls considered 21, 22 is expressed according to the formula 2d = L1.

However, the second longitudinal side face 5a of each element 1a is in the plane of the surface of the wall section considered 21, 22. Conventionally, when the construction comprising the walls 19, 20 of the invention is a closed building, the second longitudinal side face 5a of each chaining element 1a is intended to be at least partly oriented inside said building.

The shoulders 26a resulting from the shifts between the sections of walls considered 21, 22 and the first respectively longitudinal 4a and transverse faces 2 of each chaining element 1a form a plurality of plaster stops 26a, facilitating the installation of the coated on the conventional bricks 23 without overflowing on the chaining elements 1a which play an important aesthetic role, in particular when the stack 17a is produced as a bag. These shoulders 26a thus avoid the use of additional tools used for carrying out a laying of clean plaster, such tools being for example rods of plaster angles which may or may not be removable, acting as abutments for coating. Of course, these shoulders 26a all have the same depth.

Advantageously, the edge 15a connecting the first longitudinal side face 4a and the second transverse lateral face 3a, as well as the edge 14 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 and the second longitudinal side face 5a are preferably chamfered over a width of the order of fifteen millimeters.

In addition to an obvious aesthetic aspect, the chamfered edges 14, 15a make it possible to control the thickness of the coating to be spread on the wall sections 21, 22. Indeed, the coating is affixed in thickness on the pan of wall considered 21, 22 to the edge of the chamfered edge considered 14, 15a of the chaining element considered 1a. Thus, the width L of the chaining element 1a of the invention is equivalent to the sum of the width I of the conventional brick 23, the thickness of the coating and the depth of the chamfer 14, 15a. preferably, the thickness of the coating is of the order of five to twenty millimeters, preferably fifteen millimeters, and the depth of the chamfer of the order of five to twenty millimeters.

Preferably, and for reasons of aesthetic homogeneity, the edge 13 connecting the first longitudinal side 4a and transverse faces 2 is also chamfered.

As specified above in the description, the vertical stack 18 can also be produced at the edge of the bay 29, 30. In this case, all of the elements 1a are stacked on top of each other, all being oriented in the same direction. direction, that is to say so that their respective longitudinal axes 7 are oriented in the plane of the corresponding wall section 21.

According to a second variant of the first embodiment and with reference to FIG. 1c, the chaining element 1a ’can have a general shape of a cubic block or any other suitable shape. The other technical characteristics relating to the first variant 1a of the first embodiment are also included in this second variant 1a '.

Thus, by making a vertical stack 18 at the edges of bays 29, 30 with an alternation of cubic chaining elements 1a 'and rectangular rectangular 1a has an aesthetic reminiscent of the provision in the bag of a vertical stack 17a forming the corner of two walls 19, 20.

Advantageously, it is possible to cover the lintel of the bay in question, and possibly the shuttering of a rolling shutter, a facing plate 27 having a thickness identical to the depth of the shoulders forming the stops of coating 26a. This facing plate 27, in addition to its aesthetic role, also includes a coating stop like the shoulders 26a described above.

Referring to Figures 2a to 2c, a second embodiment of the chaining element 1b will be described.

The chaining element 1b comprises a first disbursement 9 formed in a wall of the element at the first longitudinal side face 4b. In addition, this disbursement 9 is carried out at least partially in a first portion 10b of the element which is opposite, relative to the median transverse axis.

8, to a second portion 11 of the element 1b comprising the through hole 6. Preferably but not limited to, the second portion 11 of the chaining element 1b has a generally cubic shape.

As shown in Figure 2a, the first portion 9 of the chaining element 1b has a width I equivalent to that of conventional bricks 23. In fact, once the stack in the bag 17b made with the chaining elements 1b according to this second embodiment, the lateral face 17 of this first portion 9 is in the same plane as the rest of the wall section considered 21, 22.

The shoulder 26b generated by this disbursement 9 then forms the coating stop 26b, and has the same characteristics and advantages as the shoulder 26a described above. The coating 28 placed on the wall section considered 21, 22 therefore covers, in the context of this second embodiment of the element 1b, the lateral face 17 of the first disbursed portion 9 of the chaining element 1b, as seen in Figure 2c. This particular configuration thus makes it possible to obtain plaster stops 26b vertically aligned when the chaining elements 1b are stacked in a bag, which further facilitates the laying of the plaster 28. In addition, this configuration of the vertical stack 17b has a different aesthetic compared to the vertical stack 17a.

Advantageously, the edge 15b connecting the transverse lateral face 4b of the second portion 11 the shoulder 26b is chamfered to ensure, beyond its aesthetic role, optimal control of the thickness of coating 28 to be laid on the wall section considered 21, 22. Furthermore, like the first embodiment of the chaining element 1a, the edge 13 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 to the first longitudinal lateral face 4b and l the edge 14 connecting the first transverse lateral face 2 to the second longitudinal lateral face 5b are also chamfered.

With reference to Figures 3a and 3b, a third embodiment of the chaining element 1c will be described.

In this third embodiment, the chaining element 1c includes the same characteristics as the chaining element of the second embodiment 1b, and further comprises a second disbursement 12 formed over a depth of the order of twenty to thirty millimeters in a wall at the second longitudinal side face 5c and in the same first portion 9c of the linking element 1c. Thus, like the chaining element 1b of the second embodiment, the second portion 11 comprising the through hole 6 of the chaining element 1c according to the third embodiment is preferably cubic. In addition, the offset of the orifice 6 is identical to that of the orifices 6 of the respective chaining elements 1a, 1b of the first and second embodiments.

This third embodiment is of particular interest when the walls 19, 20 incorporating the chaining elements 1c are the walls of a construction of the closed building type. Thus, the second disbursement 12 of each chaining element 1c of a vertical stack 17c forming the corner of two walls 19, 20 (FIG. 3b) is intended to be exposed inside the building.

The thermal resistance of the chaining elements 1a - 1c of the invention is of the order of 0.55 M ² .K / W, which is less than the thermal resistance of conventional bricks 23. Thus to improve the thermal resistance of the chaining element 1c, a rigid thermal insulating plate, for example of cork or polystyrene and whose height and width are identical to those of the second disbursement 12, is then introduced into each second disbursement 12 of the vertical stack considered 17c, to improve the comfort and the thermal performance of the element 1c and of the building.

In addition, the thickness of each insulating plate is identical to the depth of the second disbursement considered 12, so that the face of the insulating plate is in the same plane as the interior surface of the wall section considered 21, 22. This will subsequently facilitate the installation of the interior coating on the walls 19, 20, and will avoid the creation of any roughness on the surface of this interior coating.

The embodiment described above is by no means limiting, and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the chaining element of the invention may include only the second disbursement 12.

Claims (13)

1. Building element (1a, 1b, 1c) of the brick, concrete block or stone block type having in section a general shape of a right quadrilateral and comprising two lateral lateral faces (2, 3a - 3c) and two longitudinal lateral faces (4a - 4c, 5a - 5c), characterized in that the construction element forms a chaining element which comprises at least one through hole (6) intended to receive a vertical chaining of the metal frame type, the four lateral faces (2, 3a - 3c, 4a - 4c, 5a - 5c) of the chaining element each extending in a plane parallel to the axis (X) of the through orifice (6). 2. Construction element (1a - 1c) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the through orifice (6) is offset with respect to the two axes respectively longitudinal (7) and median transverse (8) of the construction element (1a - 1c), the two distances (Du, Dit) separating the axis (X) of said through orifice (6) respectively of two adjacent lateral faces (2, 4a - 4c) of the element (1a - 1c) being equal. 3. Construction element (1a - 1c) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the through orifice (6) is offset from the longitudinal axis (7) of the element by a value between three and fifteen percent of the width of said building element (1a - 1c). 4. Construction element (1b, 1c) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it has a first disbursement (9, 9c) formed in a wall of the element at one of its longitudinal side faces (4b - 4c). 5. Construction element (1b, 1c) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the first disbursement (9, 9c) is carried out at least in part in a first portion (10b, 10c) of the element which is opposed by relative to the median transverse axis (8) to a second portion (11) of the element comprising the through orifice (6). 6. building element (1c) according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it has a second disbursement (12) formed in a wall of the element at the opposite longitudinal side face (5c) and at least in part in the same first portion (10b, 10c) of the building element (1c). 7. Construction element (1a - 1c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the edges (13, 14, 15a - 15c) of the element (1a - 1c) s extending parallel to the axis (X) of the through hole (6) is chamfered, and preferably three of the edges (13, 14, 15a - 15c) of the element (1a - 1c) extending parallel to the 'axis (X) of the through hole (6) are chamfered. 8. Construction element (1a - 1c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the element (1a - 1c) has a general shape of straight paving stone, and in that at least its upper faces ( 16) and lower are rectified, so that said faces are parallel. 9. Construction element (1a - 1c) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that its length, width and height are respectively of the order of five hundred millimeters, two hundred and eighty millimeters and two hundred and forty -nine millimeters, and in that it has a mechanical resistance to compression of the order of eighty N / mm ² . 10. Set of two adjacent walls (19, 20) comprising two sections of walls (21, 22) each formed by a stack of unit construction pieces (23) of the brick, block or concrete block type, extending respectively in two planes perpendicular and whose corner is formed by a vertical stack (17) composed of a plurality of construction elements (1a - 1c) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the transverse orifices (6) of the elements ( 1a - 1c) being aligned to form a cylindrical recess over the entire height of the stack (17a - 17c, 18). 11. An assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the construction elements (1a - 1c) of the vertical stack have a general shape of rectangular block and are stacked in a wallet to form the corner (17a - 17c) of the two sections of walls (21, 22), so that the longitudinal axes (8) of the stacked elements (1a - 1c) are oriented alternately in the plane of one and the other of the sections of walls (21, 22). 12. An assembly according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the through orifice (6) of each construction element (1a - 1c) of the vertical stack (17a - 17c) is offset from the longitudinal axis of the element under consideration (1a - 1c) of a value expressed according to the formula (Ll) / 2, where L and I respectively represent the width of the construction elements (1a - 1c) and the width of the other unitary parts of construction (23) of the wall sections (21, 22), the longitudinal planes (24, 25) of the two wall sections (21, 22) crossing at the level of the axis (X) of the cylindrical recess of the vertical stack (17a - 17c). 13. Assembly according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the two adjacent lateral faces (2, 4a - 4c) of each construction element (1a - 1c) forming the external part of the corner protrude at least partly from the sides of respective walls (21, 22) of a distance between ten and forty millimeters.