ES2537030T3 - Productos de tejidos derivados de animales que carecen de cualquier expresión de alfa-1,3-galactosiltransferasa funcional - Google Patents
Productos de tejidos derivados de animales que carecen de cualquier expresión de alfa-1,3-galactosiltransferasa funcional Download PDFInfo
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- ES2537030T3 ES2537030T3 ES05732639.9T ES05732639T ES2537030T3 ES 2537030 T3 ES2537030 T3 ES 2537030T3 ES 05732639 T ES05732639 T ES 05732639T ES 2537030 T3 ES2537030 T3 ES 2537030T3
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- galactosyltransferase
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Classifications
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- A61L27/3683—Materials for grafts or prostheses or for coating grafts or prostheses containing ingredients of undetermined constitution or reaction products thereof, e.g. transplant tissue, natural bone, extracellular matrix subjected to a specific treatment prior to implantation, e.g. decellularising, demineralising, grinding, cellular disruption/non-collagenous protein removal, anti-calcification, crosslinking, supercritical fluid extraction, enzyme treatment
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract
Un dispositivo protésico que es un andamiaje que comprende componentes de la matriz extracelular obtenidos de tejido de un animal no humano que carece de cualquier expresión funcional de alfa-1,3-galactosiltransferasa.
Description
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(descelularización) dejando atrás solo una matriz acelular o andamiaje para su uso en la reparación y remodelación de tejido, además de, opcionalmente, tratamientos para la reticularización y esterilización. En una realización particular se proporciona cualquier tejido duro o blando descelularizado que se deriva de los animales desvelados en el presente documento. En una realización se proporciona tejido dérmico blando descelularizado. En otra realización se proporciona tejido submucoso descelularizado. En otra realización, tal material descelularizado puede ser menos inmunogénico. En otras realizaciones, tales tejidos descelularizados pueden usarse como andamiaje o matriz para la reparación y/o reconstrucción de partes particulares del cuerpo humano. En una realización, el tejido descelularizado puede usarse para la reparación de los siguientes, que incluyen, pero no se limitan a, hernia, pared abdominal, manguito de los rotadores, cirugía cosmética o cualquier otro defecto de tejido blando conocido para un experto en la materia o desvelado en el presente documento. En realizaciones particulares, se proporciona material descelularizado submucoso y o dérmico.
En un aspecto de la presente invención, pueden obtenerse (recogerse) tejidos derivados de estos animales alfa-1,3-GT y a continuación procesarse adicionalmente para formar tejido descelularizado, para su uso como andamiajes. En una realización, el tejido puede someterse a un proceso de múltiples etapas que incluye, pero no se limita a, tratar el tejido con una disolución estabilizante, un proceso de descelularización para eliminar células y cualquier componente de tejido antigénico restante, tratamiento enzimático, reticulación para mejorar la integridad estructural del tejido o para eliminar cualquier componente de tejido antigénico restante, esterilización para eliminar y/o inactivar virus nativo y/o métodos de preservación a largo plazo. En una realización, la disolución estabilizante puede contener un tampón apropiado, uno o más antioxidantes, uno o más agentes oncóticos, un antibiótico, y puede incluir uno o más inhibidores de la proteasa.
En otras realizaciones, el procesamiento de tejido para producir tejido descelularizado puede incluir, por ejemplo, eliminación de células que pueden conducir a rechazo de tejido y fracaso del injerto, sin dañar la matriz. El proceso de descelularización tiene la ventaja de hacer el tejido tan fuerte como el sintético, incluso más flexible, reteniendo características de tracción y funcionales, ayudando a prevenir adhesiones, reducida infección y rechazo del injerto, y promoviendo la remodelación del tejido del huésped de alrededor. En otras realizaciones, la descelularización puede llevarse a cabo usando varios tratamientos químicos, que incluyen incubación en ciertas sales, detergentes o enzimas, y/o proceso a vacío/presión. En una realización, el detergente puede ser Triton X-100 (Rohm and Haas Company of Philadelphia, Pa.). En una cierta realización, Triton X-100 elimina membranas celulares, véase, por ejemplo, la patente de EE.UU. nº 4.801.299. Otros detergentes descelularizantes incluyen, pero no se limitan a, mono-oleato de polioxietilen (20) sorbitano y mono-oleato de polioxietilen (80) sorbitano (Tween 20 y 80), desoxicolato de sodio, 3-[(3-cloramidopropil)-dimetilamino]-1-propano-sulfonato, octil-glucósido y/o dodecilsulfato de sodio, o cualquier otro detergente conocido para un experto en la materia En otra realización, pueden usarse enzimas para realizar la descelularización. En ciertas realizaciones, las enzimas pueden seleccionarse del grupo que incluye, pero no se limita a, dispasa II, tripsina y/o termolisina, o cualquier otra enzima conocida para un experto en la materia. Estas enzimas pueden reaccionar con diferentes componentes de colágeno y conexiones intercelulares. Por ejemplo, la dispasa II puede atacar el colágeno tipo IV, que es un componente de la lámina densa y anclar fibrillas de la membrana basal. En otro ejemplo, la termolisina puede atacar el antígeno del penfigoide ampolloso en el hemidesmosoma de la capa basal de queratinocitos. En otro ejemplo, la tripsina puede atacar el complejo de desmosoma entre células.
En realizaciones adicionales o alternativas, el xenoinjerto descelularizado puede exponerse a un agente químico para curar o reticular las proteínas dentro de las proteínas extracelulares, para disminuir o reducir adicionalmente los determinantes inmunogénicos presentes en el xenoinjerto. Puede usarse cualquier agente de curado o reticulación para este tratamiento, y puede realizarse más de una etapa de reticulación o puede usarse más de un agente de reticulación con el fin de garantizar la reticulación completa y así reducir óptimamente la inmunogenicidad del xenoinjerto. Por ejemplo, pueden usarse aldehídos tales como glutaraldehído, formaldehído, dialdehído adípico y similares para reticular el colágeno extracelular. Otros agentes de reticulación adecuados incluyen diaminas alifáticas y aromáticas, carbodiimidas, diisocianatos y similares. Alternativamente, el xenoinjerto puede exponerse a un agente de reticulación en una forma de vapor, que incluye, pero no se limita a, un agente de reticulación de aldehído vaporizado, tal como, por ejemplo, formaldehído vaporizado. La reacción de reticulación debe continuar hasta que los determinantes inmunogénicos se eliminen sustancialmente del tejido xenógeno, pero la reacción debe terminarse antes de las alteraciones significativas de las propiedades mecánicas del xenoinjerto. Los agentes de reticulación pueden ser cualquier agente conocido para un experto en la materia o descrito en el presente documento.
En ciertas realizaciones, el material de matriz derivado de tal tejido blando puede usarse para formar un andamiaje o dispositivo protésico. El material de matriz puede convertirse en una matriz de volumen poroso seca, una porción de la cual puede estar opcionalmente reticulada. La matriz porosa del dispositivo protésico fomenta el crecimiento hacia adentro de células, tales como fibrocondrocitos meniscales, células endoteliales, fibroblastos y otras células que normalmente ocupan la matriz extracelular, además de sintetizar y depositar componentes de la matriz extracelular. Las fibras de la matriz extracelular, tales como colágeno, elastina, reticulina, análogos de los mismos y mezclas de los mismos, pueden añadirse al material de matriz. Estas fibras también pueden obtenerse de animales que carecen de cualquier expresión funcional de alfa-1,3-gal. En una realización, las fibras pueden orientarse aleatoriamente en toda la matriz. Alternativamente, las fibras pueden adoptar la orientación que se extiende sustancialmente
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Hay 3 aminoácidos por giro de la hélice y cada tercer aminoácido es una guanina. Los colágenos también son ricos en prolina e hidroxiprolina. Los anillos de pirrolidona voluminosos de la prolina residen en el exterior de la hélice triple. Las interacciones laterales de hélices triples de colágenos producen la formación de fibrillas de aproximadamente 50 nm de diámetro. El empaquetamiento del colágeno es tal que moléculas adyacentes estén desplazadas aproximadamente 1/4 de su longitud (67 nm). Esta matriz escalonada produce un efecto estriado que puede observarse en el microscopio electrónico.
Los colágenos se sintetizan como proteínas precursoras más largas llamadas procolágenos. El procolágeno de tipo I contiene 150 aminoácidos adicionales en el extremo N y 250 en el extremo C. Estos pro-dominios son globulares y forman múltiples enlaces disulfuro entre las cadenas. Los disulfuros estabilizan la proproteína permitiendo que se forme la triple sección helicoidal. Las fibras de colágeno empiezan pareciéndose en el retículo endoplásmico (ER) y los complejos de Golgi. Se elimina la secuencia señal y tienen lugar numerosas modificaciones en las cadenas de colágeno. Pueden hidroxilarse residuos de prolina específicos por prolil 4-hidroxilasa y prolil 3-hidroxilasa. Residuos de lisina específicos también están hidroxilados por lisil hidroxilasa. Las prolil hidroxilasas dependen de la vitamina C como co-factor. Las glucosilaciones del tipo enlazadas en O también se producen durante el tránsito de Golgi. Tras completarse el procesamiento, los procolágenos son secretados en el espacio extracelular en el que las enzimas extracelulares eliminan los pro-dominios. Entonces, las moléculas de colágeno se polimerizan para formar fibrillas de colágeno. La formación de fibrillas concomitante es la oxidación de ciertos residuos de lisina por la enzima extracelular lisil oxidasa que forma aldehídos reactivos. Estos aldehídos reactivos forman reticulaciones específicas entre dos cadenas, estabilizando así la matriz escalonada de los colágenos en la fibrilla.
Tabla 2: Tipos de colágeno
- Tipos
- Cadena de composición Detalles estructurales Localización
- I
- 300nm, 67nm fibrillas en bandas Piel,tendón, hueso etc.
- II
- 300nm, 67nm pequeñas fibrillas Cartílago, humor vítreo
- III
-
imagen17 300nm, 67nm pequeñas fibrillas Piel, músculo, frecuentemente con tipo I
- IV
- 390nm C-termino de dominio globular, nofibrilar Toda lámina basal
- V
- 390nm N-termino de dominio globular, pequeñas fibras Mayor tejido intersticial asoc. Con tipo I
- VI
-
imagen17 150nm, N+C termimos. dominios globulares, microfibrillas, 100nm fibrillas en bandas Mayor tejido intersticial asoc. Con tipo I
- VII
-
imagen17 450nm, dímero Epidelia
- VIII
- ----------- Algunas células edotiliales
- IX
- 200nm, N-termino. Dominio globular, Proteoglicano ligado Cartilage asoc. Con tipo I
- X
- 150nm, C-termino. Dominio globular Cartílago hipertófico y mineralizado
- XI
- 300nm, pequeñas fibras Cartílago
- XII
- ----------- Interactua con tipos I y II
La función de las fibronectinas es unir las células a una variedad de matrices extracelulares. La fibronectina une células a todas las matrices, excepto al tipo IV, que implica la laminina como la molécula adhesiva. Las fibronectinas son dímeros de 2 péptidos similares. Cada cadena tiene aproximadamente 60-70 nm de longitud y 2-3 nm de espesor. Se han identificado al menos 20 cadenas de fibronectina diferentes que se producen por corte y empalme de ADN alternativo del transcrito primario a partir de un único gen de fibronectina. Las fibronectinas contienen al menos 6 dominios estrechamente plegados cada uno con una alta afinidad por un sustrato diferente tal como sulfato de heparán, colágeno (dominios separados para los tipos I, II y III), fibrina y receptores de la superficie celular. El dominio de unión a receptores de la superficie celular contiene una secuencia de aminoácidos consenso, RGDS.
Todas las láminas basales contienen un conjunto común de proteínas y GAG. Éstas son colágeno de tipo IV, proteoglicanos de sulfato de heparano, entactina y laminina. La lámina basal se denomina frecuentemente la matriz de tipo IV. Cada uno de los componentes de la lámina basal se sintetiza por las células que descansan sobre ella. La laminina ancla superficies celulares a la lámina basal.
En una realización, cualquiera de los componentes de la ECM o combinaciones de los mismos descritos anteriormente puede usarse para formar un andamiaje, que puede usarse como dispositivo protésico. El andamiaje derivado de la ECM puede producirse alternativamente por tratamiento mecánico, químico o enzimático de tejido de
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aplicaciones de injerto de tejido. En una realización, por ejemplo, para su uso en aplicaciones de injerto de tejido no vascular, el material de injerto tubular puede cortarse longitudinalmente y estirarse para formar un “parche” de tejido. En otra realización, puede llevarse a cabo deslaminación de tejido sobre “parches” de tejido, tal como tejido intestinal, preparado cortando el segmento intestinal longitudinalmente y “desenrollándolo” para formar un parche de pre-injerto. Pueden utilizarse parches de tejido de injerto preparado, por ejemplo, como material de injerto de piel, para la reparación de duramadre, o para la reparación de otros defectos de tejido del cuerpo que se prestan a aplicación quirúrgica de un parche de injerto de tejido que tiene las características físicas y funcionales de la presente composición de injerto.
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- Tabla 6: Aplicaciones / Usos de tejidos recolectados de animales que carecen de cualquier expresión de alfa-1,3-GT
- Tejido dérmico, cellularized o de-cellularized Aplicaciones: Hernia Reparación de la pared abdominal Reparación del manguito de los rotadores Eslingas para tratar la incontinencia urinaria La cirugía estética incluyendo la reconstrucción del seno, defectos faciales, labio reconstrucción del párpado injertos espaciadores, reparación cicatriz deprimida, Burns, el reemplazo de la piel injertos de mucosa pliegues nasolabiales repavimentación Oral parotidectomía Rinoplastia Reparación de una perforación septal Vendaje para heridas Temporal la cobertura de la herida Timpanoplastia vestibuloplastia Otros defectos de tejidos blandos Tejido dérmico se puede combinar con los siguientes materiales adicionales: Los factores de crecimiento para facilitar la curación más rápida, el reclutamiento de células (andamio), en combinación para promover la hemostasia Anti-cicatrización (fibrinógeno, fibrina 1)
- Hueso Aplicaciones: El uso en la fractura y pequeña reparación de defectos del esqueleto óseo y defectos, lagunas en hueso, reparación de la médula, la reconstrucción maxilofacial, los implantes dentales pasta tapones óseos implantes de hueso patatas fritas Tornillos Anillos (húmero, peroné, cuña de mecanizado) Espigas (unicortical, clavija cortical roscada,) Blocks (bloques ilíaca tricortical, bloque unicortical, bloque bicortical, bloque de esponjoso) Cuñas (cuña cortical, cuña cortical rotuliano) tiras moldeables los chips de esponjosa
- polvo fusiones Vetebral ejes femorales Ejes femorales Hemi ejes del peroné ejes de húmero ejes tibiales
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(continua)
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- Hueso Ilión franja tricordical Tiras corticales esponjosos tiras corticales Injertos intercalares incluyendo cabeza femoral con o sin cartílago, total o parcial fémur, proximal o distal del fémur, proximal o distal tibia Los chips de esponjosa corticales El reemplazo total de la articulación La matriz ósea desmineralizada Bloque cortical lordotico El tejido óseo se puede combinar con ANV de los siguientes materiales adicionales: Los factores de crecimiento (BMP) para la reparación de fracturas no sindicalizados Gelatina porcina como una matriz de suministro
- Ligamentos / tendones Aplicaciones: Reparación del LCA / reemplazo Reparación PCL / reemplazo Tendón rotuliano incluyendo hueso Tendón tibial posterior Tendón tibial anterior Semitendonosis tendón gracilis tendón
- Válvulas del corazón Aplicaciones/Tipos: Reparación / reemplazo válvula aórtica la válvula pulmonar Plumonicpatch Aorta torácica descendente Conducto no valvular aórtica Conducto no válvula pulmonar con LPA y el EPR / Pulmonar izquierda Hemi-arteria derecha con o sin cúspide intacta vena safena aortoilíaco vena femoral arteria femoral Las válvulas del corazón se pueden combinar con cualquiera de los siguientes materiales adicionales: El uso de un material de anillo para la inserción quirúrgica
- Núcleo pulposa Aplicaciones Reparación intervertebral / reemplazo El cartílago (células) Aplicaciones El cartílago de reemplazo (sustitución o como un andamio para promover nuevo crecimiento del cartílago). El cartílago se puede combinar con cualquiera de los siguientes materiales adicionales: Los factores de crecimiento para promover la infiltración celular
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- Menisco Aplicaciones: Reparación / reemplazo Menisco lateral con el puente de hueso Medial del menisco con el puente de hueso Menisco se puede combinar con cualquiera de los siguientes materiales adicionales: Plástico o metales para facilitar la implantación
- Vasos sanguíneos Aplicaciones: Sustitución / reparación de los vasos sanguíneos, con exclusión de aquellos vasos sanguíneos asociado con, o una parte integral de, órganos enteros para el trasplante. La sustitución de la arteria carótida / reparación
- Pericardio Aplicaciones: Parche utilizado en procedimientos quirúrgicos cuando se necesita la regeneración de tejidos; funciona como una barrera de protección y estabilización en una combinación de sitio quirúrgico de otros materiales: Los factores de crecimiento para facilitar la curación más rápida, el reclutamiento de células (andamio), en combinación para promover la hemostasia Anti-cicatrización (fibrinógeno, fibrina 1)
- Submucosa del intestino delgado Aplicaciones: reparación del manguito de los rotadores hernia reparación de la pared abdominal eslingas para tratar la incontinencia urinaria quemaduras reemplazo de la piel cirugía estética incluyendo la reconstrucción del seno, defectos faciales, la reconstrucción de labios, párpados injertos espaciadores, deprimido la reparación de la cicatriz, injertos mucosos, pliegues nasolavial, repavimentación oral, parotidectomía, reparación perforación septal, rinoplastia apósito para heridas temporal, la cobertura de heridas timpanoplastia vestibuloplastia otros defectos de tejidos blandos
- injertos vasculares, incluyendo venosa, arterial o capilar
- Otros tejidos blandos OTA de cuña para corregir valgo y varo desalineación Fascia utiliza para corregir la incontinencia urinaria
28
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- 2005-03-17 NZ NZ549953A patent/NZ549953A/en unknown
- 2005-03-17 DK DK05732639T patent/DK1734814T3/en active
- 2005-03-17 JP JP2007504086A patent/JP2007529278A/ja not_active Withdrawn
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- 2005-03-17 EP EP11186264.5A patent/EP2433492B1/en active Active
- 2005-03-17 CA CA002559720A patent/CA2559720A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-17 ES ES11186264.5T patent/ES2680569T3/es active Active
- 2005-03-17 EP EP05732639.9A patent/EP1734814B1/en active Active
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- 2005-03-17 US US11/083,393 patent/US8106251B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-03-17 ES ES05732639.9T patent/ES2537030T3/es active Active
- 2005-03-17 KR KR1020067021553A patent/KR20070002057A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2005-03-17 AU AU2005223617A patent/AU2005223617A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2005-03-17 CN CN201410524876.6A patent/CN104721883A/zh active Pending
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN104721883A (zh) | 2015-06-24 |
JP2016105861A (ja) | 2016-06-16 |
HK1096555A1 (en) | 2007-06-08 |
US20150182664A1 (en) | 2015-07-02 |
CA2559720A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
ES2680569T3 (es) | 2018-09-10 |
AU2005223617A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
US20050260176A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
US20120282226A1 (en) | 2012-11-08 |
WO2005089411A2 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
DK1734814T3 (en) | 2015-04-07 |
KR20070002057A (ko) | 2007-01-04 |
EP2433492B1 (en) | 2018-04-25 |
CA2857051A1 (en) | 2005-09-29 |
WO2005089411A3 (en) | 2005-12-08 |
JP2013215615A (ja) | 2013-10-24 |
US10130737B2 (en) | 2018-11-20 |
EP2433492A1 (en) | 2012-03-28 |
AU2010200421A1 (en) | 2010-02-25 |
JP2020036923A (ja) | 2020-03-12 |
EP1734814B1 (en) | 2015-01-21 |
US8106251B2 (en) | 2012-01-31 |
EP1734814A2 (en) | 2006-12-27 |
US20190111180A1 (en) | 2019-04-18 |
JP2007529278A (ja) | 2007-10-25 |
AU2010200421B2 (en) | 2012-02-16 |
US10912863B2 (en) | 2021-02-09 |
EP1734814A4 (en) | 2009-08-26 |
NZ549953A (en) | 2010-11-26 |
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