ES2362535T3 - PROTECTION AND ACCESS DEVICE. - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a protection and access arrangement (10) for protecting workers and for allowing access, in particular during the construction of building floors (12), comprising at least two vertical profiles (14), a work platform (16) which is attached directly or indirectly to the profiles (14) in an upper region and which serves as an access to a building floor (12.1) to be constructed, and a covering (18) attached directly or indirectly to the vertical profiles (14), wherein the vertical profiles (14) are guided by means of cantilever beams (20) which can be attached to existing building floors (12.2), and wherein at least one removable drive (22) is provided in order to raise the arrangement (10).

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to a protection and access device for the protection of workers and to enable access, in particular when lifting building roofs, with several vertical profiles and a work platform placed directly or indirectly on the profiles.

Protection and access devices of this type are used when lifting construction sites, to ensure the external area of construction sites not yet equipped with a facade and to provide an access union between adjacent floors of the construction site.

State of the art

A protection and access device of the type mentioned at the beginning is disclosed for example in WO 01/53630. This has vertical beams, which in each case are fixed by rotating arms to several building roofs. In vertical beams, cover panels are arranged to provide a temporary facade. In addition, work platforms can also be arranged between building roofs. The device is raised by steps from one floor to another, the beams being guided during the lift through the rotating arms.

However, it has been shown that the step elevation of the device is related to a great effort, since for this purpose adequate lifting means, such as cranes or the like, must always be available. This affects in particular in the case of high construction works the entire development of the work or requires a greater capacity of lifting means. In addition, the device disclosed in WO 01/53630 is limited to providing protection and access for existing building sections.

US 4,962,828 discloses a protection and access device with two planes of vertical profiles (internal and external) as well as a functional third plane (chain). To enable the alternate ascent from one plane to another the vertical profiles are guided into each other. For the vertical movement of either the internal profile or the external profile, a hydraulic drive is provided, the lower loading arm of which is welded or fixedly connected with the internal vertical profile. The construction of the three functional planes is complex and also has the disadvantage that the device has a rather deep construction form.

In addition, US 5,161,641 discloses a safety net, which is placed through guide rails in a movable manner in buildings.

Finally, WO 2004/020766 A1 refers to a protection screen that has vertical profiles, which are guided in cantilever beams and can be raised through a drive that goes from one side to another.

Exhibition of the invention

The objective of the present invention is to provide a protection and access device of the type mentioned at the beginning that also confers protection and access for building sections that are still to be lifted and allows for simple and fast operation.

This objective is solved according to the invention through a protection and access device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous improvements of the invention are indicated in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea of expanding the scope of a protection and access device of the type mentioned at the beginning and making it more independent. For this purpose it is provided according to the invention, that the work platform be placed in a superior area directly or indirectly in the vertical profiles, all preferably being located in a single plane parallel to the contour of the building. In particular, in the case of the protection and access device according to the invention it may be sufficient to provide only two vertical profiles, which advantageously define a single plane of vertical profiles. Through the work platform the device according to the invention can fulfill not only a protection and access function for existing construction work sections but also offer a work base for construction work sections that are still to be erected. Thus, the device according to the invention makes it possible, through the work platform placed in the upper area in the vertical profiles, for example, to safely carry out work on an already fitted building roof, although not yet concreted. In addition, the protection and access device also offers with its cover protection during the construction of a formwork for the roof of the building that is going to be raised, and specifically on the one hand protection against a fall, and on the other hand protection against meteorological influences (wind, heat, cold) and noise.

Vertical profiles are guided through cantilever beams, which can be placed on existing building roofs. In particular, advantageously, all existing vertical profiles can be guided in cantilever beams, which indicates the fact that only a vertical profile plane can be advantageously provided, and that no frame or the like is necessary with an additional plane of vertical profiles for guiding the vertical profiles of the protection and access device. A cantilever beam means a fixed or suspended bar on one side, which in the case of the present invention protrudes largely horizontally from the building and at whose end the vertical profiles are guided, preferably directly.

In addition, the removable drive with respect to the device according to the invention enables a rapid and uneven lifting of the vertical profiles with the construction elements placed therein from one floor to the next, without affecting the remaining operation of the work. This has proved to be especially advantageous when advancing vertical profiles in an area of the construction site that is still going to be lifted, since in this case the use of independent lifting means can not only be complicated, but can also be dangerous , since the suspension of lifting hooks or the like should be carried out in an (upper) area of the vertical profiles, in which there is not yet a section of secured construction work.

Although the removable drive within the framework of the present invention may be arranged in different locations of the device, it has proved advantageous according to an improvement of the invention that the drive can be placed between a cantilever beam and a vertical profile. In this way, a particularly direct transmission of forces is obtained with reduced lever arms and stable support for the drive.

According to an improvement of the present invention, at least one cantilever beam and / or at least one drive has a freewheel mechanism, in particular at least one gravity ratchet. However, instead of a gravity ratchet, for example a spring preloaded ratchet or other suitable freewheel mechanism can also be used. The freewheel mechanism is designed to engage with suitable sections in at least one vertical profile, so that the corresponding profile can only move in one direction (upwards). In the case of a gravity ratchet the corresponding profile rests in the state without movement on the gravity ratchet, although in the case of an advance of the respective profile without manual actuation of the gravity ratchet it can be passed through it, then rest again on the gravity ratchet (through another hitch section). In other words, the freewheel mechanism allows a corresponding vertical profile to be automatically secured in a cantilever beam and / or a drive. Thus, in the device according to the invention also in the case of an advance of the vertical profiles, work can be carried out below the device, which is not possible in the case of known devices. Furthermore, the freewheel mechanism makes it possible in the at least one cantilever beam and / or in the at least one drive a continuous adaptation of the device according to the invention at different floor heights.

In view of the design of the hitch section that acts in conjunction with the freewheel mechanism or the at least one gravity ratchet it is provided according to an improvement of the present invention that at least one vertical profile has several projections and / or recesses, with Those who can catch the at least one gravity ratchet. These projections and / or recesses are designed according to the invention also in such a way that not only the at least one gravity ratchet, but also alternatively or additionally a section of a drive can be engaged with them. In this way, the projections and / or recesses in the at least one vertical profile fulfill a double function, specifically on the one hand ensuring the profiles in the state without movement, and on the other hand, during the advance of the profiles serve as a point of force action for a drive.

According to the invention, it is provided that the work platform is arranged on one side of the vertical profiles opposite to the cantilever beams. In this way it is possible that the device with the work platform can “climb” a still more embedded roof, without having to disassemble or fold the work platform. In the application it has proved advantageous that the vertical profiles arranged in a vertical plane are separated as far as possible from the building roofs. In this way it is possible to facilitate that the device "climbs" an embedded upper roof. In particular, there is no need to consider, for example, the "decoupling terms". For example, on the uppermost concrete ceiling, a guide shoe could be mounted on the concrete in comparison to the fresh, while on a roof located below, for example in the case of a construction with reinforcement with tension adjustment, the operation can be carried out. Working of hydraulic tensioning.

According to an improvement of the invention, at least two external vertical profiles and at least one central vertical profile are provided, at least one brace being arranged from the central vertical profile to at least one external vertical profile. In this way it is possible not to have to transmit loads (for example by own weight) to the center of a building roof, but to the edges of the building roof, where the walls or other reinforcements of the construction elements are found .

According to still an improvement of the present invention in at least one vertical profile, at least one diagonal support can be placed. Such a diagonal support has proved to be especially advantageous when the construction site to be erected only has a single plane (for example, the building roof), since then the vertical beams are guided by a cantilever beam plane and are stabilized by the at least one diagonal support. In this way the device can even be fastened, before a first building roof is concreted.

In order to adapt the device according to the invention as flexibly as possible to varying requirements, it is provided according to an improvement of the invention, that in at least one vertical profile a profile extension can be placed, preferably in a pivoted state and preferably with an extension of cover. In this way the device according to the invention can be adapted without problems to particularities of the development of the work or of the construction work to be erected.

The cantilever beams have the function of supporting and guiding the vertical profiles within the framework of the present invention. However, the cantilever beams according to an improvement of the invention can also be advantageously used to insert or apply a platform liner. In this way the invention provides an extension of the work field and an improved level of safety with minimal effort.

In order to be able to absorb without problems the tolerances that often appear in the construction works, it is provided according to an improvement of the present invention, that between at least one vertical profile and a guide in a cantilever beam a clearance is configured.

The cover adapted directly or indirectly to the vertical profiles can be designed within the framework of the present invention in the most different way possible. Thus, for example, it may be provided essentially covering the entire surface or only part of the surface. According to an improvement of the present invention it is further provided that the cover as such is permeable to air at least in sections.

Although the device according to the invention offers in principle the possibility of providing several work platforms, it has proved to be a particularly simple and yet advantageous principle in terms of development and safety reasons, which according to an improvement of the present invention except for The work platform planned in a higher zone does not exist additional work platforms.

An additional advantage of the protection and access device according to the invention is that it has an especially thin construction form and only slightly protrudes from the external contour of the construction site to be erected. This is achieved according to an improvement of the present invention in particular when, seen from above, the vertical profiles are on a single line, largely straight, polygonal or curved, which preferably is essentially adapted to the contour of the work of building.

Brief description of the drawings

Figure 1 schematically shows a top view and a front view of an embodiment of the protection and access device according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows a schematic side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1;

Figure 3 shows additional enlarged schematic side views of the embodiment shown in Figure 1; Y

Figure 4 shows an additional enlarged schematic side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A protection and access device 10 as a preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown schematically in Figure 1 in a top view and a front view. The protection and access device 10 serves to protect workers, for example when preparing a formwork 48 for a building roof to be lifted 12.1, and to allow access when lifting building roofs 12, although in principle it can also be used in other construction projects. The construction site used in the present embodiment by way of illustration has a series of building roofs already raised 12.2 as well as building roofs that are to be raised 12.1, which are supported with walls or supports 42. A In this regard, the construction elements shown between the walls or supports 42 in Figure 1 are described below as a unitary device 10, although the device may also be provided in a larger or smaller area of the building.

The device 10 shown in Figure 1 comprises two external vertical profiles 14.1 and two internal vertical profiles 14.2, which on their external side (ie the side opposite the building) support a cover 18. In the case of vertical profiles 14 it can be for example aluminum or steel profiles with an open or closed cross section.

The cover 18 is formed in the present embodiment by a plurality of perforated plates, which cover the external surface of the device 10 essentially completely and due to their perforation they are somewhat permeable to air and / or if necessary also allow to pass the light. However, it should be taken into account that the cover 18 within the framework of the present invention can also be formed by numerous small format elements, if necessary separated or few large format elements.

A work platform 16 is placed in an upper area of the vertical profiles 14, which is arranged in such a way that it provides workers with access to the roof of the building that is to be raised 12.1 and protects the workers during roof work of building that will rise 12.1 in front of a fall. In this regard, the work platform 16 is usually provided with a surface for standing 16.1 and a handrail 16.2. Furthermore, the work platform, as can be recognized in the best way in Figure 2, is arranged on one side of the vertical profiles 14 opposite to the building roofs 12.

As can be seen even better in Figure 2, the vertical profiles 14 are supported and guided on existing building roofs 12.2 through cantilever beams 20. In this respect the cantilever beams 20 should preferably be fixed on at least two roofs. of building located one above the other 12.2. However, at the beginning of the construction work it is also possible to fix the cantilever beams 20 only on a building roof 12.2 (or other support) and guarantee the stability of the vertical profiles 14 through diagonal or similar supports not shown with More detail in this case. The vertical beams 14 thus advantageously cover at least two existing building roofs 12.2 as well as a building roof that is to be lifted 12.1, although they can also be made longer or if necessary they can be lengthened through a profile extension not shown with more detail in this case with a corresponding cover extension, these extensions may be arranged, for example, pivotally in the vertical profiles 14.

The cantilever beams 20 are fixed in the present embodiment in each case by a cone 36 on the corresponding roof, advantageously being treated in the case of the cone 36 of a construction element that narrows upwards, which is concreted in the roof of in such a way that after use it can be separated from the ceiling and reused.

At its free end, the cantilever beams 20 have in each case a guide 40, which is designed to engage with drag in the profile of the vertical beams 14 and guide them vertically. In this regard, the guide 40 is designed with a certain clearance with respect to the vertical profile 14, in order to compensate for construction site tolerances. The guides 40 may be constructed in this respect in the simplest case such that the vertical beams can be "introduced and removed" in one direction. However, alternatively it is also possible to equip the guides 40 with a mechanism such that they can be engaged with the vertical beams at any point.

Additionally, the cantilever beams 20 can be used to insert or apply in the area between the external contour of the respective roofs 12 and the vertical profiles 14 or the cover 18 a platform liner 38 (Figure 1).

The device 10 according to the invention further comprises a removable drive 22 that can be recognized in the best way in Figure 3. In the case of the drive 22, a hydraulic cylinder with a retractable and extensible piston 22.1 is treated in the present embodiment. at which free end a lifting element 40.1 is provided with a freewheel mechanism in the form of a gravity ratchet 24. Also this lifting element 40.1 is movably engaged with the cross section of the vertical profile 14. In this respect the Vertical profile 14 on the lateral surface directed to the gravity ratchet 24 has a plurality of projections 26, with which the gravity ratchet 24 of the drive can be engaged. Similarly, the guide 40 provided at the free end of the respective cantilever beam 20 also has a gravity ratchet 24, which can be engaged with the respective projections 26 of the vertical profiles 14.

The drive 22, as can be recognized in Figure 3, is supported at its opposite end to the lifting element 40.1 on a cantilever beam 20 and extends essentially parallel to the vertical profile 14, so that a lever arm is obtained reduced. However, it is also possible to support the drive 22 directly on the roof of building 12.2 or at another suitable point.

In the context of the present invention, other units may also be used instead of the hydraulic cylinder as drive 22, which for example function electrically, electromechanically or pneumatically.

As can be best recognized in the front view in Figure 1, the device 10 further comprises two diagonally provided braces 28, which in each case run from a central vertical profile

14.2 to an external vertical profile 14.1 and thereby increase the stiffness of the protection and access device 10 according to the invention. This measure is especially advantageous when, as in the present embodiment, the protection and access device 10 is made in a thin manner and, seen in the view from above in Figure 1, the vertical profiles 14 are on a single line , largely straight, polygonal or curved, which preferably is essentially adapted to the contour of the construction site and in Figure 1 it is designated with "L".

The operation of the device 10 according to the invention is described below. First, the cantilever beams 20 are fixed on two finished building roofs, located one above the other 12.2 through the anchor cones 36.

A lifting means, such as a crane, are now used once to hang a unit of vertical profiles 14, deck 18 and work platform 16 on the guides 40 of the cantilever beams 20, the projections 26 of the profiles being located vertical 14 on the gravity ratchets 24 and supporting the vertical profiles 14 in the vertical direction. In this respect, the vertical profiles 14 are arranged in such a way that the work platform 16 is located in the area of a building roof that is to be raised 12.1 (Figure 2). In this state the device 10 in the existing building roofs 12.2 serves as protection for the workers and specifically both against a fall and also against external influences, such as wind, sun, humidity as well as against objects that fall from above. In addition, work platform 16 offers protection and access for workers in the area of the roof of the building to be erected 12.1.

Once the building roof 12.1 is finished and hardened to a certain sufficient extent (the concrete may not have reached its nominal strength yet), additional cantilever beams 20 are fixed in the area of the upper building roof through the cones of anchor 36, the guides 40 engaging with the gravity ratchets 24 with the vertical profiles and from this moment also serving as supports.

When the following building roof is to be lifted or when the protection and access device 10 is no longer required in the lower zone, the vertical beams 14 are moved up along the guides 40 a floor level. For this, at least one drive 22 is fixed on a cantilever beam 20 and is engaged with the corresponding vertical profile 14 through the lifting element 40.1 and the gravity ratchet 24 (see the right drawing in Figure 3). Next, the piston 22.1 of the drive 22 is extended, so that the vertical beam 14 together with the remaining vertical beams 14, the cover 18 and the work platform 16 moves the lifting path of the piston 22. upwards. the protrusions 26 slide through the gravity ratchet 24 of the guide 40.

Then the piston 22.1 is retracted again, the corresponding projections 26 of the vertical beams 14 being placed on the gravity ratchet 24 of the guide 40 and the gravity ratchet 24 of the lifting element 40.1 sliding down the corresponding projections 26. This operation of The lift is repeated until the vertical beams 14 and therefore, the work platform 16 has reached the desired position, in which the work platform 16 offers protection and access for the next building roof to be lifted 12.1. The drive 22 can now be in the place shown in Figure 3, or it can also be used if necessary in another device 10, if necessary move it.

A further aspect of the present invention is shown in Figure 4, which illustrates an additional enlarged schematic side view of the embodiment shown in Figure 1. As can be recognized in Figure 4, the vertical beams 14 are equipped in their lower area with a rotating arm 44, which is arranged in such a way that by moving upward the vertical beams 14 can be caught in the intermediate space between adjacent cantilever beams 20. In this way, the device when moving the vertical beams 14 upwards can automatically "drag" platform liners 38, so that the platform liners 38 do not have to be dangerously picked up by the work personnel, especially because when climbing the vertical beams 14, on the floor that is thus free as a general rule and for safety reasons there should already be a handrail 46, which would additionally make it difficult to manually collect the platform coverings 38. On the other hand, the platform coverings 38 they can be lifted through the rotating arms 44 to a position above the railing 46, where they can be safely and securely engaged by the personnel.

Claims (13)

1. Protection and access device (10) for the protection of workers and to enable access, with: -at least two vertical profiles (14), -a cover (18) placed directly or indirectly on the vertical profiles (14), - at least one removable drive (22) is provided, to raise the device (10), and - the vertical profiles (14) being guided during the lift through cantilever beams (20) that can be placed on existing building roofs (12.2), characterized because -at least one work platform (16) is placed in an upper area directly on the vertical profiles (14) on one side of the vertical profiles (14) opposite to the cantilever beams (20) and serves as access to a roof of building to be erected (12.1). 2. Protection and access device (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive (22) can be placed between a cantilever beam (20) and a vertical profile (14).

3.

Protection and access device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one cantilever beam (20) and / or at least one drive (22) has a freewheel mechanism, in particular at least one ratchet of gravity (24).

Four.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one vertical profile (14) has several projections (26) and / or recesses, with which a section of a drive (22) can be engaged and / or a gravity ratchet (24).

5.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two external vertical profiles (14.1) and at least one central vertical profile (14.2.) Are provided as well as at least one brace (28) from the vertical profile central (14.2) to at least one external vertical profile (14.1).

6.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one vertical profile (14) can be placed at least one diagonal support.

7.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in at least one vertical profile (14) a profile extension can be placed, preferably in a pivoted state and preferably with a cover extension.

8.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cantilever beams (20) can be anchored by a cone (36), which narrows upwards and can be recovered again.

9.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two cantilever beams (20) a platform liner (38) can be inserted or applied.

10.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a clearance is formed between at least one vertical profile (14) and a guide (40) on a cantilever beam (20).

eleven.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover (18) is permeable to air at least by sections.

12.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, with the exception of the work platform (16) provided in an upper area, there are no additional work platforms.

13.

Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, seen from above, the vertical profiles (14) are on a single line, largely straight, polygonal or curved, which is preferably adapted essentially around the construction site.