EP1929107B1 - Protection and access arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a protection and access arrangement (10) for protecting workers and for allowing access, in particular during the construction of building floors (12), comprising at least two vertical profiles (14), a work platform (16) which is attached directly or indirectly to the profiles (14) in an upper region and which serves as an access to a building floor (12.1) to be constructed, and a covering (18) attached directly or indirectly to the vertical profiles (14), wherein the vertical profiles (14) are guided by means of cantilever beams (20) which can be attached to existing building floors (12.2), and wherein at least one removable drive (22) is provided in order to raise the arrangement (10).

Description

Technical area

The invention relates to a protection and access device for the protection of workers and to allow access, especially in the construction of building ceilings, with a number of vertical profiles and a directly or indirectly attached to the profiles work platform.

Such protective and access devices are used in the construction of structures to secure the not yet provided with a facade outdoor area of buildings and to provide access between adjacent floors of the building.

State of the art

A protection and access device of the type mentioned is, for example, in the WO 01/53630 disclosed. This has vertical beams, which are each attached via jibs on several building ceilings. On the vertical supports are trim panels arranged to provide a temporary facade. Furthermore, work platforms can be arranged on the carriers between the building ceilings. The device is raised intermittently from storey to storey, with the carriers being guided by the jibs during lifting.

However, it has been shown that the cyclic lifting of the device is associated with a high cost, since this always appropriate lifting equipment must be available, such as cranes or the like. This impairs the entire construction process, especially in the case of tall buildings, or requires an increased level of construction Capacity on lifting equipment. Furthermore, limited in the WO 01/53630 disclosed device to provide protection and access for already existing building sections.

The US 4,962,828 discloses a protection and access device having two levels of vertical profiles (inside and outside) and a third functional level (chain). In order to enable an alternating climbing from level to level, the vertical profiles are guided into each other. For the vertical movement of either the inner profile or the outer profile, a hydraulic drive is provided, the lower extension arm with the inner vertical profile is firmly connected or welded.
The construction of the three functional levels is complex and has the further disadvantage that the device has a rather deep design.

Furthermore, the disclosure US 5,161,641 a safety net, which is slidably attached to buildings via guide rails.

Finally, the concerns WO 2004/020766 A1 a protective shield having vertical profiles, which are guided on Kragträgern and can be raised by a reciprocating drive.

Presentation of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a protection and access device of the type mentioned, which also gives protection and access for building sections yet to be created and allows easy and rapid operation.

This object is achieved by a protection and access device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

The invention is based on the idea to broaden the scope of a protection and access device of the type mentioned and to make these independent. To This purpose is inventively provided that the working platform in an upper region directly or indirectly to the vertical profiles, which are preferably all in a single plane parallel to the building contour, is mounted. In particular, in the case of the protection and access device according to the invention, it may be sufficient to provide only two vertical profiles which advantageously define a single plane of vertical profiles. Through the work platform, the device according to the invention can not only fulfill a protection and access function for existing building sections, but also provide a working platform for yet to be created building sections. Thus, the device according to the invention allows, for example, to work in a safe manner on an already turned-on, but not yet concrete, building ceiling via the working platform attached to the vertical profiles in the upper area. Furthermore, the protection and access device with its cover also provides protection in building a formwork for the building ceiling to be created, on the one hand protection against falling, and on the other hand protection from the weather (wind, heat, cold) and noise.

The vertical profiles are guided by cantilever beams, which can be attached to existing building ceilings. In particular, all existing vertical profiles can advantageously be guided on cantilever beams, which is an expression of the fact that advantageously only one plane of vertical profiles can be present, and no frame or the like with a further plane of vertical profiles for guiding the vertical profiles of the protective profiles. and access device is required. Under cantilever is understood to mean a cantilevered or fixed beam, which protrudes in the case of the present invention largely horizontally out of the building and at the end of the vertical profiles - preferably directly - out.

In addition, the detachable from the device according to the invention drive allows trouble-free and rapid lifting of the vertical profiles with the attached components from one floor to the next, without the rest of the operation of the site is affected. This has proved to be particularly advantageous when advancing the vertical profiles in a still to be created building area, since in this case the use of separate hoists not only cumbersome, but also can be dangerous because the hanging of lifting hooks or the like in an (upper) area of Vertical profiles would have to be done in which there is still no secured building section available.

Although the removable drive can be arranged in the context of the present invention at different locations of the device, it has been found to be advantageous according to a development of the invention that the drive between a cantilever and a vertical profile can be attached. This results in a particularly immediate power transmission with low lever arms and a stable support for the drive.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, at least one cantilever and / or at least one drive has a freewheel mechanism, in particular at least one gravity pawl. However, instead of a gravity pawl, for example, a spring-loaded pawl or another suitable freewheel mechanism can be used. The freewheel mechanism is adapted to engage with suitable portions on at least one vertical profile so that the corresponding profile can be translated in only one direction (upwards). In the case of a gravity pawl rests the corresponding profile in the stationary state on the gravity pawl, but can at a feed of the respective profile without manual actuation of the gravity pawl be guided past this, and then again to rest (via another engagement portion) on the gravity pawl. In other words, the freewheel mechanism allows a corresponding vertical profile to be automatically secured to a cantilever and / or a drive. Therefore, in the device according to the invention, even when the vertical profiles are advanced, work can be continued below the device, which is not possible with known devices. Furthermore, the freewheel mechanism on the at least one cantilever and / or on the at least one drive allows a stepless adaptation of the device according to the invention to different storey heights.

With regard to the configuration of the engaging with the freewheel mechanism or the at least one gravity pawl engagement portion is provided according to a development of the present invention that at least one vertical profile has a plurality of projections and / or recesses with which the at least one gravity pawl can engage. According to the invention, these projections and / or recesses are also designed in such a way that not only the at least one gravity pawl but alternatively or additionally also a section of a drive can engage with them. In this way, the projections and / or depressions on the at least one vertical profile fulfill a dual function, namely, on the one hand to secure the profiles in the stationary state, and on the other hand to serve as a force application point for a drive during the advancement of the profiles.

According to the invention it is provided that the working platform is arranged on a side opposite the cantilevers side of the vertical profiles. This makes it possible that the device with the work platform on a still turned on, top ceiling "vorbeiklettern" can without the platform has to be dismantled or folded away. It has proved to be advantageous in the application that the arranged in a vertical plane vertical profiles are spaced as far as possible from the building ceilings. This ensures that the "passing" of the device is facilitated on a turned-upper ceiling. In particular, for example, "Ausschalefristen" must be taken into account. For example, in the top concrete ceiling a guide shoe could be mounted in relatively fresh concrete, while on an underlying ceiling, for example in the case of a design with restressable reinforcements, the operation of the hydraulic tension can be performed.

According to one embodiment of the invention, at least two outer vertical profiles and at least one middle vertical profile are provided, wherein at least one bracing is arranged from the middle to at least one outer vertical profile. In this way it is achieved that loads (for example, from own weight) do not have to be introduced into the center of a building ceiling, but at the edges of the building ceiling, where, for example, walls or other stiffeners of the components are.

According to yet another embodiment of the present invention, at least one diagonal support can be attached to at least one vertical profile. Such a diagonal support has proven to be particularly advantageous if the building to be created only a single level (for example, building ceiling) has, since then the vertical beams are guided over a level of Kragträgern and stabilized on the at least one diagonal support. In this way, the Device even before a first building ceiling is concreted.

In order to be able to adapt the device according to the invention as flexibly as possible to changing requirements, it is provided according to a development of the invention that a profile extension, preferably in a pivoted state and preferably with a cover extension, can be attached to at least one vertical profile. As a result, the device according to the invention can be easily adapted to peculiarities of the construction process or the building to be created.

The cantilever beams have in the context of the present invention mainly the function to store and guide the vertical profiles. However, according to a development of the invention, the cantilever beams can advantageously also be used to apply or apply a stage covering. As a result, the invention provides an increase in the work area and an improved level of security with minimal effort.

In order to be able to easily absorb the tolerances which frequently occur in structures, it is provided according to a development of the present invention that a clearance is formed between at least one vertical profile and a guide on a cantilever beam.

The cover, which is adapted directly or indirectly to the vertical profiles, can be designed in the most varied ways in the context of the present invention. Thus, for example, it can essentially be provided over the entire area or even over part of the area. According to a development of the present invention, it is further provided that the cover as such is at least partially permeable to air.

Although the device according to the invention in principle offers the possibility to provide several working platforms, it has proven to be a particularly simple and yet drainage technical and safety advantageous principle that according to a development of the present invention, with the exception of the provided in an upper area work platform no other platform are available.

Another advantage of the protection and access device according to the invention is that it has a particularly slim design and protrudes only slightly beyond the outer contour of the building to be created. This is achieved according to an embodiment of the present invention, in particular when the vertical profiles, seen in a plan view, are located on a single, largely straight, polygonal or curved line, which is preferably substantially adapted to the building contour.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

shows schematically a plan view and a front view of an embodiment of the protection and access device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

shows a schematic side view of the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown;

Fig. 3

shows further enlarged schematic side views of the in Fig. 1 embodiment shown; and

Fig. 4

shows a further, enlarged schematic side view of the in Fig. 1 shown embodiment.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

A protection and access device 10 as a preferred embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in U.S. Pat FIG. 1 shown schematically in a plan view and a front view. The protection and access device 10 is used to protect workers, for example, when building a formwork 48 for a building ceiling 12.1 to be created, and to allow access when creating building ceilings 12, but can in principle be used in other construction projects. The building used in the present embodiment for illustrative purposes has a number of already created building ceilings 12.2 and still to be created building ceilings 12.1, which are supported by supports or walls 42. In the following, between the walls or supports 42 in FIG. 1 shown components are described as a unitary device 10, although the device may also be provided in a smaller or larger area of the building.

In the FIG. 1 Device 10 shown comprises two outer vertical profiles 14.1 and two inner vertical profiles 14.2, which carry a cover 18 on its outer side (ie, the side facing away from the building). The vertical profiles 14 may be, for example, aluminum or steel profiles with an open or closed cross-section.

The cover 18 is formed in the present embodiment by a plurality of perforated plates, which cover the outer surface of the device 10 substantially completely and due to their perforation to some extent air permeable and / or possibly also translucent. It should be noted, however, that the cover 18 in the context of the present invention is also characterized by numerous small-format, optionally spaced or a few large-sized elements may be formed.

In an upper region of the vertical profiles 14, a working platform 16 is mounted, which is arranged such that it gives the workers access to the building ceiling 12.1 to be created and protects the workers from falling down while working on the building ceiling 12.1 to be created. The working platform 16 is provided in the usual way with a standing surface 16.1 and a railing 16.2. Furthermore, the work platform, as in FIG. 2 can best be seen on a building ceilings 12 opposite side of the vertical profiles 14 arranged.

As in FIG. 2 can be seen even better, the vertical profiles 14 are supported on existing building ceilings 12.2 by cantilever 20 and guided. The cantilever beams 20 should preferably be fastened to at least two building ceilings 12.2 lying one above the other. However, at the beginning of the construction work, it is also possible to fasten cantilever beams 20 only to a building ceiling 12.2 (or another support) and to ensure the stability of the vertical profiles 14 via diagonal supports or the like, not shown here. The vertical beams 14 thus advantageously span at least two existing building ceilings 12.2 and a building ceiling 12.1 to be created, but may also be made longer or optionally extendable by a profile extension not shown in detail here with corresponding cover extension, these extensions being arranged pivotably on the vertical profiles 14, for example can.

The cantilever beams 20 are fastened in the present embodiment in each case by means of a cone 36 on the corresponding ceiling, wherein it is advantageous for the cone 36 is an upwardly tapered component, the like is concreted in the ceiling 12 that it can be released from the ceiling after use and continue to be used.

At their free end, the cantilever beams 20 each have a guide 40 which is designed to engage positively in the profile of the vertical beam 14 and to guide it vertically. The guide 40 is formed with a certain play to the vertical profile 14 in order to compensate for building tolerances can. In the simplest case, the guides 40 can be constructed in such a way that the vertical supports can be "threaded in and out" in one direction. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to provide the guides 40 with a mechanism such that they can be engaged at any location with the vertical beams.

In addition, the cantilever beams 20 can serve to place or apply a stage covering 38 in the area between the outer contour of the respective ceilings 12 and the vertical profiles 14 or the cover 18 ( FIG. 1 ).

The device 10 according to the invention further comprises a removable drive 22, which in FIG. 3 best seen. In the present embodiment, the drive 22 is a hydraulic cylinder with a retractable and retractable piston 22.1, at the free end of which a lifting element 40.1 with a freewheel mechanism in the form of a gravity pawl 24 is arranged. Also, this lifting element 40.1 is slidably engaged with the cross section of the vertical profile 14 in engagement. In this case, the vertical profile 14 on the gravity pawl 24 facing side surface on a plurality of projections 26, with which the gravity pawl 24 of the drive can engage. In the same way, the guide 40 provided at the free end of the respective cantilever 20 also has a gravity pawl 24, which can engage with the respective projections 26 of the vertical profiles 14.

The drive 22 is, as in FIG. 3 can be seen, supported at its opposite end of the lifting element 40.1 on a cantilever beam 20 and extends substantially parallel to the vertical profile 14, so that there is a small lever arm. However, it is also possible to support the drive 22 directly on the building ceiling 12.2 or other suitable location.

In the context of the present invention, of course, other units than drive 22 may be used instead of the hydraulic cylinder, which operate, for example, electrically, electromechanically or pneumatically.

As in the front view in FIG. 1 can best be seen, the device 10 further comprises two diagonally provided braces 28, each extending from a central vertical profile 14.2 to an outer vertical profile 14.1 and thereby increase the rigidity of the protection and access device 10 of the invention. This measure is particularly advantageous if - as in the present embodiment - the protection and access device 10 is made slim and, in plan view in Fig. 1 Seen, the vertical profiles 14 are on a single, substantially straight, polygonal or curved line, which is preferably substantially adapted to the building contour and in FIG. 1 is denoted by "L".

The operation of the device 10 according to the invention will be described below. First, the cantilever beams 20 are attached to two superimposed, finished building ceilings 12.2 via the anchoring cones 36. Now comes once a hoist is used, such as a Crane to mount a unit of vertical profiles 14, cover 18 and platform 16 in the guides 40 of the cantilever beam 20, the projections 26 of the vertical sections 14 come to rest on the gravity pawls 24 and support the vertical sections 14 in the vertical direction. In this case, the vertical profiles 14 are arranged such that the working platform 16 comes to rest in the area of a building ceiling 12.1 to be created ( FIG. 2 ). In this state, the device 10 on the existing building ceilings 12.2 serves as protection for the workers, both against falling down and against external influences, such as wind, sun, moisture and falling objects from above. Furthermore, the platform 16 provides protection and access for the workers in the area of the building ceiling 12.1.

Once the building ceiling 12.1 completed and cured to a certain extent (the concrete has not yet reached its nominal strength), more Kragträger 20 are attached via the anchoring cones 36 in the top building ceiling, the guides 40 with the gravity pawls 24 with the Vertical profiles are brought into engagement and serve from this date as supports.

As soon as the construction of the next higher building ceiling is to be started, or as soon as the protective and access device 10 is no longer needed in the lower area, the vertical beams 14 are displaced upwards along the guides 40 by one floor level. For this purpose, at least one drive 22 is fastened to a cantilever beam 20 and brought into engagement with the associated vertical profile 14 via the lifting element 40.1 and the gravity pawl 24 (see right-hand drawing in FIG Fig. 3 ). Subsequently, the piston 22.1 of the drive 22 is extended, so that the vertical support 14 together with the other vertical beams 14, the cover 18 and the working platform 16 to the stroke of the piston 22 moves upward. The projections 26 slide past the gravity pawl 24 of the guide 40.

Subsequently, the piston 22.1 is retracted again, wherein corresponding projections 26 of the vertical support 14 rest on the gravity pawl 24 of the guide 40 and the gravity pawl 24 of the lifting element 40.1 slides past the associated projections 26. This lifting operation is repeated until the vertical support 14 and thus the working platform 16 have reached the desired position, in which the working platform 16 provides protection and access for the next building ceiling 12.1 to be created. The drive 22 can now be connected to the in FIG. 3 If necessary, they can also be used in another device 10 in order to displace them if necessary.

Another aspect of the present invention is in FIG. 4 shown, which is a further, enlarged schematic side view of the in FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment illustrated. As in FIG. 4 can be seen, the vertical support 14 are equipped in its lower part with a boom 44 which is arranged such that it can engage in pushing up the vertical support 14 in the space between adjacent cantilevers 20. In this way, the device when moving the vertical support 14 automatically "take" stage coverings 38, so that the stage coverings 38 must not be taken in a dangerous manner by construction site personnel, especially when booting the vertical support 14 in the thus liberated projectile usually already off For safety reasons, a railing 46 should be present, which would further complicate a manual cancellation of the stage cover 38. In contrast, the stage coverings 38 can be raised by the arms 44 to a position above the railing 46, where they can be gripped easily and safely by the staff.

Claims (13)

1. Protection and access device (10) for the protection of workmen and to facilitate access, having:

   - at least two vertical profiles (14),

   - a covering (18) attached indirectly or directly to the vertical profiles (14),

   - wherein at least one removable drive (22) is provided to lift the device (10), and

   - wherein the vertical profiles (14) are guided during lifting by crane girders (20) which can be attached to existing building floors (12.2), characterised in that

   - at least one working platform (16) in an upper region is attached directly to the vertical profiles (14) on a side of the vertical profiles (14) which is opposite the crane girders (20) and serves as access to a building floor (12.1 ) to be constructed.
2. Protection and access device (10) according to claim 1, characterised in that the drive (22) can be attached between a crane girder (20) and a vertical profile (14).
3. Protection and access device (10) according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one crane girder (20) and/or at least one drive (22) has a freewheel mechanism, in particular at least one gravity pawl (24).
4. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one vertical profile (14) has several projections (26) and/or depressions, with which a section of a drive (22) and/or a gravity pawl (24) may engage.
5. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that two outer vertical profiles (14.1) and at least one central vertical profile (14.2.) and at least one brace (28) are provided from the central (14.2) to at least one outer vertical profile (14.1).
6. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one diagonal support can be attached to at least one vertical profile (14).
7. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a profile extension, preferably in the pivoted state and preferably with a covering extension, can be attached to at least one vertical profile (14).
8. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the crane girders (20) can be anchored by means of a cone (36) which tapers upwards and can be recovered.
9. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a platform cover (38) can be inserted or applied at least at two crane girders (20).
10. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that clearance is formed between at least one vertical profile (14) and a guide (40) on a crane girder (20).
11. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the covering (18) is air-permeable at least in some sections.
12. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that with the exception of the working platform (16) provided in an upper region, no further working platforms are present.
13. Protection and access device (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, seen in a plan view, the vertical profiles (14) are located on a single largely straight, polygonal or curved line, which is preferably adapted essentially to the building contour.

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