ES2110410T3 - Dispositivo de retina artificial. - Google Patents
Dispositivo de retina artificial.Info
- Publication number
- ES2110410T3 ES2110410T3 ES90308575T ES90308575T ES2110410T3 ES 2110410 T3 ES2110410 T3 ES 2110410T3 ES 90308575 T ES90308575 T ES 90308575T ES 90308575 T ES90308575 T ES 90308575T ES 2110410 T3 ES2110410 T3 ES 2110410T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- retina
- silicone
- artificial retina
- retina device
- microphotodiods
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000001525 retina Anatomy 0.000 title abstract 4
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 abstract 3
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000003533 narcotic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000004283 retinal dysfunction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/0526—Head electrodes
- A61N1/0543—Retinal electrodes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/14—Eye parts, e.g. lenses, corneal implants; Implanting instruments specially adapted therefor; Artificial eyes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/007—Methods or devices for eye surgery
- A61F9/00727—Apparatus for retinal reattachment
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F9/00—Methods or devices for treatment of the eyes; Devices for putting-in contact lenses; Devices to correct squinting; Apparatus to guide the blind; Protective devices for the eyes, carried on the body or in the hand
- A61F9/08—Devices or methods enabling eye-patients to replace direct visual perception by another kind of perception
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36046—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation of the eye
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L27/00—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate
- H01L27/14—Devices consisting of a plurality of semiconductor or other solid-state components formed in or on a common substrate including semiconductor components sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation
- H01L27/144—Devices controlled by radiation
- H01L27/146—Imager structures
- H01L27/14643—Photodiode arrays; MOS imagers
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Surgery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
Abstract
UN DISPOSITIVO DE CHIP DE SILICONA COMPUESTO DE UNA GRAN CANTIDAD DE MICROFOTODIODOS DENSAMENTE EMPACADOS SE IMPLANTA ENTRE LAS CAPAS INTERIOR Y EXTERIOR DE LA RETINA, EN PACIENTES CON OJOS DE VISION DEFICIENTE QUE SUFREN DE DISFUNCIONES DE LA RETINA, PARA PERMITIR UNA VISION FORMADA UTIL. LA SUPERFICIE FOTOACTIVA DE CADA FOTODIODO, CON SU SILICONA DEPOSITADA O UN ELECTRODO GRABADO, SE DIRIGEN HACIA LA LUZ INCIDENTAL. EL DISPOSITIVO PRODUCE UNA CORRIENTE MODULADA AMPLIFICADA PARA ESTIMULAR LA CAPA INTERIOR DE LA RETINA. EL DISPOSITIVO ESTA INTRINSECAMENTE INERTE DEBIDO A SU NATURALEZA DE SUSTRATO DE SILICONA ESTUPEFACIENTE.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/390,562 US5016633A (en) | 1989-08-08 | 1989-08-08 | Artificial retina device |
US07/549,094 US5024223A (en) | 1989-08-08 | 1990-07-06 | Artificial retina device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2110410T3 true ES2110410T3 (es) | 1998-02-16 |
Family
ID=27013194
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES90308575T Expired - Lifetime ES2110410T3 (es) | 1989-08-08 | 1990-08-03 | Dispositivo de retina artificial. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5024223A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0460320B1 (es) |
CA (1) | CA2022544C (es) |
DE (1) | DE69031908T2 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2110410T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (106)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5476494A (en) * | 1992-09-11 | 1995-12-19 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Low pressure neural contact structure |
US5556423A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1996-09-17 | Alan Y. Chow | Independent photoelectric artificial retina device and method of using same |
US5397350A (en) * | 1993-05-03 | 1995-03-14 | Chow; Alan Y. | Independent photoelectric artificial retina device and method of using same |
US5597381A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1997-01-28 | Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Methods for epi-retinal implantation |
EP1435255B1 (en) | 1995-06-06 | 2006-05-17 | Optobionics Corporation | Adaptive imaging retinal stimulation system |
US5895415A (en) * | 1995-06-06 | 1999-04-20 | Optobionics Corporation | Multi-phasic microphotodiode retinal implant and adaptive imaging retinal stimulation system |
US5873901A (en) * | 1995-06-30 | 1999-02-23 | Space Vacuum Epitaxy Center University Of Houston | Treating retinal damage by implanting thin film optical detectors |
DE19529371C3 (de) * | 1995-08-10 | 2003-05-28 | Nmi Univ Tuebingen | Mikroelektroden-Anordnung |
US5782873A (en) * | 1995-10-11 | 1998-07-21 | Trustees Of Boston University | Method and apparatus for improving the function of sensory cells |
DE19705987C2 (de) * | 1996-10-23 | 1999-09-09 | Univ Eberhard Karls | Optisch ansteuerbare Mikroelektrodenanordnung zum Stimulieren von Zellen, insbesondere Retina-Implantat |
DE19705988C2 (de) * | 1996-10-23 | 2002-04-11 | Univ Eberhard Karls | Retina-Implantat |
WO1998017344A1 (de) | 1996-10-23 | 1998-04-30 | Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Universitätsklinikum | Optisch ansteuerbare mikroelektrodenanordnung zum stimulieren von zellen, insbesondere retina-implantat |
US5837995A (en) * | 1996-11-25 | 1998-11-17 | Alan Y. Chow | Wavelength-controllable voltage-phase photodiode optoelectronic switch ("opsistor") |
US5865839A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1999-02-02 | Doorish; John F. | Artificial retina |
US5836996A (en) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-11-17 | Doorish; John F. | Artificial retina |
DE19741487C2 (de) * | 1997-09-19 | 2000-08-31 | Univ Eberhard Karls | Vorrichtung für einen Zugang in den Subretinalraum eines Auges |
US5944747A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-08-31 | Johns Hopkins University | Method for preferential outer retinal stimulation |
US5935155A (en) * | 1998-03-13 | 1999-08-10 | John Hopkins University, School Of Medicine | Visual prosthesis and method of using same |
US6324429B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2001-11-27 | Massachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Chronically implantable retinal prosthesis |
US6165192A (en) * | 1999-01-05 | 2000-12-26 | Second Sight, Llc | Method and apparatus for intraocular retinal tack inserter |
DE19921399C2 (de) | 1999-05-07 | 2003-12-18 | Univ Eberhard Karls | Retina-Implantat |
US6586257B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2003-07-01 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated | Multiwell scanner and scanning method |
US6448089B1 (en) | 1999-10-12 | 2002-09-10 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Multiwell scanner and scanning method |
US6814933B2 (en) * | 2000-09-19 | 2004-11-09 | Aurora Biosciences Corporation | Multiwell scanner and scanning method |
US20040039401A1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2004-02-26 | Chow Alan Y. | Implant instrument |
US6389317B1 (en) * | 2000-03-31 | 2002-05-14 | Optobionics Corporation | Multi-phasic microphotodetector retinal implant with variable voltage and current capability |
DE10020846A1 (de) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-12-06 | Intelligent Implants Gmbh | Mikrokontaktstruktur für Neuroprothesen zur Implantation an Nervengewebe und Verfahren hierzu |
US6427087B1 (en) * | 2000-05-04 | 2002-07-30 | Optobionics Corporation | Artificial retina device with stimulating and ground return electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the neuroretina and method of attachment |
US7399599B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2008-07-15 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals (San Diego) Llc | Ion channel assay methods |
US7615356B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2009-11-10 | Vertex Pharmaceuticals (San Diego) Llc | Ion channel assay methods |
DE10052670A1 (de) * | 2000-10-24 | 2002-05-08 | Forschungszentrum Juelich Gmbh | Meßanordnung zum Nachweis einer ein- oder mehrdimensionalen Verteilung einer chemischen oder biochemischen Komponente |
US6368349B1 (en) * | 2000-11-21 | 2002-04-09 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Inflatable neural prosthesis |
US8060211B2 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2011-11-15 | Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. | Method of reducing retinal stress caused by an implantable retinal electrode array |
US7149586B2 (en) * | 2002-03-28 | 2006-12-12 | Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. | Variable pitch electrode array |
US7338522B2 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2008-03-04 | Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. | Implantable retinal electrode array configuration for minimal retinal damage and method of reducing retinal stress |
WO2002080816A1 (fr) * | 2001-03-30 | 2002-10-17 | Nagoya Ind Science Reserach I | Element a electrodes de stimulation retinienne, et dispositif retinien artificiel utilisant l'element a electrodes |
US7037943B2 (en) | 2001-04-10 | 2006-05-02 | Optobionics Corporation | Retinal treatment method |
DE10120908A1 (de) | 2001-04-28 | 2002-10-31 | Td Verwaltungs Gmbh | Mikrokontaktstruktur zur Implantation bei einem Säugetier, insbesondere bei einem Menschen |
US20050033202A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2005-02-10 | Chow Alan Y. | Mechanically activated objects for treatment of degenerative retinal disease |
US7031776B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2006-04-18 | Optobionics | Methods for improving damaged retinal cell function |
US20050004625A1 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2005-01-06 | Chow Alan Y. | Treatment of degenerative retinal disease via electrical stimulation of surface structures |
US6570386B2 (en) | 2001-07-30 | 2003-05-27 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and method for providing power to electrical devices |
US7146221B2 (en) | 2001-11-16 | 2006-12-05 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Flexible electrode array for artifical vision |
WO2003061537A1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-31 | Masachusetts Eye And Ear Infirmary | Minimally invasive retinal prosthesis |
US20070265582A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2007-11-15 | University Of Southern California | Injection Devices for Unimpeded Target Location Testing |
US20030233126A1 (en) * | 2002-06-12 | 2003-12-18 | Alfred E. Mann Institute For Biomedical Engineering | Injection devices and methods for testing implants |
US6755530B1 (en) * | 2002-07-16 | 2004-06-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Retinal light processing using carbon nanotubes |
US8231637B2 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2012-07-31 | Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. | Surgical tool for electrode implantation |
US8185209B2 (en) * | 2003-01-03 | 2012-05-22 | Board Of Trustees Operating Michigan State University | Methods to extend vision to infrared wavelengths |
DE10304831A1 (de) | 2003-01-31 | 2004-08-26 | Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Universitätsklinikum | Retina-Implantat zum Stimulieren einer Retina in Abhängigkeit von einfallendem Licht |
US7047080B2 (en) * | 2003-02-14 | 2006-05-16 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Self-sufficient retinal prosthesis powered by intraocular photovoltaic cells |
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US8014878B2 (en) | 2005-04-28 | 2011-09-06 | Second Sight Medical Products, Inc. | Flexible circuit electrode array |
US7321795B2 (en) * | 2003-03-24 | 2008-01-22 | Les Bogdanowicz | Compositions for electric stimulation of the eye |
US7127301B1 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2006-10-24 | Sandia Corporation | Flexible retinal electrode array |
US7321796B2 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2008-01-22 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and system for training a visual prosthesis |
US8260428B2 (en) * | 2003-05-01 | 2012-09-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Method and system for training a visual prosthesis |
DE10329615A1 (de) | 2003-06-23 | 2005-03-03 | Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen Universitätsklinikum | Aktives Retina-Implantat mit einer Vielzahl von Bildelementen |
JP4412924B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-01 | 2010-02-10 | 株式会社ニデック | 視覚再生補助装置 |
DE102004002379A1 (de) * | 2004-01-15 | 2005-08-18 | Iip-Technologies Gmbh | Neurologisches Werkzeug |
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US20070250135A1 (en) * | 2006-04-21 | 2007-10-25 | Bartz-Schmidt Karl U | Compound subretinal prostheses with extra-ocular parts and surgical technique therefore |
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US8588920B2 (en) * | 2007-11-21 | 2013-11-19 | The Trustees Of Boston College | Apparatus and methods for visual perception using an array of nanoscale waveguides |
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US8150526B2 (en) | 2009-02-09 | 2012-04-03 | Nano-Retina, Inc. | Retinal prosthesis |
US8442641B2 (en) | 2010-08-06 | 2013-05-14 | Nano-Retina, Inc. | Retinal prosthesis techniques |
US8718784B2 (en) * | 2010-01-14 | 2014-05-06 | Nano-Retina, Inc. | Penetrating electrodes for retinal stimulation |
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US20100241060A1 (en) * | 2009-03-18 | 2010-09-23 | Roizman Keith | Surgical devices and methods |
JP5719340B2 (ja) | 2009-03-20 | 2015-05-20 | レティーナ インプラント アーゲー | 能動型網膜インプラント |
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EP2593117B1 (en) | 2010-07-12 | 2019-03-20 | University of Southern California | Biocompatible substrate for facilitating interconnections between stem cells and target tissues and methods for implanting same |
US8571669B2 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2013-10-29 | Nano-Retina, Inc. | Retinal prosthesis with efficient processing circuits |
WO2012149468A2 (en) | 2011-04-29 | 2012-11-01 | University Of Southern California | Instruments and methods for the implantation of cell-seeded substrates |
US8877489B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2014-11-04 | California Institute Of Technology | Ultrathin parylene-C semipermeable membranes for biomedical applications |
US9199080B2 (en) | 2011-09-12 | 2015-12-01 | Okuvision Gmbh | Method for treating an eye |
US9248013B2 (en) | 2011-12-05 | 2016-02-02 | California Institute Of Technology | 3-Dimensional parylene scaffold cage |
US9427569B2 (en) * | 2012-05-09 | 2016-08-30 | Po-Kang Lin | Structure of artificial electronic retina |
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US9331791B2 (en) | 2014-01-21 | 2016-05-03 | Nano Retina Ltd. | Transfer of power and data |
DE102016105174A1 (de) | 2016-03-21 | 2017-09-21 | NMI Naturwissenschaftliches und Medizinisches Institut an der Universität Tübingen | Aktives Retina-Implantat |
DE102017102698A1 (de) | 2017-02-10 | 2018-08-16 | Retina Implant Ag | Implantat-Vorrichtung mit optischer Schnittstelle |
US11439822B2 (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2022-09-13 | ECOLE POLYTECHNIQUE FéDéRALE DE LAUSANNE | Polymer-based optoelectronic interface and methods for its manufacture |
EP3461529A1 (en) | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-03 | Pixium Vision SA | Tip, inserter attachment and delivery device |
FR3072564B1 (fr) | 2017-10-25 | 2019-10-18 | Universite De Lille 1 Sciences Et Technologies | Capteur optique |
CN112088031A (zh) | 2018-05-02 | 2020-12-15 | 纳米视网膜有限公司 | 视网膜植入物固定装置及技术 |
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US4601545A (en) * | 1984-05-16 | 1986-07-22 | Kern Seymour P | Variable power lens system |
US4628933A (en) * | 1985-07-23 | 1986-12-16 | Michelson Robin P | Method and apparatus for visual prosthesis |
US4750498A (en) * | 1986-02-21 | 1988-06-14 | Coopervision, Inc. | Method and tool for inserting an intraocular lens |
US4836202A (en) * | 1986-11-03 | 1989-06-06 | Coopervision, Inc. | Instrument for manipulating compressible intraocular lenses |
-
1990
- 1990-07-06 US US07/549,094 patent/US5024223A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-02 CA CA002022544A patent/CA2022544C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-03 ES ES90308575T patent/ES2110410T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-03 EP EP90308575A patent/EP0460320B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-08-03 DE DE69031908T patent/DE69031908T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2022544C (en) | 2002-04-23 |
EP0460320B1 (en) | 1998-01-07 |
EP0460320A2 (en) | 1991-12-11 |
DE69031908D1 (de) | 1998-02-12 |
US5024223A (en) | 1991-06-18 |
EP0460320A3 (en) | 1993-02-24 |
DE69031908T2 (de) | 1998-07-16 |
CA2022544A1 (en) | 1991-02-09 |
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