ES2060940T3 - Aparato y procedimiento para la refrigeracion pasiva de recintos de contencion. - Google Patents
Aparato y procedimiento para la refrigeracion pasiva de recintos de contencion.Info
- Publication number
- ES2060940T3 ES2060940T3 ES90300029T ES90300029T ES2060940T3 ES 2060940 T3 ES2060940 T3 ES 2060940T3 ES 90300029 T ES90300029 T ES 90300029T ES 90300029 T ES90300029 T ES 90300029T ES 2060940 T3 ES2060940 T3 ES 2060940T3
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- heat
- air flow
- container
- water
- disintegration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 abstract 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C1/00—Reactor types
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C11/00—Shielding structurally associated with the reactor
- G21C11/08—Thermal shields; Thermal linings, i.e. for dissipating heat from gamma radiation which would otherwise heat an outer biological shield ; Thermal insulation
- G21C11/083—Thermal shields; Thermal linings, i.e. for dissipating heat from gamma radiation which would otherwise heat an outer biological shield ; Thermal insulation consisting of one or more metallic layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C13/00—Pressure vessels; Containment vessels; Containment in general
- G21C13/02—Details
- G21C13/022—Ventilating arrangements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/02—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices
- G21C15/12—Arrangements or disposition of passages in which heat is transferred to the coolant; Coolant flow control devices from pressure vessel; from containment vessel
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/24—Promoting flow of the coolant
- G21C15/26—Promoting flow of the coolant by convection, e.g. using chimneys, using divergent channels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S376/00—Induced nuclear reactions: processes, systems, and elements
- Y10S376/90—Particular material or material shapes for fission reactors
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Structure Of Emergency Protection For Nuclear Reactors (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
Abstract
UN SISTEMA DE REFRIGERACION DE CONTENEDOR (4) UTILIZA UN FLUJO DE AIRE INDUCIDO NATURALMENTE Y UN FLUJO DE AGUA DE GRAVEDAD SOBRE LA VASIJA DEL CONTENEDOR (6) QUE ENCIERRA UN NUCLEO REACTOR (8) PARA ENFRIAR EL CALOR DE DESINTEGRACION DEL NUCLEO EN DOS ETAPAS. CUANDO EL CALOR DE DESINTEGRACION DEL NUCLEO ES MAYOR, EL AGUA Y FLUJO DE AIRE SE COMBINAN PARA PROPORCIONAR REFRIGERACION DE EVAPORACION ADECUADA, SEGUN SE TRASPASA EL CALOR DESDE DENTRO DEL CONTENEDOR HASTA EL AGUA QUE FLUYE SOBRE EL MISMO. EL AGUA SE CALIENTA POR TRANSFERENCIA DE CALOR Y LUEGO SE EVAPORA Y SE REMUEVE POR EL FLUJO DE AIRE. DESPUES DE UN PERIODO INICIAL DE UNOS TRES O CUATRO DIAS, CUANDO EL CALOR DE DESINTEGRACION DEL NUCLEO ES MAYOR, EL FLUJO DE AIRE SOLAMENTE ES SUFICIENTE PARA REFRIGERAR EL CONTENEDOR.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/341,442 US5049353A (en) | 1989-04-21 | 1989-04-21 | Passive containment cooling system |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2060940T3 true ES2060940T3 (es) | 1994-12-01 |
Family
ID=23337595
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES90300029T Expired - Lifetime ES2060940T3 (es) | 1989-04-21 | 1990-01-03 | Aparato y procedimiento para la refrigeracion pasiva de recintos de contencion. |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5049353A (es) |
EP (1) | EP0393805B1 (es) |
JP (1) | JP2813412B2 (es) |
KR (1) | KR0181303B1 (es) |
ES (1) | ES2060940T3 (es) |
Families Citing this family (78)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2528977B2 (ja) * | 1989-11-22 | 1996-08-28 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 原子炉格納容器 |
DE4041295A1 (de) * | 1990-12-21 | 1992-07-02 | Siemens Ag | Kernreaktor-anlage, insbesondere fuer leichtwasserreaktoren, mit einer kernrueckhaltevorrichtung, verfahren zur notkuehlung bei einer solchen kernreaktor-anlage und verwendung turbulenzerzeugender deltafluegel |
JP2993155B2 (ja) * | 1991-03-20 | 1999-12-20 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 原子炉及び原子炉冷却設備並びに原子力発電プラント |
US5154877A (en) * | 1991-03-28 | 1992-10-13 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Passive off-site radiation reduction apparatus |
US5158741A (en) * | 1991-08-16 | 1992-10-27 | General Electric Company | Passive cooling system for top entry liquid metal cooled nuclear reactors |
DE4127313C2 (de) * | 1991-08-17 | 1995-10-19 | Karlsruhe Forschzent | Containment eines Kernreaktors |
US5169596A (en) * | 1992-03-06 | 1992-12-08 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Large panel design for containment air baffle |
US5215708A (en) * | 1992-06-19 | 1993-06-01 | General Electric Company | Reactor building assembly and method of operation |
US5291533A (en) * | 1993-03-22 | 1994-03-01 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Cooling water distribution system |
US5345482A (en) * | 1993-05-06 | 1994-09-06 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Passive containment cooling water distribution device |
US5426681A (en) * | 1994-01-04 | 1995-06-20 | General Electric Company | Boiling water reactor with combined active and passive safety systems |
KR100189168B1 (ko) * | 1995-12-01 | 1999-06-01 | 윤덕용 | 원자로의 피동 격납용기 냉각장치 |
IT1275709B1 (it) * | 1995-03-30 | 1997-10-17 | Finmeccanica Spa | Impianto per lo smaltimento del calore dall'interno di una struttura di contenimento di un reattore nucleare |
CA2150275C (en) * | 1995-05-26 | 2008-10-14 | Norman J. Spinks | Passive emergency water system for water-cooled nuclear reactors |
US5612982A (en) * | 1995-07-31 | 1997-03-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corporation | Nuclear power plant with containment cooling |
US5887043A (en) * | 1995-10-03 | 1999-03-23 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited Energie Atomique Du Canad | Passive emergency water system for water-cooled nuclear reactors |
WO1997016832A1 (en) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-05-09 | Atomic Energy Of Canada Limited | Passive emergency hydrogen mitigation system for water-cooled nuclear reactors |
US5790619A (en) * | 1997-01-15 | 1998-08-04 | Combustion Engineering, Inc. | Drain system for a nuclear power plant |
DE19846057B4 (de) * | 1998-10-07 | 2004-04-29 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Vorrichtung zum Kühlen und zum Schutz eines Reaktordruckbehälters bei Kernschmelzunfällen |
US6519308B1 (en) * | 1999-06-11 | 2003-02-11 | General Electric Company | Corrosion mitigation system for liquid metal nuclear reactors with passive decay heat removal systems |
CA2409004C (en) * | 2000-12-14 | 2009-10-06 | Eskom | Cooling system |
US6795518B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2004-09-21 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Integral PWR with diverse emergency cooling and method of operating same |
DE20205497U1 (de) * | 2002-04-09 | 2002-07-04 | Aicher, Max, Dipl.-Ing., 83395 Freilassing | Gebäude mit Innenraumschutz |
JP2003329789A (ja) * | 2002-05-16 | 2003-11-19 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | シールドビルディング |
MXPA02008648A (es) | 2002-09-04 | 2004-03-10 | Constructora Y Servicios Ind D | Recubrimiento disipador de calor y metodo para disminuir la temperatura interior de viviendas y construcciones similares. |
US8160197B2 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2012-04-17 | Areva Np | Nuclear power plant using nanoparticies in closed circuits of emergency systems and related method |
US20080219395A1 (en) * | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-11 | Areva Np | Nuclear power plant using nanoparticles in emergency situations and related method |
JP2010085282A (ja) | 2008-09-30 | 2010-04-15 | Toshiba Corp | 加圧水型原子力プラント |
CN102081976B (zh) * | 2009-11-27 | 2012-10-10 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | 大容量完全非能动安全壳冷却系统 |
JP5083361B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-09 | 2012-11-28 | 株式会社Ihi | 冷却構造体 |
JP5624355B2 (ja) * | 2010-04-21 | 2014-11-12 | 株式会社東芝 | 液体金属冷却型原子炉及びその除熱方法 |
US9583221B2 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2017-02-28 | Bwxt Nuclear Energy, Inc. | Integrated emergency core cooling system condenser for pressurized water reactor |
US8867690B2 (en) * | 2011-08-25 | 2014-10-21 | Babcock & Wilcox Mpower, Inc. | Pressurized water reactor with compact passive safety systems |
CN103295655A (zh) * | 2012-02-29 | 2013-09-11 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | 水淹和风冷相结合的非能动安全壳冷却系统和方法 |
US20130272474A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-17 | Westinghouse Electric Company Llc | Passive containment air cooling for nuclear power plants |
US10529457B2 (en) | 2012-04-17 | 2020-01-07 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | Defense in depth safety paradigm for nuclear reactor |
CN103377729A (zh) | 2012-04-27 | 2013-10-30 | 上海核工程研究设计院 | 大型压水堆核电站事故后堆芯完全非能动冷却系统 |
CN102637465B (zh) * | 2012-05-02 | 2014-07-16 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统 |
US9589685B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2017-03-07 | Smr Inventec, Llc | Passive reactor cooling system |
US11901088B2 (en) | 2012-05-04 | 2024-02-13 | Smr Inventec, Llc | Method of heating primary coolant outside of primary coolant loop during a reactor startup operation |
JP6302463B2 (ja) * | 2012-05-21 | 2018-03-28 | エスエムアール・インベンテック・エルエルシー | 受動的原子炉格納容器保護システム |
US9786394B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2017-10-10 | Smr Inventec, Llc | Component cooling water system for nuclear power plant |
US11935663B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2024-03-19 | Smr Inventec, Llc | Control rod drive system for nuclear reactor |
US10096389B2 (en) | 2012-05-21 | 2018-10-09 | Smr Inventec, Llc | Loss-of-coolant accident reactor cooling system |
CN103489489A (zh) * | 2012-06-13 | 2014-01-01 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种非能动安全壳喷淋-淹没冷却系统 |
CN102737738B (zh) * | 2012-06-25 | 2015-01-07 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 双层混凝土安全壳非能动直接蒸发式冷却系统 |
CN103632737A (zh) * | 2012-08-20 | 2014-03-12 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种核电站蒸汽发生器二次侧非能动余热排出系统 |
JP2015529820A (ja) * | 2012-08-21 | 2015-10-08 | エスエムアール・インベンテック・エルエルシー | 原子力発電プラントの補機冷却水システム |
JP5373213B1 (ja) * | 2013-03-06 | 2013-12-18 | 日立Geニュークリア・エナジー株式会社 | 気体供給装置及び原子力プラントの空気又は窒素供給装置 |
US11373768B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2022-06-28 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | Refueling water storage tank (RWST) with tailored passive emergency core cooling (ECC) flow |
WO2014200600A2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2014-12-18 | Babcock & Wilcox Mpower, Inc. | Passive techniques for long-term reactor cooling |
CN103400609A (zh) * | 2013-08-12 | 2013-11-20 | 厦门大学 | 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统 |
JP2015055621A (ja) * | 2013-09-13 | 2015-03-23 | 元浩 岡田 | 原子炉の冷却装置。 |
US9779840B2 (en) | 2013-10-28 | 2017-10-03 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | PWR decay heat removal system in which steam from the pressurizer drives a turbine which drives a pump to inject water into the reactor pressure vessel |
CN103730170B (zh) * | 2013-12-31 | 2016-08-17 | 国家核电技术有限公司 | 一种强化安全壳排热的事故缓解装置 |
WO2015103790A1 (zh) * | 2014-01-13 | 2015-07-16 | 中科华核电技术研究院有限公司 | 核电厂安全壳冷却系统及其喷淋流量控制方法 |
JP2015137905A (ja) * | 2014-01-22 | 2015-07-30 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 原子炉格納容器及び原子炉 |
AU2015234703B2 (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2019-03-28 | Rheem Australia Pty Limited | A flue arrangement |
US9875817B2 (en) | 2014-06-09 | 2018-01-23 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | Nuclear reactor support and seismic restraint with in-vessel core retention cooling features |
US9773575B2 (en) * | 2014-06-09 | 2017-09-26 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | Passive filtration of air egressing from nuclear containment |
CN104134473B (zh) * | 2014-06-30 | 2016-12-07 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种能动结合非能动的安全壳冷却系统 |
US10529458B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2020-01-07 | Bwxt Mpower, Inc. | Integral isolation valve systems for loss of coolant accident protection |
CN106104701B (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2018-06-08 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 安全壳冷却系统及安全壳与反应堆压力容器联合冷却系统 |
RU2576517C1 (ru) * | 2014-12-16 | 2016-03-10 | Акционерное Общество "Атомэнергопроект" | Система локализации и охлаждения расплава активной зоны ядерного реактора водоводяного типа |
CN108630327B (zh) * | 2017-03-24 | 2023-08-25 | 国核示范电站有限责任公司 | 非能动安全壳换热器系统 |
CN107123448B (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2019-05-21 | 安徽科创智慧知识产权服务有限公司 | 一种可提高冷却剂利用率的安全壳冷却系统 |
CN107274938B (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2019-05-21 | 安徽科创智慧知识产权服务有限公司 | 一种安全壳冷却装置 |
CN107256727B (zh) * | 2017-06-09 | 2019-04-09 | 安徽科创智慧知识产权服务有限公司 | 一种核反应堆冷却系统 |
CN107564592B (zh) * | 2017-07-25 | 2021-08-24 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种非能动风冷却安全壳 |
US10745195B1 (en) * | 2017-08-21 | 2020-08-18 | Murray Services Inc. | Surface mounted secondary containment system |
CN108682461B (zh) * | 2018-05-15 | 2023-08-15 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种用于小型堆的安全壳非能动空气冷却系统 |
US11342085B2 (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-05-24 | Ge-Hitachi Nuclear Energy Americas Llc | Integrated passive cooling containment structure for a nuclear reactor |
CN111128414B (zh) * | 2019-12-31 | 2022-07-26 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种核电厂能动与非能动相结合的安全系统及其方法 |
CN111370150B (zh) * | 2020-03-17 | 2022-02-11 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 一种用于安全壳容器的外壁均流结构 |
CN111916234A (zh) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | 非能动与能动相结合的核电厂安全注射系统及其使用方法 |
CN112582082B (zh) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-07-08 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种非能动安全壳空气冷却系统 |
CN113035388B (zh) * | 2021-03-05 | 2023-11-17 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种简洁高效的pcs长期冷却水箱 |
CN113035392A (zh) * | 2021-03-05 | 2021-06-25 | 哈尔滨工程大学 | 一种采用切击式吹气系统的安全壳内置高效换热器 |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE568894A (es) * | 1957-07-26 | |||
DE1142041B (de) * | 1959-11-24 | 1963-01-03 | Licentia Gmbh | Vorrichtung in der Druckschale eines Kernreaktors zur Verminderung des beim Platzen eines Teiles des Primaerkreises entstehenden Dampfdruckes |
DE1146598B (de) * | 1961-06-14 | 1963-04-04 | Siemens Ag | Sicherheitseinrichtung fuer die Gebaeude von Leistungskernreaktoren |
NL6515021A (es) * | 1965-11-19 | 1967-05-22 | ||
SE302168B (es) * | 1967-09-04 | 1968-07-08 | Asea Ab | |
DE1764306B2 (de) * | 1968-05-14 | 1977-02-10 | Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München | Einrichtung zur kuehlung von kernbruchstuecken in einem schnellen brutreaktor |
US3666616A (en) * | 1970-01-07 | 1972-05-30 | Babcock & Wilcox Co | Vapor suppressing means for a nuclear reactor |
DE2217398A1 (de) * | 1972-04-11 | 1973-10-25 | Siemens Ag | Kernreaktor |
DE2234782C3 (de) * | 1972-07-14 | 1978-06-29 | Siemens Ag, 1000 Berlin Und 8000 Muenchen | Kernreaktor |
FR2345792A1 (fr) * | 1976-03-24 | 1977-10-21 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif d'ultime secours pour reacteur nucleaire |
FR2466839A1 (fr) * | 1979-10-02 | 1981-04-10 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de refroidissement de secours du coeur d'un reacteur a eau pressurisee |
FR2469779A1 (fr) * | 1979-11-16 | 1981-05-22 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Dispositif de refroidissement de secours du coeur d'un reacteur a eau pressurisee |
FR2506063B1 (fr) * | 1981-05-14 | 1987-09-04 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Reacteur nucleaire comportant un refroidissement des structures peripheriques par convection naturelle d'air |
DD208883A5 (de) * | 1983-01-03 | 1984-04-11 | Nippies Energoproekt | Passivschutzanlage |
JPS6031092A (ja) * | 1983-07-29 | 1985-02-16 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 原子炉格納容器 |
DE3517632A1 (de) * | 1985-05-15 | 1986-11-20 | INTERATOM GmbH, 5060 Bergisch Gladbach | Kernenergieanlage mit notnachwaermeabfuhr durch luftkuehlung |
US4753771A (en) * | 1986-02-07 | 1988-06-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Passive safety system for a pressurized water nuclear reactor |
JPS6394190A (ja) * | 1986-10-08 | 1988-04-25 | 株式会社東芝 | 高速増幅炉の崩壊熱除去系 |
JPS63223593A (ja) * | 1987-03-13 | 1988-09-19 | 株式会社東芝 | 原子炉格納容器熱除去装置 |
-
1989
- 1989-04-21 US US07/341,442 patent/US5049353A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1990
- 1990-01-03 EP EP90300029A patent/EP0393805B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-03 ES ES90300029T patent/ES2060940T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1990-01-13 KR KR1019900000389A patent/KR0181303B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1990-04-10 JP JP2093299A patent/JP2813412B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2813412B2 (ja) | 1998-10-22 |
EP0393805A3 (en) | 1991-01-16 |
KR900017040A (ko) | 1990-11-15 |
EP0393805B1 (en) | 1994-09-21 |
EP0393805A2 (en) | 1990-10-24 |
JPH02296196A (ja) | 1990-12-06 |
US5049353A (en) | 1991-09-17 |
KR0181303B1 (ko) | 1999-05-15 |
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