WO2015103790A1 - 核电厂安全壳冷却系统及其喷淋流量控制方法 - Google Patents
核电厂安全壳冷却系统及其喷淋流量控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015103790A1 WO2015103790A1 PCT/CN2014/070539 CN2014070539W WO2015103790A1 WO 2015103790 A1 WO2015103790 A1 WO 2015103790A1 CN 2014070539 W CN2014070539 W CN 2014070539W WO 2015103790 A1 WO2015103790 A1 WO 2015103790A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21C—NUCLEAR REACTORS
- G21C15/00—Cooling arrangements within the pressure vessel containing the core; Selection of specific coolants
- G21C15/18—Emergency cooling arrangements; Removing shut-down heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a nuclear power plant containment cooling system, in particular to a passive nuclear power plant containment cooling system and a spray flow control method thereof.
- nuclear power plants In order to prevent nuclear power plants from leaking to the outside world in the event of an accident, nuclear power plants usually use a closed containment to contain the reactor and some important safety systems.
- a nuclear power plant adopts a passive cooling system based on passive concept and a flow control system based on automatic control principle, it can not only simplify the special safety facilities, but also reduce personnel intervention, thereby reducing possible malfunctions and improving human-machine relationship. To improve the safety of nuclear power plants.
- a coolant storage tank is usually arranged on the top of the containment.
- a water source is provided by the storage tank, and a water film is sprayed onto the outer wall of the containment, and the water shell is evaporated and the air convection is led to the safety shell.
- the heat inside the body and the shell reduces the internal pressure of the containment by lowering the temperature, ensuring that the containment is not damaged by being subjected to too high pressure.
- the technical problem of the above design is that, in the case that the water film is not completely evaporated, the water in the cooling system tank continues to flow downward, and flows down to the bottom of the safety shell to be directly discharged, which is easy to cause waste of the coolant;
- a large capacity (larger weight) coolant storage tank is generally installed at the top of the containment, which is inconvenient to install and maintain, in the event of extreme events such as strong earthquakes, tsunamis and tornadoes. It is very likely that the structure of the coolant storage tank is destroyed and the safety function is lost.
- either the spray flow in the coolant storage tank is not controlled, or the temperature of the containment is monitored by setting a sensor, and the corresponding control unit is set to issue instructions to control the cooling in the coolant storage tank.
- the flow rate of the liquid For the former, if the flow rate is too large, a large amount of coolant will not cause the maximum cooling effect, but will be wasted.
- the operation of monitoring the containment temperature and controlling the coolant flow still requires power supply support, increasing the complexity of the hardware structure design, and in many unexpected cases, the power supply is likely to fail, resulting in the above cooling design not working properly. .
- the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that, in view of the above-mentioned defects of low safety, complicated structure and unfavorable promotion of the prior art, a nuclear power plant containment cooling system for passively adjusting the coolant flow rate and a shower thereof are provided. Flow control method.
- the technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem thereof is to provide a nuclear power plant containment cooling system, comprising:
- cooling system tank for storing a coolant, the cooling system tank being disposed at a top of the containment, the coolant being used to perform the containment by the coolant itself under an accident condition Cooling, the cooling liquid is partially evaporated;
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system further includes an adjustment mechanism disposed at a liquid outlet of the cooling system tank, the adjustment mechanism for collecting the liquid of the coolant that is not evaporated according to the collection
- the buoyancy generated by the bit controls the flow rate of the liquid outlet.
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system further includes a heat exchange liquid pool disposed at an outer bottom of the containment for collecting the unvaporized coolant; One end of the mechanism is suspended above the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool, and the other end of the adjusting mechanism is connected to the liquid outlet.
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system further includes:
- a shower device in communication with the cooling system tank, the coolant flowing out to the shower device through the liquid outlet, and sprayed by the shower device to the outside of the containment to form a cover Liquid film of the containment;
- the spraying device comprises a spraying valve associated with the adjusting mechanism, and the adjusting mechanism adjusts the opening degree of the spraying valve according to the buoyancy generated by the heat exchange liquid pool to control the flow rate of the liquid outlet.
- the adjustment mechanism comprises:
- the one end of the connecting rod transmission mechanism away from the buoyancy supporting member is connected to the spraying valve
- the system further includes a shielding shell disposed at a periphery of the safety shell and formed with the heat exchange liquid pool for forming the cooling liquid and forming Circulation space for air circulation.
- an insulation baffle is disposed in the heat exchange liquid pool in a vertical direction, and the heat insulation baffle is located below the buoyancy support member, and the heat insulation fold a flow plate for separating the heat exchange liquid pool into an inner gallery adjacent to the safety shell and a gallery adjacent to the shield shell, the inner gallery and the outer gallery being at the bottom of the heat insulation baffle Communicating with each other, a thermal circulation space for cold and heat exchange is formed between the inner gallery and the outer gallery.
- the side wall of the shielding shell is open with an air inlet, the air inlet is located higher than the highest free floating position of the buoyancy support, and the air enters the After the thermal cycle space, the steam mixed with the air in the circulation space and evaporates with the outer wall of the containment vessel flows upward.
- an air outlet is further disposed at the top of the shielding shell, and the air inlet, the circulation space and the air outlet together form a steam circulation passage.
- the shower device further includes a spray pipe and a coolant dispersing device communicating with the spray pipe, one end of the spray pipe and the cooling system tank Connected, the other end of the spray pipe communicates with the coolant dispersing device, the spray pipe is installed with the spray valve, and the coolant dispersing device is provided with a spray port, and the coolant solution is
- the cooling system tank flows into the spray pipe, is controlled by the spray valve to flow into the coolant dispersing device, and is sprayed to the outside of the containment through the sprinkler.
- the adjusting mechanism includes a plurality of the adjusting mechanisms evenly distributed outside the safety shell, and each of the adjusting mechanisms corresponds to one of the spraying valves.
- the buoyancy support member is a float ball.
- the heat insulation baffle is a steel structure interlayer
- the steel structure interlayer comprises an outer layer and an interlayer
- the outer layer is a high temperature resistant material
- the interlayer is insulated
- the present invention also provides a spray flow control method for a nuclear power plant containment cooling system, the method comprising the following steps:
- the method before the step S1, the method further comprises the steps of:
- the initial liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool is set, and the lower end of the adjusting mechanism is suspended above the initial liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool.
- step S1 further includes:
- the shower valve After the cooling system is started, the shower valve has a maximum opening degree before the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool contacts one end of the adjusting mechanism, and the liquid outlet of the cooling system liquid tank has a maximum flow rate. Flowing the cooling liquid to the outside of the containment to form a liquid film covering the containment;
- the adjusting mechanism controls the flow rate of the liquid outlet according to the buoyancy generated by the liquid level floating of the heat exchange liquid pool.
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system includes a spray valve connected to the liquid outlet, and the adjustment mechanism includes a spray valve Link drive mechanism and buoyancy support, the steps S2 further includes the following steps:
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system further includes a shield case disposed at a periphery of the containment, wherein the shield case sidewall is provided with an air inlet at a position higher than a highest free floating position of the buoyancy support member, the method It also includes the following steps:
- S3 Air is introduced into the nuclear power plant containment cooling system from the air inlet to receive heat of the coolant in the heat exchange liquid pool, and to promote upward flow of the evaporated steam.
- the step S3 The heat transfer liquid pool is vertically disposed in the heat exchange liquid pool to partition the heat exchange liquid pool into an inner corridor adjacent to the safety shell and an outer corridor away from the safety shell.
- the inner gallery and the outer gallery form a thermal circulation space, and the inner corridor contacting the outer wall surface of the safety shell receives the wall of the safety shell.
- the heat generated, the air flowing into the upper portion of the heat exchange liquid pool through the air inlet, and the air is heated by the heat exchange of the upper surface of the heat exchange liquid pool, and then the steam evaporated by the heat exchange liquid pool is mixed.
- the steam evaporated from the outer wall of the containment vessel flows upward along a flow space formed between the shield shell and the containment vessel.
- the top of the shielding shell is further provided with an air outlet, and the step S3 is performed.
- the air thereafter flows out of the nuclear power plant containment cooling system via the air outlet along with the heat exchange liquid pool and the vapor evaporated from the outer wall of the containment.
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system and the spray flow control method thereof are implemented by the present invention, wherein a coolant liquid pool is disposed outside the safety shell to store the coolant sprayed above the safety shell, and according to the heat exchange liquid pool
- the liquid level lifting automatically adjusts the opening degree of the spray valve, thereby controlling the spray flow rate, and the evaporated liquid without evaporation flows down to the heat exchange liquid pool, where it can still absorb heat and evaporate, thereby exerting heat dissipation effect, so in the present invention
- All coolants are utilized to the utmost extent, and the volume of the cooling system tank is also significantly smaller, and the present invention eliminates the need for sensors and corresponding temperature monitoring devices that require power supply support, and does not require electrical support only by buoyancy supports and linkages.
- the controlled mechanical device automatically controls the size of the spray flow, which is beneficial to simplifying the hardware structure and saving cost, and the safety performance thereof is also improved compared with the prior art.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a nuclear power plant containment cooling system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a spray flow control method for a nuclear power plant containment cooling system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a buoyancy support member of a passive containment cooling system for a nuclear power plant according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a side view of a coolant dispersing device of a passive containment cooling system for a nuclear power plant according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 5 is a top plan view of the coolant dispersion device of Figure 4.
- the utility model relates to a passive containment cooling system and method for automatically adjusting the spray flow size by using buoyancy, and the system of the invention is designed for the prior art safety shell cooling system with low safety performance, complicated structure and unfavorable promotion.
- the spray flow control method realizes the maximum utilization of the coolant. In the absence of external power (such as electric power, etc.), the containment cooling system of the present application and the spray flow control thereof due to the automatic adjustment of buoyancy
- the method can timely adjust the spray flow of the coolant to eliminate the waste heat of the reactor in the safety shell, effectively prevent the damage caused by the high pressure inside the safety shell, and effectively improve the safety of the safety shell cooling system.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a nuclear power plant containment cooling system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the safety shell 1 Used to coat reactor systems.
- the reactor system in the containment 1 comprises a steam generator 20, a voltage regulator 21, a core water supply tank 22, a containment water tank 23 in the containment, a core 24, an injection tank 25, etc., the various parts of the reactor system
- the structural and functional relationships are prior art and will not be described here.
- a cooling system tank 2 is installed on the outside of the containment 1, and a coolant such as water is stored in the cooling system tank 2.
- the bottom of the cooling system tank 2 has a liquid outlet, and the coolant flows out through the liquid outlet under the action of gravity, and reaches the safety shell 1 to form a liquid film covering the outer side of the safety shell 1 on the surface of the safety shell 1 in the safety shell 1
- the heat of the reactor is cooled by the liquid film evaporated by the heat to further reduce the temperature of the containment vessel 1.
- the heat exchanger liquid pool 3 is disposed outside the bottom of the containment vessel 1, and the heat exchange liquid pool 3 and the cooling system tank 2 are installed between Adjusting mechanism for adjusting the flow rate of the liquid outlet of the cooling system tank 2 by buoyancy, the adjusting mechanism is suspended at one end of the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and the other end of the adjusting mechanism is opposite to the above The liquid port is connected.
- one end of the adjusting mechanism adjacent to the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is a lower end
- one end of the adjusting mechanism connected to the liquid discharge port is an upper end.
- the liquid film formed by the cooling liquid covering the containment vessel 1 continues to fall with gravity without being evaporated in time to reach the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and is stored by the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the liquid film on the outer side of the containment vessel 1 and the coolant in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 are slowly evaporated, and the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 continues to fall with the coolant.
- the lowering of the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 causes the lower end of the adjusting mechanism which is in contact with the coolant of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 to fall with the liquid surface, thereby driving the upper end of the adjusting mechanism close to the liquid outlet
- the flow rate of the liquid port is controlled to increase the flow rate of the liquid outlet.
- the shower device 4 is disposed at the top of the containment vessel 1.
- the cooling system tank 2 is annular, and the liquid outlet of the bottom of the cooling system tank 2 is in communication with the shower device 4.
- a shower valve 5 is installed between the shower device 4 and the liquid outlet.
- the spray valve 5 is interlocked with the adjusting mechanism, and when the adjusting mechanism rises as the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 rises, the opening degree of the spray valve 5 decreases, and the flow rate of the liquid outlet is reduced; When the adjustment mechanism falls as the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 falls, the opening degree of the spray valve 5 increases, and the flow rate of the liquid discharge port increases.
- the nuclear power plant containment cooling system of the present invention can be used as part of the passive safety system of the pressurized water reactor nuclear power plant.
- the safety shell 1 is preferably a steel safety shell.
- a heat exchange liquid pool 3 is disposed around the outer side of the safety shell 1 on the outer side of the safety shell 1 , and is sprayed from the top of the safety shell 1 by the shower device 4 .
- the coolant forms a liquid film on the outer wall of the containment vessel 1 and flows downward, and evaporates due to the higher temperature of the outer wall of the containment vessel 1, while the coolant that is not evaporated falls by gravity and enters the heat exchanger. Liquid pool 3.
- the adjustment mechanism of the present invention includes a link transmission mechanism 12 coupled to the shower device 4 and buoyancy coupled to the end of the link transmission mechanism 12 adjacent to the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the link drive mechanism 12 includes a drive link 17.
- the buoyancy support member 7 is connected to one end of the transmission link 17 near the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and the other end of the transmission link 17 is connected to the spray valve 5. In the state shown in Fig. 1, the buoyancy support 7 is in contact with the liquid surface of the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the outer side of the safety shell 1 is provided with a fixing member 15, and the transmission link 17 passes through the fixing member 15 so that when the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 rises and falls, the transmission link 17 only has a vertical displacement, and the horizontal direction maintains a certain degree. Fixed.
- the shower device 4 of the present embodiment includes a shower pipe 6 that draws the coolant from the cooling system tank 2, and a coolant dispersing device 13 that communicates with the shower pipe 6, on which the shower pipe 6 is mounted.
- the spray valve 5 and the trigger valve 50 are connected to the transmission link 17, and when the transmission link 17 is displaced with the buoyancy support member 7, the spray valve 5 is biased, thereby affecting the spray valve 5 Opening and closing size.
- the trigger valve 50 is automatically triggered to open when the cooling system of the present invention is opened, and the trigger valve 50 is used to control the communication between the shower pipe 6 and the coolant dispersing device 13. Referring to Fig. 1, a coolant dispersing device 13 communicating with the shower pipe 6 is disposed above the dome of the containment vessel.
- the top outer wall realizes uniform dispersion of the coolant in the radial direction and the circumferential direction of the outer wall of the safety shell 1 to form a cooling liquid film covering the safety shell 1, thereby achieving uniform cooling of the safety shell 1 as a whole.
- the spray valve 5 in this embodiment adopts a self-regulating valve, and a valve stem (not shown) of the self-regulating valve is connected to the transmission link 17 described above, and the transmission link 17 drives the The valve stem of the self-regulating valve rotates to control the flow rate of the coolant in the shower pipe 6.
- the invention can realize the opening of the spraying valve 5 according to the liquid surface of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 and controlling the opening degree; and the cooling liquid sprayed by the cooling liquid dispersing device 13 falls into the heat exchange liquid pool 3 to realize the swapping
- the hydration of the hydrothermal pool 3 maintains the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 stable.
- the invention provides a feedback type safety shell cooling system, which controls the spray size by the liquid level change of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and the sprayed coolant will weaken the change range of the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the structure in which the buoyancy support member 7 and the transmission link 17 are combined is used to control the spray size, the passive cooling effect is truly realized, and the cooling control effect is timely, once buoyancy The support member 7 falls due to the falling of the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the drive rod 17 then controls the self-regulating valve to increase the amount of spray to accelerate the cooling of the containment vessel 1.
- the cooling system of the invention has the characteristics of simple structure, timely feedback and high cooling efficiency.
- a shield case 8 is also disposed around the containment vessel 1 and the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and a concrete shield shell is preferred in the present invention.
- the shield case 8 is used to support the cooling system tank 2 in addition to further shielding radioactivity.
- the coolant evaporates to form steam after forming a liquid film on the outer side of the containment vessel 1 due to the heat of the reactor in the containment vessel 1 .
- an air outlet 11 is opened at the top of the shield shell 8 . The evaporated vapor rises above the air outlet 11 and flows out through the air outlet 11 into the outside atmosphere.
- the air inlet 10 is also formed in the side wall of the shielding shell 8 of the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1 , the bottom mark of the air outlet 10 is higher than the buoyancy support 7 and the highest free floating. At the elevation, a flow space 14 for air circulation is formed between the shield case 8 and the containment 1. The air enters the circulation space 14 through the air inlet 10, where it is mixed with the vapor evaporated in the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and then flows upward together along the circulation space 14, and then flows in the flow and then mixes with the vapor evaporated from the outer wall of the containment 1, and finally passes through the air outlet. 11 is discharged outward.
- the heat insulating liquid pool 3 is vertically disposed with the heat insulating baffle 9.
- the heat insulating baffle 9 divides the heat exchange liquid pool 3 into an inner gallery and a gallery in the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the inner gallery is adjacent to an outer wall of the containment 1, and the outer gallery is adjacent to an inner wall of the shield case 8.
- the coolant in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is heated by the heat derived from the steel containment vessel, so that the coolant density is lower than the outer gallery density, so that the density difference drives the upward flow, and the heat exchange
- the upper surface of the liquid pool 3 is in contact with air, where the high-temperature water evaporates and exchanges heat, transferring heat to the atmosphere, and the cooled fluid re-enters the outer gallery and flows downward to form between the inner and outer corridors.
- Natural circulation, insulation baffle 9 is used to ensure that the inner and outer corridors have a certain temperature to enhance the natural circulation effect. It should be understood that the height of the insulating baffle 9, the position of the two ends, and the size between the corresponding inner and outer corridors may be modified according to actual requirements.
- the highest liquid level in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is lower than the bottom of the air inlet 10.
- the initial liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 of the present invention should not be too high, because the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is too high, which causes a high pressure load on the steel containment shell, and the preferred liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is 5-20 meters, therefore, in the present embodiment, the initial liquid level of the water storage in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is initially designed to be 10 meters.
- the heat insulating baffle 9 is used to insulate the heat of the fluid between the inner and outer corridors of the heat exchange liquid pool to enhance the natural circulation effect.
- the air enters from the air inlet 10, receives the heat transferred by the high temperature water of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, the steam of the mixed heat exchange liquid pool 3 and the outer wall of the containment vessel 1, and then flows upward, and finally is discharged through the top air outlet 11 of the containment vessel 1.
- the buoyancy support member 7 controls the spray valve 5 to be sprayed in the form of the maximum opening degree of full opening. . That is to say, after the accident occurred in the nuclear power plant and the initial period of time after the safety of the containment cooling system, the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is not in contact with the buoyancy support member 7, so the spray valve 5 provides the full flow of the spray. . Since the temperature and pressure inside the containment often reach a peak in the initial period of time after the accident, the full-flow spray can be relieved at this initial short period of time after the accident. As the liquid level gradually rises, it finally comes into contact with the buoyancy support member 7, and then the opening degree of the spray valve 5 is adjusted by the up and down floating of the buoyancy support member 7.
- the buoyant support of Figure 1 is preferably a float. It should be understood that the buoyant support in the present invention is not limited to a spherical shape, and may be any other shape.
- a buoyancy support member 7 is disposed in the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and the buoyancy support member 7 floats with the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and the buoyancy support member 7 passes through the link transmission mechanism 12 and the self-regulating valve 5
- the valve stems (not shown) are connected, and the floating of the buoyancy support 7 will drive the valve stem to control the opening of the self-regulating valve 5.
- the buoyancy support member 7 When the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 rises, the buoyancy support member 7 floats upward, and under the transmission of the link transmission mechanism 12, the opening degree of the self-operated regulating valve 5 is reduced, and the spray flow rate of the spray pipe 6 is reduced.
- the buoyancy support member 7 falls and drives the link transmission mechanism 12 to move downward, and then the opening degree of the self-regulating valve 5 is increased, and the spray flow rate of the spray pipe 6 is increased, thereby controlling the heat exchange.
- the liquid level of the liquid pool 3 remains substantially stable.
- the temperature inside the containment vessel 1 is high, that is, the function of discharging heat is increased, the liquid evaporation rate in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is faster, and the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is more decreased, and the self-regulating valve 5 is increased.
- valve opening degree is increased, and the spray flow rate is increased until the evaporation amount of the coolant in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is equal to the flow rate of the liquid outlet of the cooling system tank 2, and the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 reaches the equilibrium value;
- the self-operated regulating valve 5 will reduce the valve opening degree and reduce the spray.
- the leaching flow rate and the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 reach the equilibrium value.
- a single buoyancy support 7 corresponds to a single spray valve 5.
- the two buoyancy supports 7 are symmetrically arranged on the respective sides of the containment 1 and are connected to the respective corresponding spray valves 5 via the symmetrical arrangement of the link transmissions 12. It should be understood that the buoyancy support member 7 of the present application may also be one or more, a plurality of the buoyancy support members 7 are evenly distributed outside the safety shell 1, and each of the buoyancy support members 7 corresponds to one of the sprays. Valve 5.
- the buoyancy support member 7 in this embodiment is fixed to the end of the link transmission mechanism 12, and a fixing member 15 is extended on the side of the safety housing 1.
- the fixing member 15 in this embodiment is substantially annular, and the connection is
- the rod transmission mechanism 12 relatively fixes the buoyancy support member 7 through the annular fixing member 15, and in order to ensure that the buoyancy support member 7 can float up and down with the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, the annular fixing member 15
- the inner diameter is larger than the diameter of the link transmission mechanism 12.
- the latching member 16 is disposed on the outer side wall of the link transmission mechanism 12.
- the latching member 16 in the embodiment is annularly wrapped around the link transmission mechanism 12. At the periphery, when the buoyant support 7 is in the initial position, it does not move further downward as the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 descends.
- the temperature and pressure peaks inside the containment 1 are the periods when the coolant is most needed.
- a full-flow spray is performed in a short period of time in the initial stage of the nuclear power plant accident for maximum effect cooling, and the length of the section can be pre-controlled by setting the initial liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and then the flow rate is automatically transferred. Controlled post-cooling phase.
- the heat exchange liquid pool 3 has a certain amount of water, the liquid level has a certain height, but is not high enough to contact with the buoyancy support member 7, the above self-regulating regulating valve is fully open; once an accident occurs in the nuclear power plant, the spray The trigger valve 50 is opened on the pipe 6, and the spray pipe 6 is sprayed at full flow until the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 rises to contact with the buoyancy support member 7, and then the buoyancy support member 7 gradually rises to cause the spray The dripping flow is reduced.
- the distance from the initial position of the liquid surface of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 to the buoyancy support can determine the length of the full flow spray, which can be set according to the specific power plant condition (the time when the reactor power and the peak temperature of the containment temperature are present).
- the steel containment shell is a steel plate of about 4.5 cm thick, which satisfies the functional requirements of the passive nuclear power plant containment to suppress pressure and contain radioactive materials.
- the shower device 4 at the top of the containment vessel 1 delivers the coolant to the coolant dispersing device 13, and then sprays it to the top of the containment 1 through the coolant dispersing device 13.
- a cooling liquid dispersing device 13 is fixedly mounted above the safety casing 1, and the cooling liquid is dispersed by the cooling liquid dispersing device 13 and uniformly sprayed to the top of the safety casing 1.
- the coolant dispersing device 13 in this embodiment is in communication with the sprinkling device 4, and the shower dispersing device 13 is uniformly provided with a sprinkling port 19, and the coolant is sprayed down to the sprinkler 19 to the containment vessel 1 The top of the arc, then the coolant flows down to fully cool the containment 1 to cool down.
- FIG. 5 further depicts the specific structure of the coolant dispersing device 13.
- the coolant dispersing device 13 in this embodiment is an annular shunt 18, comprising a plurality of annular tube grooves having decreasing diameters and communicating with each other, and each of the annular tubes
- the spray port 19 is evenly opened in the direction of the safety shell 1, and the coolant flows into the annular splitter 18 through the spray device 4, is evenly distributed to each of the annular tube grooves, and then uniformly passes through the spray port 19 to the top of the safety shell 1
- the spray is sprayed to form a coolant film covering the containment vessel 1.
- the passive nuclear power plant containment cooling system designed by the invention has high safety and reliability, because the volume of the cooling system tank 2 at the top of the containment in the present invention can be greatly reduced compared with the prior art, thereby reducing Small extreme natural disasters pose a safety threat to the cooling system tank.
- the invention adds a new effective heat exchange path on the basis of liquid film convection and air convection - heat exchange liquid pool heat exchange, thereby improving heat exchange efficiency, and helping to suppress the pressure of the containment pressure after the accident of the nuclear power plant;
- the system mainly relies on the pool heat exchange of the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the liquid film convection heat transfer is only an auxiliary means, which is equivalent to transferring a large part of the heat trap from the top of the containment to the ground, thereby greatly reducing the spray flow rate, thereby Greatly reduce the cooling system tank 2
- the spray device 4 self-adjusts the spray flow rate, and the non-evaporated spray coolant enters the heat exchange liquid pool 3, where the heat exchange evaporation occurs. Maximizes the use of coolant – all of which is ultimately evaporated.
- the passive nuclear power plant containment cooling system is not used under the normal operating conditions of the nuclear power plant, and is automatically put into use only when necessary after the nuclear power plant accident.
- the heat transfer liquid pool 3 stores water, has a certain initial liquid level, and is regularly inspected.
- the natural convection heat transfer between the inner and outer corridors of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, the inner gallery coolant and the outer wall of the steel containment is triggered by the natural driving force, that is, the inner and outer corridors.
- the difference in density caused by the temperature difference of the medium fluid drives the natural circulation, and the temperature difference between the coolant and the steel containment wall drives convective heat transfer.
- the main principle based on the invention has been widely used in the passive design of nuclear power plants, and its reliability and safety have been verified.
- the self-operated regulating valve used in the present invention is also obtained in the industrial field. Widely used, with full experience.
- the water storage in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 does not cause unacceptable pressure load on the steel containment shell.
- Table 1 the existing AP1000 nuclear power plant containment system as an example (Table 1), the failure probability within 24 hours under the 81 psig pressure load.
- the water storage level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is designed to be 10 meters high, and the hydraulic pressure head of the steel containment at the bottom of the pool is 14.22 psig, which is much smaller than the failure load bearing pressure of the steel containment.
- the present invention intends to adopt a plurality of measures to enhance the load carrying capacity of a part of the steel containment shell in which the pool is located, such as the use of reinforcing ribs and wall thickening.
- Self-operated valves are widely used in the industry. They are a kind of control device that can automatically adjust without the need of external power and only the measured value and set value of pressure (or temperature). It also has the functions of control and execution. Its types can be divided into self-operated (pressure) flow regulating valves, self-operated (pressure differential) flow regulating valves, and self-operated (temperature) flow regulating valves. The form and arrangement of a self-operated (pressure) flow regulating valve is devised in the present invention, but other viable self-regulating regulating valves may be employed.
- the present invention also provides a spray flow control method for the above-mentioned nuclear power plant containment cooling system of the present invention. To avoid repetition, the nuclear power plant containment cooling system will not be described herein.
- the method includes the following steps:
- the initial liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is set, and the lower end of the adjusting mechanism is suspended above the initial liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the adjusting mechanism is controlled by gravity, and the flow rate of the liquid outlet of the cooling system tank 2 is kept at a maximum, so that the adjusting mechanism is close to the lower end of the initial liquid level and the initial liquid level.
- the distance defines the duration of the maximum flow of the cooling system tank 2.
- the operator manually starts up once or the system sends a signal at a set condition to trigger the cooling system to start, and the cooling liquid passes through the cooling system tank 2 under the action of gravity.
- the safety vessel 1 is cooled and cooled by flowing out the coolant at a maximum flow rate, and the coolant contacts the outer wall of the containment vessel 1 to be partially evaporated by heat.
- the coolant flowing out from the liquid outlet of the cooling system tank 2 forms a liquid film covering the safety shell 1 outside the containment 1, and the unvaporized coolant flows into the heat exchange liquid pool 3 along the outer wall of the safety 1
- the adjusting mechanism is controlled by gravity to control the cooling liquid to flow out to the safety shell through the liquid outlet of the cooling system tank 2 at a maximum flow rate.
- the flow rate of the liquid outlet is controlled according to the buoyancy generated by the liquid level fluctuation of the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the step S2 includes: continuously discharging the cooling liquid to the containment 1 at the maximum flow rate in step S1, and the cooling liquid that has not evaporated in time falls into the heat exchange liquid pool 3 to raise the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3. Referring to the cooling system shown in Fig. 1, the opening degree of the shower valve 5 of the liquid outlet of the cooling system tank 2 is adjusted by the adjusting mechanism in accordance with the buoyancy generated by the heat exchange liquid pool 3.
- the heat exchange amount of the containment vessel 1 is high, the coolant in the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is evaporated by heat, and the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is caused when the evaporation amount of the coolant is larger than the flow rate of the liquid outlet.
- the link transmission mechanism 7 is driven downward, the opening degree of the spray valve 5 is increased, and the flow rate of the liquid outlet is increased.
- the evaporation amount of the cooling liquid is smaller than the flow rate of the liquid outlet, the heat exchange amount of the safety shell 1 is low, the liquid level of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 rises, and the buoyancy support member 7 moves up and drives the link transmission mechanism. 7 Upward, the opening degree of the shower valve 5 is reduced, and the flow rate of the liquid outlet is reduced.
- the spray flow control method of the nuclear power plant containment cooling system of the present application further includes the following steps: S3, the air inlet 10 from the shield casing 8 sleeved around the containment 1 to the nuclear power plant containment cooling system Air is introduced into the heat to receive the heat of the coolant in the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and promotes upward flow of the vaporized steam.
- the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is accommodated between the shielding shell 8 and the safety shell 1.
- the heat exchange liquid pool 3 is vertically disposed with an insulating baffle 9, and the heat insulating baffle partitions the heat exchange liquid pool 3 into a safety shell.
- the inner gallery of 1 and the outer gallery adjacent to the shield case 8, the inner gallery and the outer gallery form a thermal cycle space, and the inner gallery contacting the outer wall surface of the containment 1 is for receiving the outer wall of the containment 1 Heat, the air flows into the upper portion of the heat exchange liquid pool 3 through the air inlet 10, and the air receives the heat exchange of the hot fluid on the upper surface of the heat exchange liquid pool 3, and then mixes the vapor evaporated by the heat exchange liquid pool 3 and The vapor evaporated from the outer wall of the containment vessel 1 flows upward along the flow space 14 formed between the shield shell 8 and the containment vessel 1.
- step S3 the mixed air finally flows into the outside atmosphere through the air outlet 11 at the top of the shielding shell, and the heat of the containment 1 is taken out of the cooling system to achieve the cooling of the containment 1.
- the cooling system of the present invention and its spray flow control method have at least the following advantages over the existing cooling system and its control method:
- the coolant that has not evaporated after spraying enters the heat exchange liquid pool, thereby realizing the maximum utilization of the spray water; compared with the cooling method of only spraying, the heat exchange liquid pool heat exchange mode is increased, and the steel can be improved.
- the heat exchange area of the outer wall of the containment greatly improves the heat exchange efficiency; the increase of the utilization rate of the coolant and the improvement of the heat exchange efficiency can greatly prolong the passive running time of the passive containment cooling system.
- the whole process of passive technology is realized, no external power (such as AC power source or pump) is needed, and no manual operation is required in the process of changing the spray flow; in addition, the buoyancy support member 7, the link transmission mechanism 12 and the spray valve 5
- the method of mutually controlling the size of the spray uses only the mechanical structure without any electrical control, and the method of controlling the spray intensity by the sensor or the like is greatly simplified in structure, so the application is applied. More extensive.
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Abstract
Description
工况 | 24 小时压力 (MPa 表压/psig) | 24 小时失效概率 | 72 小时压力 (MPa 表压/psig) | 72 小时失效概率 |
名义工况 | 0.558/81 | < 0.01%(1 ) | 0.724/105 | 2.2%(1) |
保守工况 | 0.689/100 | 2%(2) | 1.117/162 | 90.5%(2) |
Claims (20)
- 一种核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,包括:用于存储冷却液的冷却系统液箱(2),所述冷却系统液箱(2)设置在所述安全壳(1)的顶部,所述冷却液用于在事故工况下通过所述冷却液自身重力对所述安全壳(1)进行冷却,所述冷却液被部分地蒸发;所述核电厂安全壳冷却系统还包括调节机构,所述调节机构设置在所述冷却系统液箱(2)的出液口处,所述调节机构用于根据所收集的未蒸发的所述冷却液的液位产生的浮力控制所述出液口的流量。
- 根据权利要求1所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于, 还包括设置在所述安全壳(1)外侧底部、用于收集所述未蒸发冷却液的换热液池(3);所述调节机构的一端悬置在所述换热液池(3)的液面上方,所述调节机构的另一端连接所述出液口。
- 根据权利要求2所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于, 还包括:与所述冷却系统液箱(2)相连通的喷淋装置(4),所述冷却液经所述出液口流出至所述喷淋装置(4),由所述喷淋装置(4)喷淋至所述安全壳(1)外侧形成覆盖所述安全壳(1)的液膜;所述喷淋装置(4)包括与所述调节机构联动的喷淋阀门(5),所述调节机构根据所述换热液池(3)产生的浮力调节所述喷淋阀门(5)的开合度进而控制所述出液口的流量。
- 根据权利要求3所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述调节机构包括:连杆传动机构(12)以及连接在所述连杆传动机构(12)靠近所述换热液池(3)一端的浮力支撑件(7);所述连杆传动机构(12)远离所述浮力支撑件(7)的一端连接所述喷淋阀门(5);当所述换热液池(3)内所述冷却液的蒸发量大于所述出液口的流量时,所述换热液池(3)的液面下降,所述浮力支撑件(7)带动所述传动机构(12)随所述换热液池(3)的液面下落,所述喷淋阀门(5)的开合度加大,所述出液口的流量增加;当所述换热液池(3)内所述冷却液的蒸发量小于所述出液口的流量时,所述换热液池(3)的液面上升,所述浮力支撑件(7)带动所述传动机构(12)随所述换热液池(3)的液面上升,所述喷淋阀门(5)的开合度减小,所述出液口的流量减小。
- 根据权利要求4所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,还包括屏蔽壳(8),所述屏蔽壳(8)设置在所述安全壳(1)外围并形成有用于收容所述冷却液的所述换热液池(3)和形成用于空气流通的流通空间(14)。
- 根据权利要求5所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述换热液池(3)内沿垂直方向设置有隔热折流板(9),所述隔热折流板(9)位于所述浮力支撑件(7)下方,所述隔热折流板(9)用于将所述换热液池(3)分隔成靠近所述安全壳(1)的内廊及靠近所述屏蔽壳(8)的外廊,所述内廊与所述外廊在所述隔热折流板(9)的底部互相连通,所述内廊与所述外廊之间形成用于冷热交换的热循环空间。
- 根据权利要求6所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述屏蔽壳(8)侧壁开设有空气入口(10),所述空气入口(10)的位置高于所述浮力支撑件(7)的最高自由浮动位置,所述空气进入所述热循环空间后与所述流通空间(14)内的空气混合并随所述安全壳(1)外壁蒸发的蒸汽向上流动。
- 根据权利要求7所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述屏蔽壳(8)顶部还开设有空气出口(11),所述空气入口(10)、所述流通空间(14)以及所述空气出口(11)共同形成蒸汽流通通道。
- 根据权利要求8所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述喷淋装置(4)还包括喷淋管道(6)以及与所述喷淋管道(6)连通的冷却液分散装置(13),所述喷淋管道(6)一端与所述冷却系统液箱(2)连通,所述喷淋管道(6)另一端连通所述冷却液分散装置(13),所述喷淋管道(6)上安装有所述喷淋阀门(5),所述冷却液分散装置(13)上开设有喷淋口(19),所述冷却液经所述冷却系统液箱(2)流入所述喷淋管道(6),由所述喷淋阀门(5)控制流入所述冷却液分散装置(13),并经所述喷淋口(19)喷淋至所述安全壳(1)外侧。
- 根据权利要求9所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述调节机构包括多个,多个所述调节机构均匀分布在所述安全壳(1)外侧,每一所述调节机构对应一所述喷淋阀门(5)。
- 根据权利要求10所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述浮力支撑件(7)为浮球。
- 根据权利要求6所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统,其特征在于,所述隔热折流板(9)为钢结构夹层,所述钢结构夹层包括外层和夹层,所述外层为耐高温材料,所述夹层为保温材料,所述钢结构夹层用于隔绝换热液池(3)内所述内廊与所述外廊之间的流体热量。
- 一种核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括以下步骤:S1、在事故工况下, 所述冷却系统启动, 冷却液在重力作用下以最大流量经出液口流至安全壳(1),对所述安全壳(1)进行冷却,在冷却过程中,所述冷却液被部分地蒸发;S2、根据所收集的未蒸发的所述冷却液的液位产生的浮力调节所述出液口的流量。
- 根据权利要求13所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,在步骤S1之前,所述方法还包括步骤:S0、在所述冷却系统启动前,设置换热液池(3)的初始液位,使调节机构的下端悬置在所述换热液池(3)的初始液位上方。
- 根据权利要求14所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,步骤S1进一步包括:当所述冷却系统启动后,在所述换热液池(3)液面与所述调节机构的一端接触之前,所述喷淋阀门(5)具有最大开合度,冷却系统液箱(2)的所述出液口以最大流量将所述冷却液流至安全壳(1)外侧形成覆盖所述安全壳(1)的液膜;所述换热液池(3)液面上升到与所述调节机构的一端接触后,所述调节机构根据所述换热液池(3)的液位浮动产生的浮力控制所述出液口的流量。
- 根据权利要求15所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,所述核电厂安全壳冷却系统包括连接在所述出液口上的喷淋阀门(5),所述调节机构包括与喷淋阀门(5)相连的连杆传动机构(12)和浮力支撑件(7),所述步骤S2进一步包括如下步骤:S2-1、当所述冷却液的蒸发量大于所述出液口的流量时,所述浮力支撑件(7)下移带动连杆传动机构(12)下行,所述喷淋阀门(5)的开合度增大,所述出液口的流量增大;S2-2、当所述冷却液蒸发量小于所述出液口的流量时,所述浮力支撑件(7)上移带动连杆传动机构(12)上行,所述喷淋阀门(5)的开合度减小,所述出液口的流量减小。
- 根据权利要求16所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,所述核电厂安全壳冷却系统还包括设置在所述安全壳(1)外围的屏蔽壳(8),所述屏蔽壳(8)侧壁高于所述浮力支撑件(7)的最高自由浮动位置的位置处开设有空气入口(10),所述方法还包括以下步骤:S3、从所述空气入口(10)向所述核电厂安全壳冷却系统中通入空气以接受所述换热液池(3)内所述冷却液的热量,并促进蒸发的蒸汽向上流动。
- 根据权利要求17所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3中,所述换热液池(3)内垂直方向设置隔热折流板(9)将所述换热液池(3)分隔成靠近所述安全壳的内廊及远离所述安全壳的外廊。
- 根据权利要求18所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,所述内廊与所述外廊共同形成热循环空间,与安全壳(1)外壁面相接触的所述内廊接受安全壳(1)壁面传出的热量,所述空气经所述空气入口(10)流入所述换热液池(3)上部,所述空气接受所述换热液池(3)上表面热流体的换热之后,再混合所述换热液池(3)蒸发的蒸汽和所述安全壳(1)外壁蒸发的蒸汽并沿所述屏蔽壳(8)与所述安全壳(1)之间形成的流通空间(14)向上流动。
- 根据权利要求19所述的核电厂安全壳冷却系统的喷淋流量控制方法,其特征在于,所述屏蔽壳(8)顶部还开设有空气出口(11),经所述步骤S3后所述空气连同所述换热液池(3)及所述安全壳(1)外壁蒸发的蒸汽经所述空气出口(11)流出所述核电厂安全壳冷却系统。
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GB1612139.4A GB2536393B (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-01-13 | Nuclear power plant containment cooling system and spray flow control method therefor |
US15/111,480 US10629314B2 (en) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-01-13 | Nuclear power plant containment cooling system and spray flow control method therefor |
PCT/CN2014/070539 WO2015103790A1 (zh) | 2014-01-13 | 2014-01-13 | 核电厂安全壳冷却系统及其喷淋流量控制方法 |
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CN107908204A (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-13 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | 核电站一回路稳压器喷淋阀极化开度的标定方法及系统 |
CN112466484A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-03-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统 |
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CN107908204B (zh) * | 2017-11-17 | 2021-07-23 | 广东核电合营有限公司 | 核电站一回路稳压器喷淋阀极化开度的标定方法及系统 |
CN112466484A (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2021-03-09 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统 |
CN112466484B (zh) * | 2020-10-14 | 2024-01-23 | 中国核电工程有限公司 | 一种非能动安全壳冷却系统 |
Also Published As
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US20160372218A1 (en) | 2016-12-22 |
US10629314B2 (en) | 2020-04-21 |
GB2536393A (en) | 2016-09-14 |
GB201612139D0 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
GB2536393B (en) | 2020-10-07 |
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