EP4689374A1 - Verfahren zur aufbereitung eines elektrischen signals und steuergerät für einen nockenwellenversteller oder verbrennungsmotor zur durchführung des verfahrens - Google Patents
Verfahren zur aufbereitung eines elektrischen signals und steuergerät für einen nockenwellenversteller oder verbrennungsmotor zur durchführung des verfahrensInfo
- Publication number
- EP4689374A1 EP4689374A1 EP24710619.8A EP24710619A EP4689374A1 EP 4689374 A1 EP4689374 A1 EP 4689374A1 EP 24710619 A EP24710619 A EP 24710619A EP 4689374 A1 EP4689374 A1 EP 4689374A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sampling rate
- rate interval
- camshaft
- quantization level
- changes
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/22—Safety or indicating devices for abnormal conditions
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/24—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means
- F02D41/2403—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents characterised by the use of digital means using essentially up/down counters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing an electrical signal which is generated continuously over time and based on measured values of a sensor and is transmitted to a conductor exposed to disturbances.
- the invention relates to a control device for an internal combustion engine or a camshaft adjuster.
- DE 10 2012 219 297 A1 describes a method for operating a motor vehicle which includes an engine control unit and additionally a camshaft adjustment control unit.
- a CAN bus is provided for data transmission.
- the camshaft adjustment control unit can be started before the engine control unit has finished booting up.
- WO 2006/ 122 665 A1 describes a topology for generating a control signal for an electrically operated camshaft adjuster.
- a control unit is integrated into a control device. Hall sensors are provided to detect the states of the camshaft adjuster.
- the electrical signals are evaluated by sensors from the trigger wheels of the crankshafts and camshafts.
- the cables between the control units and the sensors are comparatively long. The cables are exposed to a variety of interference in the engine compartment.
- the signal evaluation is therefore usually difficult and generally more complex than with engine control units.
- the invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art and in particular of processing an electrical signal that has been exposed to electrical interference.
- This object is achieved according to the invention by a method for processing an electrical signal according to claim 1.
- the object is also achieved by a control device with the features of claim 10.
- the embodiments and advantages of the invention explained below in connection with the control device also apply mutatis mutandis to the method and vice versa.
- the method according to the invention is based on the knowledge that the voltage peaks and signal noise components radiated into many useful signals have a different duration than their average change. If the temporal and/or magnitude change of the useful signal is roughly known in advance, the proposed method offers a simple way of eliminating interference without having to resort to a computationally intensive Fourier transformation unit.
- the method according to the invention is suitable, for example, for signals whose value changes continuously.
- the continuous change is to be understood in the mathematical sense that there are no sudden changes in the signal. This applies, for example, to signals that are measured values of continuously changing quantities.
- the method is also well suited for signals whose value changes abruptly if the timing of the change is predictable within certain limits, especially if the changes occur periodically.
- a Hall sensor can use a trigger wheel to detect the rotational speed of a shaft.
- Trigger wheels have gears that are easy to detect with magnetic detection because an edge peak is generated due to the proportionality of the induced voltage to the first derivative of the field change. This does not need to be recorded in its absolute value, but can simply be registered as present/not present and therefore only needs to be counted.
- a prerequisite for the method is that a suitable sampling rate interval can be selected. This requirement is easy to meet for many applications, since a measurement can be based on previously measured values, for example, and many physical quantities do not change suddenly. If there are no measured values from the past that can be used sensibly, assumptions can be made. plausibility. For example, for a stationary motor, the speed of its motor shaft can be assumed to be zero.
- the sampling rate interval can be set to be unchangeable. For example, it is hardware-coded or set once at the start of the process without subsequently changing. Alternatively, the sampling rate interval is set in a controlled or regulated manner. The re-setting can take place after each measurement or can be linked to predetermined periods of time, measured value results and/or external conditions.
- Quantization levels are also specified for the process. Their number and level depends on the application; two quantization levels are sufficient for digital signals.
- the number of changes in the quantization level is determined.
- a change in the measured value only occurs when a certain threshold is exceeded, so that the measured value is assigned to a different quantization level. This reliably eliminates noise components and random fluctuations.
- interference that affects the electrical signal is due to long cables. Interference is usually reflected in the signal curve through the first derivative of the interference, which is why voltage peaks occur.
- the invention takes advantage of the fact that these voltage peaks last comparatively short and cause no or a double change in the quantization interval. If the sampling rate interval is chosen to be significantly larger, for example an order of magnitude larger, than the duration of the average voltage peaks caused by interference radiation, a double change in the quantization level can be safely attributed to interference.
- the method according to the invention therefore rejects all even-numbered changes in a quantization level within the sampling interval.
- the proposed method is particularly suitable for digital signals. However, it is also suitable for analog signals that are quantized into two or more quantization levels after transmission through the conductor.
- the method according to the invention enables the use of comparatively long cables without additional requirements being placed on their shielding. This also opens up the possibility of placing a control unit that evaluates the signals further away, which enables a more flexible installation location in an internal combustion engine, so that the control unit is exposed to less heat or better packaging is possible.
- noise also makes the evaluation of edge peaks more difficult.
- the quality of the signal can be further improved by filtering it beforehand.
- a low-pass filter is provided for this purpose, for example.
- the hysteresis can also be processed using a logic filter that evaluates the individual edge patterns.
- the number of changes in the quantization level in the current and previous sampling rate interval is set to zero. This is based on the consideration that the measured value fluctuates either around the threshold value that separates the quantization levels or that the two edges of a disturbance are randomly distributed over two different sampling intervals.
- the proposed method is particularly suitable for a control unit of an electric or hydraulic camshaft adjuster of an internal combustion engine, which carries out the method steps.
- the internal combustion engine is designed as a reciprocating piston engine and comprises a crankshaft and at least one camshaft in a basic structure known per se.
- An electromechanically adjustable actuating gear is provided for adjusting the camshaft, which is, for example, a three-shaft gear, in particular a wave gear.
- the camshaft adjuster can be operated as follows:
- the angular position of the crankshaft is continuously determined, with an incremental detection of angular changes starting from a detected reference angular position;
- a reference position of the camshaft is detected, in particular by means of a trigger disc
- the difference between the two angular positions mentioned, i.e. the phase difference between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is calculated and used to control the electric motor driving the adjustment shaft.
- the reference position of the camshaft is recorded, whereby the corresponding signal is usually made available to the engine control unit of the combustion engine anyway.
- the said signal contains edge peaks that can be counted.
- the angular changes of the crankshaft are recorded with a finer resolution than the angular changes of the rotor of the electric motor, which is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the adjustment shaft of the actuating gear. Due to the given By setting the positive or negative reduction ratio of the actuating gear, a very fine resolution of the angular position of the camshaft is possible.
- angular positions of both the crankshaft and the rotor of the electric motor which lie between two positions that can be discretely distinguished from one another using sensor signals, are approximately determined mathematically by temporal extrapolation. It is assumed here that the shaft in question, i.e. the motor shaft of the electric motor or the crankshaft, rotates at a practically constant speed during the period to which the interpolation refers.
- the internal combustion engine comprises a crankshaft, at least one camshaft that can be adjusted electromechanically via an actuating gear, in particular a wave gear, an engine control unit and a camshaft control unit provided for controlling an actuating motor that actuates the actuating gear, namely an electric motor, wherein the engine control unit is linked to a device for detecting the angular position of the crankshaft and the camshaft control unit is linked to the engine control unit, and wherein the only means for detecting the angular position of the camshaft are a device for detecting a reference position of the camshaft to be adjusted and a device for detecting the angular position of the shaft of the actuating motor, and the camshaft control unit is designed to determine the phase position of the camshaft in relation to the crankshaft on the basis of the information provided by these devices in combination with the detected angular position of the crankshaft and the transmission ratio of the actuating gear.
- the electric actuator of the camshaft adjuster is designed as a permanent magnet synchronous motor.
- the electric motor has four or six pole pairs, for example. Changes in the angular position of the rotor of the electric motor can be detected using Hall sensors, for example.
- the engine control unit comprises a memory that stores the flanks of a crankshaft trigger wheel detected during rotation of the crankshaft.
- a test mechanism can also be implemented to check that the recorded data is free of logical contradictions.
- This type of signal processing can also be implemented in the camshaft control unit.
- the camshaft control unit includes a memory.
- a maximum of one pulse is evaluated within the sampling rate interval; all other pulses are discarded.
- the evaluation of the edge patterns from the useful signal and the suppression of edge peaks that are due to disturbances works particularly reliably if the sampling rate interval is not selected to be constant, but is adjusted to the expected signal sequence. Therefore, in a further development, it is planned that the sampling rate interval is dependent on the speed of the shaft to be measured.
- the sampling rate interval must be selected so that it is smaller than the expected minimum duration between two useful pulses and longer than the typical duration of a disturbance.
- the evaluation in the control unit which is easy to carry out in this way by counting pulses, frees up computing capacity that can be used for other tasks. For example, a multiple edge angle calculation of the camshaft and crankshaft can be carried out in order to be able to carry out a fallback calculation if the crankshaft sensor signal or one of the Hall signals is lost. For this purpose, a further development suggests carrying out a calculation for several cam edges (rising and falling) and/or a partial selection of the signals (e.g. using only every second or third value). In the case of short interference, for example, this increases the chance of determining a plausible measured value.
- the embodiment relates to a control unit for an electric camshaft adjuster and is shown schematically using figures. Shown are:
- Fig. 1 Components of an internal combustion engine with electromechanical camshaft adjustment in an overview
- Fig. 2 the interaction between an engine control unit and a camshaft control unit of the combustion engine
- Fig. 3 the relationship between measurements on the crankshaft and a camshaft of the combustion engine
- Fig. 4a a schematic, analogue useful signal with interference signals
- Fig. 4b a schematic, digital useful signal with interference signals
- FIG. 5a-h show various possible signal patterns that can occur within a sampling rate interval.
- An internal combustion engine designated overall in Figure 1 with the reference number 1 and constructed as an in-line engine, comprises a crankshaft 2 and two camshafts 3, 4, namely an intake camshaft 3 and an exhaust camshaft 4.
- the internal combustion engine could also be a reciprocating piston engine of a different type, for example a V-engine, which has two intake and two exhaust camshafts.
- the camshafts 3, 4 are driven by the crankshaft 2 via chain gears 5, 6.
- Each camshaft 3, 4 is adjustable using an electromechanical camshaft adjuster 7, 8.
- the camshaft adjuster 7, 8 has a three-shaft gear constructed as a wave gear as an adjusting gear 9, 10.
- An input-side shaft of the adjusting gear 9, 10 is driven by the chain gear 5, 6.
- the output-side shaft of the adjusting gear 9, 10 is connected in a rotationally fixed manner to the camshaft 3, 4 to be adjusted.
- a third shaft of each adjusting gear 9, 10 can be driven by an electric motor 11, 12 assigned to the respective camshaft adjuster 7, 8.
- the motor shaft of the electric motor 11, 12, designated 29 ( Figure 2), on which a rotor 28 is attached is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner, optionally via a compensating coupling, to the third shaft of the actuating gear 9, 10.
- the so-called third shaft is an inner ring of a wave generator of the actuating gear 9, 10 designed as a wave gear.
- the electric motors 11, 12 are connected to a camshaft control unit 17 via connecting lines 13 and signal lines 14. Plug connections of the electric motor 11, 12 for the connecting lines 13 are designated with 15, plug connections for the signal lines 14 with 16. The aforementioned lines 13, 14 are connected to a plug connection 18 of the camshaft control unit 17. Hall signals are transmitted via the signal lines 14, which are obtained with the aid of Hall sensors (not shown) and provide information about changes in the angular position of the rotor 28. The Hall sensors are assigned to a rotor position detection device designated overall with 44.
- the camshaft control unit 17 is connected to the engine control unit of the internal combustion engine 1, designated 21, via a data bus 19, namely CAN bus, and a signal line 20.
- a crankshaft sensor 23 is connected to the engine control unit 21 via a crankshaft line 22.
- the crankshaft sensor 23 scans a crankshaft trigger wheel 27, which is firmly connected to the crankshaft 2.
- Sensors 24, 25 are also connected to the engine control unit 21, each of which interacts with a trigger disk 26, which is connected to a camshaft 3, 4.
- Figure 2 illustrates data processing operations in the engine control unit 21 (left) and in the camshaft control unit 17 (right).
- the signal generated with the aid of the trigger disk 26 is processed within the engine control unit 21.
- the trigger disk 26 schematically has a single elevation 32.
- One flank of the elevation 32 is designated 33.
- a camshaft trigger is provided in a manner known per se with the flank 33 of the trigger disk 26.
- a logical connection is established between the camshaft trigger and the scanning of the crankshaft trigger wheel 27.
- the crankshaft trigger wheel 27 has teeth 35 which, together with an adjacent gap located between two teeth 35, each cover an angle of 6°. By omitting two teeth, a recess 36 is formed, the first tooth 35 adjacent to the recess 36 representing a reference marking 34.
- the signal detected with the aid of the reference marking 34 is also referred to as a TD signal.
- a copy of this TD signal, to which a further marking may be added, is sent from the engine control unit 21 via the signal line 20 to the camshaft control unit 17.
- the TD signal which indicates a reference angular position of the crankshaft, is logically linked to features of the electric motor 11, 12.
- Hall signals HSA, HSB, HSC which provide information about changes in the angular position of the rotor 28, is shown schematically in Each combination of the Hall signals HSA, HSB, HSC corresponds to a bit pattern, in the example the bit patterns 010, 011, 001, 101, 100 and 110.
- each tooth 35 has a rising flank Fs and a falling flank Ff. It can be assumed with good approximation that the crankshaft speed does not change when rotating further by one tooth 35.
- the time interval which indicates a partial period when the crankshaft 2 rotates further from one tooth 35 to the next tooth 35, can be used to calculate any angular position of the crankshaft 2 between two teeth 35.
- the camshaft reference position i.e. the angular position of the camshaft 3, 4 at which the flank 33 is detected, can also be assigned to an exact angular position of the crankshaft 2.
- Figure 4a shows a signal S that is recorded and processed by one of the control units 17, 21.
- the applied voltage is plotted over time.
- the signal S consists of a useful signal 45 that is superimposed with interference pulses 46a to 46h. Due to the short-term nature of the interference signals, they induce voltages that appear as peaks due to their short duration.
- the electrical signal S is analog and is transformed into a digital signal S' in a first step.
- Two quantization levels Qi, Q2 are provided for the digital signal, which are also referred to as low and high.
- the assignment to one of the quantization levels is as follows: If the signal voltage is above an upper threshold value U2, the assignment to the quantization level Q2 is made regardless of the actual level. In a similar way, if the signal voltage is below a lower threshold value U1, the assignment to the quantization level Q1 is made. This means that, for example, the interference pulses 46b and 46h have no influence on the assignment to the quantization level Q1.
- the area between the threshold values U1 and U2 defines a transition area. If the voltage exceeds or falls below one of the threshold values over time and thus reaches the transition area, but without exceeding or falling below the other threshold value, the quantization level Qi, Q2 is not reassigned. The interference pulse 46e therefore does not cause a reassignment because the voltage exceeds the lower threshold value U1 but then falls below it again without having previously reached the level of the upper threshold value U2.
- All other interference pulses 46a, 46c, 46d, 46f and 46g are included in the digital signal S‘.
- the number of changes in the quantization level Qi, Q2 in the respective sampling rate interval T is determined. All even-numbered changes in the quantization level Qi, Q2 in the sampling rate interval T are discarded, so that only the first change is taken into account. As described below, this eliminates the interference pulses.
- the interference pulse 46a which occurs in the first sampling rate interval T, is shown in more detail in Figure 5d. It forms a double edge and thus a double change in the quantization level Qi, Q2 and is therefore not counted.
- the interference pulse 46c is located in the area in which the useful signal 45 changes from the quantization level Q2 to the quantization level Qi.
- the relevant sampling rate Interval T is shown in Fig. 5a.
- the corresponding sampling rate interval is shown in Fig. 5g.
- the five edges again form an odd number, so that they count as a change in the quantization level Qi, Q2.
- FIG. 3 shows a trigger disk 26 which differs from that in Figure 2 in that calculations are carried out on three flanks. The values shown there are used to calculate the phase angle in the case of
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102023108400.3A DE102023108400B4 (de) | 2023-04-03 | 2023-04-03 | Verfahren zur Aufbereitung eines elektrischen Signals und Steuergerät für einen Nockenwellenversteller oder Verbrennungsmotor zur Durchführung des Verfahrens |
| PCT/DE2024/100159 WO2024208390A1 (de) | 2023-04-03 | 2024-02-28 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung eines elektrischen signals und steuergerät für einen nockenwellenversteller oder verbrennungsmotor zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4689374A1 true EP4689374A1 (de) | 2026-02-11 |
Family
ID=90364173
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP24710619.8A Pending EP4689374A1 (de) | 2023-04-03 | 2024-02-28 | Verfahren zur aufbereitung eines elektrischen signals und steuergerät für einen nockenwellenversteller oder verbrennungsmotor zur durchführung des verfahrens |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4689374A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN120882964A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102023108400B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2024208390A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (16)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5278760A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1994-01-11 | Hitachi America, Ltd. | Method and system for detecting the misfire of an internal combustion engine utilizing engine torque nonuniformity |
| DE4031142C3 (de) * | 1990-10-02 | 1998-01-29 | Sick Optik Elektronik Erwin | Optischer Lichttaster und Verfahren zu seinem Betrieb |
| DE19540675C1 (de) * | 1995-10-31 | 1997-04-30 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren zur Momentenschätzung mittels Drehzahlauswertung an der Kurbelwelle einer Brennkraftmaschine |
| WO1998054483A2 (de) * | 1997-05-30 | 1998-12-03 | Luk Getriebe-Systeme Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur steuerung einer kupplung |
| DE10242659A1 (de) | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Aft Atlas Fahrzeugtechnik Gmbh | Steuereinrichtung und Verfahren zum Verstellen des Verhältnisses der Wirkelgeschwindigkeiten zwischen Nocken und Kurbelwelle |
| DE10259133A1 (de) | 2002-12-18 | 2004-07-01 | Aft Atlas Fahrzeugtechnik Gmbh | Anordnung zum Verstellen der Drehwinkelrelation zwischen Nockenwelle und Kurbelwelle |
| DE102004008757B4 (de) * | 2004-02-23 | 2006-04-06 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Paritätsprüfungs-Schaltung zur kontinuierlichen Prüfung der Parität einer Speicherzelle |
| DE102004041232B4 (de) | 2004-08-26 | 2017-07-13 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Nockenwellenverstellers |
| DE102005022714A1 (de) | 2005-05-18 | 2006-11-23 | Schaeffler Kg | Vorrichtung mit einem elektrischen Nockenwellenversteller, einer Steuereinheit und einem zentralen Steuergerät |
| DE102012219297B4 (de) | 2011-11-02 | 2023-12-28 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| DE102016105797A1 (de) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | Hochschule Ravensburg-Weingarten | Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Drehwinkels bei einem Elektromotor |
| CN111630351B (zh) * | 2018-01-11 | 2022-10-04 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 旋转角度检测装置 |
| EP3531081B1 (de) * | 2018-02-26 | 2021-04-07 | Melexis Bulgaria Ltd. | Vorrichtung zur positionsbestimmung eines betätigten objekts |
| DE102018121998A1 (de) * | 2018-09-10 | 2020-03-12 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Vorrichtungen und Verfahren zum Senden und Empfangen von Drehzahlinformationen |
| DE102019118689A1 (de) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-14 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Verbrennungsmotor und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektromechanischen Nockenwellenverstellers |
| DE102022211246A1 (de) * | 2022-10-24 | 2024-04-25 | Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Auswertung eines Signals eines induktiven Drehzahlsensors |
-
2023
- 2023-04-03 DE DE102023108400.3A patent/DE102023108400B4/de active Active
-
2024
- 2024-02-28 EP EP24710619.8A patent/EP4689374A1/de active Pending
- 2024-02-28 WO PCT/DE2024/100159 patent/WO2024208390A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2024-02-28 CN CN202480022509.8A patent/CN120882964A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102023108400A1 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
| CN120882964A (zh) | 2025-10-31 |
| DE102023108400B4 (de) | 2025-12-11 |
| WO2024208390A1 (de) | 2024-10-10 |
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