EP4634412A1 - Processus de fabrication de fer fondu et de scories liquides dans un dispositif de fusion électrique - Google Patents

Processus de fabrication de fer fondu et de scories liquides dans un dispositif de fusion électrique

Info

Publication number
EP4634412A1
EP4634412A1 EP23821209.6A EP23821209A EP4634412A1 EP 4634412 A1 EP4634412 A1 EP 4634412A1 EP 23821209 A EP23821209 A EP 23821209A EP 4634412 A1 EP4634412 A1 EP 4634412A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
liquid slag
electrodes
containing materials
iron
carbon
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23821209.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Nils JÄGER
Daniel Schubert
Julian Suer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Original Assignee
ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG filed Critical ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG
Publication of EP4634412A1 publication Critical patent/EP4634412A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/54—Processes yielding slags of special composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
    • C21C5/42—Constructional features of converters
    • C21C5/46—Details or accessories
    • C21C5/4673—Measuring and sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5211—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces in an alternating current [AC] electric arc furnace
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B3/085—Arc furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/18—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F27B3/183—Charging of arc furnaces vertically through the roof, e.g. in three points
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Electric arc furnaces ; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories or equipment, e.g. dust-collectors, specially adapted for hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D11/00—Arrangement of elements for electric heating in or on furnaces
    • F27D11/08—Heating by electric discharge, e.g. arc discharge
    • F27D11/10—Disposition of electrodes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/0014—Devices for monitoring temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0033—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge charging of particulate material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/18—Heating by arc discharge
    • H05B7/20—Direct heating by arc discharge, i.e. where at least one end of the arc directly acts on the material to be heated, including additional resistance heating by arc current flowing through the material to be heated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/02—Foam creation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D21/00—Arrangement of monitoring devices; Arrangement of safety devices
    • F27D21/02—Observation or illuminating devices
    • F27D2021/026—Observation or illuminating devices using a video installation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing molten iron and liquid slag in an electric smelter.
  • a method for producing an iron melt which is carburized during the melting process in an electric melter using carbon-containing substances is described by way of example in the applicant's DE 10 2022 118 640.7. This involves injecting carbon in a targeted manner into the cohesive zone in which the carbon can optimally dissolve in the iron melt, thus resulting in carburization of the iron melt or an increase in the carbon content in the iron melt.
  • the object of the present invention is to further develop this method in such a way that it can be easily implemented and, in particular, can ensure optimum melting performance of the electric melter.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing an iron melt and a liquid slag in an electric melter with at least two electrodes, comprising the steps of: - feeding the melter with iron-containing materials, carbon-containing materials and slag formers via several feeding points; - melting the iron-containing materials, carbon-containing materials and slag formers to produce an iron melt and a liquid slag arranged on the iron melt; - tapping the liquid slag and the iron melt; wherein the carbon-containing materials are fed in several sequences and per sequence only via a portion of the feeding points, wherein during the feeding, cones of material form below the feeding points, so that during the melting of the carbon-containing materials fed per sequence, not all electrodes are brought into contact with the cone or cones of material.
  • the electric melter has at least two electrodes, which are supplied with electrical current and thus provide the energy required to convert the solid materials into molten iron and liquid slag.
  • several electrodes can also be used, for example three, four, five, six or more than six.
  • the resistance and thus also the heat input can be increased.
  • a high heat input is preferable in order to achieve optimum melting performance of the electric melter. The inventors have determined that this procedure is not sufficient to achieve optimum carburization of the molten iron when fed with carbon-containing materials in the conventional way.
  • the invention makes use of the fact that at least one electrode is in contact with the cone of material which contains or consists of carbonaceous materials, or is surrounded by it or is immersed in it. This allows optimal carburization to take place, since the carbon in the carbonaceous materials of the cone of material or in the cone of material can dissolve directly in the molten iron through contact with the electrode at high temperatures. At least one of the other electrodes is immersed in the molten iron or liquid slag or forms an arc above the liquid slag, whereby not all electrodes (may) touch the (same) cone of material.
  • the electrode or electrodes which are in contact with the cone(s) of material is or are positioned above the molten iron or liquid slag according to one embodiment. This ensures that the energy which is provided by the (respective) electrode(s) by applying current is used to melt the carbon-containing materials in or into the cone(s).
  • the electrode or electrodes which are not in contact with the cone(s) of material are positioned in the molten iron or liquid slag or less than 150 cm, in particular less than 120 cm, preferably less than 100 cm above the molten iron or liquid slag, according to one embodiment. This achieves the necessary resistance to ensure optimum melting operation with optimum melting performance. If the current applied or the current flow is too high and thus the resistance heating is too low, at least one of the electrodes which is immersed or positioned in the molten iron or liquid slag, for example, can be raised so that an arc is formed.
  • the greater the distance between the electrode and the molten iron or liquid slag which can be up to 150 cm, in particular up to 120 cm, preferably up to 100 cm, the higher the electrical resistance.
  • the specialist knows how to optimally determine or select the distance in order to be able to form a stable arc.
  • the distance can, for example, be greater in direct current operation than in alternating current operation.
  • the charging per sequence is carried out in such a way that at least one layer of carbon-containing materials and at least one layer of iron-containing materials are applied to the liquid slag or molten iron as a cone of material. This allows optimal carburization to take place, since the carbon in the carbon-containing materials can dissolve directly in the molten iron due to the direct contact with the electrode and the resulting high temperatures.
  • the loading per sequence and the positioning of the cones and/or the positioning of the electrodes are visually monitored by means of at least one camera. This ensures that the electrode or electrodes which are in contact with the carbon-containing materials are correctly positioned.
  • the loading per sequence and the positioning of the pile cones and/or the positioning of the electrodes can be monitored by means of at least one pyrometer.
  • the pyrometer(s) detect the electromagnetic radiation emitted by the pile cone and/or the liquid slag or the molten iron, which is proportional to the temperature of the pile cone and/or the liquid slag or the molten iron, which can contribute to the control of the loading and/or positioning.
  • the electrodes can be individually supplied with current. This means that the level of current flow depends on the positioning of the electrodes, whether there is contact with the pile or in the molten iron. or liquid slag or is located above it, can be adjusted as required.
  • the charging of the carbon-containing materials changes per sequence in such a way that, depending on the sequence, each electrode is temporarily in contact with a cone of material or is immersed in the molten iron or liquid slag or is positioned above it (above) at a distance of up to 150 cm, in particular up to 120 cm, preferably up to 100 cm.
  • This locally changes the area for carburization while at the same time maintaining a sufficiently high electrical resistance.
  • This preferably generates homogeneous carburization within the molten iron.
  • the alternating charging preferably takes place shortly before tapping, whereby it enables the carbon content of the molten iron to be increased to a desired target range.
  • the flexible electrode guide can also achieve an optimized bath movement, which in turn can bring about improved mixing of the molten iron.
  • the electric smelter is preferably an OSBF (Open Slag Bath Furnace) furnace.
  • OSBF Open Slag Bath Furnace
  • SAF Submerged Electric Arc Furnace
  • the electrode or electrodes, if there are several
  • the electric arc furnaces can be designed as alternating current arc reduction furnaces (SAFac) or direct current arc reduction furnaces (SAFdc).
  • EAF Electro Arc Furnace
  • EAFac alternating current arc melting furnace
  • EAFdc direct current arc melting furnace
  • LF ladle furnace
  • the process is particularly preferably carried out in a reducing atmosphere.
  • the invention is explained in more detail using the following embodiments in conjunction with the drawing.
  • the electric melter (10) comprises a vessel (15) into which iron-containing materials, carbon-containing materials and slag formers are fed via several feeding points (12).
  • the iron-containing materials, carbon-containing materials and slag formers are melted to produce an iron melt (1) and a liquid slag (2) arranged on the iron melt (1).
  • the carbon-containing materials are fed in several sequences and per sequence only via some of the feeding points (12).
  • the positioning of the electrode (11) can be set vertically, see double arrows.
  • the loading per sequence can be carried out in particular in such a way that at least one layer (17.1) of carbonaceous materials and at least one layer (17.2) of ferrous materials are applied to the liquid slag (2) or molten iron (1) as a cone of material (17).
  • the ferrous and carbonaceous materials can be mixed, guasi as a mixture. mixture onto which liquid slag (2) or molten iron (1) is deposited as a cone of material (17).
  • the electric melter (10) can comprise a lid (16) which can close the vessel (15) at the top and thus a defined or targeted, preferably reducing atmosphere can be set within the electric melter (10).
  • the lid (16) can be arranged so that it can be moved essentially vertically, see double arrow. If a lid (16) is present, the charging points (12) are openings in the lid (16) with corresponding supply lines.
  • the required ferrous materials, carbonaceous materials and slag formers can be supplied via means not shown.
  • cones of material (17) are formed in the vessel (15) below the charging points (12).
  • the ferrous materials preferably consist of or comprise sponge iron. In addition, other ferrous materials, such as ferrous scrap, can also be supplied, for example in order to increase the recycling rate.
  • the slag formers for example lime, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide and/or aluminum oxide, are mixed in, especially if the so-called gangue of the preferably used iron sponge is not sufficient to be able to set the desired basicity of the liquid slag (2) to be tapped.
  • the setting of the desired basicity by appropriate mixing/addition of slag formers is familiar to the expert.
  • the amount of solids added depends on the desired output of the iron melt.
  • the electric melter (10) is preferably an OSBF, which requires electrical energy for melting, which can preferably be generated from renewable energy (sun, wind, water) in order to be able to reduce the CO 2 balance of the melting process, for example.
  • the liquid slag (2) is tapped off, for example, via a tapping point (13) and the molten iron (1) is tapped off via a tapping point (14) in the vessel (15).
  • FIG 2 shows a schematic plan view of the electric melter (10) or cover (16) using the example of the design in Figure 1.
  • the three electrodes (11) are arranged relatively centrally and the charging points (12) are distributed locally at a radial distance from the Electrodes (11).
  • six feeding points (12) are arranged in 60° sections in a circle around the electrodes (11).
  • nozzles can be arranged in the vessel (15), in particular in the bottom of the vessel (15), to influence the movement of the molten iron (1).
  • the electric melter (10) can also be pivoted to allow tipping and thus tapping of liquid slag (2) in one direction and molten iron (1) in the other.
  • the operation of electric melters (10) is also familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the molten iron (1) is removed and fed to a further processing step.
  • the molten iron (1) is preferably fed to a treatment in order to reduce the carbon in the molten iron (1) to a desired level. This is done, for example, using oxygen in a so-called oxygen blowing process, particularly preferably in a converter.
  • the tapped liquid melt (2) is also preferably fed to a granulation process in order to produce slag, in particular for the construction industry.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un processus de production de fer fondu (1) et de scories liquides (2) dans un dispositif de fusion électrique (10) comprenant au moins deux électrodes (11).
EP23821209.6A 2022-12-12 2023-12-06 Processus de fabrication de fer fondu et de scories liquides dans un dispositif de fusion électrique Pending EP4634412A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022132960.7A DE102022132960B4 (de) 2022-12-12 2022-12-12 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Eisenschmelze und Flüssigschlacke in einem elektrischen Einschmelzer
PCT/EP2023/084514 WO2024126200A1 (fr) 2022-12-12 2023-12-06 Processus de fabrication de fer fondu et de scories liquides dans un dispositif de fusion électrique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4634412A1 true EP4634412A1 (fr) 2025-10-22

Family

ID=89164399

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23821209.6A Pending EP4634412A1 (fr) 2022-12-12 2023-12-06 Processus de fabrication de fer fondu et de scories liquides dans un dispositif de fusion électrique

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4634412A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102022132960B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024126200A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE218957C (fr) 1900-01-01
GB1161873A (en) * 1965-09-03 1969-08-20 Gerlad Gordon Hatch Improved Method of Manufacturing Steel and Alloys of Iron in the Arc Furnace.
US3385494A (en) 1966-09-15 1968-05-28 Strategic Material Corp Scrap melting
SE400634B (sv) 1975-04-02 1978-04-03 Asea Ab Ljusbagsugn for smeltreduktion av finkornigt jernoxidhaltigt material
AT400245B (de) * 1993-12-10 1995-11-27 Voest Alpine Ind Anlagen Verfahren und anlage zum herstellen einer eisenschmelze
US6689182B2 (en) * 2001-10-01 2004-02-10 Kobe Steel, Ltd. Method and device for producing molten iron
US20070133651A1 (en) * 2005-12-14 2007-06-14 Gerhan Ronald E Method for controlling foaming of slag in an electric arc furnace
DE102022118640A1 (de) 2022-07-26 2024-02-01 Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Eisenschmelze in einem elektrischen Einschmelzer

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102022132960A1 (de) 2024-06-13
WO2024126200A1 (fr) 2024-06-20
DE102022132960B4 (de) 2024-09-19

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