Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
  • B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
  • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
  • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
  • A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
  • A44C27/002—Metallic materials
  • A44C27/003—Metallic alloys
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A44—HABERDASHERY; JEWELLERY
  • A44C—PERSONAL ADORNMENTS, e.g. JEWELLERY; COINS
  • A44C27/00—Making jewellery or other personal adornments
  • A44C27/001—Materials for manufacturing jewellery
  • A44C27/005—Coating layers for jewellery
  • A44C27/006—Metallic coatings
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
  • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
  • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/005—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects by altering locally the surface material
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
  • G04B19/06—Dials
  • G04B19/10—Ornamental shape of the graduations or the surface of the dial; Attachment of the graduations to the dial
  • G04B19/103—Ornamental shape of the graduations or the surface of the dial; Attachment of the graduations to the dial attached or inlaid numbers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
  • G04B19/06—Dials
  • G04B19/12—Selection of materials for dials or graduations markings
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
  • G04B19/06—Dials
  • G04B19/18—Graduations on the crystal or glass, on the bezel, or on the rim
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/22—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching
  • B44C1/221—Removing surface-material, e.g. by engraving, by etching using streams of abrasive particles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G04—HOROLOGY
  • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
  • G04B37/00—Cases
  • G04B37/0008—Cases for pocket watches and wrist watches
  • G04B37/0058—Cases for pocket watches and wrist watches for shaped watches

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a watch component.
• the invention also relates to a watch component as such.
• the invention also relates to a timepiece comprising such a watch component.
• the visible surface of such a component can have several different aspects, depending on the different finishing stage(s) chosen.
• the surface condition of this visible surface thus makes it possible to achieve a particular, desired aesthetic appearance.
• Such a visible surface can have reliefs relative to a main surface, made set back from this main surface, for example in the form of hollows, or conversely forming a relief protruding from this main surface.
• an object of the invention is to provide a solution for forming a watch component comprising a first surface having a surface condition different from that of a second surface, located set back from said first surface.
• the invention is based on a method for manufacturing a timepiece component for a timepiece, characterized in that it comprises a first step of manufacturing a timepiece component comprising a first surface, in which at least one recess is arranged, i.e. a surface set back from the first surface, and characterized in that it comprises a second step of terminating the timepiece component, inducing a modification of the surface condition, in particular the roughness, in particular measured by the parameters Ra and/or Str, and/or the shine, of the first surface but not of the at least one recess or of only a portion of this at least one recess.
• the at least one recess comprises a recess surface, or second surface, set back from the first surface, not covered at the time of implementation of the second termination step, this recessed hollow surface retaining an unchanged surface condition at the end of the second termination stage compared to its surface condition at the start of the second termination stage.
• the invention is also based on a watch component comprising a first surface, in which at least one hollow is arranged, characterized in that all or part of the first surface has a first surface condition obtained by tribofinishing and/or chemical-mechanical polishing and/or by tumbling and/or by trovalization and/or by sandblasting and/or by micro-blasting and/or by wet spraying, different from the second surface condition, in particular the roughness, in particular measured by the parameters Ra and/or Str, and/or the shine, of at least a portion of the at least one hollow.
• a watch component comprising a first surface, in which at least one hollow is arranged, characterized in that all or part of the first surface has a first surface condition obtained by tribofinishing and/or chemical-mechanical polishing and/or by tumbling and/or by trovalization and/or by sandblasting and/or by micro-blasting and/or by wet spraying, different from the second surface condition, in particular the roughness,
• the invention is also based on a timepiece, in particular a watch, characterized in that it comprises a timepiece component as described previously.
• the invention relates to a watch component 10 of any chemical composition and in particular made of metal and/or metal alloy and/or technical ceramic.
• a component can thus, for example, be obtained from stainless steel, precious metals, titanium, alumina, doped or undoped strontium aluminate, stabilized or unstabilized zirconia, hybrid material organic-inorganic or generally in any metal alloy or in any technical ceramic or in any composite usable in the field of watchmaking.
• technical ceramic we mean dense materials based on aluminum oxide, and/or zirconium oxide, and/or stabilized zirconium oxide, and/or nitrides, and/or carbides, and/or strontium aluminate, in particular doped.
• the watch component 10 may be a single piece or comprise a combination of different parts assembled together. Thus, it may be of a single chemical nature or a combination of chemical natures. It may therefore comprise the same material or several different materials. It may be in a single color or be of several colors.
• the invention further relates to any type of watch component.
• This watch component 10 may be a bezel, a bezel disc, but more generally any exterior element, a case, a back, a caseband, a dial, a decorative plate, or a bracelet link.
• This component may also be a component of the movement, such as a date disc for example.
• a second recessed surface 20 or hollow 20 is more precisely formed in a first surface 1 of the watch component, which constitutes all or part of the main surface 5.
• This recessed surface 20 is hollowed out in the first surface 1; an edge 4 forms an interface between the first surface 1 and the recessed surface 20.
• the latter may be flat or curved. It may, for example, be frustoconical. It may also be continuous or discontinuous, that is to say, it may be formed of several flat or curved surfaces connected by edges.
• the hollow 20 may thus take any shape. It may in particular comprise at least a third surface 2 forming a bottom, which may be connected to the first surface 1 by a connecting surface 3.
• the third surface 2 and/or the connecting surface 3 may be continuous or discontinuous.
• the second recessed surface 20 or hollow 20 may comprise a third surface 2 forming a bottom substantially parallel to the first surface 1, connected to the first surface by one or more side walls acting as a connecting surface 3 substantially perpendicular to the bottom, forming a flat-bottomed crenellated shape, as illustrated by the hollow 20 of the Figure 1a
• a background may, for example, include a symbol or an alphanumeric character intended to display a time indication or a time-derived indication or any marking.
• the second recessed surface 20 or hollow 20 may be in the form of a curved surface comprising a rounded section forming a U, as illustrated by the hollow 20 of the Figure 1b .
• the third surface 2 integrates the connecting surface 3.
• the second recessed surface 20 or hollow 20 may be in the form of a discontinuous surface comprising a V-shaped section, as illustrated by the hollow 20 of the Figure 1c .
• the second recessed surface 20 or hollow 20 may not have a bottom.
• the hollow 20 is a through surface, i.e. it passes through the watch component 10 on either side.
• the invention relates to the method for manufacturing such a watch component.
• This method comprises a first step consisting of preparing a watch component 10 comprising a main surface 5 and a first surface 1 in which at least one hollow 20 is arranged.
• This element resulting from the first stage substantially presents the final shapes and dimensions of the watch component; it will already be called a watch component, even if it is not completely finished.
• this first stage is implemented in a known manner, by any process of the state of the art.
• the first surface 1 is considered to be a surface in which at least one hollow is arranged and which is concerned by the remainder of the method, i.e. its surface condition will be modified.
• This surface condition will in particular be characterized, in a non-limiting manner, by the roughness, particularly by means of the standardized roughness parameters Ra and/or Str, and/or by the gloss, or even by the color, as will be detailed later on the basis of several examples.
• the first step might be to make a ceramic bezel disc or a decorative metal plate with recesses.
• the concept of the invention consists in implementing a second finishing/termination step, which makes it possible to finalize the surface states of the watch component, in particular which makes it possible to easily obtain different surface states between the first and second surfaces of the watch component.
• the second step of the invention more precisely implements a step of terminating the watch component 10 inducing a modification of the surface state of the first surface, for example aimed at reducing the specular reflection, without affecting or affecting as little as possible the at least one hollow (i.e. the at least one recessed surface), nor noticing a possible spared part of the main surface.
• the recessed surface 20 may optionally be affected by the second termination step at the edge 4 forming an interface between the first surface 1 and said recessed surface 20.
• the second termination step may for example affect a portion of said hollow 20 or second recessed surface 20 which is comprised between the plane P1 and a plane P2 parallel to the plane P1 and distant by a distance d from the plane P1 in the direction of the interior of said hollow, as shown in the Figures 1a to 1c .
• the surface condition of the hollow can possibly be modified over a distance d strictly less than the depth of the hollow. The depth is measured in a direction perpendicular to the planes P1 and P2.
• the distance d does not exceed 80 ⁇ m, or even 50 ⁇ m, or even 20 ⁇ m. Naturally, this distance can be zero.
• the bonding surface 3, as represented by the figures 1a or 1c , or the third surface 2 forming both a bottom and a connecting surface, as in the case represented by the Figure 1b , can however be at least partially modified by the second termination step over a depth d.
• finishing step we mean a modification of the surface condition of the first surface 1 by interposed media.
• the particularity of this finishing process is to make it possible to obtain such a result without masking protecting the hollows, with so-called "free" media and abrasives; the contact between the abrasives and the surface to be finished is made by impacts and not by friction as in the case of polishing.
• This step includes, for example, the mechanical stressing of an abrasive mixture by impacts, for example by vibratory, oscillatory or rotary movement, for example in a tank (tribofinishing). It also includes, for example, in a non-limiting manner, tumbling, and/or trovalization, and/or sandblasting and/or micro-blasting and/or wet spraying of said first surface 1.
• the finishing step uses an abrasive that may be supported by media.
• the dimension and/or geometry of the media is defined so as to prevent any contact of the media with at least a deepest portion of the recess, namely a portion arranged below a plane P2 as defined above, in particular to prevent any contact with a third surface 2 forming a bottom.
• the media may have a polyhedral, in particular pyramidal, or spherical shape. They may be made of glass, ceramic, porcelain, steatite, alumina, or zircon (ZrSiO 4 ).
• the method for manufacturing a timepiece component 10 for a timepiece may comprise an intermediate step between the two aforementioned steps, consisting of modifying the surface condition of all or part of the main surface 5 and possibly of the second recessed surface 20 aimed at maximizing specular reflection.
• This modification may form surfaces of homogeneous and isotropic topography.
• this step may correspond to polishing the surfaces aimed at making them shiny.
• the second finishing step modifies the surface condition of the first surface 1 so as to give it a homogeneous and isotropic topography with reduced specular reflection.
• this finishing step is a step of mattifying the previously polished first surface 1.
• Such an approach thus makes it possible to obtain a timepiece component 10 comprising a first matte surface 1, and a second recessed surface 20 whose surface condition surface is at least partially unchanged.
• a watch component 10 which may comprise a first matte surface 1, and a third surface 2 forming a background whose surface condition is unchanged.
• the second termination step modifies the surface condition of all or part of the main surface 5 to give the first surface 1 a homogeneous and isotropic topography, while reducing or even minimizing its specular reflection.
• the first step of manufacturing a watch component 10 may be followed by an intermediate step, such as a step of depositing a coating in the at least one recess or recessed surface, in particular of the third surface 2, single-layer or multi-layer, in particular by a step by PVD (acronym originating from the process known by the English name “Physical Vapor Deposition”), by CVD (acronym originating from the process known by the English name “Chemical Vapor Deposition”), by ALD (acronym originating from the process known by the English name “Atomic Layer Deposition”), by LBL (acronym originating from the process known by the English name “Layer by Layer”), by ink-jet, by dip-coating, by brush, by dispenser, by spraying, by nebulization or by sol-gel process.
• PVD acronym originating from the process known by the English name “Physical Vapor Deposition”
• CVD acronym originating from the process known by the
• Such a coating may comprise a layer composed of metal(s) and/or oxide(s) and/or nitride(s) and/or carbide(s) and/or nitrocarbon(s) and/or sulfide(s) and/or organic material(s), and/or inorganic material(s), and/or hybrid material(s), and/or paint, and/or lacquer, and/or enamel, and/or varnish and/or glass-ceramic, and/or polymer-based or glue-based material.
• FIG 4 is a photograph of a watch component 10 taken at the interface between the first surface 1 and the third surface 2 of a hollow, corresponding to an example comprising a hollow according to the Figure 1a , which will be detailed later.
• the method may comprise an additional step after the second termination step, for example a diamond-coating step to make a portion of the main surface, in particular of the first surface 1, shiny, for example a part forming a bevel.
• the second termination step is not necessarily the last step of the manufacturing process.
• the watch component 10 may comprise at least one second type of hollow of any other geometry and/or a multitude of hollows, of the same geometry or not, nested within each other or not. Their conformations represent different embodiment variants.
• FIG. 2 illustrates by way of example, a watch component 10 according to an alternative embodiment.
• This watch component 10 comprises a first flat surface 1, in which a hollow relief is present.
• This hollow relief consists of a hollow 20 or a second recessed surface 20 comprising a connecting surface 3, which itself comprises second hollows 21 or fourth recessed surfaces 21 each comprising a fifth surface 22 forming a bottom.
• the first hollow 20 has a V shape, as in the example of the Figure 1c
• the second recesses 21 inserted in the connecting surface of the first recess 20 have a notched shape, as in the example of the Figure 1a .
• the second termination step is chosen to only modify the surface condition of the first surface 1: thus, this step does not modify the surface condition of the recessed surfaces 20 and 21.
• the surface condition of a portion of the second recessed surface 20, between planes P1 and P2 as defined previously, may also be affected by the second termination step, without the hollows or fourth recessed surfaces 21 being affected.
• FIG 3 illustrates by way of example a watch component 10 according to another particular embodiment.
• This watch component 10 comprises a main surface 5, in which two hollows 20 and 20' are present, in different zones forming a first surface 1 possibly discontinuous between the two hollows.
• the second hollow 20' is wider than the first hollow 20 but less deep.
• the hollow 20' is accessible to the media.
• Each hollow 20, 20' is configured as defined above with reference to the Figure 1c
• the termination step thus modifies the surface condition of the first surface 1 and the second hollow 20' without affecting the first hollow 20.
• the watch component 10 made of ceramic, more precisely of yttria-containing zirconia is a bezel disc. It has a main truncated surface 5, in particular a first truncated surface 1, in which recesses or recessed surfaces in the form of crenellations are made, comprising third surfaces each forming a bottom 2 as well as vertical or substantially vertical connecting surfaces 3 ensuring the connection between the first surface 1 and the third surfaces each forming a bottom.
• the recesses have a rectangular section, with a width of 0.69 ⁇ 0.05 mm and a depth of 0.15 ⁇ 0.05 mm.
• the bezel disc already has its final geometry, with the recesses.
• the rotation is set at 300 rpm for different durations.
• the surface condition of the first surface 1 before the second tribofinishing step (roughness R1) is polished, and that of the third surface 2 forming the bottom of a hollow before the tribofinishing step (roughness R2) is sandblasted.
• the roughnesses respective values of the first surface 1 and the third surface 2 forming the bottom of a hollow become “R1'” and “R2'”.
• FIG 4 represents a photograph of a portion of the resulting watch component 10, seen from above at the interface between the first surface and the third surface 2 of a hollow.
• the top view allows the first surface 1 and the third surface 2 to be observed, as well as the location of the edge 4.
• the connecting surface is not visible.
• the first surface 1 is in the form of a matte ceramic
• the third surface 2 is in the form of a sandblasted ceramic covered with a PVD coating.
• a watch component 10 made of ceramic, more precisely of yttria-containing zirconia is a decorative plate. It has a first flat surface 1 in which crenellated recesses are made forming second surfaces set back from the first surface 1, comprising vertical or substantially vertical connecting surfaces ensuring the connection between the first surface 1 and third surfaces 2 each forming a bottom. Polishing is applied to the first surface 1 and the third surfaces 2 at the end of the first step. Then, a second tribofinishing step similar to that described in the first example is applied.
• figure 7 represents the linear roughness profile at the interface represented by the figure 6 It allows us to see the difference in roughness between the third polished surface 2 forming the bottom of the hollows, and the first matte surface 1.
• the invention uses a method for manufacturing a timepiece component for a timepiece, characterized in that it comprises a first step of manufacturing a timepiece component comprising a first surface 1, in which at least one recess 20 is arranged, that is to say a surface set back from the first surface 1, and characterized in that it comprises a second step of terminating the timepiece component, inducing a modification of the surface condition, in particular the roughness, in particular measured by the parameters Ra and/or Str, and/or the shine, of the first surface 1 but not of the at least one recess 20 or of only a portion of this at least one recess 20.
• the second termination step can modify the surface condition of the hollow 20 over a distance d strictly less than the depth of the hollow 20.
• the at least one hollow may comprise a hollow surface set back relative to the first surface, not covered at the time of implementation of the second termination step, this set back hollow surface retaining an unchanged surface state at the end of the second termination step, and/or the at least one hollow may comprise a third surface 2 forming a bottom connected to the first surface 1 by a connecting surface 3, the second termination step not modifying the surface state of the third surface 2 of the at least one hollow 20.
• the first manufacturing step may comprise the manufacturing of a watch component 10 comprising a part based on technical ceramic, said hollow 20 being located in said part based on ceramic.
• the method of manufacturing a watch component may comprise an intermediate step consisting of modifying the surface condition of all or part of the main surface 5 or of the first surface 1 and possibly of the at least one hollow 20 by increasing or maximizing their specular reflection.
• the second termination step may use an abrasive mixture comprising media whose dimension and/or geometry is defined so as to prevent any contact of the media with at least a portion of the recess 20 or the second termination step may use an abrasive mixture comprising media whose dimension and/or geometry is defined so as to prevent any contact of the media with the portion of the recess 20 positioned at a distance greater than a given distance d.
• the second finishing step may modify the surface condition of the first surface 1 by subjecting it to mechanical stress from an abrasive mixture by impacts, in particular by vibratory, oscillatory or rotary movement, in a tank, and/or includes tribofinishing, and/or chemical-mechanical polishing and/or tumbling, and/or trovalizing, and/or sandblasting and/or micro-blasting and/or wet spraying of said first surface 1.
• the first stage of manufacturing a watch component may include the manufacture of a part based on homogeneous, single-piece technical ceramic or comprising at least partially the combination of different ceramic parts.
• the method for manufacturing a timepiece component 10 for a timepiece may comprise an intermediate step of manufacturing a timepiece component 10 consisting of a step of coating the at least one hollow 20, in particular a third surface 2 forming a hollow bottom, in a single-layer or multi-layer manner, in particular by a step by PVD, by CVD, by ALD, by LBL, by brush, by dispenser, by spraying, by nebulization, by ink-jet, by dip-coating, or by sol-gel process.
• the coating may comprise a layer composed of metal(s) and/or oxide(s) and/or nitride(s) and/or carbide(s) and/or nitrocarbon(s) and/or sulfide(s) and/or organic material(s), and/or inorganic material(s), and/or hybrid material(s), and/or a paint, and/or a lacquer, and/or an enamel, and/or a varnish and/or a glass-ceramic, and/or a polymer-based or adhesive material.
• the invention also relates to a watch component 10 as such obtained by the method described above.
• This watch component 10 may be, for example, a bezel, a bezel disc, a casing element, a case, a back, a caseband, a dial, a bracelet link or a decorative plate.
• This component may also be a component of the movement, such as, for example, a date disc.
• the watch component 10 therefore comprises a first surface 1, in which at least one hollow is arranged forming at least one second surface set back from the first surface 1.
• This at least one second surface comprises for example a third surface 2 forming a hollow bottom, and a connecting surface located between the first surface 1 and the third surface 2.
• the first surface 1 has a first surface state obtained by termination without having to protect the hollows while the media and/or abrasives are set in motion towards the hollows, this first surface state being different from the second surface state of at least a portion of the at least one hollow.
• the watch component 10 may comprise a first surface 1 uniformly mattified by tribofinishing and a surface of a polished or rough hollow.
• the invention also relates to a timepiece as such, in particular a watch, more precisely a wristwatch.
• a bezel disc which is a watch component 10 produced according to an embodiment of the invention.
• This bezel disc comprises a main surface 5, for example two-tone, comprising at least one polished zone 6 and at least one matt zone 7.
• the polished disc can be protected with a mask (for example a rigid metal mask) on a zone 6 during the second tribofinishing step (here mattification from a polished surface state).
• the recesses 20 form indications, for example round, on the periphery of the bezel disc.
• These recesses have a coating to be able to present a predefined, clear and legible color.
• the surface state of these recesses is identical, regardless of their positioning within the at least one matt zone or the at least one shiny zone of the main surface 5 of the bezel disc.
• the finishing step is carried out in the presence of a hollow in the surface concerned, that is to say in the presence of a recessed relief in the first surface which is treated by the finishing step.
• this coating is of small thickness, and does not fill the entire height of the hollow, so that there always remains a hollow forming a recessed relief in the surface.
• This hollow is present before the start of the finishing step, as well as after this finishing step.
• this finishing step cannot therefore be compared to a polishing which would remove a surplus of material to form a continuous and relief-free surface, therefore without hollow, of a watch component. Indeed, in such a case, not only would the final component no longer have a hollow, that is to say no more recessed relief, contrary to the desired objective, but the surface condition would also be continuous since the entire surface would necessarily be treated identically by such polishing.
• the hollow represents a hollow relief portion arranged on a first surface.
• the surface of the hollow, or second surface is understood to be its upper surface, i.e. oriented towards said first surface. It is arranged at a lower level than said first surface since the hollow forms a hollow relief, and is not covered by another material, i.e. it opens directly to the outside, at least at the time of the second termination step.
• this termination step at least one part, preferably the part of greater depth, retains an unchanged surface condition.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Adornments (AREA)
• ing And Chemical Polishing (AREA)
• Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
• Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
• Grinding And Polishing Of Tertiary Curved Surfaces And Surfaces With Complex Shapes (AREA)

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• 2019
  • 2019-09-09 EP EP19196224.0A patent/EP3623877B1/de active Active
  • 2019-09-09 EP EP25195296.6A patent/EP4621500A3/de active Pending
  • 2019-09-11 US US16/567,198 patent/US11745536B2/en active Active
  • 2019-09-13 JP JP2019166817A patent/JP7474572B2/ja active Active
  • 2019-09-17 CN CN201910877131.0A patent/CN110900315B/zh active Active
  • 2019-09-17 CN CN202411383828.XA patent/CN119036210A/zh active Pending

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