EP4514746A1 - Verfahren unter verwendung eines molekularsiebes zur gewinnung von xenon - Google Patents
Verfahren unter verwendung eines molekularsiebes zur gewinnung von xenonInfo
- Publication number
- EP4514746A1 EP4514746A1 EP23716179.9A EP23716179A EP4514746A1 EP 4514746 A1 EP4514746 A1 EP 4514746A1 EP 23716179 A EP23716179 A EP 23716179A EP 4514746 A1 EP4514746 A1 EP 4514746A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stream
- xenon
- sulfur hexafluoride
- follow
- feed stream
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B23/00—Noble gases; Compounds thereof
- C01B23/001—Purification or separation processes of noble gases
- C01B23/0036—Physical processing only
- C01B23/0052—Physical processing only by adsorption in solids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
- F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
- F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
- F25J3/04642—Recovering noble gases from air
- F25J3/04745—Krypton and/or Xenon
- F25J3/04751—Producing pure krypton and/or xenon recovered from a crude krypton/xenon mixture
- F25J3/04757—Producing pure krypton and/or xenon recovered from a crude krypton/xenon mixture using a hybrid system, e.g. using adsorption, permeation or catalytic reaction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0029—Obtaining noble gases
- C01B2210/0035—Krypton
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0045—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0073—Sulfur halides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
- F25J2205/60—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using adsorption on solid adsorbents, e.g. by temperature-swing adsorption [TSA] at the hot or cold end
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
- F25J2215/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the product stream
- F25J2215/36—Xenon
Definitions
- the noble gases krypton and xenon which occur in the air with a content of around 1 ppm krypton and 0.09 ppm xenon, can be obtained by converting considerable amounts of air into air separation plants.
- the boiling points of krypton and xenon are 120 K and 165 K respectively, i.e. well above the boiling temperatures of nitrogen, oxygen and the other noble gases. Krypton and xenon therefore accumulate in the usual double column rectifiers together with various hydrocarbons in liquid oxygen.
- part of the liquid oxygen enriched with krypton and xenon can be removed from the main condenser and fed into a krypton enrichment column.
- a so-called krypton-xenon concentrate is then obtained from the enrichment column, which contains approx. 1% krypton, 0.5% hydrocarbons and 0.1% xenon.
- the main component is oxygen.
- the concentrate obtained in the krypton enrichment column can be evaporated under supercritical pressure, heated to approx. 500 ° C and passed over a catalyst, whereby the hydrocarbons are decomposed into water vapor and carbon dioxide, whereby nitrous oxide can also be converted into nitrogen and oxygen on the catalyst.
- the water vapor and carbon dioxide can be adsorptively removed from the concentrate using molecular sieves.
- the oxygen can be removed overhead and a highly enriched krypton-xenon concentrate can be obtained.
- krypton and xenon can then be separated from each other.
- Low-temperature air separation plants produce very strong krypton and xenon enriched.
- the disadvantage here is that trace contaminants in the air are also enriched. These primarily include fluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride. Tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane and the aforementioned sulfur hexafluoride are particularly critical, as these compounds can pass through molecular sieve adsorbers. Due to the similar boiling point, sulfur hexafluoride accumulates together with xenon (similar boiling point) and the other two components in krypton.
- Sulfur hexafluoride has similar physical properties to xenon and is therefore difficult to separate from it. Sulfur hexafluoride therefore follows xenon in the air separation process.
- the present invention aims to improve corresponding processes for obtaining xenon, in particular by effectively and cost-effectively removing sulfur hexafluoride from the process.
- the present invention provides a method for obtaining xenon, wherein a first feed stream containing xenon and sulfur hexafluoride is fed to a rectification step, with the rectification step forming a first follow-up stream which contains xenon and is enriched in sulfur hexafluoride compared to the first feed stream , wherein a second feed stream is formed using at least part of the first follow-on stream, the second feed stream being subjected to an adsorption step, and wherein a second follow-up stream is formed by means of the adsorption step, which contains xenon and is depleted in sulfur hexafluoride compared to the feed mixture.
- adsorption in this application refers to physical adsorption (also called physisorption), i.e. a process that is based solely on physical processes. This means that chemical processes for sorption such as chemisorption and getters in particular are excluded. Getters and other chemisorbents differ from adsorbents in that they bind the sobed substances very strongly. In contrast to adsorbents, they cannot be regenerated in the process but must be replaced after use.
- the process proposed here includes a (cryogenic) rectification separation to which xenon containing sulfur hexafluoride (the “first feed stream”) is fed and in which the slightly lighter xenon is recovered as overhead gas.
- the rectification separation a mixture of a few percent by volume of sulfur hexafluoride in xenon is obtained as a bottom liquid (using which the “first follow-on stream” is formed).
- the content of sulfur hexafluoride in the first feed stream in the context of the present invention can be 20 Vppm (millionths of a volume) to 300 Vppm or 50 Vppm to 150 Vppm and in the bottom liquid can be up to 1 to 10 or 2 to 4 percent by volume.
- the overhead gas can in particular contain less than 10 Vppm or less than 1 Vppm sulfur hexafluoride.
- the first feed stream, the bottom product and the overhead gas are in particular free or essentially free of other components such as, in particular, krypton and oxygen, ie they contain such other components to a maximum of 1 Vppm.
- the bottom product must not be free of krypton and oxygen as it can be fed back upstream in the process after sulfur hexafluoride has been removed.
- the bottom liquid or a part of it can be continuously withdrawn and discarded.
- the bottom liquid can also be discharged discontinuously and treated by adsorption. Both ways prevent sulfur hexafluoride from accumulating in the circuit.
- the present invention provides a possibility for increasing the yield of xenon in the production of pure xenon or the production of high-purity krypton and xenon, which is particularly similar to that explained at the beginning with reference to EP 0 863 375 A1 Solution proves to be clearly advantageous.
- dispensing with chemisorption which can also be used in principle, the solution proposed according to the invention can be implemented in a structurally and operationally simpler manner.
- the adsorption step is carried out using an adsorbent on which xenon is retained more strongly than sulfur hexafluoride, the second follow-on stream being formed during a desorption phase in which the adsorbent is flushed using a purge gas stream.
- the adsorption step is carried out in particular using a molecular sieve whose pore size is selected such that xenon, but not the significantly larger sulfur hexafluoride, can enter it and is therefore retained in it.
- These embodiments therefore include the use of a particularly commercially available adsorbent whose pores are too small for the adsorption of the relatively large molecule sulfur hexafluoride, for example molecular sieve 5A.
- adsorbent whose pores are too small for the adsorption of the relatively large molecule sulfur hexafluoride, for example molecular sieve 5A.
- xenon are well retained, whereby sulfur hexafluoride can pass through the adsorbent essentially without retention.
- the adsorbent fills with xenon until it breaks through at the exit.
- xenon throws the very weakly adsorbing sulfur hexafluoride completely out of its adsorption sites, ie when a xenon breakthrough occurs, the adsorbent is practically free of sulfur hexafluoride.
- nitrogen, oxygen, krypton or other weakly adsorbing gases xenon accumulates in the a
- the purge gas stream can be provided during the desorption phase in corresponding embodiments of the invention, in particular at a temperature in a temperature range of 0 to 200 ° C, and the second feed stream can be supplied to the adsorption step in gaseous form and at a temperature in a temperature range of -100 to 30 ° C or 0 to 20 °C. There is no need to increase the temperature during the desorption phase. In this case, however, more purge gas (e.g. nitrogen) is required.
- more purge gas e.g. nitrogen
- the temperature of the second feed stream is of minor importance for the performance of the adsorption, but rather the temperature of the adsorption bed at the beginning of the adsorption phase is of decisive importance for the resulting temperature equilibrium. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the invention, the bed is pre-cooled, for example to approximately 5 ° C., which is desirable in order to increase the adsorption capacity. In a corresponding embodiment of the invention, the adsorbent is therefore pre-cooled before an adsorption phase.
- the adsorbent serves as a temporary storage for xenon gas, which can later be desorbed using a corresponding purge gas stream at, in particular, a higher temperature and low pressure.
- the purge gas stream can be, for example, an oxygen-rich raw krypton-xenon stream, which is used to feed the noble gas production. In this way, xenon can be reintroduced into the production process with almost no sulfur hexafluoride content.
- Feeding such a current into the process can in particular upstream of a catalytic methane removal or shortly afterwards, but in particular before existing molecular sieve adsorbers for carbon dioxide removal and drying, that is, the desorption gas or the second follow-up stream is fed in in the warm part of the production system, i.e. a part of a corresponding system that is at temperatures above 0 °C is operated.
- the predominantly nitrogen purge gas stream contains.
- a purge gas stream containing krypton, xenon and oxygen can be used.
- the purge gas stream leaves the adsorber together with the desorbed xenon as a second follow-up stream.
- the second follow-on stream can be subjected to a krypton-xenon separation, with the first feed stream being formed using krypton-xenon separation.
- the adsorbent to be used can either be flowed through continuously by xenon from the column bottom contaminated with sulfur hexafluoride or discontinuously.
- xenon contaminated with sulfur hexafluoride can be slowly filled into a storage container and later removed from this at a different flow rate and passed into the adsorbent, which holds xenon but allows sulfur hexafluoride to pass through.
- a xenon breakthrough at the adsorption end can be monitored analytically in the adsorption step.
- an auxiliary stream of poorly adsorbing gas can be used during adsorption and desorption in order to maintain a measurable flow in the adsorber.
- Forming the second feed stream and forming the purge gas stream can therefore include metering in an auxiliary gas stream which contains at least one gas, in particular nitrogen, which adsorbs more poorly than xenon in the adsorption step.
- nitrogen can be metered into the adsorber during the adsorption phase as well as during the desorption phase. This nitrogen goes into the second follow-up stream and can be comparatively easily separated again from this in a rectification into which the second follow-up stream is returned.
- the amount of the metered addition can be 0.5 times to 5 times the xenon stream, i.e. the first follow-up stream or a part used by it, or the auxiliary gas stream can be in an amount to the first follow-up stream or to the amount used to form the second feed stream part used, which corresponds to 0.5 times to 5 times the first follow current or the part mentioned.
- the desorption gas i.e. the second follow-up stream
- the desorption gas can be transferred to a storage balloon, which absorbs all of the noble gas-rich residual gases produced during the fine cleaning process.
- the contents can then be returned upstream into the process, if necessary using a compressor or blower.
- the adsorption step can be carried out using adsorption containers with a container diameter of, for example, 0.6 meters and a bed height of 1.5 meters, if necessary with a safety margin of 0.5 meters.
- the second feed stream can be provided, for example, with 6 standard cubic meters per hour and a content of 33% xenon and the remainder nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride.
- Its temperature can be, for example, 15 to 25 ° C, in particular approximately 20 ° C, and its pressure can be 1.3 to 1.7 bar absolute pressure, in particular approximately 1.5 bar absolute pressure.
- approx. 8 standard cubic meters of xenon can be stored with a loading time of 4 hours.
- a corresponding embodiment of the invention therefore includes using the first feed stream to pass a first amount of nitrogen, which is introduced via the auxiliary gas stream, over the adsorbent in a first time interval during the adsorption phase and using the purge gas stream to pass a second amount of nitrogen, which is introduced via the auxiliary gas stream is to pass over the adsorbent in a second time interval during the desorption phase.
- the first and second amounts of nitrogen do not differ by more than 10% or are essentially identical.
- the second feed stream is fed to the adsorber discontinuously.
- a collection in the column sump lasting several months to a year is followed by an adsorption phase of approximately one day.
- nitrogen is passed into the adsorber as a purge gas and desorption begins.
- the desorption time is of the same order of magnitude but slightly longer than the adsorption time. This means that adsorption/desorption can be operated with a single container - in contrast to what is shown in the drawing.
- sulfur hexafluoride is retained on an adsorbent together with other easily adsorbing impurities such as nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide, whereas xenon breaks through much earlier.
- a solution advantageously comprises a pair of adsorbers that are alternately adsorbed and then thermally regenerated.
- the emerging xenon can in particular be condensed into a storage container until sulfur hexafluoride appears at the adsorber outlet. The more strongly adsorbing sulfur hexafluoride throws xenon almost completely out of its adsorption sites, ie the xenon loss is low at the end of the adsorption cycle.
- the adsorption step can therefore be carried out using a molecular sieve whose pore size is selected such that sulfur hexafluoride can enter it.
- the adsorption process is preferably carried out discontinuously in only a single container (batch process), as has already been explained above and is described in claim 14.
- the adsorbent can be contained in two or more adsorber containers, which are operated with a time delay from one another in the adsorption/desorption phase.
- Figure 1 illustrates a method 100 for producing xenon according to an embodiment of the invention.
- each of the rectification steps 110, 120 and 10 is shown extremely schematically as rectification columns, each with a bottom reboiler 111, 121 and 11 and a top condenser 112, 122 and 12.
- Each of the rectification steps 110, 120 and 10 also includes the associated heat exchangers, lines, valves and containers, even if these are not shown in Figure 1.
- the rectification steps 110, 120 and 10 can also internally comprise more than one column, for example two to five columns. They can be located in the same place; However, they are usually at least partially set up in different locations. An intermediate product is transported in between, for example in a gas bottle or a liquid container. None of this is shown in the simplified drawing.
- a first rectification step (C1) which is not shown in the drawing, is often integrated directly into a low-temperature air separation plant. Its product is usually stored in a liquid tank and transported from time to time by means of a tanker to the location of the rectification step 110 (C2). As a rule, liquids from several C1 systems are collected and further processed here. Since the quantities processed are becoming ever smaller, one C3 plant is often sufficient for a larger geographical area, for example a medium-sized European country, in which all C2 products are collected and further processed.
- the rectification column 110 is operated as a separation device for oxygen and the rectification column 120 as a separation device for xenon and krypton.
- a pre-cooled raw mixture 101 which can contain, for example, 5,000 ppm krypton and xenon in oxygen, becomes oxygen separated overhead into a top stream 103, so that a bottom stream 102 of the rectification column 110 essentially contains krypton and xenon with the impurities explained at the beginning.
- a krypton-rich fraction and a xenon-rich fraction are formed in the rectification column 120, so that a top stream 105 containing essentially krypton and impurities and a bottom stream 104 containing essentially xenon with, for example, approximately 100 ppm sulfur hexafluoride can be withdrawn from the rectification column 120.
- the top stream 105 can be passed into further cleaning, which is not separately illustrated here since it is not necessarily the subject of the invention.
- the krypton and xenon-containing raw mixture 101 which, as mentioned, still contains a predominant proportion of oxygen, can, for example, be a correspondingly concentrated raw mixture from an air separation plant that has been freed of at least hydrocarbons, nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide.
- the raw mixture 101 can, for example, be passed through a deoxo stage and a dryer and pass through a heat exchanger, not shown here, in which it is cooled in countercurrent to a cold stream, for example the oxygen stream or overhead stream 103 from the first rectification column 100.
- the feed does not have to be in the middle of the rectification column 110.
- the rectification columns illustrated in Figure 1 can be designed as packed or packed columns with any sections.
- the first rectification column 110 can, for example, be operated at a pressure in a range of 1.5 to 5 bar (abs.).
- the top condenser of the rectification column 110 can be operated, for example, with a liquid cryogenic coolant.
- a liquid cryogenic coolant typically liquid nitrogen, liquid oxygen, liquid argon or mixtures thereof.
- the feed into the rectification column 120 does not necessarily have to be in the middle.
- the operating pressure of the rectification column 120 can be 0.5 to 4 bar below the explained pressure of the rectification column 110.
- the material stream 104 can be used in particular to form a first feed stream 1, to which reference has already been made many times before.
- the material stream 1 is fed to a rectification step 10 or the corresponding rectification column.
- a material stream 2 referred to here as the first subsequent stream, is formed using bottom liquid, which contains xenon and is enriched in sulfur hexafluoride compared to the first feed stream 1. Furthermore, using overhead gas, a pure xenon stream 3 essentially freed from sulfur hexafluoride in the rectification is formed.
- Part of the method 100 is an adsorption step 20, which in the example shown here is carried out using adsorber containers 21, 22 each containing the same adsorption material, which are operated in alternating mode, as is fundamentally known from the field of adsorption technology and is therefore not shown in detail here.
- the second follow-up stream 5 contains xenon and is depleted in sulfur hexafluoride compared to the second feed stream 4. It can be recycled upstream into the process 100.
- the second follow-up stream 5 is formed during a desorption phase in which the adsorbent is flushed using a flushing gas stream 6.
- adsorption step 20 is carried out using a molecular sieve whose pore size is selected such that xenon, but not sulfur hexafluoride, can enter it.
- the purge gas stream 6 can contain krypton, xenon and oxygen and the second follow-up stream 5 can then comprise at least part of the purge gas stream 6.
- a material stream enriched in sulfur hexafluoride will be formed as a third follow-on stream 7, which flows out of the respective adsorption material. This is removed from the process, for example by being discarded.
- the second follow-up stream 5 is returned to the process, for example by being introduced into a storage balloon 30. Residual gases that still contain krypton or xenon to an extent that is worth processing can be introduced into this balloon. They can come from any step of the overall system 100, in particular from the third rectification step 10.
- the largely unpressurized gas 31 from the balloon 30 is returned - if necessary by means of a blower - to the entrance to the rectification stage 110, in particular before a warm pretreatment at the entrance to the C2 stage.
- the corresponding amount of xenon is retained for product extraction.
- the follow-on stream 5 during an adsorption phase, namely in those configurations in which the adsorption step 20 is carried out using an adsorbent on which xenon is retained weaker than sulfur hexafluoride.
- the adsorption step 20 is carried out using a molecular sieve whose pore size is selected such that sulfur hexafluoride can enter it.
- a purge gas stream 6 is fed in during a desorption phase, which desorbs the sulfur hexafluoride and transfers it into a material stream 7.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Separation Of Gases By Adsorption (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22020191 | 2022-04-28 | ||
| PCT/EP2023/025169 WO2023208412A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-04-12 | Verfahren unter verwendung eines molekularsiebes zur gewinnung von xenon |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4514746A1 true EP4514746A1 (de) | 2025-03-05 |
Family
ID=81448833
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP23716179.9A Pending EP4514746A1 (de) | 2022-04-28 | 2023-04-12 | Verfahren unter verwendung eines molekularsiebes zur gewinnung von xenon |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4514746A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20250006053A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN119053550A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023208412A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19708780A1 (de) | 1997-03-04 | 1998-09-10 | Linde Ag | Verfahren zur Krypton- und Xenongewinnung |
-
2023
- 2023-04-12 CN CN202380034543.2A patent/CN119053550A/zh active Pending
- 2023-04-12 EP EP23716179.9A patent/EP4514746A1/de active Pending
- 2023-04-12 KR KR1020247035303A patent/KR20250006053A/ko active Pending
- 2023-04-12 WO PCT/EP2023/025169 patent/WO2023208412A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023208412A1 (de) | 2023-11-02 |
| CN119053550A (zh) | 2024-11-29 |
| KR20250006053A (ko) | 2025-01-10 |
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