Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
  • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
  • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
  • H10F77/492—Spectrum-splitting means, e.g. dichroic mirrors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
  • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
  • H10F19/804—Materials of encapsulations
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
  • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
  • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells

Definitions

• the invention relates to a front substrate for a solar module, in particular for mobile applications.
• Solar modules are often constructed with a rear element, which can also be referred to as a back panel, a front element, which can also be referred to as a cover or front substrate, and the solar cell itself, which protects against unwanted influences and increases the stability between the back panel and the cover is arranged.
• a rear element which can also be referred to as a back panel
• a front element which can also be referred to as a cover or front substrate
• the solar cell itself which protects against unwanted influences and increases the stability between the back panel and the cover is arranged.
• the individual components of the solar module can be optimized with regard to the desired application.
• the front substrate can be of particular importance here, and it must also be designed to be transparent to the relevant radiation.
• the present invention is based on the object of providing a front substrate which is optimized for various mobile applications and can therefore be used in a variety of ways, in particular for mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects, and at the same time can be produced as inexpensively as possible and also as cost-effectively as possible Structure of the solar module or a reduction in the costs of other components of the solar module is permitted.
• One aspect of the task is also high solarization resistance.
• the front substrate is intended in particular for mobile applications, for example mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects.
• the front substrate can contribute to reducing the weight of the solar module, which can be advantageous for some mobile applications.
• a weight-reduced solar module can be used in particular for manned or unmanned flying objects, e.g. B. for passenger aircraft, gliders, drones, if necessary. also rockets, satellites, etc. , and also be beneficial for vehicles or mobile devices.
• battery weight can also be saved if some power can be supplied via a solar module.
• especially aircraft or Flying objects can also have a high level of UV radiation or particle radiation.
• the transmission curve T(X) can also ensure a protective effect for applications in aircraft or flying objects in which a high level of UV radiation can prevail. Overall, this enables versatile applicability for a wide variety of mobile applications.
• solar modules that have an adhesive layer to connect the front substrate to the solar cell or For laminating the solar cell, cheaper adhesive materials can be used.
• the combination of the mentioned weight per unit area and the transition transmission which defines a relatively high UV edge, work together in such a way that savings are made in the material of other components, e.g. B. the glue, the solar module, become possible and its overall weight can be reduced.
• the above refers. g. Transmission curve T(X) to a reference thickness of 100pm.
• a conversion to a different thickness is possible by carrying out a thickness measurement, a transmission measurement and a dispersion measurement, i.e. a determination of the wavelength-dependent refractive index, for the glass of the different thickness, from which the pure transmission and the absorption coefficient are calculated.
• the pure transmission for the reference thickness of 1 O Ogm can then be calculated and, taking the reflection losses into account, the transmission for the reference thickness of 1 O Ogm can be calculated.
• the front side substrate has a basis weight of less than 400 g/m 2 , preferably of less than 300 g/m 2 , particularly preferably of less than 250 g/m 2 , even more preferably of less than 200 g /m 2 has.
• a basis weight of less than 275 g/m 2 may also be preferred.
• the front substrate can in particular have a thickness which is less than 150 pm, preferably less than 100 pm, particularly preferably less than 80 pm, even more preferably less than 60 pm, even more preferably less than 40 pm.
• the front substrate can therefore be designed in particular as ultra-thin glass (UTG).
• UTG ultra-thin glass
• Wavelength in a wavelength range from 288 nm to 312 nm preferably in a wavelength range from 294 nm to 306 nm, particularly preferably in a wavelength range from 298 to 302 nm.
• the transmission in the working area of typical solar cells is as high as possible.
• the transmission for VIS and NIR can be greater than or equal to 91%.
• a high transmission for VIS and NIR is particularly important for mobile applications at higher altitudes, e.g. B. on airplanes or Flying objects are particularly advantageous. This is particularly true in connection with the above-mentioned transition transmission, which enables a relatively high UV edge for shorter-wave radiation.
• the lower transmission T Jow can be less than 5%, preferably less than 2.5%, particularly preferably less than 1%.
• the upper transmission T up can be greater than 85%, preferably greater than 87.5%, particularly preferably greater than 90%.
• the lower transmission Tj ow is present at a wavelength of at least 250 nm, preferably at a wavelength of at least 275 nm, particularly preferably at a wavelength of at least 285 nm, even more preferably at a wavelength of at least 290 nm is present.
• the upper transmission up is present at a wavelength of at most 375 nm, preferably at a wavelength of at most 350 nm, particularly preferably at a wavelength of at most 340 nm, even more preferably at a maximum of 335 nm .
• the transmission curve can have a slope of 2.8 percentage points/nm at least at one point, in particular at a point between the lower transmission Tj ow and the upper transmission T up , preferably between a transmission of 10% and 80%.
• the glass of a front substrate can remain as transmission-stable as possible under UV irradiation, so that the transmission curve, in particular the transition transmission, shifts as little as possible.
• the material of the front substrate comprises a glass, in particular comprises a borosilicate glass which has a glass composition which does not contain Li 2 O or contains Li 2 O in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm contains.
• Li 2 O is a component in glass that can diffuse relatively easily and can thereby damage semiconductors such as solar cells.
• the glass composition does not contain CaO or contains CaO in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm. This can be desirable or advantageous, particularly with regard to the modulus of elasticity or the flexibility of the glass.
• the glass composition contains no MgO or contains MgO in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm. This can be desirable or advantageous, particularly with regard to the modulus of elasticity or the flexibility of the glass.
• the glass composition does not contain BaO or contains BaO in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm. Furthermore, it can be provided that the glass composition does not contain any SrO or contains SrO in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm.
• the glass composition contains no antimony (Sb) or contains antimony (Sb) in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm .
• This can be desirable or advantageous, particularly with regard to toxicity or occupational safety.
• polyvalent ions such as Sb20a can sometimes have a negative effect on the solarization resistance.
• the glass composition does not contain arsenic (As) or contains antimony (As) in a proportion of less than 50 ppm, preferably contains less than 1 ppm, particularly preferably contains less than 5 ppm, even more preferably contains less than 1 ppm .
• This can be desirable or advantageous, particularly with regard to toxicity or occupational safety.
• polyvalent ions such as AS2O3 can sometimes have a negative effect on solarization resistance.
• the material of the front substrate comprises a glass, in particular a borosilicate glass, which has a glass composition which contains no cerium oxide or cerium oxide with a proportion of less than 500 ppm contains .
• a glass in particular a borosilicate glass, which has a glass composition which contains no cerium oxide or cerium oxide with a proportion of less than 500 ppm contains .
• This may be desired or desired in particular with regard to the position of the transition transmission and/or the efficiency in the VIS-NIR transmission spectrum. be advantageous. In particular, a higher transmission for blue light can be achieved.
• Cerium oxide can be deliberately avoided, particularly depending on the application, in order to enable further cost reduction, although cerium oxide can in principle also be advantageous with regard to solarization resistance. This can be a particularly advantageous compromise in mobile applications, especially when used for a limited period of time.
• Cerium oxide is an element that can, on the one hand, counteract solarization of the glass and, on the other hand, reduce the transmission of blue light. Surprisingly, it has been shown that sufficient solarization stability to UV radiation can also be achieved with a glass that does not contain cerium oxide or contains cerium oxide in a proportion of less than 500 ppm.
• the material of the front substrate comprises a glass which has a glass composition which contains TiO2 in a proportion of 0.5 to 10 percent by weight, preferably 2 to 8 percent by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 5 percent by weight .
• A1 2 O 3 in a proportion of 0 to 15 percent by weight preferably contains 3.5 to 15 percent by weight, particularly preferably 3.5 to 4.5 percent by weight.
• the glass composition contains SiO 2 in a proportion of 30 to 80 percent by weight, preferably 50 to 75 percent by weight, particularly preferably 60 to 70 percent by weight.
• the glass composition contains B 2 O 3 in a proportion of 3 to 20 percent by weight, preferably 5.5 to 9.5 percent by weight, particularly preferably 7.5 to 8.8 percent by weight.
• the material of the front substrate can have a density which is less than 3.25g/cm 3 , preferably less than 3g/cm 3 , particularly preferably less than 2.75g/cm 3 .
• the front substrate may have a modulus of elasticity that is higher than 68GPa, preferably higher than 70GPa, more preferably higher than 72GPa and/or a modulus of elasticity that is lower than 78GPa, preferably lower than 76GPa, especially is preferably lower than 74GPa.
• the material of the front substrate can have a thermal expansion coefficient in a temperature range of 20° C. to 300° C., which is greater than 4x10" 6 K -1 , preferably greater than 5x10" 6 K -1 , particularly preferably greater than 6x10" 6 K -1 , again preferably larger than 7xlO“ 6 K -1 .
• the thermal expansion coefficient can therefore be adapted, for example, in an advantageous manner to that of a solar module, in particular to that of an adhesive layer, a solar cell and/or a back element, or vice versa. For example, cost savings for a back element can be achieved through cheaper materials.
• the front substrate can have a dimension which is larger than 35cm, preferably larger than 45cm, particularly preferably larger than 60cm, and/or a, in particular second, for example orthogonal, dimension which is larger than 65cm, preferably larger than 75cm, particularly preferably larger than 90cm.
• a front substrate with dimensions of 55 x 80 cm is possible.
• One advantage of the relatively large dimensions mentioned is that the solar cells in a solar module can be covered with as few front-side substrates as possible, so that the handling and gluing effort can be reduced.
• the relatively large dimensions mentioned can only be implemented in a technically standard and cost-effective manner, especially in connection with the above-mentioned glass thicknesses, e.g. UTG.
• the invention further relates to a front side unit for a solar module, in particular for mobile applications, for example mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects, comprising a front side substrate as described above and an adhesive layer which is flat on the
• the invention further relates to a solar module, in particular for mobile applications, for example mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects, comprising a front substrate as described above, preferably a rear element, which is designed in particular as a module frame, a solar cell, which is preferably between the Back element and the front substrate is arranged, and an adhesive layer which connects the front substrate to the solar cell.
• a solar module in particular for mobile applications, for example mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects, comprising a front substrate as described above, preferably a rear element, which is designed in particular as a module frame, a solar cell, which is preferably between the Back element and the front substrate is arranged, and an adhesive layer which connects the front substrate to the solar cell.
• An adhesive layer can comprise at least one of the following materials: butyl polymer, EVA, PVB, SMP (silyl-modified polymer), transparent silicone.
• the invention further relates to the use of a front side substrate as described above or a front side unit as described above for a solar module, in particular for mobile applications, for example mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects.
• the invention also relates to the use of a solar module as described above for mobile applications, for example mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned flying objects.
• Fig. 1 a schematic representation in plan of a
• FIG. 2 a schematic representation in a sectional view of a front side unit with a front side substrate and an adhesive layer
• Fig. 3 a schematic representation in a sectional view of a solar module
• Fig. 4 a graph of the transmission curve of a front substrate with a thickness of 100 pm before and after solarization irradiation with a radiator with an energy distribution according to FIG. 6,
• Fig. 5 a graph of a relative spectral
• Fig. 6 a graph of a relative spectral
• Fig. 1-3 show a front side substrate 100 (Fig. 1), a front side unit 10 with a front side substrate 100 and an adhesive layer 110 (Fig. 2) applied flatly on one side of the front side substrate 100, and a solar module 1 with a solar cell 200 which is between a front side substrate 100 (or a front side unit 10) and a back side element 300 is arranged, the front side unit 100 being bonded flatly to a surface of the solar cell 200 by means of the adhesive layer 110 (FIG. 3).
• the front side substrate has a basis weight of less than 500 g/m 2 , for example a basis weight of 251 g/m 2 and a thickness of 100 ⁇ m.
• the front substrate z.
• B a glass composition which contains the following proportions in percent by weight:
• Fig. 4 shows transmission curves of such an exemplary front substrate with a thickness of 100 pm before and after a solarization test in which the substrate was exposed to UV-A light at 210 W/m 2 , UV-B light at 170 W/m 2 and UV for 100 hours -C light was irradiated with 250 W/m 2 .
• a further exemplary glass composition comprises the following proportions in percent by weight, with iron contamination being in the range of ⁇ 50 ppm:
• Another exemplary glass composition includes the following proportions in percent by weight:
• Another exemplary glass composition includes the following proportions in percent by weight:
• a glass composition can be provided which comprises the following proportions in percent by weight:
• a glass composition as described above, but also a glass composition independent of the other components mentioned above can comprise a proportion of titanium oxide which is in the range of 0-6, in particular in the range of 3-5, for example 4.
• the glass composition can alternatively or in addition to such a proportion or a proportion of titanium oxide mentioned in the table or tables comprise a component which preferably acts as a UV absorber.
• a proportion of one or more of the following components that is effective with regard to UV absorption comes into consideration: cerium (for example in the form of CeO 3 ), antimony (for example in the form of Sb 3 O 3 ), with an antimony content preferably one The proportion should not exceed 1 percent by weight, tin (e.g.
• Another exemplary glass composition includes the following proportions in percent by weight:
• the raw glass costs can be kept low, so that a front substrate with the mentioned properties can be produced cost-effectively.
• a basis weight of less than 500 g/m 2 e.g. B. below 300 g/m 2
• both a reduction in the weight and the costs of a solar module can be achieved and, due to the transition transmission, a suitable protective effect for components of the solar module, such as. an adhesive layer, can be achieved even under conditions of high UV radiation, which in turn allows cheaper adhesive layers to be used, so that there is overall cost saving potential in several places and a particularly suitable application for mobile applications such as mobile devices, means of transport, means of transport or manned or unmanned Flying objects results.

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• 2022
  • 2022-04-07 DE DE102022108483.3A patent/DE102022108483A1/de active Pending
• 2023
  • 2023-03-14 CN CN202380028087.0A patent/CN118843945A/zh active Pending
  • 2023-03-14 WO PCT/EP2023/056461 patent/WO2023194052A1/de not_active Ceased
  • 2023-03-14 JP JP2024542391A patent/JP2025510472A/ja active Pending
  • 2023-03-14 US US18/854,841 patent/US20250331315A1/en active Pending
  • 2023-03-14 EP EP23711983.9A patent/EP4505530A1/de active Pending

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