EP4357578A1 - Pré-déformage de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de verre d'isolation sous vide - Google Patents

Pré-déformage de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de verre d'isolation sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4357578A1
EP4357578A1 EP22202427.5A EP22202427A EP4357578A1 EP 4357578 A1 EP4357578 A1 EP 4357578A1 EP 22202427 A EP22202427 A EP 22202427A EP 4357578 A1 EP4357578 A1 EP 4357578A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deformation
support structure
unit
workpiece
support structures
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22202427.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Simon Johnsen
Annette Johncock KRISKO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VKR Holding AS
Original Assignee
VKR Holding AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VKR Holding AS filed Critical VKR Holding AS
Priority to EP22202427.5A priority Critical patent/EP4357578A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/077719 priority patent/WO2024083526A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/077728 priority patent/WO2024083529A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/077727 priority patent/WO2024083528A1/fr
Priority to PCT/EP2023/077733 priority patent/WO2024083530A1/fr
Publication of EP4357578A1 publication Critical patent/EP4357578A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66304—Discrete spacing elements, e.g. for evacuated glazing units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673—Assembling the units
    • E06B3/67326—Assembling spacer elements with the panes
    • E06B3/6733—Assembling spacer elements with the panes by applying, e.g. extruding, a ribbon of hardenable material on or between the panes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673—Assembling the units
    • E06B3/67365—Transporting or handling panes, spacer frames or units during assembly
    • E06B3/67369—Layout of the assembly streets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/673—Assembling the units
    • E06B3/67365—Transporting or handling panes, spacer frames or units during assembly
    • E06B3/67386—Presses; Clamping means holding the panes during assembly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
    • E06B3/6775—Evacuating or filling the gap during assembly
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66309—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit
    • E06B3/66333—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of unusual substances, e.g. wood or other fibrous materials, glass or other transparent materials
    • E06B2003/66338—Section members positioned at the edges of the glazing unit of unusual substances, e.g. wood or other fibrous materials, glass or other transparent materials of glass

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates a method of producing a vacuum insulated glass units.
  • VIG units may provide superior heat insulation properties when compared to weight and material use of the unit.
  • a pump evacuates the gap before sealing the gap.
  • support structures also known as pillars or spacers, are distributed in the evacuated gap, often in a predefined pattern.
  • US10533366 B1 and JP2019060085 discloses compressible support structures. These may however provide complex and/or cost expensive solutions.
  • US6689241 B1 discloses rolling support structures over a glass sheet surface so as to adhere at adhesive spots of the glass sheet surface. This may e.g. provide a complex or in other ways undesirable manufacturing solution.
  • CN101481206 discloses a sphere pillar with a solder glass coating. This may e.g. provide a cost expensive and/or complex solution.
  • the present disclosure provides a solution that may solve or reduce one or more of the above mentioned issues. Additionally or alternatively, the present disclosure may provide a solution that may result in a cost efficient VIG unit and/or be advantageous with regards to large scale manufacturing of VIG units.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method of producing a vacuum insulated glass unit.
  • the method comprises providing a plurality of support structures comprising contact surfaces, and distributing the provided support structures at a first glass sheet so that one of the contact surfaces supports on a first major surface of the first glass sheet.
  • a second glass sheet is arranged so that the distributed support structures are placed in a gap between the first major surface and a second major surface of the second glass sheet.
  • An edge seal is arranged around the periphery of the glass sheets, and the gap is evacuated and sealed.
  • the said providing of the plurality of support structures comprises the steps of feeding support structure workpieces to a deformation unit, and shaping support structures by deforming the fed support structure workpieces by means of the deformation unit so as to provide support structures comprising said contact surfaces.
  • VOG vacuum insulating glass
  • VIG unit solutions may suffer from the problem of needing cost expensive solutions and parts that in the end may make the VIG units produced unfit for conventional use in conventional building windows, doors, cooling or heating furniture simply due to the high manufacturing costs.
  • One square meter VIG often contains 500-3000 discretely distributed support structures which are small and sometimes called micro spacers because the size is comparable to sand grains.
  • the present inventor has acknowledged that many support structure solutions presently available to be placed in the in the evacuated gap may provide a substantial contribution to the final cost of the VIG unit so that the VIG unit price increases significantly.
  • the present inventor has found that the pre-deformation of workpieces into support structures before placing the support structures may help to reduce the final VIG unit manufacturing costs.
  • the present inventor has found that the present support structure solutions may provide issues during the VIG unit manufacturing, as such support structures may clog/disturb or in other ways interfere with automated VIG unit production solutions where support structures are automatically provided and placed on a glass sheet surface by automation equipment.
  • the present inventor has however found that when deforming support structure workpieces during the VIG unit assembly manufacturing prior to arranging the support structures at the glass sheet surface, this may help to enable use of advantageous, more reliable and/or cost efficient support structure supply/feeding solutions during the VIG unit manufacturing. Hereby efficient and reliable supply and handling of the support structures is realized.
  • Deforming support structure workpieces during the VIG unit manufacturing prior to arranging the support structures at the glass sheet surface may additionally or alternatively provide that reduced demands to the size, volume, tolerances and/or shape of the support structure workpieces which may e.g. help to improve reliability and/or cost efficiency.
  • the support structure workpieces comprises or consist of substantially spherical balls.
  • the substantially spherical balls may in further embodiments of the present disclosure be spherical, solid metal balls, such as solid, spherical steel balls.
  • spherical balls such as solid spherical balls, such as solid steel balls are available "off the shelf' which are precisely manufactured and hence may serve as candidates for use as the support structure workpieces that are to be deformed into support structures for VIG units. Such balls are also known as "precision balls”.
  • Cost efficient precision balls are available on the market with a nominal diameter less than 1 mm, such as less than 600 um, and even around 400 um or lower nominal diameter.
  • such precision balls may have good/tight tolerances, for example defined by ISO 3290 relating to features of finished steel balls for roller bearings, and defining different grades of ball bearings.
  • tolerances such as ball diameter variations lower than 1 um, (According to some manufacturers corresponding to "Grade G40") such as lower than 0.4 um, (According to some manufacturers corresponding to “Grade G16”) may be used as the support structure workpieces.
  • the balls will be pre-deformed prior to being used in a VIG unit, higher grade (and hence often more cost efficient but with higher ball diameter/diametrical variations) balls with larger overall diameter variations/lower tolerance than mentioned above may be used, as the deformation may adapt each support structure to the desired height.
  • feeding of the spherical balls may be provided by means of guiding the spherical balls from a storage to the deformation unit.
  • Said guiding may in further embodiments of the present disclosure comprise one or more of one or more of pushing, sucking, rolling and/or displacing by means of gravity the spherical balls.
  • the inventor has found that steel balls are advantageous during the VIG unit manufacturing process until the moment they are placed at the glass sheet, as these balls may have a tendency to reduce the risk of clogging outlets, supply pipes and/or the like. Hence, the risk of manufacturing VIG units missing one or more support structures, and/or the risk of needing to put the manufacturing on hold, may be reduced.
  • placing spherically shaped support structures at the glass surface may be more demanding and from a manufacturing perspective, less desired, as it may require e.g. magnets, adhesives or the like to keep the balls in place.
  • plastically deforming the balls by means of the deformation unit assures that balls may be suppled at the manufacturing site near or at a pillar placement station, and e.g. substantially just before placing the balls at the glass sheet, they may be deformed into a shape providing at least one contact surface that may rest on the glass sheet surface and thereby reduce the risk of the support structure subsequently rolling away.
  • the feeding of the support structure workpieces to the deformation unit may comprise separating, such as cutting, support structure workpieces from source material such as a filament or wire.
  • a drive may hence in further embodiments of the present disclosure be controlled to supply a predefined amount of support structure material that may then be cut therefrom, and this may hence provide the support structure workpiece.
  • a roller pair may be controlled to supply a filament or wire consisting of or comprising the support structure material towards a cutter, and the cutter may then be operated to cut the filament or wire into workpieces to be deformed and thereby adapted to the desired shape and/or height.
  • This cutting from a source material may in embodiments of the present disclosure be provided at a VIG unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • the structure of the support structure workpieces is a solid structure, such as a monolithic, solid structure.
  • solid support structure workpieces may help to provide a cost efficient solution. It may also provide a stronger support structure after the deformation.
  • One or more surface coatings may be present at the workpiece in embodiments of the present disclosure. In other embodiments, surface coatings may be omitted.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces by means of the deformation unit provides support structures comprising two oppositely directed, such as substantially parallel, contact surfaces at each support structure.
  • the contact surfaces may be configured so that the first contact surfaces abut the major surface of the first glass sheet, and the second contact surface abut a major surface of the second glass sheet.
  • the workpiece in embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise one or more initial, predefined, flat such as substantially plane, surfaces that maybe enlarged by the deformation unit during the workpiece deformation into said contact surfaces to act as contact surfaces in the VIG unit for contacting major surfaces of the glass sheets that faces the gap.
  • initial predefined surfaces may not be present at the workpiece.
  • the contact surfaces area after workpiece deformation may make up 50% or more of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface.
  • the contact surfaces area makes up 95% or less, such as 85% or less or 75% or less of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces by the deformation unit provides at least one plane contact surface.
  • a plane contact surface may be advantageous in order to reduce local stress on the glass sheet and hence reduce the amount and/or size of cracks in the glass sheets at the location of the support structures.
  • the support structure workpieces may be made from, such as consist of a metal such as steel. This may be a strong material and yet cost efficient that may also be suitable for a plastic deformation.
  • the support structure workpieces may in other embodiments be made from, such as consist of, a metal such as nickel (Ni).
  • the support structure workpieces may be made from, such as consist of a polymer.
  • the support structures may be plastically deformed, such as by coining, by the deformation unit to have a first support structure height.
  • the first support structure height may in further embodiments be a predetermined first support structure height.
  • the first support structure height may be less than an initial maximum height of the workpiece.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces by the deformation unit may provide an at least 5% reduction of the initial maximum height of the support structure workpieces into a first support structure height. In embodiments of the present disclosure, the deformation of the support structure workpieces by the deformation unit may provide an at least 20%, such as an at least 40% reduction of the initial maximum height of the support structure workpieces.
  • the provided reduction of the initial maximum height of the respective support structure workpiece by the deformation unit results in a plastic deformation of the support structure workpieces into a support structure with a desired support structure height.
  • a further, second deformation of one or more support structures having the first support structure height due to the deformation provided by means of the deformation unit is provided by means of the major surfaces of the glass sheets facing the gap.
  • the further deformation by means of the major surfaces of the glass sheets may be obtained by means of an evacuation pump for evacuating the gap. This induces a compression force onto the support structures by means of the glass sheet surfaces when the gap is evacuated while the VIG unit assembly is in a surrounding pressure such as atmospheric pressure.
  • an external mechanical pressing arrangement such as comprising pressing bodies such as pressing plates and one or more actuators, may provide some of the further, second deformation or most, such as all of the further, second deformation.
  • a hardware controller may control the actuator(s).
  • the further, second deformation may be provided partly by means of an evacuation pump evacuating the gap, and an external mechanical pressing arrangement.
  • This may provide an individual adaption of the support structure to the VIG unit.
  • tempered glass sheets such as thermally tempered may be uneven due to e.g. roller waves or other surface variations resulting from the manufacturing of the tempered glass sheets.
  • this may help to provide individual adaption of the support structure height to the individual glass sheet surface unevenness.
  • second deformation may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a plastic deformation of the support structure.
  • the further, second deformation provides an at least 10%, such as an at least 20%, for example an at least 30% reduction of the first height of each support structure of a group, such as a subgroup, of the support structures placed in the gap.
  • This may be a plastic deformation
  • the further, second deformation of the support structure height provided by means of the pump when the gap is evacuated may provide a deformation between 20% and 70%, such as between 30% and 70%, for example between 40% and 60% reduction of the first height of a group, such as a subgroup, of the support structures placed in the gap.
  • the overall deformation provided by means of the deformation unit and by means the further, second deformation of the first support structure height provides/results in that each support structure of a group, such as a subgroup, of the support structures placed in the evacuated gap has a height that is least 20% smaller, such as at least 30% smaller, for example at least 40% smaller than the initial maximum height of the respective workpiece.
  • This may e.g. provide an advantageous adaption of the initial workpiece into a support structure that has adapted to the individual glass sheet surface(s).
  • At least 5%, such as at least 10%, such as at least 25% of the total amount of support structures of the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly may be subjected to said further, second deformation, such as a plastic deformation, such as by means of an evacuation pump and/or external mechanical pressing arrangement.
  • between 5% and 95% such as between 15% and 80%, for example between 20% and 60% of the total amount of support structures of the VIG unit assembly may be subjected to said further deformation by means of the pump.
  • the further deformation by means of the pump may in embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a plastic and/or elastic deformation.
  • the first and/or second glass sheet(s) may be tempered glass sheets such as thermally tempered glass sheets.
  • the first and/or second glass sheets may in in embodiments of the present disclosure be tempered glass sheets, such as thermally tempered or chemically tempered glass sheets.
  • Thermally tempered glass sheets may be advantageous these may be considered cost efficient and also provides a significant increase in the strength of the glass sheet when compared to using annealed glass sheets. This may hence allow for e.g. lower pressure in the gap and/or larger distance between the support structures.
  • Thermally tempered glass sheets may however suffer from so called roller waves that introduces uneven major surfaces at the thermally tempered glass sheets and/or suffer from other out of flatness issues such as warping, bowing and/or the like.
  • said deformation unit may be arranged at a deformation station of a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing/production line.
  • the deformation station provides the support structure workpiece deformation during vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing.
  • the inventor has found that this may provide an advantageous and more reliable VIG unit assembly manufacturing.
  • the designer(s) of the insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line are hence not necessarily bound to a predefined shape and/or size and/or tolerance of the support structures as the final support structure design is determined/provided at the VIG unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces by the deformation unit may be provided at an assembly line for providing Vacuum Insulated Glass unit assemblies comprising the first and second glass sheets and the distributed support structures placed in the gap.
  • the deformation unit may be arranged at a deformation station of a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly production/manufacturing line, wherein the deformation unit provides the support structure workpiece deformation to provide support structures to be placed at a first glass sheet while the first glass sheet is arranged at the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly production/manufacturing line.
  • support structures are placed at the first glass sheet surface of the first glass sheet by a support structure placement arrangement of a support structure placement station in a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly production/manufacturing line.
  • the deformation unit may in embodiments provide the support structure workpiece deformation to produce support structures to be placed at a first glass sheet after said first glass sheet has been arranged at a support structure placement station.
  • the deformation unit provides the support structure work workpiece deformation to produce support structures to be placed at a first glass sheet while the first glass sheet moves through or into a support structure placement station.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces is provided by consecutively feeding and deforming, such as coining, the support structure workpieces in a continuous feeding and deformation process, preferably during vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing at a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces may be provided by a "cold coining" or “cold forging” process where the support structure workpieces are kept below a predefined temperature, such as below 100°C, such as below 50°C, for example below 40°C during the deformation process, and are thus not heated to a predefined higher softening temperature by a heater.
  • a predefined temperature such as below 100°C, such as below 50°C, for example below 40°C during the deformation process
  • the deformation unit may in embodiments of the present disclosure provide the support structure workpiece deformation during vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing in a "continuous" batch process where a plurality of workpieces are deformed at the same time by a deformation unit, or in a continuous process where the workpieces are deformed consecutively one by one.
  • the deformation unit comprises a press such as a mould, such as a press mould.
  • the press may in embodiments of the present disclosure comprise a motor actuated press, a gear driven press, a mechanical press, a roller press or a hydraulically actuated press.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces may be provided by means of a coining or forging process, such as by means of pressing, such as hammering/punching.
  • the outer surface of the respective support structure is made from the same material as the material providing the structural integrity of the support structures. This may e.g. provide a cost efficient solution.
  • each support structure consist of one material such as a polymer or metal alloy, such as steel.
  • the deformation unit comprises a roller press.
  • the weight and/or volume of the respective support structure placed at the first glass sheet substantially corresponds to the weight and/or volume of the support structure workpiece used for the support structure before the deformation by means of the deformation unit.
  • said support structures have a first height that is less than 0.4 mm, such as less than 0.3 mm, for example around or less than 0.2 mm as a result of the deformation by the deformation unit.
  • the feeding of the support structure workpieces to the deformation unit is provided by means of a feeding device feeding the support structure workpieces from a support structure workpiece material storage.
  • the feeding device (40) comprises a workpiece (10) dosing system (34, 35), such as comprising one or more of
  • the workpiece is maintained in position during and/or prior to deformation at the deformation unit, such as at a support, by means of one or more of a magnet, one or more side walls and/or a liquid, such as glycerine.
  • the maximum width W1 of the support structure after the workpiece deformation is larger, such as at least 3% larger, for example 20 % larger, for example at least 30% larger, or at least 100% larger than the initial width of the workpiece before the workpiece deformation.
  • the maximum width of the support structure after the workpiece deformation by the deformation unit is at least 20% larger, such as at least 40% larger, for example at least 50% larger, than the initial width of the workpiece before the workpiece deformation.
  • the maximum width of the support structure after the workpiece deformation by the deformation unit may be between 3% and 120%, such as between 5% and 85%, for example between 20% and 65% larger than the initial width of the workpiece before the workpiece deformation.
  • the present disclosure moreover, in a second aspect, relates to a method of producing support structures for use in an evacuated gap of vacuum insulated glass units. This method comprises the steps of
  • said deformation by means of the deformation unit may be provided at a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line prior to arranging the support structures at a glass sheet surface.
  • the deformation unit provides the support structure workpiece deformation to provide support structures to be placed at a first glass sheet while the first glass sheet is arranged at the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • the deformation unit provides the support structure workpiece deformation after a first glass sheet comprising a major surface for receiving and supporting the support structures has been arranged at a support structure placement station of the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • the deformation unit provides the support structure work workpiece deformation to provide support structures to be placed at a first glass sheet comprising a major surface for receiving the support structures while the first glass sheet moves through or into a support structure placement station of the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • a plurality of said plastically deformed support structures comprises a first convex side surface and a second opposite, convex side surface when seen in a cross section of the plastically deformed support structure.
  • the said convex side surfaces extends between the major glass sheet surfaces, wherein the convex side surfaces each describes minor, circular arcs having non-coinciding centres, such as a result of plastic workpiece deformation by means of the deformation unit.
  • the present disclosure additionally relates, in a third aspect, to use of support structures in an evacuated gap of a vacuum insulated glass unit, wherein said support structures are provided by deforming support structure workpieces, such as spherical balls, to have a predefined height by means of a deformation unit prior to arranging the support structures at a surface of a glass sheet for the vacuum insulated glass unit.
  • support structure workpieces such as spherical balls
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces is provided during vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing at a deformation station of a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line.
  • the present disclosure additionally relates, in a fourth aspect, to a vacuum insulated glass unit comprising a first glass sheet and a second glass sheet, and an edge seal arranged around the periphery of the tempered glass sheets.
  • the vacuum insulated glass unit comprises an evacuated gap arranged between major surfaces of said first and second glass sheets and the evacuated gap is enclosed by the edge seal.
  • the vacuum insulated glass unit according to the fourth aspect may in further embodiments of the present disclosure be a vacuum insulated glass unit produced by means of a method according to one or more of the above mentioned embodiments and/or aspects.
  • the vacuum insulated glass unit may in embodiments of the present disclosure be placed in a building window such as a façade window or a roof window.
  • the present disclosure additionally relates, in a fifth aspect, to use of a deformation unit in a vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line, wherein the deformation unit is used for shaping support structures by deforming support structure workpieces so as to provide support structures comprising contact surfaces, wherein said deformation unit deforms the support structure workpieces at the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing line prior to arranging the support structures shaped by the deformation unit at a major surface of a glass sheet for a vacuum insulated glass unit.
  • the support structures are plastically deformed by coining by the deformation unit (20) so as to have a first support structure height, such as a predetermined first support structure height, that is less than an initial maximum height of the workpiece.
  • the deformation unit is used in a method according to any of the preceding embodiments.
  • the method(s) is/are not limited to a particular step order or sequence unless explicitly stated.
  • providing the edge seal does not need to be performed in a particular step or sequence.
  • One or more edge seals may be provided before or after the support structures.
  • Figs. 1a-1c illustrates schematically a method of producing support structures 5 for use in an evacuated gap of vacuum insulated glass units 1 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, where workpieces/ work pieces 10 are deformed by a deformation unit 20.
  • a feeder/feeding device 40 supplies workpieces 10 towards a workpiece support 22.
  • the feeding device comprises a workpiece dosing system that may comprise a movable barrier/blocking 34 that may be electrically driven, pneumatically drive and/or the like.
  • the feeding device 40 comprises a supply pipe or tube 36 containing workpieces 10.
  • a workpiece (or more if desired) 10 is/are dispensed from the feeding device towards the support 22.
  • the dosing system may comprise a magnet for magnetizing and hence dosing one or more workpieces 10 in case the workpieces 10 are made from or comprises a ferromagnetic material.
  • the support structures to be made by the deformation unit 20 may also be called spacers or pillars.
  • a deformation unit 20 is illustrated.
  • the deformation unit 20 comprises in fig. 1b a press 21, such as a press mould.
  • An actuator 20a such as a linear actuator, for example an actuator driven by an electric motor, pneumatics and/or the like moves the press 21 device to shape the workpiece 10 on the support 22.
  • the deformation unit 20 may comprise a roller press (not illustrated).
  • the deformation unit 20 provides a pre-deformation of the work-piece(s) 10 prior to placing the support structure 5 provided by means of/ resulting from the work piece deformation at a VIG unit surface 3a (see fig. 2 ).
  • the deformation unit 20 may in embodiments of the present disclosure provide the support structure workpiece 10 deformation during e.g. vacuum insulated glass unit assembly manufacturing in a "continuous" batch process where a plurality of workpieces are deformed at the same time by the deformation unit 20, or in a continuous process where workpieces 10 are deformed consecutively one by one.
  • the deformation of the workpiece 10 by means of the deformation unit 20 shapes support structures 5 by deforming the support structure workpiece 10 fed by the feeding device.
  • This provides a support structure 5 comprising contact surfaces 5a, 5b for contacting opposing glass sheet surfaces 4a, 3a, see figs. 2 and 3 .
  • the contact surfaces 5a, 5b provided may in embodiments of the present disclosure be flat such as plane, but may also in further embodiments be shaped to have another predetermined/desired surface shape.
  • the deformation of the workpiece 10 hence reduces the initial maximum height H3 of the workpiece 10 to a desired, such as predetermined, height H1. This may be provided by a coining of the workpiece 10 to have the desired workpiece height H1.
  • the deformation provides that the width W1, such as the diameter, of the shaped support structure 5 becomes larger than the initial width, such as diameter D1, of the workpiece as illustrated in fig. 1c .
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces 10 by the deformation unit 20 may be provided by a "cold coining" or “cold forging” process where the support structure workpieces are kept below a predefined temperature, such as below 100°C, such as below 50°C, for example below 40°C during the deformation process, and are thus not heated to a predefined temperature by a heater.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces 10 by the deformation unit 20 may be provided by a heating and deforming operation (not illustrated) where the workpieces are heated to a temperature, for example above 100°C, such as above 400°C, for example above 800°C and then deformed by hammering or pressing.
  • the support structure workpieces 10 may as illustrated in figs. 1a-1c , in embodiments of the present disclosure, be substantially spherical balls such as metal balls, for example steel balls.
  • the balls may be solid.
  • the balls 10 may in embodiments of the present disclosure have a diameter D1 of less than 0.6 mm, such as less than 0.5 mm, for example less than 0.4 mm.
  • the diameter D1 may be between .25 mm and 1.5 mm, such as between 0.25 mm and 1 mm, such as between 0.28 mm and 0.42 mm.
  • the balls used may be balls having a diameter of 0.30 mm or 0.40 mm.
  • the initial maximum height H3 of the workpiece 10 corresponds to the ball diameter D1.
  • the spherical balls 10 may be metal precision balls such as steel precision balls. Such precision balls may have good/tight tolerances, for example defined by ISO 3290 relating to features of finished steel balls for roller bearings, and defining different grades of ball bearings. In embodiments of the present disclosure, tolerances such as ball diameter variations lower than 1 um, (According to some manufacturers corresponding to "Grade G40") such as lower than 0.4 um, (According to some manufacturers corresponding to "Grade G16”) may be used as the support structure workpieces.
  • the balls will be pre-deformed prior to being used in a VIG unit, even higher grade (and hence often more cost efficient but with higher ball diameter/diametrical variations) balls with larger overall diameter variations/lower tolerance than mentioned above may be used, as the deformation may adapt each support structure to the desired height HI.
  • the spherical balls such as spherical solid metal balls, such as solid, spherical steel balls may be spherical with a tolerance, such as diametrical tolerances, within ⁇ 200 um, such as within ⁇ 100 um, such as within ⁇ 50 um, for example within ⁇ 20 um.
  • the spherical balls such as spherical solid metal balls, such as solid, spherical steel balls may in embodiments of the present disclosure be spherical with a tolerance, such as diametrical tolerances, within ⁇ 50 um, such as within ⁇ 5 um, such as within ⁇ 1 um.
  • the spherical balls such as spherical solid metal balls, such as solid, spherical steel balls may in embodiments be spherical balls with a diametrical tolerances that varies more than within ⁇ 10 um, such as more than within ⁇ 40 um, such as more than within ⁇ 100 um.
  • the pre-deformation of the balls may provide that the precision requirements to the balls may be less restrictive.
  • Surface roughness (Ra) tolerance of the used spherical balls may in embodiments of the present disclosure be less than 0.06 um, such as less than 0.03 um, for example less than 0.02 um.
  • the feeding of the spherical balls 10 is in figs. 1a-1c provided by means of guiding, such as one or more of pushing, sucking, rolling and/or displacing by means of gravity, the spherical balls 10 from a storage 32 to the deformation unit 20 support 22.
  • a pump such as an air pump (not illustrated) may provide the pressure needed for the desired workpiece 10 guiding and/or support structure 5 guiding.
  • Gravity may help to provide the guiding, e.g. by also the spherical balls rolling towards the support 22.
  • the balls 10 may provide that edges that may cause the workpieces to be stuck in the guiding path are absent, and this may provide a more reliable workpiece supply.
  • the structure of the support structure workpieces 10 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a solid structure, such as a monolithic, solid structure.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpiece 10 by the deformation unit 20 provides/shapes a support structure 5 comprising two oppositely directed, flat, such as substantially parallel, contact surfaces 5a, 5b at each support structure 5.
  • the contact surfaces 5a, 5b are configured so that one of the first and second contact surfaces 5a, 5b abuts the major surface of the first glass sheet, and the other of the first and second contact surface abuts a major surface of the second glass sheet (see e.g. figs 2-4 ).
  • each contact surface 5a, 5b area may make up 50% or more, such as 75% or more of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the respective contact surface 5a, 5b. In some embodiments the contact surfaces area of each contact surface 5a, 5b makes up 95% or less, such as 85% or less or 75% or less of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface.
  • each contact surface makes up between 50% and 95%, such as between 60% and 80% of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface 5a, 5b.
  • the weight and/or volume of the respective support structure 5 placed at a glass sheet may substantially corresponds to the weight and/or volume of the support structure workpiece 10 used for the support structure 5 before the deformation by means of the deformation unit 20.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates schematically a cross sectional view of a first glass sheet 3 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, where a plurality of the support structures 5 are distributed at the first glass sheet 3 so that one of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b of the support structures 5 supports on the major surface 3a of the glass sheet 3.
  • Fig 2 illustrates a further embodiment where an edge sealing material, such as a solder glass material, e.g. a glass frit material, a solder metal material or the like is placed at the glass sheet periphery.
  • an edge sealing material such as a solder glass material, e.g. a glass frit material, a solder metal material or the like is placed at the glass sheet periphery.
  • the edge sealing material 7 may be omitted.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates schematically a cross sectional view of a VIG unit assembly where a further, second glass sheet 4 has been placed so that the support structures 5 are placed between the first major glass sheet surface 3a facing the gap 6 and a second major surface 4a of the second glass sheet 4 facing the gap 6.
  • An evacuation pump 11 is connected to a pump out port 6a by means of a suction cup or the like (e.g. as illustrated), and the pump 11 evacuates the gap 6.
  • the entire VIG unit assembly may be placed in a vacuum chamber, and an evacuation pump may then evacuate the entire vacuum chamber with the VIG unit therein.
  • at least the sealing of the gap (after gap evacuation) and possibly also the fusing at the edges by an applied edge seal 7 or by fusing the glass sheets directly may also be obtained in such a vacuum chamber.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates schematically a cross sectional view of a VIG unit 50 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the VIG unit 50 comprises the first glass sheet 3a having a first major surface 3a, and a second glass sheet 4 comprising a second major surface 4a. These major glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a faces each other and the evacuated gap 6.
  • the glass sheets 3, 4 each comprises a major surface 3b, 4b facing away from the evacuated gap 6.
  • the support structures 5 are arranged distributed between the surfaces 3a, 4a, often in a predefined pattern with predetermined mutual distances, and maintains a distance between the glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a upon gap 6 evacuation.
  • the glass sheets 3, 4 are sealed together at the periphery of the glass sheets 3, 4.
  • the sealing together of the first and second glass sheets 3, 4 may comprise use of an edge seal material 7 as described above, or it may comprise fusing the glass sheets directly together.
  • the sealing together of the glass sheets may comprise locally heating at least at the edge seal location, or heating the entire VIG unit assembly including the support structures to a desired temperature in e.g. a furnace.
  • this furnace temperature may be set to be below a temperature where the glass sheets de-tempers.
  • the sealing together of the glass sheet 3, 4 edges may provide a fused, rigid edge seal.
  • Other airtight edge seal solutions may alternatively be provided.
  • the glass sheets 3, 4 may be annealed glass sheets or tempered glass sheets, such as thermally tempered glass sheets.
  • One or both glass sheets 3,4 may have a thickness between 1 mm and 6 mm, such as between 2 mm and 4 mm, for example between 2.5 mm and 3.5 mm including both end points.
  • the glass sheets 3, 4 may be of the same or different thickness.
  • Thermally tempered glass may have a glass sheet surface 3a with an unevenness of at least 0.1 mm, such as at least 0.2 mm, for example at least 0.3 mm. this may occur due to one or more of glass sheet bowing, glass sheet warp, glass sheet edge lift and/or the like that may e.g. occur during tempering of the glass sheet to obtain a thermally tempered glass sheet.
  • the glass sheet 3, 4 surface 3a, 4a unevenness for each glass may even be equal to or larger than the support structure 5 height HI (or H2, see further below).
  • the glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a may comprise one or more low-e coatings and/or the like to e.g. provide advantageous/desired heat regulation and/or other functionalities. It is understood that one or both contact surface(s) 5a, 5b may abut such coatings of the glass sheet. In other embodiments, the glass sheet surface abutting the contact surface of the support structure may be uncoated.
  • the gap 5 has been evacuated to a reduced pressure by the pump 11.
  • the pressure in the gap 5 may be below 0.05 mbar, such as below 0.005 mbar, such as 0.003 or 0.001 mbar or below after the evacuation of the gap and sealing of the gap 6.
  • the evacuation outlet 6a is sealed by a sealing 6b, such as at least partly by means of a solder material.
  • a sealing 6b such as at least partly by means of a solder material.
  • the evacuation outlet 6a is illustrated in a glass sheet 3, in other embodiments, the evacuation outlet may be provided in the edge seal material or between the edge seal material and one of the glass sheets 3, 4.
  • the support structures 2 maintains a distance between the glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a across the evacuated gap 6 when the gap has been evacuated by means of their height.
  • the distance between the glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a after gap 6 evacuation may in embodiments of the present disclosure be 0.5 mm or below, such as 0.3 mm or below, for example 0.2mm or below.
  • One square meter VIG unit may often contain more than 500 such as more than 500 or more than 3000, such as between 500-3000 discretely distributed support structures.
  • Figs. 5a-5c illustrates schematically various embodiments of the present disclosure, wherein support structure workpieces 10 are separated from source material and then deformed by a deformation unit 20.
  • a source material 31, such as a filament or wire 31 is feeded from a source material storage 32.
  • the storage 32 may e.g. be a space comprising a rolled up source material 31, e.g. rolled up on a roll or in a spiral, it may be linearly extending source material 31 and/or the like.
  • the source material 31 may e.g. be a metal filament such as a metal wire, such as a steel wire or filament, it may be a polymer wire or filament and/or the like.
  • the source material 31 may in embodiments be of one solid unitary/monolithic structure that is coated or uncoated.
  • the cross sectional shape of the source material 31 may in embodiments of the present disclosure e.g. be circular shaped, polygonal shaped, or the like such as triangular shaped, rectangular, hexagonal shaped, trapezoidal, square shaped or the like.
  • the source material 31 is fed by a feeder towards a workpiece material cutter 35.
  • a feeding device 40 which feeds the source material 31 from the storage 32 towards the cutter 35.
  • the feeding device 40 comprises one or more pushing and/or pulling rolls 33.
  • One or both rolls 33 may be driven by a drive motor 33a to force/move the source material towards the cutter 35.
  • More rolls 33 may be provided in further embodiments.
  • Other types of feeding devices 40 may be provided in further embodiments, such as e.g. by magnetically driving the source material 21 towards the cutter, by using reciprocating drive members, by means of a belt or chain drive and/or the like (not illustrated).
  • the cutting device 35 comprises a cutting knife 35 with one or more cutting edges 35b.
  • the cutting edge is controlled by a knife moving unit 35c such as a linear actuator, a motor and/or the like.
  • the knife moving unit 35c is controlled to move the knife edge 35b into the source material 31 opposite the edge to cut support structure workpieces 10 from the source material 31.
  • the cutting device 35 may comprise a scissor cutting mechanism, a stamping, such as punching cutter and/or the like.
  • a guiding path 38 such as a pipe, slideway (as illustrated) or the like guides the cut off workpiece 10 to the support 22.
  • the workpiece has the initial maximum height H3 before deformation by the deformation unit 20.
  • This height H3 may e.g. be defined by the cross sectional shape and/or size of the source material 32, but it may possibly also, in some embodiments, deviate at least partly from that shape due to the cutting operation by means of the cutter 35.
  • the distance between cut surfaces of the workpiece 10 may also define the initial height H3, this may e.g. be provided the length of workpiece 10 that is cut from the source material 31.
  • the cut off surfaces 10a, 10b of the workpiece may be used as the surfaces for the contact surfaces of the support structure. In fig. 5b however, it is the outer uncut surface that made up the cross sectional shape of the source material 31 that is used for shaping the contact surfaces 5a, 5b.
  • Fig. 5c illustrates that the deformation unit 20 deforms the workpiece 10 cut from the source material 31.
  • a support structure 5 as seen in fig. 5d which has a desired height HI that is less than the initial workpiece height H3, is obtained.
  • timing of speed and/or start/stop of the feeding device 40 may e.g. be provided by controlling the drive 33a. Additionally or alternatively, timing of the cutting operation may be provided in order to provide a workpiece 10 at a desired time and/or of a desired size.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces 10 by the deformation unit 20 may in embodiments of the present disclosure provides oppositely, directed contact surfaces 5a, 5b. These contact surfaces may e.g. be substantially parallel, contact surfaces 5a, 5b at each support structure 5. One or both of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b may in other embodiments be slightly curved such as convex (not illustrated), or comprise another desired shape at last partly defined by the design of the deformation unit 20 such as the design of the support 22 and/or press 21.
  • the area of each contact surface 5a, 5b may makes up 50% or more of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface. In some embodiments the contact surface area of one or both surfaces 5a, 5b may make up 95% or less, such as 85% or less or 75% or less of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces by the deformation unit provides at least one plane contact surface. This may be achieved by the initial shape of the workpiece 10 and/or the constitution and/or setting of the deformation unit. In some embodiments the contact surface area of one or both surfaces 5a, 5b may make up 95% or more of the support structure silhouette when seen perpendicular to the contact surface. This may depend on the initial shape of the workpiece.
  • the support structures 5 are plastically deformed by the deformation unit 20 to have a first, desired, predetermined support structure height H1, that is less than the initial maximum height H3 (see e.g. fig 1c and/or 5b) of the workpiece 10.
  • the support structures 5 are placed at the surface 3a so that they support on one of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b, and the height H1, such as a maximum height, extends between/is defined between these contact surfaces 5a, 5b. See e.g. figs. 2-5 .
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces 10 by the deformation unit 20 may in embodiments of the present disclosure provide an at least 5% reduction of the initial maximum height H3 of the support structure workpiece 10 into a first support structure height H1, such as an at least 20%, such as an at least 40% reduction of the initial maximum height H3 of the support structure workpieces 10.
  • Fig. 6a-6c illustrates schematically embodiments of the present disclosure wherein a plurality of dispenser outlets 510 are arranged in a dispenser array 500.
  • the outlets 510 area arranged side by side, transverse to a movement direction of the glass sheet 3 (or the array 500) in a direction along the glass sheet surface 3.
  • the outlets 510 are hence arranged e.g. side by side in a dispenser distribution direction DIR2 that may be transverse to the movement direction with which a motor or the like provides a relative displacement between the array and the glass sheet 3 along the glass sheet surface 3a.
  • the outlets 510 of the array 500 are placed with a mutual distance and may dispense a row of support structures 5 at a time, for example simultaneously, onto the glass sheet surface 3a.
  • the mutual outlet 510 distance defines the support structure distance at the major glass sheet surface 3a.
  • the array 50 may in embodiments of the present disclosure comprise between 4 outlets 510 and 80 outlets 510, such as between 4 outlets 510 and 50 outlets 510, such as between 6 outlets 510 and 30 outlets 510.
  • Each outlet 510 may be part of/comprised in an individual support structure 5 dispensing system or be provided at a single dispensing system.
  • a movable support structure retainer 30 retains the respective support structure until it is desired to be dispensed/dropped towards the surface 3a.
  • the movable retainer may be controlled by means of an actuator such as a linear actuator or a motor (not illustrated).
  • the retainer may comprise a magnetizing unit or the like if the support structure 5 is magnetic.
  • workpieces 10 enters into the support 22 from a feeding device 40.
  • the feeding device may comprise a workpiece storage 32, or the like as e.g. previously described.
  • Individual deformation units 40 then deforms the respective workpiece 10 into a support structure 5, see fig. 6b . Afterwards, the deformed support structures 5 are released towards the surface 3a when desired by controlling the support structure retainer 30.
  • the support structure retainer 30 also acts as a counter hold providing a surface of the deformation unit so that the workpiece 10 is deformed between the retainer 30 surface and the press part 21.
  • the retainer 30 may be separate to the deformation unit, and a feeding part (not illustrated) may assure that the deformed workpiece/support structure 5 is supplied to the retainer 30, e.g. by gravity, air pressure, suction and/or the like to be ready to be dispensed.
  • the array 500 may help to increase VIG unit production/manufacturing speed and/or VIG unit assembly production/manufacturing speed.
  • an intermediate support structure storage/buffer (not illustrated) comprising a plurality of support structures received from the deformation unit 20 may be placed between the deformation unit 20 and the glass sheet to be provided with the support structure.
  • a dispenser may then dispense support structures from this storage/buffer towards the glass surface 3a.
  • such a buffer/storage may be omitted as e.g. illustrated in figs. 6a-6c .
  • Fig. 7 illustrates schematically a cross section of an evacuation of the gap 6 of the VIG unit according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • a fluid path between an evacuation pump 11 and an evacuation cup 79 is provided.
  • the evacuation cup covers a pump out port 6a over which a sealing system 6b is arranged.
  • the sealing system comprises a tube such as a metal tube or a glass tube, and solder material.
  • a heater e.g. a heater inside the cup 70 (not illustrated)
  • the pump evacuates the gap 6.
  • This evacuation gradually provides, in embodiments of the present disclosure, a further, second deformation, such as a plastic deformation, of one or a plurality of the support structures as the pressure in the gap is reduced in the gap, so the support structure height HI provided by the deformation unit is further reduced to a second height H2.
  • This further second deformation is hence provided/obtained by means of the pump 11.
  • the second deformation may provide an at least 10%, such as at least a 20%, for example at least a 30% reduction of the initial support structure height HI that was obtained by means of the deformation unit 20.
  • This deformation may be subjected to each support structure 5 of a group, such as a subgroup, of the support structures 5 placed in the gap.
  • the further, second deformation of the support structure height HI provided by means of the pump 11 when the gap is evacuated may provide a between 20% and 70%, such as between 30% and 70%, for example between 40% and 60% reduction of the first height HI of a group, such as a subgroup, of the support structures placed in the gap.
  • At least 2% such as at least 10% or at least 30% of the support structures 5 in the evacuated gap 6 may be subjected to the further deformation to go from having the first height HI to having a reduced, second height H2, and this may be a may be a plastic support structure deformation.
  • at least 5% such as at least 10%, such as at least 25% of the total amount of support structures 5 of the vacuum insulated glass unit 1 have been subjected to the further, second deformation.
  • between 5% and 95% such as between 15% and 80%, for example between 20% and 60% of the total amount of support structures of the VIG unit assembly may be subjected to said further deformation by means of the pump.
  • overall deformation from the initial maximum workpiece height H3 to the final support structure 5 height H2 in the evacuated VIG unit gap 6 may be provided by initially reducing the workpiece height H3 into the support structure height H1, and from there to the support structure height H2 that is adapted in the gap during gap evacuation.
  • the overall deformation into the final support structure 6 height H2 may provide that each support structure 5 of a group, such as a subgroup, of the support structures 5 placed in the gap 6 has a height H2 that is least 20% smaller, such as at least 30%, smaller for example at least 40% smaller than the initial maximum height H3 of the respective workpiece.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates schematically an embodiment of the present disclosure wherein the support structures 5 in the evacuated gap 6 of a VIG unit 1 have different heights, such as by means of plastic support structure deformation.
  • This different support structure height may in embodiments of the present disclosure at least partly be provided by means of the further deformation described above so that the final height H2 of the support structures 5 is adapted to the surface characteristic of the glass sheets 3, 4.
  • the support structure height HI obtained by means of a deformation unit may substantially not be changed in the VIG unit gap, or it may be subjected to merely elastic deformation.
  • Figs. 9a-9c and figs. 10-11 illustrates microscopic images of a support structure 5 according to various embodiments of the present disclosure where a deformation unit 20 has plastically deformed a spherical, solid steel ball into a support structure having the desired height HI.
  • the initial steel ball was here a precision steel ball having a diameter of 0.4 mm, but other ball diameters may be used in other embodiments of the present disclosure, as e.g. described previously in this document.
  • the compression/deformation of the steel ball by means of coining the solid steel ball provided the substantially plane contact surfaces 5a, 5b.
  • the microscope may be a stereo microscope or a dyno light microscope.
  • the side surface 5c extends between the opposing contact surfaces 5a, 5b, and extends in the present example convexly, such as bulging, between the surfaces 5a, 5b.
  • the side surface 5c is bulging, and in a cross sectional view, the side surface 5c describes an arc, such as substantially a circular arc, between the surfaces 5a, 5b at both sides of a support structure cross section. See fig. 9c where the cross section can be imagined as the silhouette of the support structure 5 seen from the side towards the side surface 5c.
  • the side surface 5c arc described by the surface 5c between the contact surfaces 5a, 5b may substantially be an arc of/comprised in a circle CI1, CI2, and these circles have non-coinciding centres C1, C2. This may be caused by the plastic deformation by means of the deformation unit 20, in this case by deforming a spherical ball.
  • the circles CI1, CI2 may as illustrated, in embodiments of the present disclosure have a diameter that is larger than the support structure height HI (or H2).
  • the side surface 5c arc extending between the contact surfaces may have a length that is larger than the height HI (or H2), such as at least 1.1 or at least 1.3 times the height HI (or H2).
  • the support structure 5 has a width W1.
  • the support structure 5 in embodiments of the present disclosure as illustrated in figs. 9a-9c may have an outer circular side periphery described by the side surface/side edge surface 9c extending between the contact surfaces 5a, 5b, the width W1 may be a maximum diameter.
  • the maximum width W1, such as the maximum diameter, of the support structure 5 may be larger than the height HI provided after the deformation of the spacer/support structure 5, such as at least 1.3, times, such as at least 1.5 times or at least 1.8 times larger than the height HI of the support structure 5.
  • the maximum width W1, such as the maximum diameter, of the support structure 5 may be between 1.3 and 6 times, such as between 1.5 and 6 times, for example between 2 times and 4 times larger than the height HI of the spacer 2.
  • the maximum width W1, such as the maximum diameter, of the support structure 5 may be at least 2 times, such as at least 2.4 times or at least 2.8 times larger than the height HI of the support structure 5.
  • the increased maximum width W1 when compared to the support structure height HI obtained by means of the deformation by the deformation unit as e.g. previously described may be provided at least partly due to the deformation of the workpiece so that the plastic deformation of the workpiece due to the deformation provides a "flow" of workpiece material that result in a support structure width W1 that is larger than the initial workpiece width, such as diameter.
  • the width W2 (such as diameter) of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b is less than the maximum width W1 (such as diameter) of the support structure , as the maximum width W1 is determined between the bulging side surfaces.
  • the width W2 (such as diameter) of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b may be between 0.6 and 0.96 times the maximum width W1 (such as diameter) of the support structure, such as between 0.7 and 0.9 times the maximum width W1 (such as diameter) of the support structure.
  • the width (such as diameter) W2 of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b may be less than 0.95 times, such as less than 0.8 times, for example less than 0.6 times the maximum width W1 (such as diameter) of the support structure 5.
  • the width W2 (such as diameter) of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b may be larger than 0.4 times, such as larger than 0.5 times , for example larger than 0.6 times the maximum width W1 (such as diameter) of the support structure 5.
  • the contact surface 5a, 5b area after workpiece deformation may make up 50% or more of the support structure 5 silhouette when seen perpendicular to the respective contact surface 5a, 5b.
  • the support structures 5 may have a support structure height HI after the deformation by the deformation unit of less than 0.6 mm, such as less than 0.5 mm such as less than 0.3 mm, such as less than 0.25 mm.
  • the support structure/spacer height HI may be 0.2 mm or less.
  • the compressive load on at least 80% or 90%, such as substantially all support structures of the VIG unit may be between 0.5 GPa and 2 GPa, such as between 0.6 and 1.3 GPa.
  • the tolerances for the support structure height HI may be ⁇ 30 micron, such as ⁇ 20 micron, or ⁇ 10 micron or less.
  • spacer/support structure 5 height HI may be 0.2 mm with a ⁇ 25 micron, such as ⁇ 20 micron, or ⁇ 10 micron tolerance.
  • maximum support structure width W1 may be 0.44 mm or 0.66 mm with a ⁇ 40 micron, such as ⁇ 20 micron, or ⁇ 10 micron tolerance.
  • the tolerances of the spacer/support structure 5 width W1 may in some embodiments of the present disclosure be less restrictive than the tolerance requirements to the spacer/support structure 5 height HI.
  • contact surfaces 5a, 5b and/or support structures 5 are shaped/designed so as to not allow to trap pockets of gasses between glass surface and pillar surface, and hence the contact surface 5a, 5b flatness may in embodiments of the present disclosure be substantially flat and/or comprise one or more grooves/furrows and/or the like to reduce the risk of trapping gasses in between the glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a and the contact surfaces 5a, 5b.
  • Outgassing from the support structure 5 should be minimized. Particularly outgassing of non-getterable species should be avoided for example argon.
  • the maximum width W1 of the support structure 5 after the workpiece 10 deformation by the deformation unit 20 is larger, such as at least 3% larger, for example 20 % larger, such as at least 35% larger or at least 100% larger than the initial width D1 of the workpiece before the workpiece deformation.
  • the maximum width W1 of the support structure 5 after the workpiece 10 deformation by the deformation unit 20 is at least 40% larger, for example at least 50% larger, such as at least 80% larger than the initial width D1 of the workpiece before the workpiece deformation.
  • the maximum width W1 of the support structure 5 after the workpiece 10 deformation by the deformation unit 20 is between 3% and 120% larger, such as between 5% and 85% larger, for example between 20% and 65% larger than the initial width D 1 of the workpiece 10 before the workpiece deformation.
  • the maximum width W1 of the support structure 5 after the workpiece 10 deformation by the deformation unit 20 is between 10% and 85% larger, for example between 20% and 70% larger than the initial width D1 of the workpiece 10 before the workpiece deformation.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates an image of a support structure 5 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, where the support structure 5 was made from an initial workpiece being a spherical, solid metal ball of a diameter of 0.4 mm.
  • the support structures After deformation by means of a deformation unit, the support structures has a height of 298 microns, i.e. approximately 0.3 mm.
  • the maximum support structure width W1 is here 555 microns, corresponding to about 0.6 mm.
  • the contact surface area 5a, 5b width W2, such as the diameter of the contact surfaces is about 391 and 392 microns respectively, corresponding to about 0.4 mm.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates an image of a support structure 5 according to embodiments of the present disclosure, where the support structure 5 is made from an initial workpiece being a spherical, solid metal ball of a diameter of 0.4 mm.
  • the support structure 5 After deformation by means of a deformation unit, the support structure 5 has a height of 204 microns, i.e. approximately 0.2 mm.
  • the maximum width W1 is here 668 microns, corresponding to about 0.7 mm.
  • the contact surface width W2, such as the diameter of the contact surfaces 5a, 5b is about 578 and 561 microns respectively, corresponding to 0.6 mm.
  • Fig. 12a illustrates an initial special, massive steel ball for use as a VIG unit support structure workpiece 10 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the spherical ball 10 has a diameter D1 of for example 0.4 mm.
  • Figs. 12b-12e illustrates the silhouette/contour of the ball of the type of fig. 12a , and are the contour silhouette/contour of the ball which are drawn up based on microscopic images of spherical solid steel balls that have been plastically deformed by different loads.
  • the deformation load/force provided by e.g. the deformation unit 20 increases from 5 kg to 20 kg, the contact surface 5a, 5b area increases, the support structure height HI decreases, and also the maximum support structure width W1 increases.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates schematically a manufacturing line 200 for a VIG unit according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the first glass sheet 3 first enters a first station 200 where edge seal material 7 such as solder glass edge seal material or metal solder edge seal material is provided to the upwardly facing major glass sheet surface 3a.
  • edge seal material 7 such as solder glass edge seal material or metal solder edge seal material is provided to the upwardly facing major glass sheet surface 3a.
  • the glass sheet 3a is moved to a support structure placement station 240 where one or more support structure dispensers, such as a dispenser system array 500 as previously described, dispenses support structures onto the major surface 3a.
  • one or more support structure dispensers such as a dispenser system array 500 as previously described, dispenses support structures onto the major surface 3a.
  • a relative movement MOV1 may be provided by means of a motor 80 to provide a relative movement between the one or more support structure dispensers and the glass sheet in a direction along the glass sheet surface 3a.
  • the glass sheets 4 and 3 are paired by placing the second glass sheet 4 on top of the first glass sheet 3 to cover the support structures 5.
  • the glass sheet 4 may e.g. rest on the edge seal material 7.
  • the glass pairing station 250 may comprise automation systems such as one or more of a robotic arm, one or more linear displacement members, one or more rails and/or the like for transporting the glass sheet 4 to the position opposite the surface 3a and lowering the glass sheet towards the surface 3a.
  • the edge seal material 7 of the VIG unit assembly 150 may be heated and the gap is evacuated to a reduced pressure as e.g. previously described (not illustrated in fig. 13 . It is understood that the edge seal material, if even needed, may be placed/applied subsequent to placing the support structures at station 240 instead. It may even in some embodiments be provided in an evacuation chamber or be omitted if the glass sheets are fused directly together by a glass sheet 3, 4 edge melting operation.
  • the deformation unit(s) 20 may as illustrated be arranged at a workpiece deformation station 230 at the manufacturing line 200.
  • the deformation station 230 provides the support structure workpiece 10 deformation during vacuum insulated glass unit assembly 50 manufacturing at the line 200 prior to arranging the resulting support structures 5 at the glass sheet 3a, e.g. as previously described according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the deformation unit(s) 20 of the deformation station 230 provides the support structure workpiece 10 deformation to provide support structures 5 to be placed at a first glass sheet 3, for example while the glass sheet 3 is arranged at the VIG unit assembly 50 manufacturing line 200.
  • the resulting support structures are then placed at the first glass sheet 3 surface 3a by the support structure placement arrangement station 240 in the VIG unit manufacturing line.
  • the deformation unit(s) 20 of the station 230 may provide the support structure workpiece 10 deformation to produce support structures 5 to be placed at a first glass sheet 3 after said first glass sheet 3 has been arranged at the support structure placement station 240 or the deformation station 230.
  • the deformation station and the placement station 240 may be at the substantially same location in the manufacturing line 200.
  • the deformation unit(s) 20 may provide the support structure workpiece 10 deformation to produce support structures 5 to be placed at a first glass sheet 3 while the first glass sheet 3 moves through or into a support structure 5 placement station 240.
  • the deformation of support structures 5 to be placed at a glass sheet surface 3a may be provided prior to the glass sheet 3 entering the station 240, for example while edge seal material 7 is provided, while glass sheet cleaning (not illustrated) is provided and/or the like.
  • the deformation of the support structure workpieces 10 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be provided by consecutively feeding and deforming, such as coining, the support structure workpieces 10 in a continuous feeding and deformation process. This may be provided during vacuum insulated glass unit assembly 50 manufacturing at the vacuum insulated glass unit assembly 50 manufacturing line 200.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates a workpiece 10 arranged at a deformation unit 20 to be deformed, where the workpiece 10 has a predefined shape different from spherical. In fig. 14 , the workpiece is partly conical.
  • the workpieces 10 to be deformed may comprise cylindrical workpieces, rectangular workpieces, conically shaped workpieces such as workpieces that are pyramid shaped, cone shaped workpieces, such as shaped as a frustum of a cone or a pyramid, oval workpieces and/or the like.
  • the workpieces be cut from e.g. a wire/filament (see e.g. figs. 5a-5d and the description thereto), may have a spherical shape such as be spherical balls and/or the like.
  • the workpieces 10 are provided with an initial shape that is to be adapted by the deformation unit.
  • the workpiece 10 in embodiments of the present disclosure may comprise one or more initial, predefined, flat such as substantially plane, surfaces that maybe enlarged by the deformation unit into contact surfaces 5a, 5b during the workpiece deformation.
  • initial predefined surfaces may not be present at the workpiece.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates a square support structure grid arranged at a major surface 3a according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the support structures 5 are arranged with a mutual distance DIS1.
  • the distance DIS1 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be at least 30 mm.
  • the distance DIS1 may be between 30 mm and 60 mm such as between 30 mm and 60 mm, such as between 35 mm and 45 mm, for example between 38 mm and 42 mm.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates schematically a further, second support structure 5 deformation according to embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • the further, second support structure deformation to obtain the support structure height H2 is provided by means of the evacuation pump which evacuates the gap.
  • an external mechanical pressing arrangement 300 comprising pressing bodies 310, 320 such as pressing plates, and actuators 330 provides the second support structure deformation to obtain the support structure height H2.
  • the bodies 310, 320 may e.g. comprise metal bodies or bodies of another material.
  • the pressing bodies 310, 320 comprises pressing surfaces 310a, 320a, and one or both pressing bodies is/are configured to move towards and away from each other so as to increase or reduce the distance between the pressing surfaces 310a, 320a. This movement is provided by means of the one or more actuators 330.
  • a VIG unit assembly 50 comprising the glass sheets 3, 4 (that may e.g. be annealed glass sheets or thermally tempered glass sheets) and the support structures 5 distributed between the glass sheets 3, 4 is placed between the pressing plate 310, 320 surface 310a, 320a.
  • the support structures 5 of the VIG unit assembly 50 when the assembly is placed in the pressing arrangement 300 have the initial support structure height H1.
  • One or more actuators 330 are controlled by a hardware controller (340 so that the distance between pressing surfaces 310a, 320a of the pressing bodies 310, 320 is reduced.
  • This provides a compression force F towards the major exterior surfaces of the glass sheets of the VIG unit assembly 50 that faces away from the gap 6.
  • This compression force F provides that the major glass sheet surfaces 3a, 4a facing the gap 6 provides a plastic deformation of the support structures 5 in the gap 6 so that the height HI of the support structures is reduced to a second, reduced height H2.
  • This provides an individual adaption of the spacer height to the surface 3a, 4a topography of the glass sheets 3a, 4a.
  • the hardware controller 340 controls the actuator(s) 330, e.g. based on a software program code stored in a data storage (not illustrated).
  • one or more load sensors may be configured to directly or indirectly detect the amount of force F provided to the assembly 50.
  • the one or more load sensors may comprise a processing unit receiving/retrieving electric current consumption information obtained from the actuator(s), it may comprise one or more strain gauges and/or the like.
  • load sensor(s) may provide feedback to a closed control loop system of a controller 340 controlling the actuator(s) 330.
  • the compression force F such as a maximum compression force, applied by means of the actuator(s) 330 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a predetermined compression force.
  • the predetermined compression force may be based on one or more parameters stored in a data storage such as the above mentioned data storage.
  • the one or more parameters may e.g. be related to the distance between adjacent spacers 5 in the gap, the support structure material, support structure size and/or the like.
  • the hardware controller may control the actuator(s) to gradually increase the force F to the predetermined compression force such as a predetermined maximum compression force. This may e.g. be provided by ramping up the force applied from an initial lower force.
  • the magnitude of the plastic deformation from the height HI into the height H2 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be as described in relation to one or more embodiments described above, e.g. in relation to fig. 7 and/or 7a.
  • the actuator(s) 330 is/are controlled so that the top press plate 210 moves towards the lower plate 320.
  • the actuator(s) 330 may be directly or indirectly connected to the lower pressing plate 320 instead, and the lower plate 320 may hence be moved, together with the VIG unit assembly 50 supporting thereon, towards the upper pressing plate 310.
  • one or more actuators 330 may be provided and configured to move one or both bodies 310, 320, and both pressing bodies 310, 320 may be movable towards and/or away from each other.
  • the external mechanical pressing arrangement 300 may provide some of the further, second plastic deformation into the height H2, or most, such as substantially all of the further, second plastic deformation into height H2.
  • the further, second deformation such as plastic deformation, may be provided partly by means of an evacuation pump evacuating the gap (e.g. as described above in relation to the description of fig. 7 ) and partly by the external mechanical pressing arrangement 300.
  • the actuator(s) 330 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be or comprise an pneumatic actuator, a hydraulic actuator, an electric actuator or the like. It may or may not comprise a gearing.
  • one or more load sensors are configured to directly or indirectly detect the amount of force F provided, e.g. by means of electric current consumption information obtained from the actuator system, by means of one or more strain gauges and/or the like.
  • load sensors may provide feedback to a closed feedback control system of a controller 340 controlling the actuator(s) 330.
  • the compression force F such as a maximum compression force, applied by means of the actuator(s) 330 may in embodiments of the present disclosure be a predetermined compression force.
  • the predetermined compression force may be based on one or more parameters stored in a data storage.
  • the one or more parameters may e.g. be related to the distance between adjacent spacers 5 in the gap, the support structure material, support structure size and/or the like.
  • a resilient sheet (not illustrated) may be placed between the respective pressing surface 310a, 320a and the respective major exterior glass sheet 3, 4, surface facing away from the gap 6. This my e.g. help to distribute forces and/or protect glass sheet surfaces.
  • the VIG unit may e.g. be transparent to at least visible light.
  • the manufactured VIG unit may be for use in a building window.
  • the building window may be a roof window.
  • the building window may be a vertical window such as a façade window.
  • the VIG unit when used in a building window may be laminated at one or both sides of the VIG unit by means of an interlayer and a further glass sheet.
  • the VIG unit may be used for e.g. cooling furniture such as in a door of a refrigerator or freezer and/or for heating furniture such as in a door of an oven. The VIG unit to enable a view through the VIG unit towards the goods stored in the interior of the cooling or heating furniture.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
EP22202427.5A 2022-10-19 2022-10-19 Pré-déformage de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de verre d'isolation sous vide Pending EP4357578A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22202427.5A EP4357578A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2022-10-19 Pré-déformage de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de verre d'isolation sous vide
PCT/EP2023/077719 WO2024083526A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2023-10-06 Pré-déformation de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de vitrage isolant sous vide
PCT/EP2023/077728 WO2024083529A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2023-10-06 Production d'unité de vig comprenant l'utilisation d'un distributeur comprenant une feuille de collecte
PCT/EP2023/077727 WO2024083528A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2023-10-06 Déformation in situ de structures de support pour des unités de vitrage isolant sous vide
PCT/EP2023/077733 WO2024083530A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2023-10-06 Commande de distance de sortie d'intercalaire lors de la fabrication d'une unité de vig au moyen d'un dispositif de commande de distance

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22202427.5A EP4357578A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2022-10-19 Pré-déformage de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de verre d'isolation sous vide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4357578A1 true EP4357578A1 (fr) 2024-04-24

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EP22202427.5A Pending EP4357578A1 (fr) 2022-10-19 2022-10-19 Pré-déformage de pièces de structure de support pour structures de support d'unités de verre d'isolation sous vide

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP4357578A1 (fr)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6689241B1 (en) 1998-12-10 2004-02-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Sealed vacuum double glazing and method for making
CN101481206A (zh) 2009-02-23 2009-07-15 左树森 自调节平整度的真空玻璃及其制备方法
US20100175347A1 (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-15 Bettger Kenneth J Filament-strung stand-off elements for maintaining pane separation in vacuum insulating glazing units
DE102010021127A1 (de) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Grenzebach Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas mit einer Hochvakuum-Isolierung
JP2019060085A (ja) 2017-09-25 2019-04-18 Ykk Ap株式会社 ガラスパネル及び建具
US10533366B2 (en) 2018-02-14 2020-01-14 Vkr Holding A/S Compressible pillar for a vacuum insulated glazing unit

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6689241B1 (en) 1998-12-10 2004-02-10 Saint-Gobain Glass France Sealed vacuum double glazing and method for making
US20100175347A1 (en) * 2009-01-15 2010-07-15 Bettger Kenneth J Filament-strung stand-off elements for maintaining pane separation in vacuum insulating glazing units
CN101481206A (zh) 2009-02-23 2009-07-15 左树森 自调节平整度的真空玻璃及其制备方法
DE102010021127A1 (de) * 2010-05-21 2011-11-24 Grenzebach Maschinenbau Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Mehrscheiben-Isolierglas mit einer Hochvakuum-Isolierung
JP2019060085A (ja) 2017-09-25 2019-04-18 Ykk Ap株式会社 ガラスパネル及び建具
US10533366B2 (en) 2018-02-14 2020-01-14 Vkr Holding A/S Compressible pillar for a vacuum insulated glazing unit

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