EP4344784A1 - Rotor part of an impact mill - Google Patents

Abstract

In a rotor part of an impact mill with a plurality of rotor tool knives (23) which can be detachably fastened to a knife fastening plate (21), an increased operating comfort is to be achieved. This is achieved in that a spacer disk recess (230) is cut out of each rotor tool knife (23), a knife holding recess (210) and a plate spacer disk recess (212) are cut out of the knife fastening plate (21) at each knife position, and a spacer disk (24) per rotor tool knife (23) can be rotatably mounted in the spacer disk recess (230) and fixed in the plate spacer disk recess (212), wherein a stop bead (242) is arranged around an upper edge of the spacer disk (24) and each knife holder fixes a rotor tool knife (23) to the knife fastening plate (21) and thus prevents movement of the rotor tool knife (23) parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis by interacting with the spacer disk (24).

Description

Technical area

The present invention describes a rotor part of an impact mill, which has a plurality of rotor tool knives that can be releasably attached to a knife fastening plate, each rotor tool knife being releasably fastened with a knife holder at an assigned knife position and the entire rotor part in an impact mill housing by means of a rotor part fastening sleeve attached to a drive defined radial distance to a stator part with a plurality of stator tools is rotatably mounted about a longitudinal axis and a method for adjusting the distance between a rotor tool knife, releasably attached to a knife fastening plate of a rotor part of an impact mill relative to a stator part fixedly arranged on an inner surface of an impact mill housing or its stator tools.

State of the art

Impact mills or rotor mills have been known for a long time and are becoming increasingly important in the course of treating used materials for recycling. Such impact mills are used to crush soft, medium-hard and fibrous, brittle materials. The applicant wanted to develop an impact mill that can also be used specifically for the aftertreatment and spherification of anode and cathode material from Li-ion battery recycling. The input material is fed into the impact mill from above and moved within an impact mill housing between a stator part and a rotor part. When rotating the rotor part with its rotor tools along the rigid stator part with correspondingly fixed stator tools, high impact forces act on the material Adhering black mass comes off and the anode and cathode material is simultaneously crushed and takes the shape of spheres. The material is conveyed pneumatically through the impact mill. Common diameters of rotor parts are in the range of one to two meters, the number of rotor tools is between 10 and 30 and rotor speeds of 40 to 100 m/s are achieved, with rotors with left-hand and right-hand rotation being preferred.

From the EP1960108 An insertable impact mill with an impact mill housing is known, wherein a stator part which is locally fixed on the impact mill housing is arranged and at least one rotatable rotor part is moved with rotor tool knives at a defined distance relative to the stator part. The rotor tool knives were releasably attached to a knife mounting plate, with the main aim being to simplify the replacement of individual rotor tool knives. The individual rotor tool knives were held in a form-fitting manner by tool retaining brackets above and below the knife mounting plate. Accordingly, the rotor tool knives had to be manufactured to match the two tool holding brackets and were made from high-strength steel with as little wear as possible. The tool retaining bracket has been optimized to make it as easy as possible to attach the rotor tool blades to the blade mounting plate. Overall, replacing rotor tool knives is complex and, given the increased number of individual components, often leads to problems and must be carried out extremely carefully. The same also applies to a possibly desired offset of the rotor tool blades in the radial direction outwards.

Impact mills and rotor parts with reusable and replaceable rotor tool knives are known, but the ease of replacing the rotor tool knives and adjusting the distance relative to the stator part 3 is disadvantageous and time-consuming.

Ultimately, the user-friendliness is not good and the impact crusher is anything but maintenance-friendly.

Description of the invention

The present invention has set itself the task of further developing an impact mill or a rotor part of an impact mill, so that increased ease of use is achieved. The exchange of rotor tool knives but also the simple and quick adjustment of the distance between the rotor tool knives relative to the stator tools of the stator part leads to enormously increased user-friendliness. In comparison to the interchangeable rotor tool knives known from the prior art, quick adjustment is achieved here and unwanted incorrect adjustment is avoided in practice.

The method of distance adjustment is also claimed in method claims.

Variations of combinations of features or minor adaptations of the invention can be found in the detailed description, shown in the figures and included in the dependent claims.

Short description of the drawings

A preferred embodiment of the subject matter of the invention is described below in connection with the accompanying drawings in the detailed description.

Figur 1

eine Ansicht in ein geöffnetes Prallmühlengehäuse mit Blick auf einen Rotorteil und den Statorteil.

Figur 2

zeigt eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Rotorteils mit Messerbefestigungsplatte und Rotorteilbefestigungshülse.

Figur 3

zeigt eine Schnittansicht durch den Rotorteil mit vollständig montierten Rotorwerkzeugmessern, während

Figur 4

eine perspektivische Teilansicht des Rotorteils, bei der Montage eines Rotorwerkzeugmessers mit Distanzscheibe in einer Messerhalterung zeigt.

Figur 5

zeigt eine Schnittansicht gemäss A-A aus Figur 3 durch einen Teil der Messerbefestigungsplatte im Bereich eines Rotorwerkzeugmessers.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention also emerge from the following description of slightly modified embodiments of the invention, which will be clear to the person skilled in the art from the drawings alone. They are shown in

Figure 1

a view into an opened impact mill housing with a view of a rotor part and the stator part.

Figure 2

shows a perspective view of a rotor part with blade mounting plate and rotor part mounting sleeve.

Figure 3

shows a sectional view through the rotor part with fully assembled rotor tool blades, while

Figure 4

a partial perspective view of the rotor part, showing the assembly of a rotor tool knife with spacer disk in a knife holder.

Figure 5

shows a sectional view according to AA from Figure 3 through a part of the knife mounting plate in the area of a rotor tool knife.

Description

An impact mill 0 is described which has an impact mill housing 1 with a substantially cylindrical impact mill housing wall 10 and a corresponding inner surface 11. A stator part 3 of the impact mill 0 is arranged along the inner surface 11, which stator part comprises a plurality of stator tools 30 which can have different dimensions and, in known embodiments, are arranged directly or indirectly attached to the inner surface 11 from the outside or inside.

Necessary components, such as a drive unit with at least one motor and electronics for controlling and monitoring the impact mill, are not shown here and are not explained in more detail since these components are known to those skilled in the art. For the inventive idea here, the shape of a drive shaft, the bearing of the drive shaft, the number of rotor parts and the detailed design of the stator part 3 are no longer of interest and can be designed in various designs.

Of particular interest here is a rotor part 2 which is mounted in the impact mill housing 1 so as to be rotatable about a longitudinal axis L. The rotor part 2 has a blade fastening plate 21, a rotor part fastening sleeve 22 and a plurality of rotor tool blades 23 fastened thereto. The blade fastening plate 21 is also called a star plate, since the shape of a multi-armed star is created by the radially outward-projecting rotor tool blades 23.

When the rotor part 2 or the knife fastening plate 21 with all components attached thereto rotates, the material to be ground can be crushed in the space between the rotor tool knives 23 and the stator tools 30 fixed thereto.

The Figure 2 The rotor part 2 shown has a simplified exchangeability of the rotor tool blades 23. For this purpose, a spacer disk 24 is arranged on each rotor tool blade 23, which is operatively connected to a blade holder.

Here the knife holder is designed, for example, as a knife holder plate 25. This ensures that the rotor tool knife 23, in which the spacer 24 is inserted, cannot move upwards. Each rotor tool knife 23 is held releasably secured against rotation with a knife holder plate 25 for each rotor tool knife 23 on the knife fastening plate 21. The tilting or rotation of the rotor tool knife 23 is ensured by the gap or slot as a knife holding recess 210 in the front part of the knife mounting plate 21. The rotor tool knife 23 is, for example, 15mm thick, the knife holding recess 210 is 15.5mm wide. If the knife holder plate 25 is selected as a knife holder, it can be secured by knife holder fasteners 26 used. This creates a simple, detachable connection of the rotor tool knife 23 to the knife mounting plate 21. The knife holder fasteners 26 do not necessarily have to be removed or loosened to allow linear displacement of the knife holder plate 25. Adequate stability and retention of the rotor tool knife 23 is nevertheless guaranteed. The knife fastening plate 21 is freely movable and is moved outwards at the latest when fastening is forgotten when the rotor part 2 is turned up and thus rotated.

However, instead of the knife holder plate 25, it would also be possible to screw the rotor tool knife 23 directly to the knife fastening plate 21 with a screw whose screw head protrudes at least partially over the spacer disk 24. Then the knife holder would be at least one screw, the head of which Spacer 24 is secured towards the top directly by the screw head, which protrudes at least partially over the spacer 24. This means that the knife holder plate 25 could be dispensed with, but appropriate screws and threaded holes or lock nuts would have to be provided. However, the technical effect would be the same, although the detachability of the rotor tool knife 23 including the spacer disk 24 would be more complex.

Sleeve fastening means 27, usually in the form of screws, nuts and washers, are used to fasten the knife fastening plate 21 to the rotor part fastening sleeve 22. Since enormous centrifugal forces and high radial accelerations act during operation, the fixation of the rotor tool knives 23 and of course the knife fastening plate 21 must be ensured.

In the sectional view of the Figure 3 the components of the rotor part 2 are shown again. The interchangeability of the rotor tool knives 23 is simplified by using the respective spacer sleeve 24 because the knife holder in the form of the knife holder plate 25 allows an indirect, releasable attachment of the rotor tool knives 23 to or in the knife fastening plate 21. In order to change or install a rotor tool knife 23, the knife holder fastening means 26 can be loosened so that the knife holder plate 25 can be moved parallel to the knife fastening plate 21. The individual process steps are in Figure 4 indicated with Roman letters and dashed arrows. In a slight modification, the knife holder fasteners 26 can be designed such that they do not have to be loosened in order to linearly displace the knife holder plate 25.

First, the design of the components knife mounting plate 21, rotor tool knife 23 and knife holder plate 25 will be briefly explained.

In the knife mounting plate 21, an elongated knife holding recess 210 and a round plate spacer recess 212 are provided at the location of each rotor tool knife 23, i.e. each knife position. Through the plate spacer recess 212, the spacer 24, which is also round, can be carried out parallel to the longitudinal axis L.

In optimized embodiments, the plate spacer recess 212 is provided with a positioning projection 2121 and/or with a recess stop bead 2122. The elongated knife holding recess 210 serves to accommodate the part of the rotor tool knife 23. In order for the spacer 24 to be operatively connected to the rotor tool knife 23, each rotor tool knife 23 is provided with a spacer recess 230 on its side oriented towards the longitudinal axis L. The spacer 24 can be inserted laterally into the spacer recess 230 and then pushed into the elongated knife holding recess 210 with the rotor tool knife 23, which is done here from above the knife fastening plate 21.

A recess stop bead 2122 is arranged on the plate spacer recess 212 along a lower edge, opposite the insertion side of the rotor tool knife 23. This recess stop bead 2122 projects towards the center of the plate spacer recess 212, so that the spacer 24 cannot slip downwards through the knife fastening plate 21 or the plate spacer recess 212.

Optionally, a bead holder 2123 can also be arranged at the upper edge of the plate spacer recess 212, which is advantageous depending on the design of the spacer 24.

The recess stop bead 2122 and the bead holder 2123 are designed here as an option or additional feature so that the spacer disk 24 does not fall through downwards. In practice, at least the design of a stop bead 242 running around the edge of the spacer disk 24 has prevailed, as in Figure 4 visible. At the upper edge of the spacer disk 24 is the circumferential stop bead 242, so that when the spacer disk 24 is fastened, it rests in the spacer disk recess 230 on the blade fastening plate 21.

The knife holder is designed as a knife holder plate 25, which here has a knife holder recess 251, whereby a fork-like shape is achieved. The width of the knife holder recess 251 is slightly larger than the width of the side of the rotor tool knife 23 to be inserted, so that the knife holder plate 25 can be moved parallel to the knife fastening plate 21 radially in the direction of the rotor tool knife 23, with the rotor tool knife 23 inserted into the knife holder recess 210 or with the knife holder recess 210 free. This process step is marked with I in Figure 4 marked. Before moving, the knife holder fastening means 26 can be loosened. If the knife mounting plate 21 is loose, the knife mounting plate 21 is moved outwards by centrifugal force. Here, a sliding slot 250 is cut out in the knife mounting plate 25 opposite the knife receiving recess 251, so that the knife holder fastening means 26 do not have to be completely loosened before the knife mounting plate 25 can be moved linearly.

If the knife holder plate 25 is displaced radially towards the center of the knife fastening plate 21 after step I, the rotor tool knife 23 with the spacer disk 24 inserted in the spacer disk recess 230 can be pulled out upwards parallel to the longitudinal axis L in a step II.
This allows rotor tool blades 23 to be exchanged and replaced quickly and easily, with only steps I and II being necessary.

In practice, however, the rotor tool blade 23 should not be completely replaced in order to conserve resources. The rotor tools 23 should be used multiple times and only changed when they are completely worn out. Optimized use of the rotor tool blade 23 and thus reduction of wear costs is extremely important today. Adjusting the gap between the rotor part 2 and the stator tools 30 is essential for the actual process. The gap has a strong influence on the quality of the disintegration, the balling and the comminution. The narrower the gap, the better the quality and the finer the product, but in return the wear increases, the energy requirement, the process heat increases and the throughput decreases. To solve this problem, fastening using a spacer disk 24 can also be useful. Thus, a variable adjustment of the distance between the plurality of rotor tool blades 23, which are detachably attached to the blade fastening plate 21 of the rotor part 2, relative to the plurality of stator tools 30, which are arranged on the inner surface 11 of the impact mill housing 1, is desired.

Here, the spacer 24 has several recesses 240 cut out along its circumference parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacer 24. These recesses 240 have different depths, with depth being the distance between the circumference and the end of the recess 240 towards the center of the recess 240 is understood. Specifically, in Figures 4 and 5 Spacer disks 24 are shown, each with four recesses 240 that completely cross in the longitudinal direction, i.e. parallel to a longitudinal axis. At least one recess 240 can be inserted into at least one positioning projection 2121 on the plate spacer recess 212 in an operatively connectable manner. It would also be possible to design the spacer 24 with more or fewer than four recesses 240 in the spacer 24, each with different depths of the recesses 240.

As shown in the partial section view Figure 5 , along line AA from Figure 3 the detachable fastening of the rotor tool knife 23 in the knife fastening plate 21 is possible in four different orientations of the spacer disk 24. The spacer disk 24 is mounted in the plate spacer disk recess 212 when the rotor tool knife 23 is installed, while the rotor tool knife 23 is mounted in the knife holding recess 210. The distance between the tip of the rotor tool knife 23 and the stator tool 30 is set depending on the orientation of the spacer disk 24 or with its recess 240 facing the center of the knife fastening plate 21 in the radial direction. An undesired rotation of the spacer disk 24 in the plate spacer disk recess 212 is not possible due to the at least one positioning projection 2121, since the recesses 240 of the spacer disk 24 can only be retracted at these positions. The spacer disk 24, which is freely rotatable in the spacer disk recess 230 in the rotor tool blade 23, can be placed together with the rotor tool blade 23 only in four defined orientations in the plate spacer disk recess 212.

As indicated by the double arrow, the rotor tool blade 23 can be fixed by means of the spacer disk 24 in the spacer disk recess 230 in the plate spacer disk recess 212 of the Knife mounting plate 21 and even the distance between the tip of the rotor tool knife 23 and the stator tool 30 can be varied.

On at least one end face of the spacer 24, as in Figure 5 It can be seen that a marking 241 assigned to the various recesses 240 can be printed, lasered or embossed. Four different markings 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 are printed here. The higher the value, the larger the flight circle of the rotor tool knife 23 and the smaller the distance to the stator tool 30. When the rotor tool knife 23 is mounted in the knife mounting plate 21, the rotor tool knife 23 remains radially in the respective outer position due to the centrifugal force. The markings 241 can be identified with different colors.

Distance adjustment procedure

If the tip of the rotor tool blade 23 facing the stator part 3 is worn, the distance of the rotor tool blade 23 relative to the stator part 3 can be varied as follows.

First, the knife holder plate 25 is loosened if the knife holder plate 25 was attached, otherwise you can skip this step, and pushed linearly towards the center of the knife holder plate 21, away from the knife holder recess 210 and the spacer recess 230, according to method step I.
Now the rotor tool knife 23 is pulled out together with the spacer 24 inserted into the spacer recess 230 upwards parallel to the longitudinal axis L in step II, as can be clearly seen in Figure II. Before moving, the knife holder fastener 26 is released. With the top here is the page the knife mounting plate 21 is meant, on which the knife holder plate 25 is arranged.
In order to achieve a varied distance from the stator part 3 when the same rotor tool knife 23 is installed again, according to a third step III, the spacer disk 24 is rotated about its longitudinal axis until a different recess 240 than before faces the tip of the rotor tool knife 23 in the spacer disk recess 230 lies. This is indicated by the dashed double arrow in Figure 4 indicated. Thereafter, the rotor tool knife 23 with spacer 24 is reinserted into the knife holding recess 210 and plate spacer recess 212, as in Figure 5 shown. The knife holder plate 25 is then pushed back to the outer edge of the knife fastening plate 21, the knife fastening plate 21 being partially pushed over the spacer disk 24, so that the rotor tool knife 23 is indirectly secured against slipping upwards by the spacer disk 24. As soon as the knife holder plate 25 is reattached and the process has been repeated with selected rotor tool knives 23, the impact mill housing 1 can be loaded and closed and the impact mill 0 can start operating again.

The process of adjusting the distance can be carried out several times with a rotor tool knife 23 before a change is due. This distance adjustment is comparatively quick and easy. The rotor tool knife 23 is indirectly held in a releasable, positive-locking manner in the knife holding recess 210 and the plate spacer recess 212 by means of the spacer disk (24) and the knife holder fastening means 26.

In our case, three such rotor parts 2 form the rotor in three levels. The levels can be mounted in line or offset, which influences the length of time the material goes from top to bottom.

If the material remains in the mill longer, the digestion improves and the throughput decreases.

We consider the rotor height, which is created with three levels of rotor parts 2, to be ideal. In the three levels, we can adjust the rotor tools to suit the breaking down/crushing process, i.e. make the gap between rotor part 2 and stator part 3 smaller from top to bottom. Different levels with mounted rotor tool blades 23 are generally set to different gap dimensions, the rotor tool blades 23 in the top level are set to the largest gap, the size and type of input material determine the setting. The further down the material goes in the impact mill 0, the more it is balled up/crushed. The gap dimensions in the lower levels are therefore set increasingly narrower.

List of reference symbols

• 0 impact mill
• 1 impact mill housing
  • 10 Impact mill housing wall (cylindrical)
  • 11 Interior surface
• 2 Rotor part (at least one)
  • 21 Blade mounting plate
    • 210 Knife holding recess (space for knife and DS in level)
    • 212 Plate spacer recess
      • 2121 Positioning projection (240 enters there)
      • 2122 Recess stop bead
      • 2123 optional bead holder
  • 22 Rotor part fastening sleeve
  • 23 Rotor tool knives
    230 Spacer recess (for DS in 23, across the plane)
  • 24 Spacer
    • 240 recesses (different depths)
    • 241 markings (adjustment path towards stator part, radial)
    • 242 stop bead (partly along edge)
• Knife holder
  • 25 Knife holder plate
    • 250 Sliding slot
    • 251 Knife holder recess
  • 26 Blade holder fasteners
  • 27 Sleeve fasteners
• 3 Stator part (rigid in the impact mill housing, rotating)
  30 stator tools (multiple, different widths, attached differently)

Claims (10)

Rotor part (2) of an impact mill (0), which has a plurality of rotor tool blades (23) which can be detachably fastened to a blade fastening plate (21), wherein each rotor tool blade (23) can be detachably fastened to an associated blade position with a blade holder and the entire rotor part (2) is mounted rotatably about a longitudinal axis in an impact mill housing (1) at a defined radial distance from a stator part (3) with a plurality of stator tools (30) by means of a rotor part fastening sleeve (22) fastened to a drive,
characterized in that a spacer disc recess (230) is cut out of each rotor tool blade (23), at each knife position, a knife holding recess (210) and a plate spacer recess (212) are cut out of the knife mounting plate (21), and one spacer disk (24) per rotor tool blade (23) can be rotatably mounted in the spacer disk recess (230) and fixed in the plate spacer disk recess (212), wherein a stop bead (242) is arranged around an upper edge of the spacer disk (24) and each knife holder fixes a rotor tool knife (23) to the knife mounting plate (21) and thus, through cooperation with the spacer disk (24), prevents movement of the rotor tool knife (23) parallel and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis (L). Rotor part (2) according to claim 1, wherein the knife holder is designed as a knife holder plate (25) which attaches the rotor tool knife (23) to the rotor tool knife (23) by knife holder fastening means (26). Blade mounting plate (21). Rotor part (2) according to claim 2, wherein the knife holder plate (25) is linearly displaceable and has a knife receiving recess (251) on the tool side as a gap facing the rotor tool knife (23) and the knife holder fastening means (26) in a displacement slot (250) in the knife fastening plate (21 ) are arranged. Rotor part (2) according to one of the preceding claims 2 or 3, wherein
a recess stop bead (2122) is arranged at least partially circumferentially on one side of the plate spacer recess (212). Rotor part (2) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein along the circumference of the spacer disk (24) a plurality of recesses (240) with different depths are recessed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the spacer disk (24). Rotor part (2) according to claim 4, wherein at least two recesses (240) are recessed completely crossing the spacer disk (24) in the longitudinal direction with two different depths and preferably four or more recesses (240) completely crossing the spacer disk (24) in the longitudinal direction with four or more different depths. Rotor part (2) according to one of claims 4 or 5, wherein markings (241) assignable to the recesses (240) are arranged on at least one end face of the spacer disk (24) in a printed, lasered or embossed manner. Impact mill (0) with an impact mill housing (1) and a cylindrical impact mill housing wall (10) on the inner surface (11) of which a rotating stator part (3) with a plurality of stator tools (30) is arranged and at least one rotor part (2) according to one of the preceding claims is arranged to be rotatable. Method for adjusting the distance between a rotor tool blade (23) detachably attached to a blade mounting plate (21) of a rotor part (2) of an impact mill (0) relative to a stator part (3) fixed to an inner surface (11) of an impact mill housing (1) or its stator tools (30),
characterized by the steps: I) Detaching a knife holder from the rotor tool knife (23), II) Lifting the rotor tool knife (23) together with a spacer disk (24) upwards out of a knife holding recess (210) and a plate spacer disk recess (212) in the knife mounting plate (21) and then III) Rotation of the spacer disk (24) so that another recess (240) of the spacer disk (24) faces the side opposite the tip of the rotor tool knife (23) and the rotor tool knife (23) is thus indirectly held together with the spacer disk (24) and is inserted back into the knife holding recess (210) and plate spacer disk recess (212) and is again fixed to the knife mounting plate (21) by means of a knife holder. Method according to claim 9, wherein the knife holder as a knife holder plate (25) fixable by Knife holder fastening means (26) and thus in Step I) by linear displacement of the knife holder plate (25) parallel to the center of the knife mounting plate (21) with the knife holder fastening means (26) previously loosened or not manipulated, the rotor tool knife (23) is released and in step III) the rotor tool knife (23) is fixed to the knife fastening plate (21) by pushing back the knife holding plate (25).

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