EP4298397A1 - Deformationsgeschoss für polizei- und behördenmunition - Google Patents
Deformationsgeschoss für polizei- und behördenmunitionInfo
- Publication number
- EP4298397A1 EP4298397A1 EP22708143.7A EP22708143A EP4298397A1 EP 4298397 A1 EP4298397 A1 EP 4298397A1 EP 22708143 A EP22708143 A EP 22708143A EP 4298397 A1 EP4298397 A1 EP 4298397A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- cavity
- bullet
- hollow
- deformation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
- F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
- F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
- F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type
Definitions
- the present invention relates to deformation projectiles and in particular hollow point projectiles, for example for police and/or authority ammunition with a caliber of at most 13 mm. Furthermore, the present invention relates to police and/or authority ammunition with a maximum caliber of 13 mm.
- police and/or authority ammunition is characterized, among other things, by the fact that the firing range is generally less than 150 m.
- Generic deformation projectiles are characterized by a defined wound ballistic behavior, namely a predetermined deformation, in particular mushrooming, after hitting the target.
- Hollow-point projectiles are known in the prior art, in which an axially protruding ballistic insert, for example in the form of a bullet, is introduced in the central cavity on the bow side.
- a projectile is known for example from EP 0636853 Ai.
- the projectile according to EP 0636853 Ai is made of brass, which has the advantage of good deformation properties and simple machining.
- the central blind hole is made by machining and a plastic ball is pressed into it, which causes the ball to be pushed axially inwards into the blind hole when the bullet hits the target, and the surrounding wall of the bullet body follows widens outside.
- the jacket surrounding the plastic ball is compressed or squeezed around it in a form-complementary manner, so that the plastic ball is held in a non-positive and positive manner.
- the main disadvantage of the projectile according to EP 0636853 Ai was the complex production process, namely the machining of the central blind hole and the connection between the plastic ball and the projectile body.
- the material brass has the disadvantages described above.
- a particular disadvantage of brass has been found to be that the bullets are machined, resulting in a large amount of waste, which affects costs.
- the nose-side plastic bullet to support the desired deformation can under certain circumstances have an adverse effect on the accuracy of the bullet.
- a hollow-point bullet without a bow-side insert is known, for example, from US 2008/0216700 Ai.
- the hollow point bullet is lead-free and is made of copper or a copper alloy, for example, which is why its accuracy is unsatisfactory. It has also been found that the projectile according to US 2008/0216700 Ai does not always expand as desired.
- a hollow point projectile for ammunition for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a caliber of less than 13 mm, is then provided.
- the hollow point projectile is defined by the hollow point at the front or the hollow space in the area of the projectile tip.
- Projectiles according to the invention can also be referred to as solid projectiles, since they are formed in one piece, in particular from a homogeneous material.
- the hollow point bullet is intended for use in handguns, ie revolvers, submachine guns and/or pistols.
- a metallic hollow point bullet can also be provided for rifles.
- the hollow point projectile is preferably provided up to a caliber of 20 mm, in particular up to a caliber of 12 mm.
- Cartridges usually consist of a projectile, a cartridge case, propellant powder and a primer.
- the projectile is the object fired from the weapon.
- the weight of a projectile can be between 3 g and 20 g, in particular between 5 g and 15 g, preferably between 5.5 g and 9 g, particularly preferably between 6.0 g and 6.3 g , e.g. 6.1g, which means that it cannot penetrate a protective vest when it is used. Due to their weight and shape, the projectiles used by the authorities in 9 mm caliber Luger cartridges reach muzzle velocities of 340 m/s. or more.
- the material of the hollow point bullet is preferably lead-free and/or lead-alloy-free.
- Caliber is commonly referred to as a measure of the outside diameter of projectiles or bullets and the inside diameter of a firearm barrel.
- hollow point projectiles according to the invention are also used for ammunition with a caliber of less than 9 mm, less than 7 mm or at most 5.6 mm.
- full jacket bullets which usually consist of a jacket made of a deformable material such as tombac, and a bullet core arranged therein, in particular pressed, which is produced separately from the jacket
- hollow point bullets often have no separate jacket.
- the hollow point bullet is made in one piece.
- the projectile can have an in particular ogive-shaped projectile nose with a central cavity and a projectile rear.
- the rear floor can in Substantially be made of solid material and / or at least partially be designed as a solid cylinder.
- the maximum outer diameter, which determines the caliber of the bullet, can be present in the area of the bullet tail.
- the tail of the projectile can have, for example, the guide band, which is in particular at least partially cylindrical, for guiding the deformation projectile in the gun barrel.
- the guide band can for example be designed in such a way that it engages in a Switzerland-Fel d profile of the gun barrel, which serves in particular to impart a twist to the deformation projectile as it slides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.
- the projectile nose can have a nose wall delimiting the cavity, which has an ogive-shaped contour at least in sections on its outside.
- a phasing section may be located at the tail end of the bullet tail to facilitate insertion of the hollow point bullet into a neck of a cartridge case and/or to form a particularly aerodynamic tail end (commonly referred to as a "boat-tail").
- the nose of the projectile in particular its ogive section, can have an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall.
- the ogive cavity allows the bullet to undergo compression deformation upon impact with a target or other resistance.
- the projectile according to the invention When the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy.
- the projectile tip is preferably deformed relative to the rear section, which is in particular cylindrical, essentially only in the axial and radial directions.
- the deformation can be rotationally symmetrical.
- the ogive cavity is preferably empty, ie filled only with ambient air.
- An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed without steps and/or without interruptions in the circumferential direction and/or has only rounded edges.
- An ogive outer side defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed without steps in the circumferential direction and/or has a constant wall thickness circumferentially, in particular over the entire circumference.
- the hollow point bullet is made of iron, in particular soft iron.
- an environmentally friendly hollow point projectile is created which has improved ballistics.
- iron is inexpensive and is characterized by good deformability, which simplifies the production of hollow-point bullets.
- the iron hollow-point bullets according to the invention are particularly suitable for manufacturing by means of solid forming, in particular by cold forming, such as deep-drawing or extrusion, as an alternative to machining.
- Iron also has the advantage that it can be post-treated better than the projectile materials previously used, in particular thermally post-treated, such as soft annealing.
- the hollow point bullet is made of steel.
- the carbon content can be more than 0.05%. It has been found that increasing the carbon content increases the hardness and tensile strength of the hollow point bullet and/or improves its formability, in particular optimizes it, which has an advantageous effect on the bullet ballistics. Furthermore, it has been found that the carbon content according to the invention protects the hollow-point bullet against corrosion. Furthermore, the increased carbon content also contributes to limiting the diffusion between the firearm barrel and the hollow point bullet when it is fired with a firearm.
- the carbon content can be in the range from 0.06% to 1.14%, in particular in the range from 0.08% to 0.12%. Such carbon areas have proven to be particularly advantageous in terms of ballistics.
- the hollow point bullet according to the invention is made from a material which, in addition to iron, has at least one other transition metal, for example selected from the group containing manganese and copper, in particular in a mass fraction of 0.01% to 1.2% or 0 .3% to 1%.
- the material of the hollow-point bullet can contain at least one further additive selected from the carbon group, the nitrogen group and/or the oxygen group.
- the at least one additive can be a semimetal.
- the at least one additive may have a weight percentage of at least 0.01% to at most 0.48%.
- the iron of the hollow-point bullet has a manganese content of 0.01% to 0.8%, in particular 0.3% to 0.6%.
- the iron has a silicon content of less than 3.5%, in particular less than 0.4% or less than 0.3%.
- the iron has a phosphorus content in the range from 0.01% to 0.04%, in particular in the range from 0.02% to 0.03%.
- the iron has a sulfur content in the range from 0.01% to 0.04%, in particular in the range from 0.02% to 0.03%.
- the iron has a copper content of less than 0.4%, in particular less than 0.3% or less than 0.25%.
- the hollow point bullet can be made from Saar steel C10C.
- the hollow point projectile contains no lead.
- a deformation bullet in particular a hollow point bullet, for example for police and/or official ammunition, in particular with a maximum caliber of 13 mm.
- the deformation projectile can be designed according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the deformation projectile comprises an in particular ogive-shaped projectile nose with a central cavity and a projectile rear.
- the rear end of the projectile can essentially be made of solid material and/or can be configured as a solid cylinder at least in sections.
- the maximum outer diameter, which determines the caliber of the bullet, can be present in the area of the bullet tail.
- the tail of the projectile can have, for example, the guide band, which is in particular at least partially cylindrical, for guiding the deformation projectile in the gun barrel.
- the guide band can for example be designed in such a way that it engages in a Switzerland-Fel d profile of the gun barrel, which serves in particular to impart a twist to the deformation projectile as it slides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.
- the projectile nose can have a nose wall delimiting the cavity, which has an ogive-shaped contour at least in sections on its outside.
- a phasing section may be located at the tail end of the bullet tail to facilitate insertion of the hollow point bullet into a neck of a cartridge case and/or to form a particularly aerodynamic tail end (commonly referred to as a "boat-tail").
- the nose of the projectile in particular its ogive section, can have an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall.
- the ogive cavity allows the bullet to undergo compression deformation upon impact with a target or other resistance.
- the projectile according to the invention When the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy.
- the projectile When the projectile is compressed, it deforms Projectile tip preferably relative to the particularly cylindrical rear section essentially only in the axial and radial directions.
- the ogive cavity is preferably empty, i.e. filled only with ambient air.
- An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed without steps and/or without interruptions in the circumferential direction and/or has exclusively rounded edges.
- An ogive outer side defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed without steps in the circumferential direction and/or has a constant wall thickness circumferentially, in particular over the entire circumference.
- the deformation bullet can, for example, be manufactured without machining.
- the deformation projectile can also have an intermediate production state, in which the projectile is present as an intermediate, in which the jacket wall forming the projectile nose on the finished projectile extends essentially constantly in a straight line, in particular having a constant inside and/or outside diameter.
- the cavity extends from a front opening without forming an undercut in the direction of a rear cavity base.
- the base of the cavity can be concave in shape, for example, and/or have different radii of concavity.
- the undercut-free cavity has proven to be advantageous, especially with regard to the mushrooming behavior in the target ballistics.
- the undercut can be designed, for example, at least in sections in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, in the shape of a truncated cone, cylinder or part of a circle.
- the cavity can be produced by massive forming in a die-stamp arrangement, with the stamp in particular, in particular its external shape, being responsible for the internal geometry of the cavity.
- a front wall delimiting the cavity has an essentially constant inner diameter at least in sections.
- the constant inner diameter can form over at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80% or at least 90% of a total length of the cavity.
- the inner diameter of the cavity is constant up to the base of the cavity, which is in particular concave in shape at least in sections.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the previously used manufacturing step of bending the front wall surrounding the cavity radially inwards can be omitted without having to accept losses in precision and/or end ballistics.
- a deformation projectile in particular a hollow point projectile, is provided, for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm.
- the deformation projectile can be designed according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the deformation projectile comprises an in particular ogive-shaped projectile nose with a central cavity and a projectile rear.
- the rear end of the projectile can essentially be made of solid material and/or can be configured as a solid cylinder at least in sections.
- the maximum outer diameter, which determines the caliber of the bullet, can be present in the area of the bullet tail.
- the tail of the projectile can have, for example, the guide band, which is in particular at least partially cylindrical, for guiding the deformation projectile in the gun barrel.
- the guide band can for example be designed in such a way that it engages in a Switzerland-Fel d profile of the gun barrel, which serves in particular to impart a twist to the deformation projectile as it slides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.
- the projectile nose can have a nose wall delimiting the cavity, which has an ogive-shaped contour at least in sections on its outside.
- a phasing section may be located at the rear end of the bullet tail to facilitate insertion of the hollow point bullet into a neck of a cartridge case simplify and/or to form a particularly aerodynamic tail end (commonly referred to as a "boat-tail").
- the nose of the projectile in particular its ogive section, can have an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall.
- the ogive cavity allows the bullet to undergo compression deformation upon impact with a target or other resistance.
- the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy.
- the projectile tip is preferably deformed relative to the rear section, which is in particular cylindrical, essentially only in the axial and radial directions.
- the ogive cavity is preferably empty, i.e. filled only with ambient air.
- An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed without steps and/or without interruptions in the circumferential direction and/or has exclusively rounded edges.
- An ogive outer side defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed without steps in the circumferential direction and/or has a constant wall thickness circumferentially, in particular over the entire circumference.
- the deformation bullet can, for example, be manufactured without machining.
- the deformation projectile can also have an intermediate production state, in which the projectile is present as an intermediate, in which the jacket wall forming the projectile nose on the finished projectile extends essentially constantly in a straight line, in particular having a constant inside and/or outside diameter.
- the diameter of a front opening of the cavity is greater than 50% of the caliber of the projectile.
- the wall thickness of the front wall surrounding the cavity in the projectile nose is reduced due to the large cavity dimension in the radial direction.
- the large dimension of the cavity when the bullet hits a target allows as much material of the target as possible to penetrate the cavity in order to achieve the desired deformation, namely to cause the projectile to expand radially outwards. Both beneficial effects accelerate and improve the desired expansion of the bullet. The faster the deformation takes place, the faster the diameter of the bullet increases and with it its resistance at the target. Penetration of a protective vest, for example, can be avoided more reliably.
- the orifice diameter prior to impact of the projectile with a target is at least 55%, at least 60%, or at least 65% of the caliber of the projectile.
- a deformation projectile in particular a hollow point projectile, is provided, for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm.
- the deformation projectile can be designed according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the deformation projectile comprises an in particular ogive-shaped projectile nose with a central cavity and a projectile rear.
- the rear end of the projectile can essentially be made of solid material and/or can be configured as a solid cylinder at least in sections.
- the maximum outer diameter, which determines the caliber of the bullet, can be present in the area of the bullet tail.
- the tail of the projectile can have, for example, the guide band, which is in particular at least partially cylindrical, for guiding the deformation projectile in the gun barrel.
- the guide band can for example be designed in such a way that it engages in a Switzerland-Fel d profile of the gun barrel, which serves in particular to impart a twist to the deformation projectile as it slides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.
- the projectile nose can have a nose wall delimiting the cavity, which has an ogive-shaped contour at least in sections on its outside.
- a phasing section may be located at the tail end of the bullet tail to facilitate insertion of the hollow point bullet into a neck of a cartridge case and/or to form a particularly aerodynamic tail end (commonly referred to as a "boat-tail").
- the nose of the projectile in particular its ogive section, can have an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall.
- the ogive cavity allows the bullet to undergo compression deformation upon impact with a target or other resistance.
- the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy.
- the projectile tip is preferably deformed relative to the rear section, which is in particular cylindrical, essentially only in the axial and radial directions.
- the ogive cavity is preferably empty, i.e. filled only with ambient air.
- An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed without steps and/or without interruptions in the circumferential direction and/or has exclusively rounded edges.
- An ogive outer side defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed without steps in the circumferential direction and/or has a constant wall thickness circumferentially, in particular over the entire circumference.
- the deformation bullet can, for example, be manufactured without machining.
- the deformation projectile can also have an intermediate production state, in which the projectile is present as an intermediate, in which the jacket wall forming the projectile nose on the finished projectile extends essentially constantly in a straight line, in particular having a constant inside and/or outside diameter.
- a length of the cavity measured in the longitudinal direction of the projectile is at most 50% of the bullet length.
- the inventors of the present invention have identified that because of the lower density of iron, particularly steel, compared to the previously used materials for bullets, which included large proportions of lead, it is necessary to recover solid material.
- the axial limitation of the extent of the cavity results in a larger, more solid part of the projectile, that is to say one consisting of solid material.
- the cavity length is at most 45%, in particular at most 40%, of the projectile length. Due to the short cavity length, the projectile can also be manufactured particularly cheaply and easily, since large cavity depths, in particular compression depths, can be omitted.
- a deformation projectile in particular a hollow point projectile, is provided, for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm.
- the deformation projectile can be designed according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the deformation projectile comprises an in particular ogive-shaped projectile nose with a central cavity and can also have a projectile tail, which can be made essentially from solid material and/or can be configured as a solid cylinder at least in sections.
- the maximum outer diameter, which determines the caliber of the bullet can be present in the area of the bullet tail.
- the tail of the projectile can have, for example, the guide band, which is in particular at least partially cylindrical, for guiding the deformation projectile in the gun barrel.
- the guide band can be designed, for example, in such a way that it engages in a train-field profile of the gun barrel, which serves in particular to impart a twist to the deformation projectile as it slides along within the gun barrel in order to stabilize the projectile trajectory.
- the projectile bow can a den Having a cavity-limiting front wall, which at least partially has an ogive-shaped contour on its outside.
- a phasing section may be located at the tail end of the bullet tail to facilitate insertion of the hollow point bullet into a neck of a cartridge case and/or to form a particularly aerodynamic tail end (commonly referred to as a "boat-tail").
- the nose of the projectile in particular its ogive section, can have an ogive wall and a rotationally symmetrical ogive cavity which is peripherally delimited by the ogive wall.
- the ogive cavity allows the bullet to undergo compression deformation upon impact with a target or other resistance.
- the projectile according to the invention is compressed, its kinetic energy is quickly converted into deformation energy.
- the projectile tip is preferably deformed relative to the rear section, which is in particular cylindrical, essentially only in the axial and radial directions.
- the ogive cavity is preferably empty, i.e. filled only with ambient air.
- An inner contour encompassing the ogive cavity, which is defined by the ogive wall, is preferably formed without steps and/or without interruptions in the circumferential direction and/or has exclusively rounded edges.
- An ogive outer side defined by the ogive wall is preferably formed without steps in the circumferential direction and/or has a constant wall thickness circumferentially, in particular over the entire circumference.
- the deformation bullet can, for example, be manufactured without machining.
- the deformation projectile can also have an intermediate production state, in which the projectile is present as an intermediate, in which the jacket wall forming the projectile nose on the finished projectile extends essentially constantly in a straight line, in particular having a constant inside and/or outside diameter.
- the wall thickness of a front wall delimiting the cavity at the tip of the projectile is in the range from 0.1 mm to 2 mm, in particular in the range from 0.2 mm to 1.5 mm.
- the wall thickness at the bullet tip must not be less than 0.5 mm. It was recognized here that the wall thickness at the tip of the bullet should be as thin as possible, but as thick as necessary.
- the stressed areas represent the optimum in terms of manufacturability, target ballistics (deformation behavior) and stability of the bullet. The smaller the front wall thickness, especially at the bullet tip, the nose wall, the less deformation energy is necessary to achieve a fast, particularly responsive, and/or to achieve reliable expansion of the deformation bullet.
- the projectile tip is formed by a circumferential, in particular flat or tapering, ring, in particular with a flat annular surface, the wall thickness or radial dimension of which is less than 2 mm, in particular less than 1.5 mm, in particular less than 1 mm than 0.5 mm or even smaller than 0.2 mm.
- the cavity is open in the direction of the front, in particular not covered with a filling component.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the same deformation behavior can be achieved by means of the measures according to the invention, even if no filling or squeezing component is accommodated in the front, central cavity, which has hitherto supported the deformation or the radial expansion behavior of the projectile in the prior art would have.
- the manufacturing step of axially inserting or pressing the filling component with the projectile wall is thus completely eliminated. In this respect, costs can be saved. Furthermore, fewer components are required, which in turn results in cost potential.
- an outer diameter of a front wall which peripherally delimits the cavity increases, in particular continuously, starting from the tip of the projectile in the direction of the rear of the projectile.
- the outer diameter of the nose wall at the axial height of the cavity base is smaller than the caliber of the projectile, which can be determined, for example, by the guide band.
- the central cavity has a point-symmetrical cross-section that deviates from a circular shape and is essentially constant in the longitudinal direction of the projectile. It has been found that the deformation behavior of the projectiles according to the invention can be adjusted or determined via the interior geometry of the cavity.
- the cavity can have a polygonal, torx-like or other point-symmetrical shape.
- the outer contour of the cavity cross section can be formed by a sequence of projections and depressions, in particular by a tooth-hub structure.
- the cavity is massively formed using a stamp, in particular a press stamp, whose outer geometry defines the inner geometry of the cavity. In other words, the inner cross-section of the cavity is pressed into the bullet.
- a front wall delimiting the cavity has on its outside at least one weakened section oriented in the circumferential direction, in particular a completely circumferential weakened section.
- at least 2, 3 or 4 weakened sections are provided at a constant distance from one another on the outside of the front wall and/or are incorporated therein.
- the weakened section can be introduced, for example, by forming or by machining.
- the manufacture of the weakened section is the only machining step in the manufacture of the bullets. It has been found that the desired expansion effect of deformation can be reliably achieved by introducing weakened sections.
- the weakened section forms a predetermined buckling point, so that when the projectile hits a target, the front wall bends radially outwards at the predetermined buckling point.
- the predetermined buckling point reacts particularly quickly, ie responds quickly, to the deformation energy that results when the projectile hits a target. This accelerates the increase in diameter of the bullet and thus the mushrooming behavior.
- the weakened section is implemented as a notch.
- a notch depth is at most 60% of a wall thickness of the front wall, in particular the front wall at the axial height of the notch depth.
- the weakened section, in particular the predetermined buckling point or the notch, are designed and dimensioned in such a way that the projectile cannot be torn off or disintegrated in the area of the weakened section.
- a front wall delimiting the cavity has on its inside at least one edge oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile, in particular extending along the entire length of the cavity.
- the edge can be realized by reducing the wall thickness at which the wall thickness of the front wall changes suddenly. It was found that the deformation behavior of the projectiles when they hit a target can also be adjusted via internal edges oriented in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.
- the nose wall comprises a plurality of edges arranged at a particularly uniform distance from one another in the circumferential direction.
- the edges can be of the same shape.
- the edges result in a polygonal cross-sectional inner geometry of the cavity.
- the metal or iron projectile body is subjected to a heat treatment process, in particular an annealing step.
- a heat treatment process in particular an annealing step.
- the temperature can be above 600° C., in particular 650° C., and/or the heat treatment process can be carried out for a period of several hours, approximately 4.5 hours.
- the Heat treatment process, in particular heat post-treatment step the deformation behavior of the projectile can be changed or adjusted.
- the influence of the heat treatment process on the setting of the deformation behavior can be influenced by the parameter temperature or duration.
- the production does not require a heat treatment process.
- the bullet for example the nose of the bullet, is not annealed.
- the projectile is made of iron, in particular soft iron, for example steel.
- a carbon content can, for example, be more than 0.05% and/or at most 1.14% or 0.12%.
- the central cavity of the projectile is produced by solid forming, in particular by cold forming, such as deep drawing or extrusion.
- the entire projectile is produced by means of solid forming, in particular by cold forming such as deep drawing or extrusion.
- a filling component in particular made of plastic, is introduced, in particular pressed, into the cavity.
- the filling component can form the projectile tip in the assembled state.
- the filling component can be dimensioned and/or arranged in the cavity in such a way that it does not protrude from the cavity when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.
- the filling component can also be dimensioned and/or housed in such a way that it protrudes axially from the cavity and, upon impact with a target, comes into contact with the target first.
- the filling component can have a rotationally symmetrical shape, such as a sphere, cone or truncated cone shape.
- the filling component can also have a plug-like shape.
- a Deformation projectile in particular a hollow point projectile, provided for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a maximum caliber of 13 mm.
- the deformation projectile can be designed according to one of the aspects described above or exemplary embodiments.
- the deformation projectile comprises a projectile body with a jacket delimiting a central cavity open to the surroundings.
- the projectile body can have an in particular ogive-shaped projectile nose, in which the cavity is arranged, and a projectile tail, which can be produced essentially from solid material and/or can be designed as a solid cylinder at least in sections.
- the deformation projectile in particular the cavity, is produced by forging, in particular cold-forming, in such a way that when the deformation projectile impacts a target, the nose jacket is deformed in such a way that it bends by less than 90°, in particular less than 60°, in particular flared less than 45 ° , or less than 30°, with respect to the longitudinal axis of the bullet.
- the target can be a standard target, which can be, for example, a particularly unveiled gelatinous mass.
- the deformation projectile can be fired at the target under idealized test conditions in order to be able to inspect the deformed projectile which has struck and been caught in the gelatinous mass.
- the wound ballistics or terminal ballistics of deformation bullets are largely determined by the so-called cross-sectional loading, which results from the ratio of the mass of the bullet and its cross-sectional area.
- cross-sectional loading results from the ratio of the mass of the bullet and its cross-sectional area.
- the cross-sectional loading in the terminal ballistics is determined by the increase in diameter of the projectile resulting from the expanding or mushrooming deformation, particularly in its front or nose area.
- the conflict of interests of cross-sectional loading or desired (mushrooming) deformation behavior and predetermined penetration depth cannot be resolved satisfactorily.
- the present invention resolves this severe mushrooming deformation.
- the deformed bullet resembles a trumpet shape in the front area.
- the projectile according to the invention is characterized by a low penetration depth in the front area when the projectile hits a target, despite the small increase in diameter compared to the prior art.
- This effect is related in particular to a texturing of the metal body as a result of the massive forming process, which results in a direction-dependent texturing, in particular in the ogive jacket, which leads to the identified trumpet-shaped deformation.
- the texturing of the metal is such that the strength in the area of the ogive jacket is increased transversely to the longitudinal direction of the bullet, in particular compared to the strength in the longitudinal direction. Due to the increased strength transversely to the direction of longitudinal extent, when the projectile hits a target, there is less pronounced radial outward deformation, as a result of which the mushrooming is weakened.
- Another reason for the reduced penetration depth is related to the front cavity of the projectile, which is open to the environment and in which air or air bubbles remain when the projectile penetrates the target, which increases the braking effect in the sense of the «cavitation bubble theory».
- a method for producing a deformation projectile according to the invention in particular a hollow point projectile, for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a caliber of at most 13 mm, is provided.
- a tool for producing a deformation bullet according to the invention, in particular a hollow point bullet, for example for police and/or authority ammunition, in particular with a maximum caliber of 13 mm.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of a manufacturing step for manufacturing a bullet according to the invention
- FIG. 2 - 4 schematic sectional views of Fig. 1;
- FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of a deformed projectile according to the invention.
- deformation projectiles shown in the figures are designed as hollow point projectiles and are used for police and/or authority ammunition.
- the projectiles are made of metal, preferably iron.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a manufacturing step, namely a solid forming step, in the manufacture of projectiles according to the invention, which are generally identified by the reference numeral 1.
- a manufacturing step namely a solid forming step
- FIGS. 2 to 4 and 1 one possibility is shown of producing bullet internal geometries of any desired cross-sectional shape in a manner that is particularly simple in terms of production technology. This is achieved in that by means of a punch tool 3, which is axial to form a central, front-side cavity 5 is pressed into an intermediate forming the projectile l or a blank, the final cavity geometry or its cross section can be generated.
- FIGS. 1 and the cavity are point-symmetrical in cross-section, with a circular cross-sectional shape resulting according to FIG. 4 and polygonal cross-sectional shapes in FIGS.
- the cavity cross-section 5 is essentially constant when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the projectile.
- the polygonal interior geometry of the cavity there are axial edges 7 which are formed along the entire longitudinal extension of the cavity 5 on an inside of a front wall 9 surrounding the cavity 5 .
- a general advantage of the present invention consists in the fact that the projectile geometry can be adapted very flexibly during solid forming. In particular, any inner geometries can be produced in a simple manner by only having to adapt the outer shape or contour of the elongated, essentially cylindrical.
- FIGS. 5 to 9 show a stage plan for manufacturing a projectile 1 according to the invention.
- a blank 11 made of metal, preferably iron, is provided (FIG. 5), which is obtained by cutting off endless raw material such as a wire or tube.
- the blank 11 consists of a particularly homogeneous material and is constructed in one piece, particularly from solid material.
- the blank 11 is cold-formed by setting to form a seedling 13, for example by pressing (FIG. 6).
- FIGS. 5 and 6 when the intermediate product is set, the length thereof expands, with the outer diameter remaining essentially constant.
- the increase in length results from the central indentation 15 introduced during setting on an end face 17 of the seedling 13, which causes a material displacement that manifests itself in a length expansion.
- a centering depression 21 is located opposite the depression 15, that is to say on the opposite end face 23.
- the setting can be carried out using a punch and die arrangement (Not shown) take place, the outer geometry of the stamp determining the inner geometry 15 of the indentation.
- a jacket wall 25 surrounding the recess 15 is further formed in the following steps to form the future projectile nose 27 .
- the seedling 13 is pre-pressed to form a pre-press 29 (FIG. 7).
- the seedling 13 is reshaped to form the preform 29 in the area of the casing wall 25, so that the final cavity geometry of the front cavity 31 of the projectile 1 is obtained.
- the ring-cylindrical jacket wall 25 is formed into a front wall 33 that tapers at least in sections in an ogive shape. Due to the nose wall 33 tapering in the direction of the bullet tip 35, i.e. decreasing in terms of wall thickness, the longitudinal dimension of the bullet or the longitudinal dimension of the section that later forms the bullet nose 27 is extended compared to the jacket wall 25.
- the pre-press 29 is then further cold-formed to form a cylinder part 37 shown in FIG.
- the cylinder part 37 is compressed in the axial direction, with the interior geometry 31 of the cavity being retained. Due to the axial compression of the pre-pressed part 29, the diameter of the cylinder part 37 increases.
- the cylinder part 37 has a cylinder section 41, which consists essentially of solid material, is fully cylindrical and is arranged in the area of the future projectile rear end 39, which is formed over a large part of the cylinder part’s longitudinal extent up to the ogive-like taper of the nose jacket 33.
- the nose of the bullet 27 remains essentially unchanged.
- the tail 39 can be further processed by cold working steps.
- a chamfer 43 which is circumferential, can be introduced at the rear (FIG. 9).
- the final floor 1 has a rear, essentially flat floor 45, in the center of which the centering depression 21 is located. It is also possible that the rear of the bullet is largely no longer fully cylindrical, but largely deviates from a cylindrical shape and only partially, in particular in an area that defines the guide band, which defines the caliber, is cylindrical. In addition, for example, the outer diameter of the rear of the bullet can be reduced slightly starting from the guide band in the direction of the bullet base 45 .
- the cavity 31 can, for example, have a cavity base 47 which is flat, at least in sections, viewed transversely to the longitudinal extent of the projectile 1 and which can also be concave in shape.
- the concave or flat cavity base area 47 opens into an outer cavity base area 49 with greater curvature or inclination relative to the longitudinal axis of the projectile compared to the cavity base section 47.
- the outer cavity base section 49 merges at a transition 51 into a cavity side wall 53, which is oriented essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the projectile.
- the cavity side wall 53 thus delimits an essentially hollow-cylindrical cavity section on the front side, which can have a longitudinal extent in the range of 10% to 50% of the longitudinal dimension of the projectile.
- the constant inner diameter of the cavity sidewall 53 may be present over at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, or at least 90% of a total length of the cavity 31 .
- the front wall 33 can, for example, in the area of the front opening 35 have a wall thickness in the range of 10% - 50% of the wall thickness in the front wall 33 at the axial height of the cavity base in the area of the transition 51 between the cavity and the side wall 53 and the outer cavity base section 49.
- the wall thickness a in Figure 9 indicates the wall thickness in the area of the front opening 35 and the reference symbol b indicates the wall thickness in the area of the transition 51 of the front wall 33.
- FIG. 10 A schematic representation of a projectile 1 deformed in accordance with the present invention is shown in Figure 10 and is generally designated by the reference numeral 55 .
- the deformed projectile 55 differs from the prior art projectiles in particular by a reduced mushrooming effect upon impact with a target.
- the front deformed section 57 of the front wall 33 forming the ogive jacket is widened or mushroomed by significantly less than 90° in relation to the longitudinal axis L of the projectile, resulting in a trumpet-shaped shape in the front area.
- the trumpet-shaped deformation section 57 of the ogive mantle 33 has substantially the same cross section and deformation in the circumferential direction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021104760.9A DE102021104760A1 (de) | 2021-02-26 | 2021-02-26 | Deformationsgeschoss für Polizei- und Behördenmunition |
| PCT/EP2022/054874 WO2022180245A1 (de) | 2021-02-26 | 2022-02-25 | Deformationsgeschoss für polizei- und behördenmunition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4298397A1 true EP4298397A1 (de) | 2024-01-03 |
Family
ID=80786375
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22708143.7A Pending EP4298397A1 (de) | 2021-02-26 | 2022-02-25 | Deformationsgeschoss für polizei- und behördenmunition |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12467728B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4298397A1 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20230149841A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116997766A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU2022227940A1 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA3209935A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021104760A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022180245A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022113108A1 (de) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-11-30 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Werkzeug und Verfahren zum Fertigen eines Projektils sowie Projektil |
Family Cites Families (19)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US219840A (en) * | 1879-09-23 | Improvement in methods of manufacturing bullets | ||
| GB1590600A (en) * | 1976-10-30 | 1981-06-03 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Bullet |
| US5127332A (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1992-07-07 | Olin Corporation | Hunting bullet with reduced environmental lead exposure |
| SE470389B (sv) | 1992-06-25 | 1994-02-07 | Bo Jakobsson | Gevärskula |
| DE9311349U1 (de) | 1993-07-30 | 1993-09-30 | Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH, 56377 Nassau | Geschoß für Handfeuerwaffen |
| FR2795170B1 (fr) | 1999-06-18 | 2002-06-28 | Jean Claude Sauvestre | Balle a fleche interne portee |
| DE10010500A1 (de) * | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | Schadstoffreduziertes Deformationsgeschoß,vorzugsweise für Faustfeuerwaffen |
| FI112701B (fi) * | 2002-04-15 | 2003-12-31 | Nammo Lapua Oy | Menetelmä luodin laajentamiseksi ja luoti |
| EP1502074B1 (de) * | 2002-04-30 | 2009-11-18 | RUAG Ammotec GmbH | Teilzerlegungs- und deformationsgeschosse mit identischer treffpunktlage und verfahren zur herstellung eines solchen geschosses |
| CZ20021869A3 (cs) * | 2002-05-30 | 2004-01-14 | Vlastimil Libra | Průbojná podkaliberní střela |
| CN1914479A (zh) | 2004-02-06 | 2007-02-14 | 卡图休斯巴西公司 | 无铅整体膨胀射弹以及制造方法 |
| BE1017170A3 (fr) | 2006-06-16 | 2008-03-04 | Ct Rech Metallurgiques Asbl | Projectile en acier adouci a coeur. |
| DE102011005389B3 (de) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-03-01 | Metallwerk Elisenhütte GmbH | Geschoss für Übungspatronen |
| US9121677B2 (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-09-01 | Hornady Manufacturing Company | Bullet with controlled fragmentation |
| US10107605B2 (en) | 2016-01-15 | 2018-10-23 | Continuous Metal Technology, Inc. | Non-jacketed bullet and method of manufacturing a non-jacketed bullet |
| US10260850B2 (en) * | 2016-03-18 | 2019-04-16 | Environ-Metal, Inc. | Frangible firearm projectiles, methods for forming the same, and firearm cartridges containing the same |
| US10663271B2 (en) | 2016-10-13 | 2020-05-26 | G2 Research Inc. | Predictably fragmenting projectiles having internally-arranged geometric features |
| DE102017011359A1 (de) | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-13 | Ruag Ammotec Gmbh | Intermediat zum Fertigen von Projektilen eines Deformationsgeschosses, Projektil, deformiertes Projektil, Werkzeug zum Fertigen des Intermediats und Verfahren zum Herstellen des Intermediats |
| DE102019135875A1 (de) | 2019-12-30 | 2021-07-01 | Ruag Ammotec Ag | Vollgeschoss, Intermediat zum Fertigen eines Vollgeschosses und Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Vollgeschosses |
-
2021
- 2021-02-26 DE DE102021104760.9A patent/DE102021104760A1/de active Pending
-
2022
- 2022-02-25 CA CA3209935A patent/CA3209935A1/en active Pending
- 2022-02-25 CN CN202280022550.6A patent/CN116997766A/zh active Pending
- 2022-02-25 WO PCT/EP2022/054874 patent/WO2022180245A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-02-25 US US18/547,823 patent/US12467728B2/en active Active
- 2022-02-25 EP EP22708143.7A patent/EP4298397A1/de active Pending
- 2022-02-25 AU AU2022227940A patent/AU2022227940A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2022-02-25 KR KR1020237033208A patent/KR20230149841A/ko active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021104760A1 (de) | 2022-09-01 |
| CN116997766A (zh) | 2023-11-03 |
| AU2022227940A1 (en) | 2023-09-14 |
| US20240142206A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
| CA3209935A1 (en) | 2022-09-01 |
| WO2022180245A1 (de) | 2022-09-01 |
| KR20230149841A (ko) | 2023-10-27 |
| US12467728B2 (en) | 2025-11-11 |
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