EP4290229A1 - Analyseverfahren - Google Patents
Analyseverfahren Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP4290229A1 EP4290229A1 EP21924802.8A EP21924802A EP4290229A1 EP 4290229 A1 EP4290229 A1 EP 4290229A1 EP 21924802 A EP21924802 A EP 21924802A EP 4290229 A1 EP4290229 A1 EP 4290229A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- eluate
- analyte
- humidity
- analysis method
- carrier
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6848—Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
- G01N33/6851—Methods of protein analysis involving laser desorption ionisation mass spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6803—General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
- G01N33/6848—Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
- G01N33/6893—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids related to diseases not provided for elsewhere
- G01N33/6896—Neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's disease
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
- G01N2333/435—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans
- G01N2333/46—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from animals; from humans from vertebrates
- G01N2333/47—Assays involving proteins of known structure or function as defined in the subgroups
- G01N2333/4701—Details
- G01N2333/4709—Amyloid plaque core protein
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an analysis method.
- Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2 AB-related peptides such as amyloid ⁇ (A ⁇ ) generated by cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) are deeply involved. Then, it has been reported that a plurality of AB-related peptides in blood are detected by combining immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry, and the detected specific AB-related peptide ratio is promising as a blood biomarker of amyloid accumulation in the brain (Non-Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 2).
- a ⁇ amyloid ⁇
- APP amyloid precursor protein
- a method for measuring an AB-related peptide in a blood sample for example, a method including a step of binding an antibody-immobilizing carrier to a peptide in the sample, a step of washing these conjugates, a step of dissociating the peptide from the antibody-immobilizing carrier using an organic solvent-containing acidic aqueous solution, and a step of detecting the dissociated peptide by mass spectrometry is disclosed (Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- a peptide can be detected even when a small amount of the peptide is present in the sample.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Kaneko N, Nakamura A, Washimi Y, Kato T, Sakurai T, Arahata Y, Bundo M, Takeda A, Niida S, Ito K, Toba K, Tanaka K, Yanagisawa K.: Novel plasma biomarker surrogating cerebral amyloid deposition. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2014; 90(9): 353-364 .
- Non-Patent Document 2 Nakamura A, Kaneko N, Villemagne VL, Kato T, Doecke J, Dore V, Fowler C, Li QX, Martins R, Rowe C, Tomita T, Matsuzaki K, Ishii K, Ishii K, Arahata Y, Iwamoto S, Ito K, Tanaka K, Masters CL, Yanagisawa K.: High performance plasma amyloid-B biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Nature. 2018; 554(7691): 249-254 .
- an analyte can be detected with high sensitivity and high accuracy.
- an analysis method of the first aspect of the present invention an analysis method when a polypeptide is adopted as an analyte, a biological sample is adopted as a sample, and MALDI (Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization) is adopted as mass spectrometry is described.
- MALDI Microx Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization
- polypeptide to be analyzed and measured of the first aspect also includes “peptide” and "protein”.
- Polypeptides include various ones, and specifically include AB-related peptides.
- the AB-related peptide is AB generated by cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and a peptide containing even a part of the sequence of A ⁇ . In particular, it is shown in the examples and also disclosed in WO 2015/178398 A .
- humidity is measured. Specifically, humidity in an analysis space (chamber) in which the second elution step and the disposition step described later are performed is measured. Generally, these are performed in the same space, but when they are different, humidity in each space is measured, and the average humidity obtained by proportionally dividing the time from immediately after the start of the second elution step until the eluate is disposed on the measurement plate may be used.
- the biological sample is brought into contact with a first carrier (an example of the "carrier” of the present invention).
- a first carrier an example of the "carrier” of the present invention.
- the biological sample is mixed with the first carrier.
- the polypeptide is bound to the first carrier to obtain a first conjugate.
- the biological sample is usually brought into contact with the first carrier in a state of being mixed with the binding solution.
- the surfactant is preferably a neutral surfactant from the viewpoint of suppression of protein denaturation, ease of removal, and the like.
- the neutral surfactant include surfactants having maltose in the hydrophilic moiety, such as n-decyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DM), n-dodecyl- ⁇ -D-maltoside (DDM), and n-nonyl- ⁇ -D-thiomaltoside (NTM); surfactants having trehalose in the hydrophilic moiety, such as ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside monooctanoate (trehalose C8), ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside monododecanoate (trehalose C12), and ⁇ -D-glucopyranosyl ⁇ -D-glucopyranoside monomyristate (trehalose C14); surfactants having glucose in the hydrophilic
- the surfactant concentration in the binding solution is, for example, 0.001% (w/v) or more, preferably 0.05% (w/v) or more, and is, for example, 10% (w/v) or less, and preferably 2% (w/v) or less.
- the antibody immobilized on the first carrier may have an antigen binding site capable of recognizing a polypeptide, and examples thereof include immunoglobulins or fragments thereof having an antigen binding site capable of recognizing a polypeptide.
- the shape of the first carrier may be any shape such as a spherical shape (including a bead shape), a plate shape, a needle shape, and an irregular shape, and may be a flow path wall in a microdevice or the like.
- the first conjugate is washed using a washing liquid.
- washing As a washing method, a known method may be adopted, and washing is preferably performed a plurality of times. For example, washing is performed using a neutral buffer containing a surfactant, followed by washing using a neutral buffer not containing a surfactant.
- neutral buffer containing a surfactant those similar to the surfactant and neutral buffer exemplified in the binding solution can be used.
- unnecessary components such as blood proteins, lipids, and glycolipids having high hydrophobicity can be effectively removed.
- washing method a general method may be adopted, and examples thereof include a method of stirring a carrier in a washing liquid, a method of spraying a washing liquid from a washing nozzle, and the like.
- washing with water may be further performed as necessary.
- the first conjugate is brought into contact with the first eluate.
- the polypeptide is dissociated from the first conjugate, and the polypeptide is eluted into the first eluate.
- the surfactant examples include the same surfactants as those exemplified in the binding solution.
- the surfactant concentration in the first eluate is, for example, 0.001% (w/v) or more, preferably 0.05% (w/v) or more, and is, for example, 10% (w/v) or less, and preferably 2% (w/v) or less.
- the first eluate is mixed with a neutral buffer.
- the first eluate is mixed with a neutral buffer containing a surfactant.
- the pH of the purified solution is, for example, pH of 6.0 or more, and preferably 6.5 or more, and is, for example, 8.5 or less, and preferably 8.0 or less. Accordingly, in the second binding step, the bonding efficiency can be improved.
- the second carrier is preferably an antibody-immobilizing carrier, and specific examples thereof include the same antibody-immobilizing carriers as exemplified for the first carrier.
- the second eluate is a liquid for eluting the polypeptide, and for example, an acidic aqueous solution such as a glycine buffer or hydrochloric acid is used.
- the pH of the second elution solution is, for example, 1.0 or more and 3.5 or less.
- Examples of such a volatile organic solvent include an organic solvent miscible with water at an arbitrary ratio, and include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, acetone, toluene, isopropanol, hexane, butanol, cyclohexane, ethylene glycol, benzene, chloroform, acetaldehyde, triethylamine, phenol, naphthalene, formaldehyde, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, and the like, and preferably include acetonitrile, methanol, ethanol, acetone, isopropanol, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the use amount of the second eluate to be brought into contact with the second conjugate is determined according to the humidity. That is, the use amount of the eluate when the humidity is low is determined so as to be larger than the use amount of the eluate when the humidity is high.
- the use amount (first use amount) of the second eluate under a first environment (first humidity) is determined. That is, the humidity (first humidity) is measured under the first environment. Then, at the first humidity, the second eluate is determined without excess or deficiency so that the desired number of samples (desired number of wells) and a desired amount of samples can be disposed on the MALDI plate. At this time, the amount of the second eluate is reduced as much as possible in order to increase the polypeptide concentration. If necessary, a dead amount remaining in the test tube or the tube and a volatile content of the volatile organic solvent are also added.
- the humidity is measured under the second environment (second humidity), and the use amount (second use amount) of the second eluate is determined based on the first use amount at the first humidity according to the humidity. That is, the humidity (second humidity) is measured under the second environment. Then, when the second humidity is lower than the first humidity, the second use amount is determined to be larger than the first use amount. On the other hand, when the second humidity is higher than the first humidity, the second use amount is determined to be smaller than the first use amount.
- the calculation method for determining the second use amount is appropriately determined according to the organic solvent type, the humidity, and the disposition time.
- the ratio between the first use amount and the second use amount may be, for example, 1.1 or more (for example, 1.5 or less).
- the second use amount may be about 9 ⁇ L.
- the temperature conditions in the first environment and the second environment are not limited, and may be the same or different, but are preferably substantially the same temperature, specifically, the temperature difference between the first environment and the second environment is 10 degrees or less.
- the determination of the use amount in the second elution step is particularly effective when, in the analysis step, a desired time, for example, 3 minutes or more, preferably 5 minutes or more, and for example, 60 minutes or less, preferably 30 minutes or less is required from the start of the second elution step to the completion of the disposition step. It is also effective when the concentration of the volatile organic solvent in the second eluate is high, for example, 10% (v/v) or more, and preferably 55% (v/v)% or more.
- the first aspect of the present invention has been made based on the following knowledge, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following knowledge.
- the second eluate into which the polypeptide has been eluted is measured by MALDI described later, and the polypeptide is detected.
- the amount of the eluate to be subjected to MALDI is smaller, that is, as the concentration of the polypeptide is higher, the detection result is obtained with higher sensitivity, and thus it is preferable that the amount of the eluate is small.
- the number of samples analyzed by MALDI (the number of wells used) is preferably plural or more. Therefore, the use amount of the second eluate contributes to the sensitivity and accuracy of the analysis.
- the polypeptide is eluted in a low amount of the second eluate at a high concentration, disposed in a plurality of wells (desired number of samples), and MALDI measurement is performed a plurality of times, for example, when measurement is performed a plurality of times over different dates and times, results of the number of samples smaller than the desired number of samples are obtained, and the accuracy may be deteriorated.
- the present inventor has focused on the measurement environment, and have found that when the measurement environment is low humidity, the volatile organic solvent of the second eluate volatilizes before the analyte starts to be eluted into the second eluate and is to be disposed on the measurement plate for MALDI apparatus, so that the liquid amount of the second eluate is insufficient, and the second eluate cannot be disposed on the MALDI plate.
- the polypeptide was eluted into the eluate at a high concentration, and shortage of the liquid amount (as a result, the number of samples) of the second eluate disposed on the MADLI plate was prevented.
- MALDI analysis could be performed using a high concentration and a desired number of samples, and high sensitivity and high accuracy analysis were enabled.
- the second eluate is disposed on the measurement plate. Specifically, the second eluate into which the polypeptide has been eluted is distributed to each well of a MALDI plate for MALDI apparatus.
- the number of wells (the number of measurement samples) in which the second eluate is distributed to the MALDI plate is preferably plural or more, specifically 2 wells or more, and preferably 4 wells or more, and for example, 50 wells or less, preferably 20 wells or less, and more preferably 10 wells or less.
- the number of measurement samples increases, and the detection accuracy can be improved.
- the amount of the second eluate disposed in each well is, for example, 0.2 ⁇ L or more, and preferably 0.5 ⁇ L or more, and is, for example, 4 ⁇ L or less, and preferably 2 ⁇ L or less.
- the amount per well unit is the above lower limit or more, the substance to be analyzed can be reliably detected.
- the amount per well unit is the above upper limit or less, the number of samples of the analyte to be subjected to measurement can be increased.
- This operation may be performed using an automatic dispensing device, or manually using a pipette or the like.
- a matrix may be disposed on the MALDI plate in advance before disposing the second eluate. Conversely, after the second eluate is disposed on the MALDI plate, the matrix may be disposed on the second solution. The matrix will be described later in the analysis step.
- the polypeptide contained in the second eluate is detected by MALDI.
- MALDI-TOF Microx-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight
- MALDI-IT Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Ion Trap
- MALDI-IT-TOF Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Ion Trap-Time of Flight
- MALDI-FTICR Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance
- the matrix is disposed, for example, by dropping a matrix-containing solution into the MALDI plate and drying the solution.
- Examples of the matrix include ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, sinapinic acid, 3-aminoquinoline, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- CHCA ⁇ -cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid
- 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid
- sinapinic acid 3-aminoquinoline, and the like.
- solvent contained in the matrix examples include acetonitrile, trifluoroacetic acid, methanol, ethanol, water, and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the matrix concentration in the matrix-containing solvent is, for example, 0.1 mg/mL or more, and preferably 0.5 mg/mL or more, and is, for example, 50 mg/mL or less, and preferably 10 mg/mL or less.
- the matrix additive concentration in the matrix-containing solvent is, for example, 0.01% (w/v) or more, and preferably 0.1% (w/v) or more, and is, for example, 10% (w/v) or less, and preferably 1% (w/v) or less.
- An analysis method may include a humidity measurement step of measuring humidity; a binding step of bringing a sample containing an analyte into contact with a carrier to bind the analyte to the carrier; an elution step of bringing the carrier to which the analyte is bound into contact with an eluate containing a volatile organic solvent to elute the analyte into the eluate; a disposition step of disposing the eluate into which the analyte has been eluted on a measurement plate for mass spectrometry; and a detection step of detecting the analyte by mass spectrometry, and in the elution step, a use amount of the eluate may be determined according to the humidity.
- the analyte can be analyzed with high sensitivity and high accuracy by mass spectrometry even under different environments.
- the use amount of the eluate when the humidity is low may be determined so as to be larger than the use amount of the eluate when the humidity is high.
- the eluate may be disposed in a plurality of wells of the measurement plate.
- the substance to be measured can be efficiently eluted into the eluate, and the recovery rate of the substance to be measured subjected to mass spectrometry can be improved. As a result, the sensitivity of mass spectrometry can be improved.
- a concentration of the volatile organic solvent in the eluate may be 10% (v/v) or more.
- the substance to be measured can be eluted into the eluate more efficiently, and the recovery rate of the substance to be measured subjected to mass spectrometry can be more reliably improved. As a result, the sensitivity of mass spectrometry can be more reliably improved.
- the mass spectrometry may be matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.
- the antibody immobilized on the antibody-immobilizing carrier may be an anti-AB-related peptide antibody, and the analyte may be an AB-related peptide.
- Clone 6E10 (Covance corporation) of an anti-AB antibody (IgG) having 3-8 residues of amyloid ⁇ protein (AB) as an epitope was prepared. About 3.3 ⁇ 10 8 magnetic beads (Dynabeads M-270 Epoxy) with respect to 100 ⁇ g of an anti-AB antibody (IgG) were reacted in an immobilization buffer (a 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 1.3 M ammonium sulfate; pH 7.4) at 37°C for 16 to 24 hours. Thus, antibody beads as an antibody-immobilizing carrier were prepared.
- an immobilization buffer a 0.1 M phosphate buffer containing 1.3 M ammonium sulfate; pH 7.4
- the humidity in the room was measured and found to be 58.0%.
- the temperature was 23.1°C.
- the analyte was AB-related peptide, and human plasma was prepared. 250 ⁇ L of human plasma was mixed with 250 ⁇ L of a neutral buffer (0.2% (w/v) DDM, 0.2% (w/v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl; pH 7.4) containing 11 pM of stable isotope labeled A61-38 (SIL-A61-38), and the mixture was allowed to stand on ice for 5 to 60 minutes. The human plasma was mixed with antibody beads and shaken at 4°C for 1 hour. SIL-AB1-38 was used as an internal standard for standardizing the signal intensity of the mass spectrum.
- a neutral buffer (0.2% (w/v) DDM, 0.2% (w/v) NTM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 100 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl; pH 7.4
- SIL-A61-38 stable isotope labeled A61
- the antibody beads were washed once with 100 ⁇ L of a washing buffer (0.1% (w/v) DDM, 0.1% (w/v) NTM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.4) and washed once with 50 ⁇ L of a 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer.
- the antibody beads were then added to a first eluate (50 mM glycine buffer with 0.1% (w/v) DDM; pH 2.8) to elute the AB-related peptide into the first eluate.
- the first eluate containing the AB-related peptide was mixed with a neutral buffer (0.2% (w/v) DDM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 300 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl; pH 7.4) to obtain a purified solution.
- a neutral buffer (0.2% (w/v) DDM, 800 mM GlcNAc, 300 mM Tris-HCl, 300 mM NaCl; pH 7.4
- the purified solution was mixed with antibody beads and shaken at 4°C for 1 hour. Thereafter, the antibody beads were washed twice with 50 ⁇ L of a washing buffer (0.1% (w/v) DDM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.4), washed once with 50 ⁇ L of a 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer, and washed once with 30 ⁇ L of water. Thereafter, the antibody beads were brought into contact with 8 ⁇ L of a second eluate (70% (v/v) acetonitrile in water with 5 mM HCl and 0.1 mM methionine; pH 2.3) to elute the AB-related peptide into the second eluate.
- a washing buffer (0.1% (w/v) DDM, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 150 mM NaCl; pH 7.4
- washed once with 50 ⁇ L of a 50 mM ammonium acetate buffer washe
- a MALDI-TOF MS apparatus manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, AXIMA Performance was used as a mass spectrometer.
- a 0.5 mg/mL CHCA/0.2% (w/v) MDPNA matrix solution was prepared using a-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) as a matrix for Linear TOF, methylene diphosphonic acid (MDPNA) as a matrix additive, and acetonitrile as a solvent.
- 0.5 ⁇ L each of the matrix solution was added dropwise to 4 wells of a MALDI plate ( ⁇ Focus MALDI plate 900 ⁇ m (Hudson Surface Technology, Inc., Fort Lee, NJ)), and dried.
- a second eluate containing an AB-related peptide was added dropwise to these 4 wells and disposed. The time required from the start of the second elution step to the completion of the disposition step was 5 minutes and 15 seconds.
- MALDI-TOF MS was operated to detect AB-related peptides.
- mass spectrum data was acquired by Linear TOF in a positive ion mode using AXIMA Performance (Shimadzu/KRATOS, Manchester, UK). 400 Spots and 16000 shots were accumulated for 1 well.
- the m/z value of Linear TOF was expressed as the peak average mass.
- the m/z value was calibrated using human angiotensin II, human ACTH fragment 18-39, bovine insulin oxidized beta-chain, and bovine insulin as external standards.
- the humidity in the room was measured changing the date and time and found to be 21.2%.
- the temperature was 21.2°C.
- FIG. 1 shows a mass spectrum in the first environment (humidity 58.0%).
- FIG. 2 shows a mass spectrum in the second environment (humidity 21.2%).
- the vertical axis represents signal intensity, and the horizontal axis represents mass-to-charge ratio (m/z).
- Table 1 shows amino acid sequences of the AB-related peptides as the analyte. From FIGS. 1 and 2 , it could be confirmed with high sensitivity that the AB-related peptide was eluted in both environments of the high humidity condition and the low humidity condition. In addition, a mass spectrum of the desired number of samples (Wells 1 to 4) was obtained, and it could be confirmed that highly accurate detection was possible. [Table 1] NO.
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