Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
  • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
  • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
  • E04G11/22—Sliding forms raised continuously or step-by-step and being in contact with the poured concrete during raising and which are not anchored in the hardened concrete; Arrangements of lifting means therefor
  • E04G11/24—Construction of lifting jacks or climbing rods for sliding forms
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
  • B05B13/005—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00 mounted on vehicles or designed to apply a liquid on a very large surface, e.g. on the road, on the surface of large containers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
  • B05B12/16—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area for controlling the spray area
  • B05B12/32—Shielding elements, i.e. elements preventing overspray from reaching areas other than the object to be sprayed
  • B05B12/34—Shielding elements, i.e. elements preventing overspray from reaching areas other than the object to be sprayed movable relative to the spray area
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
  • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
  • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
  • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
  • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
  • B05B13/0426—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation with spray heads moved along a closed path
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
  • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
  • E04C5/04—Mats
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
  • E04C5/168—Spacers connecting parts for reinforcements and spacing the reinforcements from the form
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
  • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
  • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
  • E04C5/20—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
  • E04C5/203—Circular and spherical spacers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
  • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
  • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
  • E04G11/26—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like the sheathing of which consists of ribbons, endless aprons or the like, guided by driven rollers
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
  • E04G11/06—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for walls, e.g. curved end panels for wall shutterings; filler elements for wall shutterings; shutterings for vertical ducts
  • E04G11/20—Movable forms; Movable forms for moulding cylindrical, conical or hyperbolical structures; Templates serving as forms for positioning blocks or the like
  • E04G11/34—Horizontally-travelling moulds for making walls blockwise or section-wise
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
  • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
  • E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
  • E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
  • E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
  • E04G21/0427—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a static support, e.g. crane

Definitions

• the invention relates to a device for applying a hardening building material or a building material that is stable due to compaction against a formwork for the production of a solid, load-bearing structure, in particular a wall of a building, with at least one spray nozzle for spraying the building material in one spraying direction, a spray nozzle guiding at least one spray nozzle, the manipulator that sets the direction of spraying.
• the invention further relates to a recess formwork system and a method for producing a solid, load-bearing structure, in particular a wall of a building, from a building material that hardens or is stable as a result of compression.
• a device for applying a hardening building material against a formwork to produce a solid, load-bearing structure is known, for example, from US Pat. No. 991,814 A.
• automatic manipulators for such devices are also known, via which the spray nozzle of the device for spraying on the building material is automatically guided in a spraying direction.
• the shotcrete method has the advantage that no formwork is required, or only one-sided formwork, and compacting after the concrete has been applied can be omitted, since very good adhesion is generally achieved.
• Sprayed concrete can thus be applied as a hardening building material to produce a solid, load-bearing construction against a formwork or directly on a wall to be reinforced. This is done using the dry spraying process or the wet spraying process.
• cement, aggregates and powdered additives are mixed together in a dry state and placed in the concrete spraying machine and conveyed in a compressed air stream (thin stream conveying) through the pipe or hose to the spray nozzle. Only in the nozzle area is this dry mixture provided with the necessary water and, if necessary, liquid additives and accelerated into a continuous jet.
• cement, aggregate and water are mixed together and conveyed to a spray nozzle of the concrete spraying machine by means of a concrete pump (dense phase conveying) or compressed air (dilute phase conveying).
• the manipulator is built on a movable carriage, the formwork being formed by a formwork panel which can be moved together with the carriage and is positioned relative to the spray nozzle in the spraying direction and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction, the formwork simply be guided in the direction of spraying in front of the spray nozzle held by the manipulator.
• building material that hardens automatically or is stable due to compaction can be applied to the formwork to produce a solid, load-bearing construction via an automatically movable carriage on which an automatic manipulator is installed, via the spray nozzle guided by the manipulator.
• the device for applying the hardening building material or building material that is stable due to compaction sprays the building material against the formwork in the direction of spraying.
• the building material is advantageously compacted and becomes stable.
• So clay that does not have a hydraulic binder can also be used as a building material, since this building material already has sufficient load-bearing capacity after compaction.
• the building material is preferably sprayed against the formwork in a substantially horizontal spraying direction. During spraying, the building material reaches the formwork arranged in the trajectory of the building material, starting from the spray nozzle.
• the essentially horizontal spraying direction leads to a slight deviation in height on the trajectory of the building material due to gravity.
• the formwork preferably forms an application plane which runs essentially orthogonally to the direction of spraying and on which the building material is applied against the formwork.
• the formwork panel of the formwork is aligned essentially transversely to the injection direction.
• the formwork panel forms the application level which preferably extends vertically and horizontally in front of the spray nozzle.
• a spray nozzle infeed device which is designed to bring about the infeed of the spray nozzle on the manipulator relative to the carriage.
• an automatic spray nozzle delivery device on the device an automatic delivery of the spray nozzle on the manipulator relative to the carriage can be made possible in a very simple manner.
• the spray nozzle delivery device enables a translatory movement of the
• Spray nozzle on the manipulator to adjust the height of the spray nozzle to the ground.
• the spray nozzle infeed device can also perform a translational movement of the spray nozzle on the manipulator in order to move the spray nozzle along the concrete wall to be produced without moving the carriage on the ground.
• the spray nozzle infeed device can also perform a translational movement of the spray nozzle on the manipulator in order to move the spray nozzle along the concrete wall to be produced without moving the carriage on the ground.
• Spray nozzle delivery device preferably execute a translational movement of the spray nozzle on the manipulator in the direction of the formwork.
• An embodiment is particularly preferred which provides a cartridge for removing the sprayed-on building material, which cartridge can be positioned relative to the carriage by means of an (automatic) cartridge delivery device.
• the automatic canister delivery device offers the possibility of automatically positioning the canister relative to the carriage for this purpose.
• the canister infeed device offers a change in height and a translational, preferably horizontal movement of the canister, which is preferably aligned vertically. This means that the solid, load-bearing construction that has been produced, in particular the wall of a building, can be easily and automatically removed so that this work step can be taken over by the device.
• the surface of the construction to be produced can be simply smoothed out with the automatic shotgun feed device.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to the fact that a formwork delivery device is provided which is designed to To bring about delivery of the formwork, in particular the formwork panel, relative to the carriage.
• the formwork in particular the formwork panel
• the formwork infeed device enables a translatory movement of the formwork or the formwork panel in order to adjust the height of the entire formwork or the formwork panel in relation to the ground.
• the height of the entire formwork or the formwork panel relative to the spray nozzles can preferably also be adjusted with the formwork infeed device.
• the formwork infeed device can thus be synchronized with the spraying infeed device in such a way that the formwork panel is always positioned relative to the spray nozzle in the spraying direction and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction.
• the formwork can be lifted very easily via the formwork infeed device in order to move the carriage.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides for a holding arm connected to the carriage, which holds the formwork, in particular the formwork panel, on the movable carriage.
• the formwork, in particular the formwork panel can very easily be moved directly together with the carriage by means of this mounting arm mounted on the carriage.
• a very simple synchronization of the movement of the spray nozzle and the formwork panel is also possible via the bracket bracket, since both elements are connected to the carriage.
• the formwork panel can be easily moved together with the carriage and positioned in the direction of spraying relative to the spray nozzle.
• the formwork panel or the entire formwork can be held to move the carriage over the bracket bracket when the formwork delivery device lifts the entire formwork or the formwork panel, for example, from the ground.
• bracket extension reaches over the structure to be produced and thus positions the formwork panel and the spray nozzles on opposite sides of the structure.
• the support bracket advantageously simply protrudes beyond the structure to be produced, so that the formwork panel is simply positioned relative to the spray nozzle in the spraying direction and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction.
• a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the bracket boom can be moved via a trolley on two bridge girders and has a motor slewing ring.
• the formwork can be moved at the end of a wall that has been constructed until the pivot point of the motor slewing ring is outside of the wall surface that has been constructed.
• the formwork is turned in the direction of the level on which the new wall to be erected is to be built.
• the device is at a right angle to the wall that has already been built and can, according to the processes described in more detail, erect the next wall section in such a way that a building edge is on the right Angle to the wall already made is created.
• the carriage can be moved on a subsurface, guided on a rail system. With the guidance of the carriage on a rail system, the movement of the automatically movable carriage can be controlled and fixed particularly easily.
• the rail system can also be replaced by autonomous driving of the car.
• the device preferably moves autonomously on programmed routes, which can be located at any height on floors.
• An advantageous embodiment provides that the formwork panel is protected by a protective film, with an unwinding device being provided which is designed to unwind the protective film from a roll and to guide it over the formwork panel.
• Protecting the formwork panel with the protective film is a simple way of preventing the formwork panel is contaminated with spatters of the building material applied against the formwork.
• the hardening building material is simply applied against the formwork panel here, while remaining separated from the formwork panel by the protective film, so that the formwork panel can be moved further together with the carriage, and positioned relative to the spray nozzle in the spraying direction and essentially remains aligned transversely to the spraying direction.
• the protective film advantageously remains on the construction to be produced and can be used for the post-treatment of the hardening building material. After peeling off the film, the surface of the construction is ready so that no further work steps are required.
• concrete mortar is preferably applied first.
• the unwinding device is designed to unwind the protective film from the roll counter to the direction of travel of the carriage.
• the peripheral speed when unwinding the roll is equal to the traversing speed of the carriage.
• the unwinding device can be used to ensure that sufficient protective film is unwound when the carriage is moved along the structure to be manufactured. A unwound section of film against which the building material was applied remains when the carriage is moved along the structure to be produced at the section of construction where the hardening or load-bearing building material was applied to the section of film against the formwork panel.
• the protective film can be made of plastic (polymeric material) and suitable for curing concrete.
• the protective film can have a film web, with an edge section along the film web being self-adhesive, with the edge section of the film web being designed to be glued to other film webs of the protective film.
• the formwork panel has a vacuum clamping surface which is designed to clamp the protective film flat on the formwork panel.
• the protective film can be clamped particularly easily and securely in a smooth state on the formwork panel.
• the protective film which is firmly connected to the formwork by vacuum, creates a stable surface to which the hardening building material or building material that is load-bearing due to compression immediately adheres without increased rebound. This firm connection also ensures that even a thin layer of building material adheres to the formwork. This is particularly important when graded components are to be produced by spraying on several layers of building materials with different properties.
• the firm connection of formwork and protective film ensures that the manufactured wall element, which has not yet set at this point and therefore consists of a non-stable, high-viscosity suspension, cannot fall over.
• the protective film which forms a firm connection by vacuum with the formwork and thus with the overall structure.
• the vacuum clamping surface is formed by a perforated plate with connecting channels behind it.
• the connecting channels preferably connect a plurality of holes in the perforated plate to a vacuum source.
• the protective film can be securely attached to the vacuum clamping surface via the perforated plate without deformation.
• the connections for the vacuum lines suck it in via the vacuum generated by the vacuum source.
• the connecting channels arranged behind the perforated plate transfer the generated vacuum to a plurality of holes in the perforated plate that open into the connecting channels.
• the hole size of the perforated plate is chosen so that the protective film is sucked in without deforming.
• a separating device can be provided which is designed to separate an upper section of the protective film guided over the formwork panel from a lower section, and a winding device can be provided which is designed to wind up the severed upper section.
• a winding device can be provided which is designed to wind up the severed upper section.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment provides a sensor device which is designed to generate a stop signal, which stops the spraying of the building material if the sensor device detects a first boundary of a recess formwork system when the spray nozzle is being moved, and/or which is designed to to generate a start signal by which the spraying of the building material is started and/or continued if the sensor device detects a second boundary of the recess formwork system when the spray nozzle is moved along the structure to be produced.
• This sensor device can be used very easily to optimize automatic spraying of building material for the use of recess formwork systems (for example for the production of doors or windows in a wall). With the sensor-controlled interruption of the spraying, building material can be prevented from getting to the inside of the recess formwork system used.
• the device has at least two spray nozzles, the first spray nozzle being designed to spray on a first building material and the second pointed nozzle being designed to spray on a second building material that is different from the first building material.
• the first spray nozzle being designed to spray on a first building material
• the second pointed nozzle being designed to spray on a second building material that is different from the first building material.
• a building material distribution device with a rotary device can be provided on the device, with the rotary device having at least two toroidal rotor elements aligned parallel to one another, with the rotor elements each being guided on a circular disk-shaped stator element so as to be rotatable about a common axis of rotation of the rotary device, with each rotor element being connected to the associated stator element is fluidly connected, the rotor elements are each connected to an outgoing building material distribution line and the stator elements are each connected to an incoming building material supply line.
• At least two construction material lines can be twisted relative to one another without the lines becoming twisted.
• a further through-line can be routed through the rotary device through the stator element, with this through-line having a rotary coupling which enables the through-line to be rotated about a line axis of this through-line.
• a first spray nozzle can be supplied with building material for spraying on via a first building material supply line and a first building material distribution line, with a second spray nozzle being supplied with building material for spraying on via a second building material supply line and a second building material distribution line.
• different building materials can be supplied quickly and easily from different concrete pumps or concrete spraying machines via the building material distribution lines and the building material feed lines of the respective spray nozzle.
• the building material can first be fed via the building material supply line, the rotary device and then via the outgoing building material distribution line to the pointed nozzle.
• the building material supply lines and the building material distribution lines coming from the rotary device form separate building material lines for the respectively connected pointed nozzle, which are fed by different concrete pumps or concrete spraying machines.
• the hardening building material can be a shotcrete. Pointed concrete is a versatile and tried and tested building material. However, other building materials that harden or are load-bearing due to compression can also be used to produce the solid, load-bearing structure with the proposed device. Clay, which becomes compacted loam through compaction, or plaster could also be applied with the device.
• the formwork has at least one edge formwork, which is designed to be arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel at an angle to the formwork panel.
• edges of the construction to be produced can be produced very easily.
• the edge formwork of the formwork is simply arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel at a defined angle to the formwork panel.
• the edge formwork forms a lateral closure of the construction to be produced in the area between the formwork panel and
• Edge formwork formed angle Building edges can be formed with the lateral closure by arranging the edge formwork flush on the side of the formwork panel before the building material is sprayed on.
• the formwork has at least one closing formwork, which is designed to be arranged flush on an upper side of the formwork panel at an angle to the formwork panel.
• an upper end of the construction to be produced can be realized.
• a support surface for floor slabs can be produced in the construction to be manufactured using the final formwork.
• the final formwork forms an upper Conclusion under which the construction to be produced is created by spraying building material onto the formwork panel.
• the final formwork forms an upper end of the structure to be produced in the angle formed between the formwork panel and the final formwork.
• An embodiment of the invention is particularly preferred in which the final formwork can be motor-pivoted in relation to the formwork panel.
• a gap is created between the formwork panel and the final formwork by pivoting the final formwork at an obtuse angle using a drive motor.
• the protective film is inserted into this gap.
• a rubber clamp which is located on the edge of the final formwork that faces the formwork panel, the protective film can be fixed when the final formwork is pivoted at a right angle to the formwork panel.
• a simple detachment of the formwork from the manufactured construction and the detachment of the protective film from the fixation can be achieved by pivoting the final formwork.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that the final formwork has at least one slot for receiving a connecting reinforcement.
• the connection reinforcement of the construction to be produced can simply protrude from the final formwork when the formwork is positioned.
• the slot for accommodating connecting reinforcement is preferably dimensioned such that the connecting reinforcement can protrude through the slot, but the building material sprayed onto the formwork panel is largely below the
• Final formwork remains and thus forms a smooth upper side of the construction to be produced, from which the connecting reinforcement protrudes.
• the invention also relates to a recess formwork system for producing recesses for doors and/or windows, with a plurality of formwork boards which form a door and/or window formwork, the formwork boards having a rear side facing the recess and a contact side, the contact side being the inside of the frame formed recess, wherein at least one shuttering board on the contact side is attached to at least one structural steel bar of the recess formwork system via spacers of the recess formwork system, wherein the structural steel bar is designed to be fastened to a base plate for positioning the door and/or window formwork.
• This recess formwork system provides a simple way of positioning and fixing formwork for making recesses for doors and/or windows in the construction to be produced before the hardening building material is sprayed on.
• the recess formwork system can be easily positioned using rebars that are kept at a distance from the contact side of the formwork boards using spacers.
• the rebars of the recess formwork system can be easily attached to a floor slab, so that the recess formwork system can be easily positioned on the floor slab by spraying on hardening building material before the construction is made and then free-standing on the floor slab from the fixed one , stable construction is rebuilt.
• the structural steel rods of the recess formwork system remain
• a reinforcement mat with several crossing bars can preferably be used.
• the crossing bars of the reinforcement mat can be connected to one another at crossing points to form a mat plane, with several vertical bars being aligned vertically lengthwise and parallel to one another and parallel to the mat plane, and several horizontal bars being aligned horizontally lengthwise and parallel to one another and parallel to the mat plane and from the bars the vertical bars are arranged crossing each other, with at least two vertical bars being grouped together and offset orthogonally to the plane of the mat and running on both sides of the horizontal bars.
• the vertical bars arranged in double groups, which run on both sides of the horizontal bars it is a particularly stiff reinforcement mat given that can stand up independently.
• a fastening element can preferably be used for fastening at crossing points of crossing rods.
• This fastener has a head and a shank, wherein in the shank a Phillips mount is embedded, which has undercuts in the direction of the shank to the fastener when receiving intersecting rods in the direction of the shank in the Phillips mount to the
• Clamping of the fastener can easily at a
• a protective film can also be positioned and attached independently of a formwork, if necessary, in order to spray a solid, load-bearing structure made of hardening building material against the attached protective film, ideally supported by the formwork panel of the device according to the invention.
• the head of the fastener can have a self-adhesive fastening surface on the rear side opposite the shank.
• a protective film can be glued very easily to the fastening element via the fastening surface.
• the protective film can also be positioned and attached independently of a formwork in order to spray a solid, load-bearing structure made of hardening building material against the attached protective film.
• the invention also relates to a method for producing a solid, load-bearing structure, in particular a wall of a building, from a building material that hardens or is stable due to compression, comprising the following steps: Application of the hardening building material against a formwork, in particular using a device already described and described in more detail below, with a manipulator guiding at least one spray nozzle for spraying the building material and specifying a spraying direction of the spray nozzle,
• the formwork panel Moving the formwork formed by a formwork panel together with the carriage, the formwork panel being positioned in the spraying direction relative to the spray nozzle and being oriented essentially transversely to the spraying direction.
• a solid, load-bearing construction in particular a wall of a building, can be produced very easily from a building material that hardens or is stable due to compaction.
• the building material is applied along the structure to be produced with a spray nozzle against the formwork, which is moved together with the carriage so that the formwork panel is positioned relative to the spray nozzle in the spraying direction and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction.
• the formwork panel preferably forms an application plane which extends essentially orthogonally to the spraying direction and on which the building material is applied against the formwork.
• the formwork panel of the formwork is aligned essentially transversely to the spraying direction, so that the formwork panel, which forms the application plane, preferably extends vertically and horizontally and at a distance in front of the spray nozzle.
• the formwork can simply be guided in the direction of spraying in front of the spray nozzle held by the manipulator.
• the spray nozzle guided by the manipulator can be used to apply automatically hardening building material against the formwork to produce the solid, load-bearing structure.
• the spray nozzle can be automatically guided along the construction to be manufactured via the automatically moving carriage, on which an automatic manipulator is mounted.
• the formwork is moved together with the carriage to spraying direction in front of the spray nozzle held by the manipulator to remain aligned.
• the solid, load-bearing construction in particular a wall of a building, can be easily produced with a hardening building material by spraying it on from the side.
• a concrete wall with shotcrete or a wall made of compacted clay can be produced very easily, for example, by spraying the building material against the formwork panel guided in front of the spray nozzle.
• a protective film in particular a protective film for protecting the formwork as described above and in more detail below, can also be automatically unwound from a roll in front of the formwork using an unwinding device.
• the formwork panel is protected by a protective film, with the hardening building material or building material that is load-bearing due to compression being applied to the formwork panel against the protective film.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the method provides that the protective film is stretched by a vacuum clamping surface on the formwork panel of the device before it is applied. Clamping the protective film on a vacuum clamping surface of the formwork panel offers the advantage that the protective film can be arranged very smoothly on the formwork panel.
• Clamping the protective film on the vacuum clamping surface prevents creases, so that very smooth surfaces of the structure to be produced can be realized on the formwork panel protected with the film.
• the protective film which advantageously fits crease-free, is securely supported on the formwork panel, so that damage caused by the sprayed-on building material can be easily prevented.
• the protective film is first fixed between the formwork panel and the end formwork in a clamping device provided for this purpose.
• the formwork is then positioned with regard to height and alignment.
• a vacuum source is then used to generate a vacuum, which sucks in and fixes the protective film on the vacuum clamping surface of the formwork panel.
• the vacuum which fixes the protective film on the vacuum clamping surface of the formwork panel, can be easily released, so that after opening the fixation between the formwork panel and the protective film from the clamping device on the formwork panel.
• the formwork can be easily removed from the structure that has been produced and the protective film advantageously remains on the structure that has been produced for post-treatment.
• a new section of the protective film can then be easily stretched over the vacuum clamping surface of the formwork panel before the next construction section is produced.
• the carriage of the device is moved step by step along the structure to be produced, with the structure to be produced between the traversing steps of the carriage being partially supported by adjoining sections by applying the hardening building material or building material that is stable due to compaction against the formwork of the device will be produced.
• the hardening building material can be very easily applied one after the other in sections against the same formwork.
• the formwork thus serves as a sliding formwork, which can be moved step by step by moving the carriage.
• adjacent sections of the structure to be built can be formed one after the other with the slipform moving stepwise in the direction of travel along the structure to be built.
• the building material which is hardening or stable due to compaction, can be applied section by section against the formwork.
• An advantageous embodiment of the method provides that the formwork is lifted from the ground via a formwork infeed device of the device for moving the carriage.
• this process serves to ensure that the final formwork is located above the connecting reinforcement before it is moved.
• the lifting of the formwork is used to create a gap between the base plate and the formwork. Compressed air is now used to blow the excess length of the protective film into this gap, which wraps around the lower edge of the formwork.
• the formwork is set down on the substrate to apply the hardening building material. With the lifting of the formwork by the formwork infeed device, the formwork easily positioned by moving the carriage to produce the next construction section.
• the formwork can be set down again on the subsurface using the formwork delivery device, so that the formwork seals against the subsurface.
• the construction to be produced can then be formed on the subsurface by applying the hardening building material against the formwork. Raising the formwork provides sufficient ground clearance so that the formwork is not damaged when the carriage is moved.
• At least one edge formwork of the formwork is arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel at an angle to the formwork panel in order to produce edges of the structure to be produced.
• the arrangement of the edge formwork makes it easy to produce edges on the construction to be manufactured.
• the edge formwork of the formwork can simply be arranged flush on the side of the formwork panel at a defined angle to the formwork panel.
• a lateral closure of the construction to be produced is formed in the angle formed between the formwork panel and edge formwork. This makes it easy
• Forming building edges by arranging the edge formwork flush on the side of the formwork panel before spraying on the building material.
• An advantageous embodiment of the method provides that the edge formwork is arranged at an angle that tapers to a point relative to the formwork panel. This also makes it particularly easy to produce right-angled edges on the construction to be produced.
• a preferred embodiment of the method provides that for the production of edges of the construction to be produced, the device attaches the formwork panel flush to a previously produced wall, so that a right-angled adjoining wall section of the construction to be produced can be produced. This makes it very easy to produce right-angled edges on the construction to be produced.
• the carriage of the device for the production of a solid, load-bearing structure in particular a wall of a building, is set down on a floor slab and/or floor slab and is moved on this subsoil during the production of the solid, load-bearing structure .
• the device can thus be used in all possible storey heights. Multi-storey buildings, for example with more than three floors, can be easily produced with the device, since the device is placed on the floor slab or the top finished floor ceiling for the production of the walls of the building.
• At least one reinforcement in particular comprising a reinforcement mat as described above and in more detail below, can be attached to the substrate, with the at least one reinforcement being positioned between the at least one reinforcement when the hardening building material is applied to produce the structure spray nozzle and the formwork.
• the reinforcement When the reinforcement is fastened to the substrate, it can stand freely in space so that the building material can be applied around the reinforcement. If the reinforcement is located between the spray nozzle and the formwork when the building material is applied, it can be ensured that the reinforcement strengthens and stabilizes the solid, load-bearing construction made of the hardening building material from the inside.
• fastening elements in particular as described above and in more detail below, can be attached to the crossing points of crossing rods of the reinforcement mat
• a protective film in particular a protective film as described above and in more detail below, can be attached.
• the carriage can be guided in several self-contained rounds during the process along the construction to be produced, so that when
• the construction is built up in layers.
• the solid, load-bearing construction can be built continuously getting produced.
• the building material layer applied in the previous round can harden to such an extent that it is stable enough for the next layer to be applied.
• the building material is injected in layers in an essentially horizontally oriented spraying direction against the essentially vertically oriented formwork.
• the building material can also be applied against a first layer of the construction to be made if it is intended to make a multi-layer construction.
• a building material with a waterproofing effect can be used for the exterior of the structure, while a building material for the interior of the structure
• the method according to the invention also enables layer-by-layer (additive) production, with building up from the outside (from the side of the formwork) inwards (towards the spray nozzle).
• the formwork formed by the formwork panel only serves as formwork when the outermost layer is applied.
• the other layers are then sprayed onto the layers that are already there, i.e. layer by layer from the outside to the inside.
• a recess formwork system for creating recesses for doors and/or windows in the solid, load-bearing construction from the hardening or through Compaction stable building material to be attached to a base plate.
• Figure 1 device according to the invention on a construction site
• Figure 2 is a detailed view of the device
• FIG. 3 is a side view of the device
• FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the device from the side
• FIG. 5 is a view of the carriage
• FIG. 6 is a view of the formwork
• Figure 9 is a detailed view of the roller
• Figure 10 is a top view of the device on the construction site
• Figure 11 is a detailed view of the top view of the device
• Figure 12 is a view of the rotating device
• Figure 13 is a top view of the rotating device
• Figure 14 is a side view of the rotating device
• Figure 15 is a sectional view through the rotating device
• Figure 16 is a further sectional view through the rotating device
• Figure 17 is a view of a recess formwork system
• Figure 18 is a view of the spacers
• Figure 19 is a side view of the spacers
• FIG. 20 shows a top view of a reinforcement mat
• FIG. 21 shows a view of a fastening element
• FIG. 22 shows a side view of a fastening element
• FIG. 23 shows a side view of a reinforcement mat with
• FIG. 24 shows a plan view of a reinforcement mat with fastening elements
• Figure 25 device according to the invention on a construction site, Figure 26 view of the device moved laterally, Figure 27 further view of the device moved laterally, Figure 28 top view of the device, Figure 29 detailed view of the final formwork, Figure 30 further detailed view of the final formwork, Figure 31 further Detailed view of the final formwork, Figure 32 View of the formwork panel, Figure 33 Side view of the formwork panel,
• FIG. 36 detailed view of the supports
• FIG. 37 view of the device on the edge of the building
• FIG. 38 further view of the device on the edge of the building
• FIG. 39 further view of the device on the edge of the building.
• a device according to the invention is shown on a construction site with the reference numeral 1 in FIG.
• the device 1 is used for applying a hardening building material against a formwork 2 for laying a wall of a building on a floor slab 16.
• the device 1 can also be used for laying other solid, load-bearing structures.
• Reinforcement mats 46 with a plurality of crossing rods 47, 48, which are connected to one another at crossing points 49 to form a mat plane 50 (FIG. 20), are placed on the base plate 16 to reinforce the wall to be produced.
• the device has a mobile carriage 7 which is advantageously guided along the erected reinforcement mats 46 on a rail system 15 for the purpose of setting up the load-bearing, solid structure made of the hardening building material when the building material is applied.
• recess formwork systems 25 which will be described in more detail later, are arranged in the mat plane 50 (FIG. 20) of the reinforcement mats 46.
• the device 1 shown here has two spray nozzles 4 , 26 for spraying the building material in a spraying direction 5 and a manipulator 6 guiding the spray nozzles 4 , 26 and determining the spraying direction 5 .
• a folding boom 14 which holds a formwork panel 8 on the movable carriage 7 .
• the flapping boom 14 extends like a portal over the structure 3 to be produced, so that the formwork panel 8 and the spray nozzles 4, 26 are positioned on opposite sides of the structure 3.
• the flapping boom 14 preferably has on the side facing away from the formwork panel 8 a Recording 10 for building material distribution lines 34, 35 (Fig. 13) and a counterweight.
• the formwork panel 8 forms a formwork 2 which can be moved together with the carriage 7 and is positioned in the spraying direction 5 relative to the spray nozzles 4 , 26 and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction 5 .
• the formwork 2 can easily be guided in the spray direction 5 in front of the spray nozzles 4, 26 held by the manipulator 6.
• an automatically movable carriage 7, on which an automatic manipulator 6 is built can be applied over the manipulator 6 guided with the spray nozzles 4, 26 automatically hardening building material against the formwork 2 to produce a solid, stable construction.
• the hardening building material is simply applied against the formwork 2, with the manipulator 6 guiding the spray nozzles 4, 26 for spraying on the building material and a spraying direction 5 of the Spray nozzles 4, 26 specifies.
• the carriage 7 can be moved in a direction of travel 20 along the structure 3 to be produced on a base 16, such as a floor panel.
• the formwork 2 formed by the formwork panel 8 can also be moved together with the carriage 7 so that the formwork panel 8 remains positioned relative to the spray nozzle 4 in the spraying direction 5 and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction 5 .
• the reinforcement mat 46 is advantageously fastened to the substructure 16 before the hardening building material is applied to the formwork 2 and is located between the spray nozzles 4, 26 and the formwork 2 when the construction 3 is being produced by applying the hardening building material Process along the construction 3 to be produced in several self-contained rounds, the representation shown here showing only a portion of the round.
• the construction 3 is built up in layers with each round. A detail shown in FIG. 2 is marked in FIG.
• FIG. 2 shows an enlarged detailed view of the device according to FIG.
• the shotgun 11 is advantageously an automatic Canister delivery device 12 can be positioned relative to the carriage 7 .
• the automatic canister infeed device 12 enables the height and a translational, essentially horizontal movement of the vertically aligned canister 11 to be changed.
• the shuttering feed device 13 is preferably formed by a linear drive, alternatively by a cable pull with a stepper motor.
• the formwork infeed device 13 is used for the vertical positioning of the formwork panel 8, so that the height of the formwork panel 8 is changed by the formwork infeed device 13 and adapted to the height of the spray nozzles 4, 26 via a vertical, translatory movement of the formwork 2 along the bracket arm 14 can be.
• Covers 58 are attached to the traverses of the mounting arm 14 to protect against dust and impact.
• walls with reinforcement in any layers and layer thicknesses can be produced with different materials. First, an outer shell with concrete in the required exposure class and minimum thickness, in the next layer of insulating concrete, then the supporting shell and finally an interior plaster can be applied to the walls to be manufactured.
• FIG. 3 which shows a side view of the device 1 according to the previous figures, it can be seen that a spray nozzle feed device 9 is also arranged on the mounting bracket 14, which is used to feed the spray nozzle 4 on the manipulator 6 relative to the carriage 7.
• the height of the spray nozzles 4 , 26 can thus be changed via the spray nozzle feed device 9 by a vertical, translational movement of the manipulator 6 on the bracket bracket 14 .
• the height of the pointed nozzles 4, 26 can be increased with each round in order to build up the construction 3 in rounds and layers.
• the erected reinforcement mat 46 is shown interrupted.
• the figure 3 also allows a view of a building material distribution device 27 of the device 1.
• This building material distribution device 27 has a built on a carriage 7 distribution boom 59 and is used to feed the spray nozzles 4, 26 with building material starting from Concrete spraying machines at the construction site.
• a rotary device 28 is arranged on the building material distribution device 27, via which building material distribution lines 34, 35 and building material supply lines 36, 37 are connected to supply the spray nozzles 4, 26 with building material.
• the rotary device 28, which will be described in more detail later, makes it possible for the spray nozzles 4, 26 to be supplied without interruptions and without twisting the building material lines 34, 35, 36, 37 when the construction 3 to be produced is driven round by the carriage 7.
• FIG. 4 shows a detail view of the device 1 according to FIG of the construction 3 to be produced can be pulled off smoothly when the carriage 7 moves along the construction 3.
• a closer look at the spray nozzle feed device 9 is possible, which enables the spray nozzles 4 on the manipulator 6 to be fed in relative to the carriage 7 .
• the pointed nozzles 4, 26 can also be positioned, preferably via a linear drive 60, in the direction of the structure 3 to be produced via the spray nozzle infeed device 9.
• a circulating movement of the spray nozzles 4, 26 is also possible.
• the linear drive 60 ensures that the spray nozzles 4, 26 are at the required distance from the wall surface as the wall thickness increases during the spraying process.
• the inclination of the spray nozzles 4, 26 can be changed with the manipulator 6, above all to enable an even distribution when applying the building material and to avoid spray shadows.
• This can be achieved by evenly pivoting the spray nozzles 4, 26 up and down when applying the building material via the automatic manipulator 6.
• the manipulator 6 has a first rotating head 61 which moves the spray nozzles in the vertical direction.
• the illustration also shows that the wheels of the carriage 7 facing the structure 3 to be produced are guided in the rail system 15 in order to guide the carriage 7 along the structure 3 to be produced when moving in the direction of travel 20 .
• FIG. 5 shows a further view of the device 1 according to the previous figures.
• the manipulator 6 also enables the spray nozzles 4, 26 to be swiveled to the side.
• the spray nozzles 4, 26 can also be swiveled back and forth uniformly in the direction of travel 20 when the building material is being applied via the automatic manipulator 6, in order to enable the building material to be evenly distributed.
• the manipulator 6 has a second rotary head 62 which pivots the spray nozzles 4, 26 in a horizontal direction.
• Both rotating heads 61, 62 of the manipulator 6 ensure that a circulating movement of the spray nozzles 4, 26 is also possible and thus no spray shadow is created behind the reinforcement 46 and, moreover, the axis of the building material jet emerging from the spray nozzles 4, 26 during the spraying process is always in maintained at an optimal angle to the surface.
• the canister infeed device 12 allows the fleas of the canister 11 to be changed by vertical displacement along the flapping boom 14 .
• the entire flapping boom 14 mounted on the carriage 7 can be rotated relative to the carriage 7 in order to align the spray nozzles 4, 26 together with the formwork 2 relative to the carriage 7.
• Spray nozzle 4 a first building material are sprayed and on the second
• FIG. 6 shows a rear view of the formwork 2. This view shows an unwinding device 18 which is designed to unwind a protective film 17 from a roll 19 and to guide it over the formwork panel 8. Through this, the formwork panel 8 is protected from the sprayed-on building material by the protective film 17 sliding over the formwork panel 8 .
• the unwinding device 18 winds the protective film 17 counter to the direction of travel
• Circumferential speed which is equal to the travel speed of the carriage 7 in terms of amount.
• the unwound protective film 17 remains on the piece of construction 3 produced with the respective injection molding process Method of the carriage 7 on the construction to be produced 3.
• the formwork panel 8 and the protective film 17 are wider than the spray jet applied by the spray nozzles 4, 26 in the respective operation.
• the application thickness of the material decreases from the core of the spray jet outwards.
• an upper section 22 of the protective film 17 on which the applied material is below the minimum thickness is separated.
• the already mentioned separating device 21 is provided, which is designed to separate the upper section 22 of the protective film 17 guided over the formwork panel 8 from a lower section 23 .
• the severed, upper partial section 22 is wound up via a winding device 63 .
• the upper part of the formwork panel 8 is protected by the upper partial section 22 of the protective film 17, which, however, does not remain on the structure for post-treatment of the hardening building material.
• the upper section 22 is automatically wound up by the winding device 63 after it has protected the formwork panel 8 in an upper area when the building material is sprayed on.
• the lower section 23 of the protective film 17 can be used for the after-treatment of the hardening building material, so that the lower section 22 remains on the structure 3. It can also be seen in FIG.
• FIG. 7 shows another view of the device 1 on the construction site, the perspective deviating from the view in FIG. In this representation, the erected reinforcement mats 46 are shown interrupted in order to enable a better view of the device 1.
• FIG. 7 shows enlarged in FIG.
• FIG. 8 shows a further detailed view of the device 1 according to FIG. 7.
• the sensor device 24 of the device 1 can be seen in this representation.
• the sensor device 24 is designed to generate a stop signal through which the spraying of the building material is stopped if the Sensor device 24 detects a first boundary of a recess formwork system 25 when the carriage 7 is moved in the direction of travel 20 along the structure 3 to be produced.
• the sensor device 24 is located so far in front of the spray nozzles 4, 26 in the direction of travel 20 that when the carriage 7 moves at a predeterminable speed of travel, the spraying of the building material stops right before the spray nozzles 4, 26 would inject the building material to be sprayed into the recess of the recess formwork system 25 .
• the detection of the first limitation is the trigger to interrupt the delivery of the hardening building material to the spray nozzles 4, 26 in order to stop the application of the building material in good time before the recess is reached when the carriage continues to move in the direction of travel.
• a start signal can also be generated via the sensor device, by means of which the spraying of the building material is started and/or continued, provided that the sensor device 24 detects a second boundary of the recess formwork system 25 when the carriage is being moved in the direction of travel 20 along the structure 3 to be produced.
• FIG. 9 shows a detailed view of the roll 19 which is unrolled over the formwork 2 by the unwinding device 18 in the direction of travel 20 in front of the formwork panel 8 .
• the sensor device 24 is arranged via a sensor carrier 64 as far away from the formwork 2 in the direction of travel 20 in front of the formwork panel 8 as the carriage 7 travels at a predetermined speed along the distance along the structure to be produced in the time in which the lines 34, 35, 36, 37 between a concrete spraying machine and the spray nozzles 4, 26 are emptied or filled with building material.
• the limitations of the recess formwork system 25 can thus be recognized in good time when the carriage 7 is moved in the direction of travel 20 .
• the device 1 according to the previous figures is shown from a bird's eye view.
• the rail system 15 is spaced from the established reinforcement mats 46 to the To lead carriage 7 in the direction of travel 20 along the construction 3 to be produced.
• the rail system 15 is preferably mounted parallel to the reinforcement 46, which preferably has corresponding arches on the building edges.
• the carriage 7 is preferably guided in several self-contained laps, with the illustration shown here only showing a section of the lap.
• the rotating device 28 on the building material distribution device 27 is arranged above the construction site within such a round in order to guide the building material distribution lines (shown broken) between the rotating device 28 and the spray nozzles 4 , 26 on the carriage 7 .
• bracket bracket 14 extends over the structure 3 to be produced and thus positions the formwork panel 8 and spray nozzles 4 on opposite sides of the structure 3 .
• the canister 11 is formed by an angled float, which is guided over the canister delivery device 12 in the direction of travel 20 of the carriage 7 along the structure 3 to be produced.
• the erection of a concrete wall, for example, with the device 1 is carried out in sections. First, concrete mortar is applied through a spray nozzle 4 and shotcrete is applied through another spray nozzle 26 . These building materials impinge on the formwork panel 8 which is covered with a protective film 17 . In the width of the spray beam of the spray nozzles 4, 26, the protective film 17 remains on the back of the shotcrete wall and becomes
• Car 7 runs around the building from the inside until it hits the starting point again.
• the spray nozzles 4, 26 and the formwork panel 8 are raised continuously until they have reached the diameter of the spray jet during one revolution inside the building.
• the protective film 17 is accompanied by the adhesive strip glued to the protective film of the last turn. A continuous foil is created parallel to the wall, which is used for curing the concrete.
• FIG. 12 shows a side view of the rotating device 28 which is attached to the building material distribution device 27 .
• This rotary device 28 is formed by two or more toroidal rotor elements 29, 30 aligned parallel to one another, with the rotor elements 29, 30 each being connected to an outgoing building material distribution line 34, 35.
• the rotor elements 29, 30 are connected to the circular disc-shaped stator elements 31, 32 (FIG. 13) by slewing rings 70 (FIG. 13) and are thus rotatably mounted.
• the slewing rings 70 (FIG. 13) between the stator elements 31, 32 (FIG. 13) and the rotor elements 29, 30 form a common axis of rotation 33 for the rotor elements 29, 30 of the rotary device 28 arranged axially next to one another.
• the rotor elements 29, 30 are stationary with the associated stator element 31, 32 in fluid communication and each form a circular cross-section which corresponds to that of the construction material lines 34, 35, 36, 37 in diameter. So that the building material moves in the desired direction within the rotary device 28, there is a socket 69 at the end of the building material lines 36, 37 (FIG. 15). This nozzle 69 directs the building material, which moves along the rotor elements 29, 30, until it leaves the rotary device 28 through the outgoing building material distribution lines 34, 35. By rotating device 28 at least two building material lines 34, 35, 36, 37 can be twisted to each other without the building material supply lines 36, 37 of the building material lines and the building material distribution line 34, 35 of
• Twist building material lines In the illustration according to FIG. 12, a further through line 66 can also be seen, which is routed through the stator elements 31, 32 of the rotary device 28.
• This through-line 66 has a rotary coupling 67 which enables the through-line 66 to be rotated about a line axis of this through-line 66 .
• the toroidal rotor elements 29, 30 on the circular disc-shaped stator elements 31, 32 rotate about the common axis of rotation 33 of the rotary device 28, so that the two construction material lines 34, 35, 36, 37 is prevented if this twisted at the ends of the building material supply lines 36, 37 or at the ends of the outgoing building material distribution lines 34, 35 to each other will.
• a twisting of the building material distribution lines 34, 35, 36, 37 could happen without such a rotating device 28 if the movable carriage 7 of the device 1 is guided in several self-contained laps along the construction 3 to be produced with two connected building material distribution lines 34, 35.
• the first twisting of the building material distribution lines 34, 35, 36, 37 could happen without such a rotating device 28 if the movable carriage 7 of the device 1 is guided in several self-contained laps along the construction 3 to be produced with two connected building material distribution lines 34, 35.
• the first twisting of the building material distribution lines 34, 35, 36, 37 could happen without such a rotating device 28
• Spray nozzle 4 is supplied with building material for spraying via a first building material supply line 36 and a first building material distribution line 34 .
• the second spray nozzle 26 is supplied with building material for spraying on via a second building material supply line 37 and a second building material distribution line 35 .
• Building material lines 34, 35, 36, 37 allow different building material to be supplied quickly and easily via the building material distribution lines 34, 35 and the building material feed lines 36, 37 of the respective spray nozzle 4, 26. Water or other additives can be supplied to the spray nozzles 4, 26 separately from the building material via the further through-line 66.
• the building materials used are preferably shotcrete.
• FIG. 13 a top view of the rotary device 28 according to FIG. 12 can be seen. It can be seen here that the distributor mast 59 of the building material distributor device 27 is attached to the upper stator element 31 . The upper rotor element 29 rotates on the stator element 31 about the axis of rotation 33 of the rotary device 28 .
• FIG. 14 shows a further side view of the rotary device 28, with a sectional plane being drawn in here, which indicates a section through the lower rotor element 30.
• FIG. 15 shows a sectional view through the sectional plane indicated in FIG. In the same tangential direction goes from the rotor element 30, the
• Building material distribution lines 34, 35 can also be arranged in the opposite tangential direction, so that the building material in the rotor elements 29, 30 is conveyed clockwise.
• FIG. 16 shows a further sectional view through the rotary device 28.
• the two toroidal rotor elements 29, 30 aligned parallel to one another are guided via the slewing rings 70 on the stator elements 31, 32.
• the slewing rings 70 (FIG. 13) between the stator elements 31, 32 (FIG. 13) and the rotor elements 29, 30 form the common axis of rotation 33 for the rotor elements 29, 30 of the rotary device 28 arranged axially next to one another on the rotary device 28.
• the toroidal rotor elements 29, 30 rotate on the slewing rings 69 on the circular disc-shaped stator elements 31, 32 about the common axis of rotation
• Recess formwork system 25 for the completion of a recess 38 for a door can be seen in more detail.
• a similar recess formwork system 25 for the preparation of a recess for a window can also be seen.
• One difference between the recess formwork systems 25 shown is the spacing of the lower one
• Shuttering board 39 from the ground and the length of the side shuttering boards
• the function of the recess formwork systems 25 is not fundamentally different, so that the recess formwork system 25 should be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 17, without being limited to the open position of recesses 38 for doors.
• the formwork boards 39 of the recess formwork system 25 form a door and/or window formwork
• the shuttering boards 39 have a rear side 42 facing the recess 38 and a contact side 43.
• the contact page 43 forms the inside of the frame of the recess 38 produced during the production of the solid, load-bearing construction from the building material to be sprayed on.
• the proposed system differs in that structural steel rods 45 are attached to the formwork boards 39 on the contact side 43 via spacers 44 of the recess formwork system 25 .
• the structural steel rods 45 are fastened to the base plate 16 for positioning the door and/or window formwork 40, 41, so that the recess formwork system 25 is supported and fixed on the base plate 16 via the structural steel rods 45.
• FIG. 18 shows a perspective view of the spacers 44 according to FIG. 17, while FIG. 19 shows an enlargement of the area of the spacers 44 marked in FIG. It can be seen in both figures that the spacers 44 keep the structural steel rods 45 at a distance from the lateral formwork boards 39 of the door and/or window formwork 40, 41.
• the recess formwork system 25 can be easily positioned via structural steel rods 45, which are held at a distance from the contact side 43 of the formwork boards via spacers 44.
• the spacers 44 are preferably each secured with a Spax screw, which is screwed into the screw point 68 provided for this purpose.
• the structural steel rods 45 of the recess formwork system 25 remain in the solid, load-bearing structure and are surrounded by the hardening building material.
• the structural steel rods 45 additionally reinforce the area along the shaped recess 38 .
• the spacers 44 are simply separated from the formwork boards 39 in order to reuse the remaining recess formwork system 25 .
• FIG. 20 shows a plan view of a reinforcement mat 46.
• This reinforcement mat 46 comprises a plurality of crossing rods 47, 48 which, when connected to one another at crossing points 49, form a mat plane 50.
• a plurality of vertical rods 47 are aligned vertically along and parallel to one another and parallel to the plane 50 of the mat.
• a plurality of horizontal bars 48 are horizontally longitudinal and parallel to one another and parallel to the mat plane 50 and the vertical bars 47 arranged crossing.
• Reinforcement mat 46 is that in each case at least two vertical rods 47 are grouped with one another and orthogonal to the mat plane 50 staggered with respect to one another and run on both sides of the horizontal rods 48 . This can be seen particularly well from the perspective in FIG. 20, which is directed towards the reinforcement mat 46 from the point of view of the course of the vertical rods 47 in the mat plane 50.
• the offset between the grouped vertical bars 47 ensures that the building material sprayed onto the reinforcement mat 46 completely encloses the bars 47, 48 without forming gaps between the building material and the bars 47, 48.
• the reinforcement mats 46 are preferably attached to the base plate 16 by gluing the vertical rods 47 in pre-drilled holes on the base plate 16.
• FIGS. 21 and 22 show a fastening element 51 for fastening at crossing points 49 of crossing rods 47, 48.
• the fastening element 51 has a head 52 and a shank 53, with a Phillips recess 54 being let into the shank 53.
• the cross slot mount 54 has undercuts 56 at the slots in the shaft direction 55 in order to clamp the fastening element 51 in the shaft direction 55 in the cross slot mount 54 at the undercuts 56 when the crossing rods 47, 48 are received.
• the shank length between the undercuts 56 and the head 54 is chosen so that an adequate concrete cover is ensured.
• FIG. 24 shows a sectional view through the sectional plane indicated in FIG.
• the protective film 17 can then also be positioned independently of a formwork 2 and on the reinforcement 46 are attached to spray against the attached protective film 17 a solid, supporting structure made of hardening building material.
• the film 17 can be attached to the attachment element 51 in a particularly simple manner if the head 52 has a self-adhesive attachment surface 57 on the rear side opposite the shaft 53 .
• a protective film 17 can be glued very easily to the fastening elements 51 via this fastening surface 57 .
• the fastening elements 51 are then used together with the protective foil 17 in the event that a single wall is to be erected.
• the fastening elements 51 are then used together with the protective foil 17 in the event that a single wall is to be erected.
• walls that require reinforcement or fire protection can be erected by repeatedly driving up and down a level.
• FIG. 25 a device according to the invention is shown with the reference number 1 in a further embodiment on a construction site.
• the device 1 is used for applying a hardening building material against a formwork 2 for laying a wall of a building on a floor slab or floor slab 16 .
• the device 1 can also be used to erect other solid, load-bearing structures.
• conventional reinforcement mats 46 with several crossing rods 47, 48, which are connected to one another at crossing points 49 to form a mat plane 50 (FIG. 28), are set up on the base plate 16.
• the device 1 has a mobile carriage 7, which advantageously can be moved autonomously along the erected reinforcement mats 46 in order to position the load-bearing, solid construction made of the hardening building material or the building material that is stable due to compaction when the building material is being applied.
• the device 1 preferably has a Cartesian robot, which controls the carriage 7 via programmable travel paths. Traversing the construction 3 to be produced, such as traversing building edges 83, positioning after individual traversing steps and vertically aligning the formwork when applying the hardening building material is preferably carried out via a digital interface that has satellite navigation.
• the carriage 7 is designed as a gantry crane, with four supports 85, at the lower ends of which wheels 86 are arranged that can each be driven and steered separately.
• the wheels 86 can advantageously be controlled separately with regard to their height adjustment, in order to follow curved paths, the rotational speeds can be controlled separately.
• the device 1 shown here has two spray nozzles 4, 26 for spraying the building material in a spraying direction 5 and a manipulator 6 guiding the spray nozzles 4, 26 and defining the spraying direction 5 first building material can be sprayed on and a second building material, different from the first building material, can be sprayed on via the second nozzle 26 (FIG. 38).
• the manipulator 6 is mounted on a spray nozzle delivery device 9 on the movable carriage 7 .
• the spray nozzle infeed device 9 is preferably designed as a three-axis Cartesian robot. It is advantageously located between the supports 85 of the gantry crane. Only at the building edges 83 are the spray nozzles 4, 26 moved by the spray nozzle infeed device 9 outside of the supports 85 for applying building material.
• the Cartesian robot of the spray nozzle infeed device 9 has linear axes 91 which advantageously run parallel to the supports 85 .
• the spray nozzles 4, 26 are fed in via these linear axes 91 by means of the spray nozzle feed device 9.
• the pointed nozzles 4, 26 can also be moved, preferably via a linear drive 60 (Fig. 38), in the direction of the structure to be produced 3 over the spray nozzle infeed device 9.
• a circulating movement of the spray nozzles 4, 26 is also possible.
• the linear drive 60 ensures that the spray nozzles 4, 26 are at the required distance from the wall surface as the wall thickness increases during the spraying process.
• the inclination of the spray nozzles 4, 26 can be changed with the manipulator 6 in order to ensure an even distribution when applying the building material and to avoid spray shadows. This can also be achieved by evenly swiveling the spray nozzles 4, 26 up and down when applying the building material via the automatic manipulator 6.
• the manipulator 6 has a rotary head which rotates the spray nozzles 4, 26 in the vertical and/or horizontal direction and moved here.
• On the upper side of the gantry crane there are preferably two bridge girders 87 on which a trolley 88 is mounted.
• This trolley 88 advantageously has a motor slewing ring 89 on which a support arm 14 is mounted.
• the support arm 14 holds a formwork panel 8 on the movable carriage 7.
• a counterweight 90 for the formwork panel 8 is provided at the opposite end of the support arm 14.
• the bracket boom 14 can be rotated and moved on the bridge girders 4.
• the support bracket 14 reaches like a portal over the structure 3 to be produced, so that the formwork panel 8 and the spray nozzles 4, 26 are positioned on opposite sides of the structure 3.
• the formwork panel 8 forms a formwork 2 which can be moved together with the carriage 7 and is positioned relative to the spray nozzles 4, 26 in the spraying direction 5 and is essentially aligned transversely to the spraying direction 5.
• the formwork 2 can easily be guided in the spray direction 5 in front of the spray nozzles 4, 26 held by the manipulator 6.
• automatically curing building material can be applied to the formwork 2 to produce a solid, load-bearing structure 3 via an automatically movable carriage 7 on which an automatic manipulator 6 is installed, via the spray nozzles 4 , 26 guided by the manipulator 6 .
• the building material is simply applied against the formwork 2, with the manipulator 6 guiding the spray nozzles 4, 26 for spraying on the building material and a Spray direction 5 of the spray nozzles 4, 26 specifies.
• the formwork 2 formed by the formwork panel 8 also moves together with the carriage 7 in the direction of travel 20.
• the formwork panel 8 is used to apply the building material relative to the spray nozzle 4 in the spraying direction 5 positioned and is essentially transverse to the application of the building material Spray direction 5 aligned.
• the carriage 7 of the device 1 is preferably moved step by step along the construction 3 to be produced, with the construction 3 to be produced being partially supported between the traversing steps of the carriage 7 by adjoining sections 82 (Fig. 27) by means of applications of the hardening building material or of the building material which is stable due to compaction against the formwork 2 of the device 1 is completed.
• the construction 3 to be produced here a building wall, can be very easily applied in sections by spraying with the spray nozzles 4, 26 against the same formwork 2 from hardening or stable building material due to the stepwise movement of the carriage 7 on the substrate 16.
• the formwork 2 thus serves as a sliding formwork, which can be displaced step by step by moving the carriage 7 .
• the adjoining sections 82 (FIG. 27) of the structure 3 to be produced can thus be formed one after the other with the slipform moving stepwise in the direction of travel 20 along the structure 3 to be produced.
• the hardening building material can be applied against the formwork 2 section 82 by section 82 .
• the reinforcement mat 46 is advantageously fastened to the substrate 16 before the hardening building material is applied to the formwork 2 and is located between the spray nozzles 4, 26 and the formwork 2 when the structure 3 is being laid due to the application of the hardening building material Attachment of the reinforcement mat 46 advantageously the connection reinforcement 81 out.
• the reinforcement mats 46 are attached to this connection reinforcement 81 with tie wire.
• commercial spacers 44 are used.
• the formwork 2 also includes edge formwork 76 (FIG. 37), 77 which is designed to be arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel 8 at an angle a to the formwork panel 8 .
• the edge formwork 76 (FIG. 37), 77 which is designed to be arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel 8 at an angle a to the formwork panel 8 .
• the edge formwork 76 (FIG. 37), 77 which is designed to be arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel 8 at an angle a to the formwork panel 8 .
• the edge formwork 76
• 77 serves to produce edges 83 of the structure 3 to be produced with the device 1.
• Flierzu the edge formwork 77 of the formwork 2 is simply arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel 8 at a defined angle, here 90 degrees, to the formwork panel 8 .
• a lateral closure of the construction 3 to be produced is formed on the edge formwork 77 in the angle a formed between the formwork panel 8 and the edge formwork 77 (FIG. 28).
• building edges 83 can be formed by arranging the edge formwork 77 so that it is laterally flush on the formwork panel 8 before the building material is sprayed on.
• the formwork 2 also has a final formwork 78 which is designed to be arranged flush with an upper side 79 (FIG. 29) of the formwork panel 8 at an angle ⁇ (FIG. 31) to the formwork panel 8 .
• the closing formwork 78 on the upper side 79 of the formwork panel 8 enables the construction 3 to be produced to be finished at the top.
• bearing surfaces 93 (FIG. 27) for floor slabs can be produced in the construction 3 to be produced.
• the end formwork 78 forms an upper end under which the structure 3 to be produced is created by spraying building material onto the formwork panel 8 .
• the final formwork 78 has at least one slot 80 (FIG. 29) for accommodating connection reinforcement 81 . As can be seen in FIG.
• connection reinforcement 81 of the construction 3 to be produced can hereby simply protrude from the final formwork 78 after the formwork 2 has been positioned.
• non-positive connections between the manufactured wall and floor slabs 16 on the structure 3 to be manufactured can be formed in a particularly simple manner.
• the connecting reinforcement 81 can protrude through the slot 80, but building material sprayed onto the formwork panel 8 largely remains under the final formwork 78 and here forms a smooth upper side of the structure 3 to be produced, from which the connecting reinforcement 81 protrudes.
• the final formwork 78 is preferably provided with a rubberized surface.
• a formwork infeed device 13 is also used for the vertical positioning of the formwork panel 8 so that the height of the formwork panel 8 can be changed by the formwork infeed device 13 via a vertical, translational movement of the formwork 2 on the bracket bracket 14 .
• the formwork delivery device 13 is equipped with a winch 94 and a deflection roller 95, via which the formwork 2 can be raised and lowered from the subsurface 16 on a cable pull 96.
• the formwork panel 8 of the formwork 2 is preferably fastened to a metal frame 97 which, for this purpose, slides along the holding arm 14 .
• the formwork 2 can be transported via the formwork infeed device 13 of the device 1 to move the carriage 7 on the subsurface 16 and are then set down again on the subsurface 16 for the application of the hardening building material.
• the formwork 2 In order to move the carriage 7 , the formwork 2 must be raised so far that the formwork panel 8 is located above the ends of the connection reinforcement 81 . through the
• Formwork delivery device 13 can be the formwork 2 easy
• Protective film 17 has been blown in, which wraps itself around the lower edge of the formwork, can be placed back on the base 16 so that the formwork 2 together with the protective film 17 seals against the base 16 . Thereafter, the application of the hardening building material or building material that is stable due to compaction can be continued against the formwork 2 in the next construction section 82 .
• FIG. 26 This is shown in FIG. 26, in which the device 1 according to FIG. 25 for the production of the next section 82 was displaced by laterally moving the carriage 7 in the direction of travel 20 along the structure 3 to be produced.
• FIG. 27 shows the device 1 in the position already assumed in FIG.
• the adjoining section 82 of the structure 3 to be produced was also produced here by spraying hardening building material against the formwork panel 8 .
• the carriage 7 of the device 1 can be moved step by step along the structure 3 to be produced. Between the traversing steps of the carriage 7, the construction 3 to be produced can simply be produced in sections by adjoining sections 82 by means of applications of the hardening building material against the formwork 2 of the device 1.
• FIG. 28 shows the device 1 at the position shown in FIG. 27 from a bird's-eye view in a plan view. This representation shows an unwinding device 18 which is designed to cover a protective film 17 unwind from a roll 19 and lead over the formwork panel 8.
• the formwork panel 8 is protected from the sprayed-on building material by the protective film 17 sliding over the formwork panel 8 .
• the unwinding device 18 unwinds the protective film 17 from the roll 19 counter to the direction of travel 20 of the carriage 7 . This can be done with a
• Circumferential speed carried out which is equal to the traversing speed of the carriage 7 in terms of amount.
• a continuous protective film 17 can thus be used for adjacent construction sections 82 of the construction 3 to be produced.
• the unwound protective film 17 remains on the section 82 of the structure 3 produced with the respective injection molding process when the carriage 7 is moved for post-treatment on the structure 3 to be produced.
• Figure 28 also shows that the device 1 has a shotgun 11 which is used to pull off the sprayed building material is used.
• the canister 11 can advantageously be positioned relative to the carriage 7 via a canister delivery device 12 attached to the manipulator 6 .
• Canister delivery device 12 allows changing the angle of the canister 11 on the manipulator 6.
• the manipulator 6 can be used to change the height of the canister 11 and a translational, essentially horizontal movement of the vertically aligned canister 11 can be completed.
• the shotgun 11 on the shotgun delivery device 12 is slightly angled and has a vertical extension over which the surfaces of the structure 3 to be produced can be pulled off smoothly when the shotgun 11 is guided over the manipulator 6 along the structure 3 to be produced.
• the canister 11 is preferably formed by an angled float, which is guided over the canister delivery device 12 along the construction 3 to be produced.
• FIG. 29 shows a detailed view of the roll 19 which is unrolled over the formwork 2 by the unwinding device 18 in the direction of travel 20 in front of the formwork panel 8 .
• the formwork panel 8 is protected with protective film 17 from the building material that is sprayed against the formwork panel 8 with the spray nozzles 4, 26 (FIG. 27).
• the formwork panel 8 has a vacuum clamping surface 71, which will be described in more detail later and is designed to to stretch the protective film 17 flat on the formwork panel 8.
• a vacuum tank 98 of the vacuum source 75 can be seen in FIG.
• the vacuum tank 98 is connected to a vacuum pump of the vacuum source 75 via a line 99 .
• the vacuum tank 98 is connected to the formwork panel 8 via a valve 100, in particular a solenoid valve, and a distributor 101.
• a valve 100 in particular a solenoid valve
• several vacuum hoses 102 lead from the distributor 101 into the formwork panel 8.
• the protective film 17 is sucked onto the vacuum clamping surface 71 by triggering the valve 100. Further operation of the vacuum pump creates a non-positive connection between the protective film 17 and the formwork panel 8. This non-positive connection is important for the function of the protective film 17 because it allows the applied building material to adhere to the protective film 17. The material application is not affected by tangential forces that would lead to the deformation of the protective film 17.
• FIG. 29 also shows in detail the end formwork 78 on the upper side 79 of the formwork panel 8.
• the end formwork 78 can be pivoted relative to the formwork panel 8 by means of a linear motor 105. This allows the blunt here Simply change the angle ß between the end formwork 78 and the formwork panel 8.
• the end formwork 78 is preferably fastened to the formwork panel 8 with a hinge 103 .
• the formwork 2 can be moved relative to the structure 3 to be produced by moving the carriage 7 along the structure, since the formwork 2 has been raised by the formwork infeed device 13 to such an extent that the connection reinforcement 81 does not fall into the slots 80 of the Final formwork 78 protrudes.
• the representation according to FIG. 30 shows the formwork panel 8 in the position such that the connection reinforcement 81 protrudes through the slots 80 of the final formwork 78.
• the upper edges 79 of the formwork panel 8 and the protective film 17 are flush with one another in this position.
• the roll 19 is fixedly mounted on the fluttering boom 14 with the unwinding device 18 .
• the formwork panel can be raised and lowered for positioning independently of the protective film 17 by means of the formwork infeed device 13 .
• the protective film 17 is clamped between the formwork panel 8 and the final formwork 78 by extending the linear motor.
• the final formwork 78 has a preferably glued-in rubber clamp 104 (FIG. 29).
• FIG. 31 it can be seen that the actuation of the linear motor 105 changed the angle ⁇ between the end formwork 78 and the formwork panel 8 compared to the position according to FIG. In this way, a right-angled upper end of the construction 3 to be produced can be realized.
• the protective film 17 on the upper side 79 of the formwork panel 8 is clamped and fixed by the closing formwork 78 by means of the clamping rubber 104 (FIG. 29) due to the infeed of the linear motor 105 shown.
• the protective film 17 is preferably longer at the bottom than the formwork panel 8, the excess length thereby formed being blown through the gap between the formwork panel 8 and the bottom panel 16 by means of compressed air.
• the protective film 17 is placed around the lower edge of the formwork panel 8 .
• the formwork panel 8 is then lowered onto the base plate 16 by means of the formwork infeed device 13 . After the flush arrangement of the protective film 17 A vacuum is generated on the formwork panel 8 via the vacuum clamping surface 71 and the protective film 17 is clamped on the formwork panel 8 .
• FIG. 32 shows an individual view of the formwork panel 8.
• the vacuum clamping surface 71 on the formwork panel 8 can be seen here.
• This vacuum clamping surface 71 serves to clamp the protective film 17 flat on the formwork panel 8 .
• the protective film 17 can thus be stretched particularly easily and securely on the formwork panel 8 in a smooth state.
• the crease-free protective film 17 is thus securely supported on the formwork panel 8 and is excellently protected against damage, such as punctures.
• the sprayed-on building material does not come into direct contact with the formwork panel 8 . Nevertheless, the sprayed building material is sufficiently compacted on the protective film 17 and the rebound is minimized.
• the vacuum clamping surface 71 is preferably formed by a perforated plate 72 with connecting channels 73 behind it (FIG. 35).
• FIG. 35 For further explanation of the connection channels 73 (FIG. 35), an area G is highlighted in FIG. 32, which will be explained below.
• FIG. 33 shows the formwork panel 8 according to FIG. 32 in a side view. It can be seen here that the formwork panel 8 is fastened to a metal frame 97 which can slide along the holding arm 14 in order to position the formwork panel 8 vertically. A region H is also drawn in FIG.
• This area H is shown enlarged in FIG. It can be seen here that the perforated plate 72 , which preferably has a thickness of 1 mm, rests on the remaining formwork panel 8 .
• the perforated plate 72 is preferably simply glued airtight at the edges.
• the perforated plate 72 with its large number of very small holes ensures that the surface of the protective film 17 (FIG. 29) that has been sucked in remains smooth and that no structure is visible.
• the area G according to FIG. 32 is shown in FIG. 35 without the perforated plate 72 (FIG. 32), so that the connecting channels 73 lying behind it are visible. These connection channels 73 form grooves which are covered on the open side by the perforated plate 72 (FIG. 32). So connect the connecting channels 73 several holes in the perforated plate 72 (Fig. 32) with a vacuum source. When the protective film 17 is stretched, the holes in the formwork panel 8 suck it in via the vacuum generated by the vacuum source. For this purpose, the connecting channels 73 arranged behind the perforated plate 72 (FIG. 32) transmit the generated vacuum to a plurality of holes in the perforated plate 72 (FIG. 32) opening into the connecting channels 73 .
• FIG. 36 shows a detailed view of the supports 106 with which the construction 3 to be produced can be supported until it has completely hardened.
• the supports 106 have sheet metal plates 107, which are used to better absorb compressive forces on the still fresh, highly viscous building material.
• the supports 106 are secured once the desired thickness of build material has been applied. Only after the supports 106 have been attached can the protective film 17 resting on the supported section 82 be detached from the formwork panel 8 by releasing the vacuum.
• the supports 106 are bolted to special steel baskets 108.
• the steel baskets 108 have a threaded central tube 109 for receiving a formwork threaded rod.
• Reinforcing steels 110 extend from the tube 109 in a star shape and are fastened to the inner and outer sides of the reinforcement mats 46 with tie wire and together with the applied building material form a fixed anchoring point for the supports 106 .
• the device 1 according to FIG. 25 has been moved with the carriage 7 step by step along the structure 3 to be produced up to the next edge 83 of the building.
• the construction 3 to be produced here the building wall
• the construction 3 to be produced was produced in sections by adjoining sections 82 by means of applications of the hardening building material against the formwork 2 of the device 1.
• Arriving at the building edge 82, an edge 83 of the construction 3 to be produced is produced by the edge formwork, in that an edge formwork 76 of the formwork 2 is arranged laterally flush with the formwork panel 8 at an angle a, here a right angle, to the formwork panel 8.
• the device 1 according to the rotated in the following steps in order to manufacture the next building wall, which connects at 90°.
• the formwork panel 8 is first moved up to the edge 83 of the building.
• the formwork panel 8 is then separated from the protective film 17 and the metal frame 98 with the formwork panel 8 is lifted until the final formwork 78 is located above the connection reinforcement 81 .
• the trolley 88 is moved parallel to the finished building wall until the pivot point is outside of the finished building wall.
• the bracket arm 14 is rotated through 90° on the motor slewing ring 89, as can be seen in FIG.
• the carriage 7 then moves in the opposite direction to the finished building wall in order to have space for the subsequent movements.
• the carriage 7 then rotates the spray nozzles 4, 26 in the direction of the wall to be manufactured from the building edge 83 and the formwork panel 8 is placed on the building edge 83 in order to manufacture the angular section of the structure 3 to be manufactured.
• walls with reinforcement in any layers and layer thicknesses can be produced with different materials.
• an outer shell with concrete in the required exposure class and minimum thickness, in the next layer of insulating concrete as core insulation, then the supporting shell and finally an interior plaster can be applied to the walls to be manufactured.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
• On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
• Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

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• 2021
  • 2021-01-08 DE DE102021100228.1A patent/DE102021100228A1/de active Pending
• 2022
  • 2022-01-06 CN CN202280019979.XA patent/CN116964289A/zh active Pending
  • 2022-01-06 EP EP22701153.3A patent/EP4274942A1/de active Pending
  • 2022-01-06 WO PCT/EP2022/050202 patent/WO2022148809A1/de active Application Filing
• 2023
  • 2023-07-10 US US18/219,760 patent/US20230349173A1/en active Pending

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