EP4237371A1 - Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur - Google Patents
Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateurInfo
- Publication number
- EP4237371A1 EP4237371A1 EP21794183.0A EP21794183A EP4237371A1 EP 4237371 A1 EP4237371 A1 EP 4237371A1 EP 21794183 A EP21794183 A EP 21794183A EP 4237371 A1 EP4237371 A1 EP 4237371A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- zone
- temperature
- hydrogen
- branched
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 162
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 64
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 61
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 34
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetophenone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KWOLFJPFCHCOCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 15
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000007210 heterogeneous catalysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- PKQYSCBUFZOAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dibenzyl-3-methylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CC=1C(C)=CC=CC=1CC1=CC=CC=C1 PKQYSCBUFZOAPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000110 selective laser sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002638 heterogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 43
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 33
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 29
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 23
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 20
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 16
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 11
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- -1 hexahydropyrimidinyl Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- JMSUNAQVHOHLMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylethanol Chemical compound CC(O)C1CCCCC1 JMSUNAQVHOHLMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CC=C1 HUMNYLRZRPPJDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 7
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-cinnamaldehyde Chemical compound O=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 6
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnamic aldehyde Natural products O=CC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KJPRLNWUNMBNBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229940117916 cinnamic aldehyde Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 150000002390 heteroarenes Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-benzothiophene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=CC2=C1 FCEHBMOGCRZNNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-carbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C3=CC=CC=C3NC2=C1 UJOBWOGCFQCDNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lithium hydroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000002147 dimethylamino group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])N(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-ethylbenzaldehyde Natural products CCC1=CC=C(C=O)C=C1 QNGNSVIICDLXHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- RIFKADJTWUGDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-cyclohexylethanone Chemical compound CC(=O)C1CCCCC1 RIFKADJTWUGDOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OSINZLLLLCUKJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexanemethanol Chemical compound CC1CCC(CO)CC1 OSINZLLLLCUKJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PLAZXGNBGZYJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-ethylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(CC)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 PLAZXGNBGZYJSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Indole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=CC2=C1 SIKJAQJRHWYJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzopyrazine Natural products N1=CC=NC2=CC=CC=C21 XSCHRSMBECNVNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexylmethanol Chemical compound OCC1CCCCC1 VSSAZBXXNIABDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DEFUSPNGFCCTEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dicyclohexylmethanol Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(O)C1CCCCC1 DEFUSPNGFCCTEU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 3
- UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCCC2=C1 UWYZHKAOTLEWKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GDPISEKNRFFKMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diphenylpropan-2-ylbenzene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1CC(C=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 GDPISEKNRFFKMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC=CC2=C1 YBYIRNPNPLQARY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7H-purine Chemical compound N1=CNC2=NC=NC2=C1 KDCGOANMDULRCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylbenzene Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC=C1 YNQLUTRBYVCPMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Furan Chemical compound C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003827 NRaRb Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyridine Chemical compound C1=CC=NC=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Quinoline Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 SMWDFEZZVXVKRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009903 catalytic hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001924 cycloalkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylcyclohexane Chemical compound CCC1CCCCC1 IIEWJVIFRVWJOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002803 fossil fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002815 homogeneous catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052588 hydroxylapatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCC2=C1 PQNFLJBBNBOBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoquinoline Chemical compound C1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 AWJUIBRHMBBTKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;hydroxide;triphosphate Chemical compound [OH-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O XYJRXVWERLGGKC-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 2
- 125000004193 piperazinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OFNNRZGLCRQPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N (4-methylphenyl)methanol Chemical compound [CH2]C1=CC=C(CO)C=C1 OFNNRZGLCRQPRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,3-triazine Chemical compound C1=CN=NN=C1 JYEUMXHLPRZUAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NOC2=C1 KTZQTRPPVKQPFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-dihydrostilbene Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1CCC1=CC=CC=C1 QWUWMCYKGHVNAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,8-naphthyridine Chemical compound N1=CC=CC2=CC=CN=C21 FLBAYUMRQUHISI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-benzimidazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC=NC2=C1 HYZJCKYKOHLVJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-indazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=NNC2=C1 BAXOFTOLAUCFNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MFJCPDOGFAYSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1H-isochromene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2COC=CC2=C1 MFJCPDOGFAYSTF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-amino-3-[3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]phenyl]propanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC(N(CCCl)CCCl)=C1 QDGAVODICPCDMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-benzofuran Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=COC=C21 UXGVMFHEKMGWMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-isoindole Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CNC=C21 VHMICKWLTGFITH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CLYAQFSQLQTVNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-cyclohexylpropan-1-ol Chemical compound OCCCC1CCCCC1 CLYAQFSQLQTVNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYUDFQUDLLTCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-cyclohexylbutan-2-ylcyclohexane Chemical compound C1CCCCC1C(C)CCC1CCCCC1 QYUDFQUDLLTCAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PDINXYLAVFUHSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbutan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1 PDINXYLAVFUHSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001120493 Arene Species 0.000 description 1
- GNVPJRSVZFCZFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=O)C1CCCCC1 Chemical compound C(C)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CC(=O)C1CCCCC1 GNVPJRSVZFCZFC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723347 Cinnamomum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000037364 Cinnamomum aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014489 Cinnamomum aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910015189 FeOx Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 208000033962 Fontaine progeroid syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910018487 Ni—Cr Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phthalic anhydride Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1 LGRFSURHDFAFJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzarone Chemical compound CCC=1OC2=CC=CC=C2C=1C(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RFRXIWQYSOIBDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001555 benzenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzophenone Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012965 benzophenone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002619 bicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl 2,2-difluorocyclopropane-1-carboxylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1CC1(F)F JHIWVOJDXOSYLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCOC2=C1 VZWXIQHBIQLMPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C[CH]OC2=C1 QZHPTGXQGDFGEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N cinnoline Chemical compound N1=NC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 WCZVZNOTHYJIEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004292 cyclic ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006392 deoxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical class C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000012847 fine chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- MGJURKDLIJVDEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N formaldehyde;hydrate Chemical compound O.O=C MGJURKDLIJVDEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N furazan Chemical compound C=1C=NON=1 JKFAIQOWCVVSKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002290 gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole Natural products CC1=CC=CC2=C1C=CN2 PZOUSPYUWWUPPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N indolenine Natural products C1=CC=C2CC=NC2=C1 RKJUIXBNRJVNHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002475 indoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isochromane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2COCCC2=C1 HEBMCVBCEDMUOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWVMLCQWXVFZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoindoline Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CNCC2=C1 GWVMLCQWXVFZCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N isothiazole Chemical compound C=1C=NSC=1 ZLTPDFXIESTBQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoxazole Chemical compound C=1C=NOC=1 CTAPFRYPJLPFDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol;hydrate Chemical compound O.OC GBMDVOWEEQVZKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002950 monocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229930014251 monolignol Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 125000002293 monolignol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxadiazole Chemical compound C1=CON=N1 WCPAKWJPBJAGKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxatriazole Chemical compound C1=NN=NO1 CQDAMYNQINDRQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAYYNDKKHOIIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(N)=O NAYYNDKKHOIIOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalazine Chemical compound C1=NN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 LFSXCDWNBUNEEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229930182852 proteinogenic amino acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridine Natural products COC1=CC=CN=C1 UMJSCPRVCHMLSP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N quinazoline Chemical compound N1=CN=CC2=CC=CC=C21 JWVCLYRUEFBMGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 1
- YYMWVZQRBNARFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;2-[2,3-bis(sulfanyl)propoxy]ethanesulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)CCOCC(S)CS YYMWVZQRBNARFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002194 synthesizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003536 tetrazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001149 thermolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Chemical compound COC1=CC(C=O)=CC=C1O MWOOGOJBHIARFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanillin Natural products COC1=CC(O)=CC(C=O)=C1 FGQOOHJZONJGDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012141 vanillin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/003—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using thermochemical reactions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/0005—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes
- C01B3/001—Reversible uptake of hydrogen by an appropriate medium, i.e. based on physical or chemical sorption phenomena or on reversible chemical reactions, e.g. for hydrogen storage purposes ; Reversible gettering of hydrogen; Reversible uptake of hydrogen by electrodes characterised by the uptaking medium; Treatment thereof
- C01B3/0015—Organic compounds; Solutions thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
- F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
- F28D2021/0022—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for chemical reactors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for the preparation of a fluid by catalytic reaction from a storage fluid, comprising a recuperator, but also the use of said device for the preparation of said fluid, and a process for the preparation of said fluid using a recoverer.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing said device.
- the present invention also relates to new organic hydrogen-carrying liquids (LOHCs), as well as the corresponding LOHC/dehydrogenated LOHC pairs.
- LOHCs organic hydrogen-carrying liquids
- the invention also relates to their uses for the transport and storage of hydrogen, and the hydrogen generation processes using them.
- Hydrogen Containing the highest energy density per unit mass and producing only water when burned or oxidized in a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell, hydrogen is considered one of the most efficient and efficient candidates. the most environmentally friendly as a future fuel. Hydrogen is a very energetic compound compared to conventional fossil fuels and burns in air at widely varying concentrations (including 5% to 75%).
- organic compounds such as formic acid, methanol-water, formaldehyde-water mixtures, and carbohydrates
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carriers
- the present invention makes it possible in particular to appreciably limit the energy necessary to release the fluid from its source, which increases the energy efficiency linked to said fluid, and when an on-board system is considered, the autonomy of the vehicle wearing.
- hydrogen is attached to the hydrogen-poor organic liquid (dehydrogenated LOHC) through a hydrogenation reaction to produce a hydrogen-rich organic liquid (hydrogenated LOHC) which should be a stable liquid under ambient conditions and therefore transportable and storable.
- the hydrogen-rich organic liquid is then dehydrogenated in a second reaction to regenerate the hydrogen and the hydrogen-poor organic liquid.
- these LOHCs are therefore capable of being hydrogenated and dehydrogenated reversibly in the presence of a catalyst.
- LOHCs are aromatic hydrocarbons and heteroaromatic compounds of the carbazole family.
- the aromatic hydrocarbons are most particularly benzene, toluene, naphthalene, biphenyl derivatives, benzyltoluenes including dibenzyltoluenes (DBT). They form, in their hydrogenated form, cyclic alkanes.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide new hydrogenated organic liquids capable of generating, by catalytic dehydrogenation, hydrogen contents by mass and volume which are satisfactory or even higher than those generated by certain conventional LOHCs, including at least one of the compounds of the dehydrogenated LOHC/LOHC pair hydrogenated can be synthesized from a biosourced, renewable resource, such as wood lignin, for example.
- Another object of the invention is to provide new hydrogenated organic liquids which can be dehydrogenated by reactions which can be at least partially catalyzed by more available metals, which makes it possible in particular to reduce the use of catalysts based on noble metals, and therefore savings.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide hydrogenated LOHCs whose dehydrogenated counterparts have the ability to hydrogenate catalytically and reversibly, as well as dehydrogenated LOHCs having the ability to hydrogenate catalytically and reversibly to these hydrogenated LOHCs.
- Yet another object of the invention is to provide a process for the dehydrogenation of these new hydrogenated organic liquids which is efficient, with high conversion, and selective (to avoid any degradation of the LOHC) while using fewer catalysts based on noble metals. .
- the invention relates to a device for the preparation of a second fluid by catalytic reaction from a first fluid, source of said second fluid, the device comprising at least one inlet (1) of the first fluid communicating with one or more first columns (2), which also communicate with at least one outlet (6) of the second fluid, and with one or more second columns (7), which also communicate with at least one outlet (10) of the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, the first column(s) (2) comprising a zone (4) for heating the first fluid, in contact with one or several external heating means, said zone (4) also being a heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) or followed by a heterogeneous catalysis zone (5), characterized in that the second column or columns (7) comprise a zone ( 8) comprising one or more heat exchangers (9) serving as a heat source for a zone (3) for heating the first fluid of the first column(s) (2), said zone (3) preceding or merging with said zone ( 4).
- zones (3) and (4) coincide.
- this zone (3,4) of one or more columns (2) is a zone for heating the first fluid both by the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the end of step iii) , using one or more heat exchangers, and by one or more external heating means.
- one or more elements of the heat exchanger(s) can also play the role of external heating means, in particular by Joule effect, by being connected to an electrical source.
- zones (4) and (5) coincide.
- this zone (4.5) of one or more columns (2) comprises the catalyst as well as one or more external heating means.
- zones (3), (4) and (5) coincide.
- this zone (3,4,5) of one or more columns (2) comprises the catalyst and is also a zone for heating the first fluid both by the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the from step iii), using one or more heat exchangers, and by one or more external heating means.
- the external heating means or means are for example chosen from electrical resistors and heating means by combustion of dihydrogen.
- the catalyst of heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) consists of or contains one or more catalysts based on copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, or ruthenium.
- the catalyst of heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) is a fixed-bed catalyst, or a catalyst deposited on the surface of said zone (5).
- the heterogeneous catalysis zone (5) consists of or comprises a fixed bed of catalyst, or said catalyst deposited on all or part of its surface(s).
- the section of the first column(s) (2) has an area ranging from 0.5 mm 2 to 10 cm 2 .
- the invention relates to a process for manufacturing the device as defined herein, in which the heat exchanger(s) (9) are obtained by 3D printing.
- the invention also relates to a method of manufacturing the device as defined above, comprising a step of manufacturing the heat exchanger(s) (9) by 3D printing.
- the elements of the device other than the heat exchanger(s) (9) can be manufactured by any technique well known to those skilled in the art.
- the 3D printing is 3D printing by selective laser sintering (SLS), by selective laser melting (SLM), by electron beam melting (EBM), or by binder sputtering (BJ) .
- SLS selective laser sintering
- SLM selective laser melting
- EBM electron beam melting
- BJ binder sputtering
- the invention relates to the use of a device as defined previously for preparing by catalytic reaction a second fluid from a first fluid, source of said second fluid.
- This use can in particular take place on board a vehicle, in particular when the second fluid is dihydrogen.
- the device according to the invention is then said to be embedded.
- first fluid discharged from the second fluid can in particular be recharged with dihydrogen according to techniques well known to those skilled in the art, for example using dihydrogen produced by electrolysis of water.
- This first fluid discharged from the second fluid can also be stored, once it has left the device of the invention, in an adiabatic storage means, before recharging.
- the invention relates to a method for preparing a second fluid from a first fluid, source of said second fluid, by at least one generally endothermic chemical reaction, comprising:
- step iii a step of converting said first fluid by said chemical reaction, in contact with a heterogeneous catalyst, to obtain said second fluid as well as the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, at a temperature TD lower than the temperature Te;
- step iii a step for recovering the second fluid obtained in step iii); the partial or complete heating of step i) being carried out with the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the end of step iii), as a heat source, using one or more heat exchangers.
- the method according to the invention is a method in which step i) and step ii) are combined, so as to constitute a step of heating the first fluid from a temperature TA to a temperature Te, the heating being carried out with as heat source at the same time:
- the method according to the invention comprises:
- step iv a step of recovering the second fluid obtained in step iii) via the outlet (10) of said second fluid, and the first fluid discharged from the second fluid via one or more second columns (7); the partial or complete heating of step i) being carried out with as heat source the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at Tissue from step iii) in a zone (8) of the second column or columns (7), using one or more heat exchangers (9).
- the method according to the invention is a method in which step i) and step ii) are combined, so as to constitute a step of heating the first fluid from a temperature TA to a temperature Te in a zone (3,4) of one or more columns (2) communicating with at least one inlet (1) of the first fluid, the heating being carried out with as heat source both: - the first fluid discharged from the second fluid obtained at the end of step iii), using one or more heat exchangers; and
- the first fluid is a liquid or a gas, in particular a liquid
- the second fluid is a gas
- the first discharged fluid is a liquid
- the second fluid preferably being dihydrogen
- the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-carrying liquid (LOHC), and the second fluid being dihydrogen.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid chosen from dibenzyltoluene (DBT), AZ-ethylcarbazolc (NEC), l,2-dihydro-l,2-azaborine (AB), acid formic (FA), naphthalene (NAP), toluene (TOL), acetophenone perhydrogens.
- DBT dibenzyltoluene
- NEC AZ-ethylcarbazolc
- AB l,2-dihydro-l,2-azaborine
- FA acid formic
- NAP naphthalene
- TOL toluene
- acetophenone perhydrogens acetophenone perhydrogens
- the first fluid is a gas
- the second fluid is dihydrogen
- the first discharged fluid is a liquid.
- 1-cyclohexylethanol whose boiling point is 190°C
- acetophenone boiling point 200°C
- the temperature TD is approximately 195°C.
- the invention relates to a method in which the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-carrying liquid (LOHC) and the second fluid is dihydrogen, and in which said dihydrogen is obtained at a flow rate of 1 at 50000 g.min -1 , in particular from 1 to 50 g.min -1 or from 1000 to 50000 g. min 1 , more particularly about 20 or about 20,000 g.min 1 .
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- the invention relates to a method in which the first fluid is an organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC) and the second fluid is dihydrogen, and in which the enthalpy of the chemical reaction of the stage iii) is greater than or equal to 10 kJ.mol ⁇ 1 , in particular comprised from 10 to 120 kJ.mol ⁇ 1 , more particularly approximately 60 kJ.mol 1 .
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carrier
- the invention relates to a method in which the first fluid is an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) and the second fluid is dihydrogen, and in which the temperature TA is in particular the ambient temperature, the temperature TB is between 200 and 300°C, upper limit excluded, in particular around 284°C, the temperature Te is between 300 and 375°C, in particular around 350°C, the temperature TD is between from room temperature to 100°C, in particular about 69°C.
- the first fluid is a liquid or a gas
- the second fluid is a gas
- the first discharged fluid is a gas.
- the first fluid being in particular NH3, and the second fluid being dihydrogen, and the first fluid discharged from dinitrogen.
- the first fluid being in particular methanol, and the second fluid being dihydrogen, and the first fluid discharged carbon dioxide.
- the first fluid is a gas
- the second fluid is a liquid
- the catalyst consists of or contains one or more catalysts based on copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, or ruthenium.
- the catalyst is a fixed-bed catalyst, or a catalyst deposited on the surface of the zone where step iii takes place), for example the catalysis zone of one or more columns.
- the invention also relates to a device for implementing the method as defined above.
- the invention relates to an organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC) of formula (I) below: where: n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carrier
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- Ia organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group.
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- the compounds of formula (I) and (la) preferably have a volumetric density of hydrogen varying from 50 g/L to 70 g/L and/or a mass content of hydrogen varying from 6% to 6.5%.
- volumetric density is calculated for 1 liter of hydrogenated vector by the formula (1): zg ⁇ mass H2 released by the hydrogenated LOHC (g)
- X is a perhydrogenated aryl group, X being in particular a cyclohexyl group.
- X is a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, X being chosen in particular from the piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl and hexahydropyridazinyl groups.
- n 0, 1 or 2.
- Ri is H or methyl
- the invention relates to an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid in which: Ri is H;
- Ri is a group Y;
- X is a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1 to C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups; and/or n is 1, 2, 3 or 4.
- the hydrogen-bearing organic liquid according to the invention is chosen from 1-cyclohexylethanol, cyclohexylmethanol, (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol, dicyclohexylcarbinol, and 3-cyclohexylpropanol-l-ol.
- the hydrogen-bearing organic liquid according to the invention is not 1-cyclohexylethanol.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I) below, as organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC): x ⁇ k- OH
- n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- the invention also relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (la) below, as an organic liquid hydrogen carrier (LOHC): in which : n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4;
- LOHC organic liquid hydrogen carrier
- R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group.
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular methyl, O-alkyl groups linear or branched C1 to C4, in particular O-methyl, the groups -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, in particular the group -N(Me)2.
- the invention relates to the use of at least one compound of formula (I) or (Ia), as LOHC for the transport and storage of hydrogen.
- the invention also relates to a pair of a hydrogenated organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) and a dehydrogenated LOHC, the hydrogenated LOHC being of the following formula (I), and the dehydrogenated LOHC being of formula (II): where: n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups; R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group,
- X is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group X', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group Y', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1 to C4 O-alkyl groups, groups - NRaRb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- X' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- the invention also relates to a couple of a hydrogenated organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) and a dehydrogenated LOHC, the hydrogenated LOHC being of the following formula (Ia), and the dehydrogenated LOHC being of formula (IIa): x « OH
- R1 is H, a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, or a Y group,
- X is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group X', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group Y', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- R'i is Ri, when Ri is H or a linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl group; or a group Y',
- X' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- the compounds of formula (I) and (Ia) and/or of formula (II) and (IIa) have in particular the advantage of being able to be, essentially, biosourced.
- one of the routes to obtain these compounds may relate to the processing of lignin.
- This treatment can be by oxidation (J. Zakzesk and al., Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3552-3599), by thermolysis (J. Zakzesk and al., Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 3552-3599, M. P. Pandey and al., Chem. Eng. Technol. 2011, 34, No. 1, 29-41) or by enzymatic synthesis (R. Rahmanpour and al., Current Opinion in Chemical Biology 2015, 29:10-17).
- cinnamaldehyde This product is a major component present in the essential oil of Cassia and/or cinnamon, bark and leaf (Dayan Tao and al., J. For. Res. 27, 707-717 (2016); IN Jardim and al. , J Pest Sci 91, 479-487 (2016), Y. Shih and al., Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2013, 14, 19186-19201). It is also possible to obtain this compound by enzymatic synthesis of L-phenylalanine, a proteinogenic amino acid (Bang et al., Microb Cell Fact (2016) 15:16, J.-Q.
- the cinnamaldehyde thus obtained can for example be used to synthesize benzaldehyde (US4673766A, US4727058A). Cinnamic acid, resulting from the oxidation of cinnamaldehyde, can lead to acetophenone by enzymatic action of Mucor-type fungi (Zuohui Zhang et al., World J Microbiol Biotechnol (2011) 27:2133-2137).
- the compounds of formula (I) or (Ia), hydrogenated are capable of being dehydrogenated to produce, in addition to the corresponding compounds of formula (II) or (IIa), hydrogen.
- the compounds of formula (II) or (IIa), dehydrogenated, are in turn capable of regenerating by catalytic hydrogenation the corresponding compounds of formula (I) or (Ia), according to the invention.
- the pair according to the invention is chosen from the following pairs:
- the pair according to the invention is not the 1-Cyclohexylethanol/Acetophenone pair.
- the invention also relates to a process for generating hydrogen comprising at least one stage of catalytic dehydrogenation of an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) of formula (I) or (Ia) as defined above .
- LOHC organic hydrogen-bearing liquid
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in the presence of one or more catalysts based on copper, platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, or nickel.
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in a reactor, in particular in a reactor comprising the catalyst in a fixed bed.
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in a reactor of the batch, semi-batch or continuous type.
- the compound (I) according to the invention is preheated to the reaction temperature, and in particular injected into a reactor. At the outlet of the reactor, the liquids produced are separated from the hydrogen by gas/liquid separation.
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out at a temperature comprised from 80 to 320° C., and/or at a pressure comprised from 0.8 to 2 bar.
- the process according to the present invention comprises a first stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Mn, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn, Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, then a second stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, nickel, or mixtures thereof.
- said first dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn, Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, and their mixtures, in particular Cu.
- catalysts chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn, Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, and their mixtures, in particular Cu.
- the said catalyst(s) are in particular those on oxides, in particular metal oxides, in particular of Ce, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Zn, V, Cr, Sn, Ti, Si, and mixtures thereof, more particularly ternary or quaternary oxides ; on ores such as hydrolactite or hydroxyapatite; on sulfur compounds; on boron nitride, in particular hexagonal (hBN); or on a carbon support, for example graphene (reduced or not) or activated carbon (C).
- Homogeneous catalysts clamps based on Ru, Rh, Ir, Fe, Mn can also be grafted onto metal oxides and serve as catalysts for the reaction.
- the said catalyst or catalysts are on SiCl, Al2O3, MgO, ZrO2, ZnO, CeCl, TiCh, C, or hBN.
- said first dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from catalysts based on copper or nickel, for example catalysts Cu/ZnO/AhOs/MgC), Cu/CeO 2 , Cu/ZrO 2 , Cu/MgO, Ni/Al 2 O 3 , Cu/C, and Cu/hBN.
- said second dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from catalysts based on platinum, palladium, ruthenium, or nickel.
- the said catalyst(s) are in particular those on oxides, in particular metal oxides, in particular of Ce, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Zn, V, Cr, Sn, Ti, Si, and mixtures thereof, more particularly ternary or quaternary oxides ; on ores such as hydrolactite or hydroxyapatite; on sulfur compounds; on boron nitride, in particular hexagonal (hBN); or on a carbon support, for example graphene (reduced or not) or activated carbon (C).
- oxides in particular metal oxides, in particular of Ce, Al, Zn, Mg, Zr, Zn, V, Cr, Sn, Ti, Si, and mixtures thereof, more particularly ternary or quaternary oxides ; on ores such as hydrolactite or hydroxyapatite; on sulfur compounds; on boron nitride, in particular hexagonal (hBN); or on a carbon support, for example graphene (reduced or not) or
- said second dehydrogenation step in the presence of one or more catalysts chosen from the catalysts Pt/Al 2 O 3 , Pd/Al 2 O 3 , Pt/C, Pt/CeO 2 , Pt/MgO, Pt/ZrO 2 , RU/A1 2 O 3 , Pd/C, Ru/C, Pt/hBN , and Ni/Al 2 O 3 .
- the at least one dehydrogenation step is carried out in the presence of a base, in particular an alkali metal hydroxide, more particularly NaOH, LiOH or KOH.
- a base in particular an alkali metal hydroxide, more particularly NaOH, LiOH or KOH.
- the dehydrogenation is in particular carried out in a single step, in particular in the presence of one or more catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Rh, Mn, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, and/or Re, in particular Cu, and one or more catalysts based on platinum, palladium, iridium, rhodium, or ruthenium.
- the invention also relates to a method for regenerating a compound of formula (I) or (Ia) from a compound of formula (II) or (IIa) as defined above, the process comprising a stage of catalytic hydrogenation of said compound of formula (II) or (IIa).
- This step can be carried out: in the presence of a mixture of catalysts, comprising: o a catalyst chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, and/or Mo, in particular supported on metal oxides such as SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, ZrO 2 , ZnO, CeO 2 , FeOx and/or graphite; and clamp homogeneous catalysts based on Ru, Pd, Pt, Au, Ir, Fe, Rh, in particular grafted onto metal oxides; and o A catalyst based on Pt, Pd, Ni, Ru, Rh, Ir, in particular supported on metal oxides such as SiO 2 , A1 2 O 3 or on graphite; in the presence of a catalyst based on Pt or Ni-Cr.
- a catalyst chosen from catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Pt, Au, Ni, and/or Mo in particular supported on metal oxides
- said compound of formula (II) or (IIa) is preheated within a reactor, to a temperature which can vary from 100° C. to 260° C., then mixed with hydrogen at the reaction pressure and the The whole is injected into a fixed bed reactor, loaded with catalyst.
- the hydrogen and the compound of formula (II) or (IIa) can also be fed directly separately into the reactor.
- the energy released by the reaction in the form of heat can be advantageously used to preheat the reactants.
- the liquids produced are separated from the unreacted hydrogen by a gas/liquid separation.
- the processes can be operated in batch or semi-batch reactors or even continuously in “slurry”, “trickle bed”, fluidized bed or fixed bed type reactors.
- the hydrogenation reaction is carried out at a temperature varying from 100 to 300°C, preferably from 100 to 260°C.
- the pressure can vary from 10 to 280 bar (or 1 to 28 MPa).
- the pressure/temperature couple can be adjusted according to the nature of the dehydrogenated LOHC/hydrogenated LOHC couple.
- the choice of catalyst is generally made taking into account the nature of the dehydrogenated LOHC/hydrogenated LOHC pair considered.
- the invention relates to a method for transporting and/or storing hydrogen, characterized in that it uses at least one compound of formula (I) or (Ia) as defined above.
- the compounds of formula (I) or (la) according to the invention can be used in particular in devices for converting electrochemical energy or by combustion or in hydrogenation processes as a renewable source of hydrogen or even as fuel.
- the present invention relates to the use, in particular in devices for converting electrochemical energy or by combustion, of at least one compound of formula (I) or (Ia) according to the invention.
- the compound of formula (I) or (Ia) can be transported and stored to the place of use of the hydrogen, then converted by dehydrogenation into a compound of formula (II) or (IIa) and into hydrogen.
- the hydrogen produced can then be used as a reagent in an industrial process (hydrodesulfurization, hydrogenation of various compounds, recovery of CO2 in gaseous or liquid fuels, etc.).
- the hydrogen produced can also be used as a carbon-free energy carrier either by combustion or by supplying an electrochemical energy conversion device.
- liquid properties of these organic compounds make them good candidates for use as fuels for heat engines or electrochemical energy conversion devices.
- the LOHC can be stored in order to be subsequently discharged in exchange for a hydrogenated LOHC in accordance with the invention.
- the invention also relates to the following points.
- Hydrogen-bearing organic liquid (LOHC) of formula (I) below:
- n is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- X and Y are independently a perhydrogenated aryl group or a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched O-alkyl groups C1 to C4, the groups -NR has Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- X is a perhydrogenated aryl group, X being in particular a cyclohexyl group;
- X is a perhydrogenated heteroaryl group, X being chosen in particular from piperidinyl, piperazinyl, hexahydropyrimidinyl and hexahydropyridazinyl groups.
- Ri is H or methyl.
- Hydrogen-bearing organic liquid as defined previously which is chosen from 1-cyclohexylethanol, cyclohexylmethanol, (4-methylcyclohexyl)methanol, dicyclohexylcarbinol, and 3-cyclohexylpropanol-1-ol.
- n 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; at least one of the carbons being optionally substituted with a R group, independently selected from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyls and Y groups;
- X is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group X', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NRaRb groups, with R a and Rb independently chosen from linear or branched C 1 to C 4 alkyl groups;
- Y is the perhydrogen counterpart of the aryl or heteroaryl group Y', optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb groups, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- X' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently chosen from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups;
- Y' is an aryl or heteroaryl group, said group being optionally substituted by at least one R2 group, independently selected from linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl groups, linear or branched C1-C4 O-alkyl groups, -NR a Rb, with R a and Rb independently selected from linear or branched C1 to C4 alkyl groups.
- Process for generating hydrogen comprising at least one stage of catalytic dehydrogenation of an organic hydrogen-bearing liquid (LOHC) of formula (I) as defined previously.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-bearing liquid
- Process as defined above comprising a first stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on Ni, Co, Cu, Ru, Ag, Pd, Ir, Zr, Mo, W, Cr, Fe, Mn , Re, and their mixtures, in particular Cu, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni, Ag, and their mixtures, in particular of copper, then a second stage of dehydrogenation in the presence of one or more catalysts based on platinum, palladium , iridium, rhodium, ruthenium, or nickel.
- the term "about” refers to an interval of values within ⁇ 10% of a specific value.
- the expression “about 20” includes values of 20 ⁇ 10%, i.e. values of 18 to 22.
- the percentages refer to percentages by mass with respect to the total mass of the formulation, unless otherwise indicated.
- value ranges in the form of "x-y” or “from x to y” or “between x and y” include the x and y bounds as well as the integers between these bounds.
- “1-5”, or “from 1 to 5" or “between 1 and 5" designates the integers 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.
- Preferred embodiments include each integer taken individually in the range of values, as well as any sub-combination of these integers.
- preferred values for "1-5" may include the integers 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 2-3, 2 -4, 2-5, etc.
- fluid in particular a liquid or a gas.
- source of the second fluid is meant in particular a chemical compound being the starting product of the catalytic reaction producing the second fluid as well as the first fluid discharged from the second fluid.
- an element A communicating with an element B we mean in particular an element A linked to an element B by any means suitable for the circulation of the fluid, for example liquid or gas, between the element A and the element B.
- catalysis zone in particular a zone in which is present the catalyst necessary for the catalytic reaction producing the second fluid as well as the first fluid discharged from the second fluid.
- alkyl denotes a straight or branched chain, in particular straight, alkyl group having the number of carbon atoms indicated before said term, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, etc.
- C1-C4 alkyl designates an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. The same is true for the term “alkane”.
- arene means a mono- or bicyclic, substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon ring system having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in the ring. Examples include benzene and naphthalene. Preferred arenes include unsubstituted or substituted benzene and naphthalene. Included in the definition of "arene” are fused ring systems, including, for example, ring systems in which an aromatic ring is fused to a cycloalkyl ring. Examples of such fused ring systems include, for example, indan, indene and tetrahydronaphthalene.
- heteroene means a ring aromatic system containing 5 to 10 carbon atoms in which one or more ring carbon atoms are replaced by at least one heteroatom such as -O-, -N - or -S-, in particular -N- and/or -O-.
- heteroarenes examples include pyrrole, furan, thiophene, pyrazole, imidazole, thiazole, isothiazole, isoxazole, oxazole, oxathiol, oxadiazole, triazole, oxatriazole, furazan, tetrazole, pyridine, pyrazine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, triazine, indole, isoindole, indazole, benzofuran, isobenzofuran, purine, quinazoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, benzoimidazole, benzothiazole, benzothiophene, thianaphthene, benzoxazole, benzisoxazole, cinnoline, phthalazine, naphthyridine and quinoxaline.
- fused ring systems including, for example, ring systems in which an aromatic ring is fused to a heterocycloalkyl ring.
- fused ring systems include, for example, phthalamide, phthalic anhydride, indoline, isoindoline, tetrahydroisoquinoline, chromane, isochromane, chromene and isochromene.
- Figure 1 shows an example of a device according to the invention.
- the device comprising an inlet (1) of the first fluid communicating with the first column (2).
- This first column (2) includes:
- the first column (2) communicates with the outlet (6) of the second fluid and the second column (7), here combined.
- the separation of the second fluid and the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, optional, is not shown in Figure 1.
- the second column (7) comprises a zone (8) comprising one or more heat exchangers (9), not shown here, serving as a heat source for the zone (3) for heating the first fluid of the first column (2).
- the second column (7) communicates with the outlet (10) of the first fluid discharged from the second fluid, here merged with the outlet (6) of the second fluid, as mentioned previously.
- Example 1 A system was considered operating with perhydrogenated DBT (di-benzyl toluene) as organic hydrogen-carrying liquid (LOHC), and a target tk flow rate of 20 g/min.
- LOHC organic hydrogen-carrying liquid
- the H2 mass loading rate is 6.2%, thus the flow rate of loaded LOHC required is 323 g/min.
- the system related parameters are as follows:
- the use of the device according to the invention therefore makes it possible to heat the LOHC without external energy input from 20° C. to 284° C., thus making it possible to save 2.2 kW of heat out of the 12.6 kW necessary to discharge the Eh of the LOHC, a substantial gain of 17%.
- Example 2 hydrogenated LOHCs of the invention
- the compounds according to the invention have in particular a mass hydrogen storage content of between 4 and 8% relative to their total weight. They are thus able to generate, by catalytic dehydrogenation, hydrogen contents by mass and by volume that are satisfactory or even higher than those generated by certain conventional LOHCs.
- Example 3 Two-step dehydrogenation of a compound of formula (I) according to the invention
- the 2-step dehydrogenation is carried out as follows:
- 1-Cyclohexylethanol is first selectively converted to acetylcyclohexane through a Cu/ZnO/AhCL/MgO catalyst, then acetylcyclohexane is converted to acetophenone through a Pt/C catalyst.
- reaction conditions are collated in the following table:
- reaction conditions are collated in the following table:
- the two-step approach makes it possible to ensure the selectivity of the reaction: blocking of the formation of impurities, in particular after 14 min of retention.
- the one-step dehydrogenation of 1-Cylohexylethanol to Acetophenone was also carried out, under the conditions indicated below:
- Partial and total dehydrogenation can be obtained.
- Several impurities are present and only 4 could be identified by GCMS: ethylbenzene, ethylcyclohexane, 1,3-Dicyclohexylbutane and 1,3-Diphenylbutane are present.
- the one-step approach does not make it possible to ensure the selectivity of the reaction: there is formation of numerous impurities after 14 min of retention.
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FR2011024A FR3115590B1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 | 2020-10-28 | Dispositif pour la preparation d’un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur |
FR2108372A FR3125812A1 (fr) | 2021-07-30 | 2021-07-30 | Nouveaux liquides organiques porteurs d'hydrogene, leurs utilisations pour le transport et le stockage d’hydrogene, et les procedes de generation d’hydrogene les utilisant |
PCT/EP2021/079890 WO2022090345A1 (fr) | 2020-10-28 | 2021-10-27 | Dispositif pour la preparation d'un fluide par reaction catalytique comprenant un recuperateur |
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DE102022207659A1 (de) | 2022-07-26 | 2024-02-01 | Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Wasserstoffspeichersystem sowie Verwendung eines derartigen Wasserstoffspeichersystems zur katalytischen Hydrierung und/oder zur katalytischen Dehydrierung |
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US3179500A (en) * | 1961-04-24 | 1965-04-20 | Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc | Hydrogen generation and purification system |
US3186872A (en) * | 1962-02-12 | 1965-06-01 | Ewing Bland | Continuous gas concentration cell energy conversion |
JPS6172995A (ja) * | 1984-09-17 | 1986-04-15 | Tokyo Daigaku | 熱エネルギ−の高次利用方法 |
US4567033A (en) * | 1984-10-25 | 1986-01-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Low-energy method for freeing chemically bound hydrogen |
US4727058A (en) | 1985-09-26 | 1988-02-23 | International Flavors & Fragrances Inc. | Process for preparing natural benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde, natural benzaldehyde and acetaldehyde compositions, products produced thereby and organoleptic utilities therefor |
US4673766A (en) | 1986-04-25 | 1987-06-16 | Mallinckrodt, Inc. | Method of producing benzaldehyde |
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