EP4230839A1 - Tunnel construction - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a tunnel structure (2) with an inner shell (24) extending in a longitudinal direction (10) with an open base (14) and a longitudinal mountain water drainage (40), the inner shell (24) being successive in the longitudinal direction (10). arranged and abutting inner shell sections (26), wherein the inner shell sections (26) each have a base segment (28) on both sides with respect to the longitudinal direction and, resting thereon, a one-part or multi-part vault segment (30) that arcuately delimits a tunnel interior (54), the mountain water drainage (40) is arranged on a side of the base segment (28) facing away from the tunnel interior (54) and thus on the mountain side, with inspection openings (50) being spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (10) by several inner shell sections (26) starting from the tunnel interior (54). of the mountain water drainage system (40), characterized in that an inspection space (52) delimiting the respective inspection opening (50) is located within an outer U-shaped envelope surface (38) of the inner shell (24) of the tunnel structure ( 2) is arranged or at least projects outwards by at most 5 cm beyond the enveloping surface (38), in that a recess (56, 58) is formed in the base segment (28) and in a lower region of the arch segment (30) to form the inspection space (54) and that a moisture-resistant housing component (66) is cast into the base segment (28) and/or the arch segment (30) to form the respective inspection opening (50) and to delimit the respective inspection space (52) and that the housing component (66) a rear wall (68, 88), which forms a closure of the respective inner shell section to the outside, has two side walls (70, 72) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (10) and a top wall (74) and downwards in the direction of the mountain water drainage (40) is open and has a housing access opening (76) which is open or can be opened and closed towards the tunnel interior (54), which can be closed and opened by means of one or more slides or flaps (78) or doors or covers and is accessible from the tunnel interior (54). and that the housing component (66) is designed with anchor elements (80) that can be gripped behind, which protrude into the material of the base segment and/or the arch segment (30) and are also cast.

Description

The invention relates to a tunnel structure with an inner shell extending in a longitudinal direction with an open base and a longitudinal mountain water drainage system, the inner shell comprising inner shell sections arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction and lying against one another, the inner shell sections each having a base segment on both sides with respect to the longitudinal direction and a base segment resting thereon a tunnel interior arcuately delimiting one-part or multi-part vault segment, in one part made of in-situ concrete or in several parts made of prefabricated concrete parts, wherein the Mountain water drainage is arranged on a side of the base segment facing away from the tunnel interior and thus on the mountain side, with inspection openings spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction being provided by several inner shell sections, starting from the tunnel interior to the mountain water drainage.

Starting from the mountain, ie from the excavated gallery or the excavated tunnel opening, a tunnel structure typically includes a layer of shotcrete which is assigned to the structure or temporarily to the mountain for the construction period and which forms an outer shell. This is followed radially inward by a sealing system that is about 5 cm thick, for example. The sealing system can include, for example, a studded membrane, a water-permeable fleece membrane, optionally a water-impermeable plastic layer, but also particularly water-permeable materials, in particular bulk materials, which are only subsequently introduced into a remaining annular gap. The sealing system serves on the one hand as a mountain water barrier radially inwards and on the other hand as a drainage for mountain water penetrating from the outside through the shotcrete layer downwards in the direction of the mountain water drainage. It then forms the transition to the inner shell made of in-situ concrete or precast concrete parts. Water coming from the mountain should in any case be drained down outside of the inner shell and then via the mountain water drainage system so that it cannot get through the inner shell sections, which are preferably sealed off from one another, or through the bottom, which is open at the bottom, into the interior of the tunnel.

These inspection openings to the mountain water drainage are arranged at a distance of about 100 m from each other in the longitudinal direction, i.e. every 100 m access to the external mountain water drainage is possible for inspection and cleaning purposes and measures. Here, it is currently provided that in the area of the respective inspection opening to form an inspection space—often also referred to as a flushing or inspection shaft or niche—an expansion of the tunnel profile into the mountain is formed. This expansion of the actual longitudinal opening in the mountain delimiting the tunnel structure then in turn requires expansion, in particular through a layer of shotcrete and the attachment of an inner shell, which requires the necessary formwork elements on site in the tunnel opening.

The formation and production of reinforced respective inspection rooms is already complex and time-consuming and material-intensive in the construction of a new tunnel. Since an increasing number of existing tunnel structures now need to be renewed and expanded - some tunnel structures are well over 100 years old - these measures are even more complex, since the renewal of the tunnel structure is often accompanied by an opening expansion, with the measures during ongoing operation outside of a must take place radially inner driving area for trains. This means that the radially available construction space outside the driving area is extremely limited anyway and requires the use of portal-like special machines that are located in the gap between the driving area and the tunnel structure or mountain.

DE 2 019 775 A proposes a tunnel structure with a single concrete shell and external mountain water drainage, with boreholes being drilled into the mountain at different angles from longitudinally successive points in order to serve to drain the mountain and thereby reduce the water pressure on the single concrete shell. In the area of these points, from which the boreholes start, the concrete shell is recessed so that water drainage shafts are left free or formed there. These recesses in the concrete lining for draining off the drainage water also allow the drill holes to be checked or inspected. These recesses are therefore open towards the mountain and can only be covered towards the inside of the tunnel. Accessibility to the mountain water drainage is not mentioned.

The object of the present invention is to be able to construct or renovate tunnel structures of the type mentioned at the outset in a less time-consuming and cost-effective manner than has been the case up to now.

This object is achieved by a tunnel structure with the features of claim 1.

It is therefore proposed according to the invention that an inspection space does not extend outwards into the mountain transversely to the longitudinal direction. In this way, no additional cross-section change has to be made when driving the tunnel opening to form the inspection space. There are no additional excavations and accordingly no additional safety measures and no additional effort for the formwork and reinforcement of the tunnel gallery. It just has to have a recess in the base segment or the inspection space that corresponds to it in the base segment and additionally in a lower area of the vault segment resting on it. In the latter case, when the recess in the base segment merges into a further recess in the vault segment resting on it, the inspection space is higher overall; it is therefore more easily accessible and larger overall, which can prove to be advantageous when bringing in inspection or cleaning equipment.

The inspection space is thus shifted to a certain extent from the area outside the outer enveloping surface of the inner shells into the area of the relevant inner shell section, in that a corresponding recess is formed there in the material of the inner shell section. If the inspection space protrudes slightly, i.e. at most 5 cm, beyond the actual inner shell, it is still included in this protruding area in a gap to the sprayed concrete layer that then adjoins to the outside, so that the formation of the components outside the inner shell and in particular the shotcrete layer in the area of the inspection room does not need to be changed. In particular, the cross-section and the formation of the tunnel gallery remain completely unaffected.

If a respective base segment and/or the arch segment(s) is/are produced on site from in-situ concrete, only a recess body designed according to the inspection opening has to be introduced into the standard formwork of the base segment or arch segment in order to keep the inspection space free and thus form it. This inspection room then allows direct access to the mountain water drainage from the inside of the tunnel. Another advantage can be seen in the fact that an inspection opening for mountain water drainage no longer needs to be formed using a very heavy cover, which rests on the bottom side above the drainage and must first be removed at great expense for access, but the inspection opening or the inspection room can be made in a simple manner be closed or opened by means of flaps, doors or sliders.

As already mentioned, the mountain water drainage is arranged on a side of the bottom segment facing away from the interior of the tunnel. It is further proposed that the mountain water drainage is arranged in a transition area of the bottom segment between the bottom and the mountain wall, in that the bottom segment is freely formed there in order to form a longitudinally extending receiving space for the mountain water drainage and its components. This has the advantage that the mountain water drainage can be arranged as deep as possible and is then very effectively protected by the arrangement in a freely formed area of the base segment by the base segment itself from mountain movements and from forces that trigger deformation.

It is also proposed that the inspection openings be arranged at a distance in the longitudinal direction of at least 60 m, in particular at least 80 m, in particular at least 90 m and more particularly at most 140 m, in particular at most 120 m, in particular at most 110 m.

Typical longitudinal extensions of the inner shell sections are around 10 to 15 meters for in-situ concrete construction and 1.5 to 2 meters when using precast concrete parts.

When the inner shell sections are designed as precast concrete components, the inspection spaces are cut out during the manufacture of the precast concrete parts, so that the inspection space is introduced into the tunnel opening in a fully realized manner in the form of a correspondingly cut out base segment and/or vault segment, namely an elm segment.

According to the invention, it is further proposed that a moisture-resistant housing component is cast in to form the respective inspection opening and to delimit the respective inspection space. This housing component is preferably made of steel, but other materials, such as plastic-based materials, can also be used.

It proves advantageous here if the housing component has a sealing profile which extends along the transition to the material of the inner shell section and which is preferably also cast in order to prevent water ingress between the housing component and the inner shell section.

It is further proposed according to the invention that the housing component is designed with anchor elements that can be gripped behind, which protrude into the material of the arch segment and/or the base segment and are also cast. In this way, a highly stable connection can be achieved between the housing component and the relevant inner shell segment.

It is further proposed according to the invention that the housing component has a rear wall, two in the longitudinal direction having spaced apart side walls and a top wall and opening downwardly toward the tailwater drainage and having a housing access opening open to the interior of the tunnel. The housing component is therefore open inwards towards the interior of the tunnel and downwards towards the mountain water drainage, so that access to the mountain water drainage can be gained from the interior of the tunnel. In this embodiment, the rear wall of the housing component forms a closure of the respective inner shell segment to the outside. This ensures that bulk materials or fillers provided outside the inner shell segments, which are arranged outside the inner shell sections, i.e. between the outside of the inner shell sections and the surrounding mountain or tunnel or a layer of shotcrete applied there, as so-called annular gap filling, cannot enter the inspection space from outside penetrate and clog the mountain water drainage. It is further proposed that the housing component and the closure to the outside brought about thereby should preferably be designed to be essentially liquid-tight.

It is also proposed that the housing component has a closable and openable housing access opening, which can be closed and opened preferably watertight by means of one or more slides or flaps or doors or slip-on lids and optionally additional sealing materials and is accessible from the interior of the tunnel. In this way, slides or flaps, doors or lids that can be opened and closed easily replace the previously cumbersome measures of taking off an extreme heavy cover in the flush or revision niche projecting outwards.

As already mentioned, the inner shell segments can be made of in-situ concrete. On the other hand, it also proves to be advantageous if the bottom segments and/or the arch segment(s) are formed from prefabricated concrete parts that were produced outside of the tunnel structure and then introduced into a tunnel opening and brought into their intended assembly position. The production of the base segments and vault segments in the form of prefabricated concrete parts has the advantage that the parts have to be produced outside the tunnel opening and thus not under cramped conditions and using formwork technology made of in-situ concrete. They can then be brought to the place of use on specially designed devices that are moved outside of the train's area and positioned there as intended.

It also proves to be advantageous if the arch segment comprises an elm segment on both sides resting on the respective base segment and one or more arch segments adjoining it in the circumferential direction and in particular an upper ridge segment.

With regard to handling within the mountain opening, it is advantageous if the precast concrete parts are designed with threaded sleeves and threaded rods that can be screwed into them for positioning and aligning the precast concrete parts within the tunnel opening and with respect to the inner shell sections already installed there. In particular, this proves to be advantageous for sole segments where the one and unscrewable threaded rods are used for positioning and alignment in relation to the ground floor.

It can also prove to be advantageous if the precast concrete parts are designed with cast-in threaded sleeves or cast-in dowels, into which anchor elements with heads that can be gripped behind can be screwed in and out, so that the anchor elements with their heads that can be gripped behind can be positioned protruding over an outer surface, so that they can be grasped as a transport aid and form a means of holding, introducing and positioning the precast concrete elements within the tunnel opening.

In a further development of this inventive idea, it proves to be advantageous if the precast concrete parts are designed with open-surface recesses around the threaded sleeves or dowels, so that the head of the anchor elements that can be gripped behind can be accommodated therein by screwing in the anchor elements so that it does not protrude beyond the outer envelope surface of the precast concrete part.

It also proves to be advantageous if the precast concrete parts have recesses, in particular conical recesses, starting from the inside and extending into the precast concrete part, which form starting points for holding, inserting and positioning the precast concrete parts inside the tunnel opening and/or for subsequent breaking through to the outside are designed to inject backfill compound onto the uphill side of the inner shell. In special cases, this backfilling compound can be porous concrete, for example, which is placed in the space between the inner shell segments and the outer shell is filled in the form of shotcrete sprayed against the mountain face.

The arch segments of different inner shell sections, which are designed in particular as precast concrete parts, rest against one another in their intended assembly position via axial end faces, i.e. end faces oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction. It proves to be advantageous if the arch segments as precast concrete parts in their intended assembly position bear against one another via axial end faces, i.e. end faces oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction, and preferably via one or more, in particular band-shaped, sealing element(s) extending along the curved end face ( e) are sealed.

It also proves to be advantageous if the arch segments comprise a circumferential, in particular band-shaped, sealing element which extends continuously over both axial end faces and preferably over both edge sides running in the longitudinal direction. In this way, adjacent arch segments are in contact with one another via two sealing elements (one from each arch segment). It proves to be advantageous here if the sealing elements in the sealing surface are not next to each other but on top of each other, ie form a package.

It has also proven to be advantageous if the inner shell sections, in particular the vault segments, as precast concrete parts, have tongue and groove elements or pins/recesses on their axial faces, ie faces oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction, or securing elements that come into a clamping connection, in particular Have pin/dowel elements, so that arch segments lying against one another in the longitudinal direction are secured against displacement transversely to the longitudinal direction and preferably also in the longitudinal direction.

It is also advantageous if the sole segments of an inner shell section engage with the sole segments of an adjacent inner shell section in the longitudinal direction and transversely to the longitudinal direction and partially overlap one another, so that the positioning of the sole segments on one another is facilitated.

It also proves to be advantageous if screw connections with dowels cast or inserted in the other part are used to fix the arch segments of an inner shell section that lie against one another in the circumferential direction.

It also proves to be advantageous if the tunnel structure includes a shotcrete layer outside of the inner shell sections, which can be applied to an inner surface of the tunnel gallery and which forms an outer shell of the tunnel structure.

It also proves to be advantageous if the tunnel structure outside the inner shell sections and in particular between the inner shell sections and a shotcrete layer, which can be applied to an inner surface of the tunnel gallery and which forms an outer shell of the tunnel structure, has a dimpled membrane as a water-draining membrane and/or a fleece membrane and / or bulk or fillers, in particular pearl gravel, drainage mortar or annular gap mortar

1. 1. Tunnelbauwerk (2) mit einer in einer Längsrichtung (10) erstreckten Innenschale (24) mit einer offenen Sohle (14) und einer längs laufenden Bergwasserdrainage (40), wobei die Innenschale (24) in der Längsrichtung (10) aufeinanderfolgend angeordnete und gegeneinander anliegende Innenschalenabschnitte (26) umfasst, wobei die Innenschalenabschnitte (26) jeweils beidseits bezüglich der Längsrichtung ein Sohlsegment (28) und darauf ruhend ein einen Tunnelinnenraum (54) bogenförmig begrenzendes ein- oder mehrteiliges Gewölbesegment (30) umfasst, wobei die Bergwasserdrainage (40) auf einer dem Tunnelinnenraum (54) abgewandten Seite des Sohlsegments (28) und damit bergseitig angeordnet ist, wobei durch mehrere Innenschalenabschnitte (26) in der Längsrichtung (10) voneinander beabstandet Revisionsöffnungen (50) ausgehend von dem Tunnelinnenraum (54) zu der Bergwasserdrainage (40) vorhanden sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein die jeweilige Revisionsöffnung (50) begrenzender Revisionsraum (52) innerhalb einer äußeren U-förmigen und in der Längsrichtung (10) gleichförmigen Hüllfläche (38) der Innenschale (24) des Tunnelbauwerks (2) angeordnet ist oder jedenfalls höchstens 5 cm über die Hüllfläche (38) nach außen vorsteht, indem zur Bildung des Revisionsraums (54) eine Ausnehmung (56) in dem Sohlsegment (28) oder eine Ausnehmung (56) in dem Sohlsegment (28) und zusätzlich eine Ausnehmung (58) in einem unteren Bereich des Gewölbesegments (30) ausgebildet ist.
2. 2. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach Ziffer 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Bergwasserdrainage (40) in einem Übergangsbereich (36) des Sohlsegments (28) zwischen Sohle (14) und Bergwand angeordnet ist, indem das Sohlsegment (28) dort freigeformt ist, um einen in der Längsrichtung (10) erstreckten Aufnahmeraum für die Bergwasserdrainage (40) und deren Komponenten zu bilden.
3. 3. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach Ziffer 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Revisionsöffnungen (50) im Abstand in der Längsrichtung (10) von wenigstens 60 m, insbesondere wenigstens 80 m, insbesondere von wenigstens 90 m und weiter insbesondere von höchstens 140 m, insbesondere von höchstens 120 m insbesondere von höchstens 110 m angeordnet sind.
4. 4. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach Ziffer 1, 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Bildung der jeweiligen Revisionsöffnung (50) und zur Begrenzung des jeweiligen Revisionsraums (52) ein feuchtigkeitsbeständiges Gehäusebauteil (66) in das Sohlsegment (28) und/oder das Gewölbesegment (30) eingesetzt und vorzugsweise eingegossen ist.
5. 5. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach einem oder mehreren der vorstehenden Ziffern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäusebauteil (66) mit hintergreifbaren Ankerelementen (80) ausgebildet ist, welche in das Material des Sohlsegments (28) und/oder des Gewölbesegments (30) einragen und insbesondere miteingegossen sind.
6. 6. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach Ziffer 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäusebauteil (66) eine hintere Wand (68), zwei in der Längsrichtung (10) voneinander beabstandete Seitenwände (70, 72) und eine obere Wand (74) aufweist und nach unten in Richtung auf die Bergwasserdrainage (40) offen ist und eine zum Tunnelinnenraum (54) hin offene Gehäusezugangsöffnung (76) aufweist.
7. 7. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach Ziffer 5 oder 6 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gehäusebauteil (66) eine verschließbare und öffenbare Gehäusezugangsöffnung (76) aufweist, welche mittels eines oder mehrerer Schieber oder Klappen (78) oder Türen oder Deckel und gegebenenfalls zusätzlicher Dichtmaterialien vorzugsweise wasserdicht verschließbar und öffenbar und vom Tunnelinnenraum (54) her zugänglich ist.
8. 8. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach einer der vorstehenden Ziffern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es außerhalb der Innenschalenabschnitte (26) eine Spritzbetonschicht (8) umfasst, die auf eine innere Oberfläche des Tunnelstollens (6) aufgebracht sein kann und die eine Außenschale des Tunnelbauwerks bildet.
9. 9. Tunnelbauwerk (2) nach einer der vorstehenden Ziffern, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es außerhalb der Innenschalenabschnitte (26) und insbesondere zwischen den Innenschalenabschnitten (26) und einer Spritzbetonschicht (8), die auf eine innere Oberfläche des Tunnelstollens (6) aufgebracht sein kann und die eine Außenschale des Tunnelbauwerks bildet, eine Noppenbahn als wasserableitende Bahn und/oder eine Vliesbahn und/oder Schütt- oder Füllstoffe, insbesondere Perlkies, Drainmörtel oder Ringspaltmörtel, umfasst.

A tunnel structure is also considered to be according to the invention, which is designed according to the following numbers:

1. 1. Tunnel structure (2) with an inner shell (24) extending in a longitudinal direction (10) with an open base (14) and a longitudinal mountain water drainage (40), the inner shell (24) being arranged in succession in the longitudinal direction (10) and inner shell sections (26) lying against one another, wherein the inner shell sections (26) each have a bottom segment (28) on both sides with respect to the longitudinal direction and, resting thereon, a one-part or multi-part arch segment (30) which arcuately delimits a tunnel interior (54), the mountain water drainage (40 ) is arranged on a side of the bottom segment (28) facing away from the tunnel interior (54) and thus on the mountain side, with inspection openings (50) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (10) through a plurality of inner shell sections (26) starting from the tunnel interior (54) to the mountain water drainage (40) are present, characterized in that an inspection space (52) delimiting the respective inspection opening (50) within an outer U-shaped envelope surface (38) of the inner shell (24) of the tunnel structure (2) which is uniform in the longitudinal direction (10) is arranged or at least protrudes outwards by at most 5 cm beyond the enveloping surface (38), in that, to form the inspection space (54), a recess (56) in the base segment (28) or a recess (56) in the base segment (28) and additionally a recess (58) is formed in a lower region of the arch segment (30).
2. 2. Tunnel structure (2) according to number 1, characterized in that the mountain water drainage (40) is arranged in a transition area (36) of the base segment (28) between the base (14) and the mountain wall, in that the base segment (28) is freely formed there, to form a receiving space extending in the longitudinal direction (10) for the mountain water drainage system (40) and its components.
3. 3. Tunnel structure (2) according to number 1 or 2, characterized in that the inspection openings (50) are spaced apart in the longitudinal direction (10) by at least 60 m, in particular at least 80 m, in particular at least 90 m and more particularly at most 140 m, in particular no more than 120 m, in particular no more than 110 m.
4. 4. Tunnel structure (2) according to number 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that to form the respective inspection opening (50) and to delimit the respective inspection space (52), a moisture-resistant housing component (66) is inserted into the base segment (28) and/or the arch segment (30) is inserted and preferably cast.
5. 5. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the above paragraphs, characterized in that the housing component (66) is designed with anchor elements (80) that can be gripped behind and protrude into the material of the base segment (28) and/or the arch segment (30). and in particular are also cast.
6. 6. Tunnel structure (2) according to paragraph 5, characterized in that the housing component (66) has a rear wall (68), two in has side walls (70, 72) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (10) and a top wall (74) and is open downwards in the direction of the mountain water drainage (40) and has a housing access opening (76) open towards the tunnel interior (54).
7. 7. Tunnel structure (2) according to item 5 or 6, characterized in that the housing component (66) has a closable and openable housing access opening (76) which can be opened by means of one or more slides or flaps (78) or doors or covers and, if necessary, additional sealing materials can be closed and opened watertight and is accessible from the interior of the tunnel (54).
8. 8. Tunnel construction (2) according to one of the above numbers, characterized in that it comprises a shotcrete layer (8) outside of the inner shell sections (26), which can be applied to an inner surface of the tunnel gallery (6) and which forms an outer shell of the tunnel construction .
9. 9. Tunnel structure (2) according to one of the above numbers, characterized in that it is outside of the inner shell sections (26) and in particular between the inner shell sections (26) and a shotcrete layer (8) applied to an inner surface of the tunnel gallery (6). and which forms an outer shell of the tunnel structure, comprises a dimpled sheet as a water-draining sheet and/or a fleece sheet and/or bulk materials or fillers, in particular pearl gravel, drainage mortar or annular gap mortar.

Further features, details and advantages of the invention result from the appended patent claims and from the drawing and the following description of a preferred embodiment of the tunnel structure according to the invention.

Figur 1

eine Querschnittsansicht einer Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelbauwerks mit einer außen liegenden Bergwasserdrainage;

Figur 2

eine Figur 1 entsprechende Schnittansicht des erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelbauwerks im Bereich beidseitiger Revisionsöffnungen zu der Bergwasserdrainage;

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines die Revisionsöffnung begrenzenden Innenschalenabschnitts des erfindungsgemäßen Tunnelbauwerks;

Figur 4

eine Innenabwicklung mehrerer in der Längsrichtung des Tunnelbauwerks nebeneinander angeordneter Innenschalenabschnitte, wobei einer der Innenschalenabschnitte beidseits je eine Revisionsöffnung beinhaltet;

Figur 5

einen Teil der Figur 3 in vergrößerter Darstellung;

Figur 6

eine Stirnansicht des Teils gemäß Figur 5 und Figuren

7 und 8

zwei perspektivische Ansichten eines in einen Innenschalenabschnitt eingießbaren Gehäusebauteils zur Begrenzung der Revisionsöffnung.

In the drawing shows:

figure 1

a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a tunnel structure according to the invention with an external mountain water drainage;

figure 2

one figure 1 corresponding sectional view of the tunnel structure according to the invention in the area of inspection openings on both sides for the mountain water drainage;

figure 3

a perspective view of the inspection opening delimiting inner shell portion of the tunnel structure according to the invention;

figure 4

an interior development of a plurality of inner shell sections arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel structure, one of the inner shell sections containing an inspection opening on both sides;

figure 5

a part of figure 3 in an enlarged view;

figure 6

an end view of the part according to FIG figure 5 and figures

7 and 8

two perspective views of a housing component that can be cast into an inner shell section to limit the inspection opening.

The figures 1 and 2 show a tunnel structure 2 according to the invention in a mountain 4 or some other type of terrain. For this purpose, a tunnel 6 is formed in the mountain 4 or other terrain, in particular by driving in the course of new construction or in the course of renovation and dismantling of an existing tunnel structure combined with an expansion and new construction of the tunnel gallery for the new tunnel structure.

Typically, a layer 8 of shotcrete is applied to the inner surface of the tunnel gallery 6, which reinforces the entire arch-forming surface of the tunnel gallery 6 on the inside. It extends to a certain extent closed in a plane in the drawing figure 1 orthogonal longitudinal direction 10 and along a circumferential direction 12 or arch direction up to a respective base 14 of the tunnel gallery 6 or up to a base layer already applied there. This layer 8 of shotcrete is therefore intimately connected to the mountain 6 or other earth material and forms, so to speak, an outer shell 16 of the tunnel structure 2 that belongs more to the mountain. On the inside, this layer 8 of shotcrete is typically followed by a gap measuring, for example, 5 cm in the thickness direction 18 for receiving a water-conducting sheet 20, in particular a knobbed sheet, and a fleece sheet adjoining it on the mountain side. Additional layers or bulk materials or fillers 22 can be introduced at a later point in time as annular gap filling be, for example pearl gravel or a drain mortar, or annular gap mortar or other. An inner shell 24 made up of a large number of inner shell sections 26 adjoining one another in the longitudinal direction 10 then adjoins inwards. Each inner shell section 26 comprises a base segment 28 on both sides and adjoining arch segments 30 which extend in the circumferential direction 12 and rest on it, which are formed from prefabricated concrete parts in the example and preferably illustrated case, i.e. are not made from in-situ concrete on site, which would also be conceivable in principle . The three arch segments 30 shown are two lower elm segments 32 supported directly on the respective base segment 28 and a ridge segment 34 arranged in the upper crest of the tunnel structure.

On both sides outside of the base segment 28, in a transition area 36 between base 14 and layer 8 of shotcrete or tunnel wall, a mountain water drainage 40 is indicated. The mountain water drainage 40 comprises a drainage pipe 42 extending in the longitudinal direction 10, which in the exemplary and preferred case rests on a base layer 44, in particular made of bedding mortar, for example lean concrete, and is accommodated and surrounded in a gravel filter bed 46. A layer 48 of grouting mortar is also provided between the receiving space for the protruding components of the mountain water drainage system 40 and the base segment 28, which extends from the base 14 to the upper edge of the base segment 28 and forms an additional fixation of the base segment 28 against tilting outwards .

Water seeping in radially inwards from the mountain 4 through the layer 8 of shotcrete, due to the force of gravity, passes through the intermediate space 18 between the layer 8 of shotcrete and the inner shell 24 downwards in the direction of the mountain water drainage system 40 and is discharged from there in the longitudinal direction 10 of the tunnel structure .

In the figure 1 The indicated open floor 14 of the tunnel structure 2 can be formed in a manner known per se with a basic structure, for example consisting of a filling concrete layer and track ballast applied thereto for receiving a railway track. An additional drainage for the longitudinal drainage of the bed can also be laid there, which is internal with respect to the bed segments 28 and which would be accessible via the ballast bed if necessary.

However, since the mountain water drainage 40 runs outside of the inner shell 24 or the sole segment 28, direct accessibility to the mountain water drainage is initially not given there. Therefore, an inspection opening 50 to the mountain water drainage 40 is provided at regular intervals in the longitudinal direction 10 of about 100 meters, for example. This inspection opening 50 is formed and delimited by a three-dimensional inspection space 52, which is accessible from a tunnel interior 54, i.e. from within the inner shell 24, for example to introduce a movable inspection or cleaning device into the drainage pipe 42 of the mountain water drainage 40 and from the respective Revision room 52 to proceed. According to the invention, the inspection opening 50 or the inspection space 52 for the mountain water drainage system 40 is shifted into the installation space of the inner shell 26 or is formed in a respective inner shell section 26, in that, in the case shown as an example, a recess 56 is formed in the base segment 28 and an additional recess 58 adjoining it is formed in the adjacent elm segment 32 . This inspection space 52 in the form of the recesses 56, 58 is formed in a single inner shell section 26, which is shown in a perspective view in FIG figure 3 is shown. It is particularly important that the respective inspection space 52 is arranged according to the invention within an outer U-shaped envelope surface 38 of the inner shell 24 of the tunnel structure 2, i.e. it does not extend outwards transversely to the longitudinal direction 10 via the inner shell 24 and therefore no further recess or niche in the tunnel gallery 6 requires.

One recognizes in figure 3 further, the respective base segment 28, the respective elm segment 32 standing on top of it, and the ridge segment 34 connecting the two elm segments 32 to one another in the circumferential direction 12. This illustration also shows that the base segments 28 have a protruding region 60 on one side in the longitudinal direction 10 and on the opposite side have a complementary recessed area 62, wherein the areas do not extend over the entire base height h of the sole segments 28, but only over about half of this base height h. In this way, an overlapping arrangement of sole segments 28 adjoining one another in the longitudinal direction 10 can be produced. The sole segments 28 are thus held in a form-fitting manner relative to one another with regard to the height and also the transverse extension and can thus be positioned better relative to one another.

figure 4 shows an interior development of four inner shell sections 26 abutting one another in the longitudinal direction 10, each comprising two base segments 28, two elm segments 32 and a ridge segment 34 in the middle of the apex. This interior development also shows that the arch segments, i.e. the elm segments 32 and the ridge segment 34 , abut against each other via flank surfaces 64 that are slightly inclined to the longitudinal direction 10 . This slight inclination to the longitudinal direction 10 can be a respective ridge segment 34 in the figure 4 Push in from the right in the longitudinal direction 10 between the two elm profiles 32 that have already been set. Due to the slight inclination of the flank surfaces 64, tilting of the component with respect to the adjacent components can be avoided, and a kind of self-centering is thereby realized, which facilitates the positioning of the components, which is carried out using special devices. As already mentioned, these measures sometimes take place in the gap between a central train space and the layer 8 of shotcrete.

The formation of the inspection opening 52 can be seen in the second inner shell section 26 from the left, specifically in the form of the recess 58 in the elm segment 32.

Next you can see from the figures 5 and 6 and 7 and 8 how the inspection opening 50 and the inspection space 52 are designed and manufactured. figures 7 and 8th namely show a moisture-resistant housing component 66, preferably made of steel, in the closed ( figure 7 ) and for an access open state ( figure 8 ). The housing component 66 comprises a rear wall 68, two side walls 70, 72 spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction 10 and a top wall 74.

Front end edges of the side walls 70, 72 and the top wall 74 form an opening which can be opened and closed by two pivoting flaps or doors 78 which are pivoted to the side walls 70, 72. The components of the housing component 66 described so far are cast into the elm segment 32 to form the recess 58 which forms the inspection space 52 . In order to be able to anchor the housing component 66 stably in the material of the elm segment 32, anchor elements 80 with a head 82 that can be gripped from behind extend from the rear wall 68 and from the side walls 70, 72, which are then used when the housing component 66 is cast in or cast around during the manufacture of the Elm segment 32 are cast with and thus offer a non-detachable anchoring for the housing component 66. Furthermore, in the transition area between the side walls 70, 72 and the top wall 74 towards the rear wall 68, a sealing profile 84 can be seen, for example an elastomer sealing profile, which is also cast in. It includes, for example, a lamellar or bellows-like shape, so that a labyrinthine seal can be achieved.

The figures 7 and 8th show a further rear wall 88 of the housing component 66 separated by a dividing line 86, for example in the form of a flat plate, which is not cast into the elm segment 32 but into the base segment 28 located underneath and has corresponding anchor elements 80.

The figures 5 and 6 show as an enlarged representation of figure 3 and in another end view, a base segment 28 and a portion of an elm segment 32 resting thereon with the cast-in housing component 66. By inlaying of the housing component 66, in such a way that in the relevant side wall segment 32 the interior space delimited by the housing component 66 is not filled with concrete but forms the downwardly open recess 58 in the side wall segment 32, which merges into the recess 56 located underneath in the base segment 28, the inspection space 52 is limited. The recess 56 opens out freely at the bottom and thus grants access to the mountain water drainage 40 arranged in the transition area 36 of the base 14 and the mountain wall.

However, you can tell figures 5 and 6 that the sole segments 28 have threaded rods 90 which can be screwed in and which can be screwed to a greater or lesser extent into cast-in threaded sleeves which are not shown in detail. In this way, the base segments 28 can be positioned or aligned with respect to the base 14 or the base of the tunnel gallery 6 and with respect to base segments 28 adjoining inner shell sections 26 on both sides. For final fixation, the base segment 28 is lined with a grout, which can be subsequently filled through, for example, vertically extending filling openings 92 in the base segment 28, so that a stable foundation for the base segment 28 can be formed in the corresponding intended orientation.

Next is the best way to tell figure 6 , as the elm segment 32 rests on the sole segment 28. The elm segment 32 has two projecting contact surfaces 94 for pressure transmission and downward support, between which a groove 96 is formed. At this point, the base segment 28 has a spring-shaped projection 98 which is designed to be complementary thereto and which engages in the groove 96 . It but other configurations of the force-transmitting contact surfaces between the segments would also be conceivable. A further groove 99 is shown running in the longitudinal direction 10 in both force-transmitting contact surfaces, into which a sealing element (not shown), in particular made of elastomer material, can be inserted in order to prevent water from penetrating between the elm segment 32 and the base segment 28.

It should also be pointed out that a respective arch segment 30, i.e. the elm segments 32 and the ridge segment 34, can each have elastomer sealing elements (not shown) that run completely around their end faces 100 running orthogonally to the longitudinal direction 10 and on their contact surfaces 102 running essentially in the longitudinal direction. so that abutting segments are always sealed against each other by two such sealing elements. In any case, it proves to be advantageous if all the segments of the inner shell 24 are sealed off from one another in such a way that no water can penetrate radially inwards from the outside.

Furthermore, it is best recognized by the Figures 1 to 3 that in the circumferential direction 12 against each other abutting arch segments 30 are fixed in their intended assembly position on screw connections 104 against each other. It can also be seen that in the case of the arch segments 30, recesses 108 starting from the inside and extending into the precast concrete part are provided, preferably in the form of conical recesses. These form starting points for holding, introducing and positioning the precast concrete parts within the tunnel opening 54. They are also in case shown by way of example for subsequent breaking through radially outwards in order to inject backfilling compound onto the mountain side of the inner shell 26 .
The figures also indicate that all precast concrete parts are designed with cast-in threaded sleeves or cast-in dowels 110, into which anchor elements (not shown) with heads that can be gripped from behind can be screwed in and out, so that these anchor elements with their heads that can be gripped from behind protrude beyond an outer surface of the precast concrete parts or the inner shell segments are positioned so that they can be grasped as a transport aid for the relevant segment or precast concrete element. They can then be screwed in again. To this end, open-surface recesses 112 are formed around the dowels and screw-in anchors to receive the heads of the anchor elements therein so that they do not protrude outwards when not in use.

Next is from the Figures 1 to 3 It can be seen that the arch segments 30 have pins/recesses 114, in particular pin/dowel elements, on their axial end faces, which pins engage in a complementary recess in the respective other component. In this way, too, the positioning and non-displaceable arrangement of the components relative to one another can be supported.

Claims (15)

Tunnel structure (2) with an inner shell (24) extending in a longitudinal direction (10) with an open floor (14) and a longitudinal mountain water drainage (40), the inner shell (24) being arranged one after the other in the longitudinal direction (10) and lying against one another Inner shell sections (26), wherein the inner shell sections (26) each have a base segment (28) on both sides with respect to the longitudinal direction and, resting thereon, a one-part or multi-part arch segment (30) that arcuately delimits a tunnel interior (54), the mountain water drainage (40) on on a side of the bottom segment (28) facing away from the tunnel interior (54) and thus on the mountain side, with inspection openings (50) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (10) through a number of inner shell sections (26) starting from the tunnel interior (54) to the mountain water drainage system (40 ) are present , characterized in that an inspection space (52) delimiting the respective inspection opening (50) is arranged within an outer U-shaped envelope surface (38) of the inner shell (24) of the tunnel structure (2) which is uniform in the longitudinal direction (10). or protrudes at most 5 cm outwards beyond the enveloping surface (38), in that a recess (56, 58) is formed in the base segment (28) and in a lower area of the arch segment (30) to form the inspection space (54) and that to form the respective inspection opening (50) and to limit the respective inspection space (52) a moisture-resistant housing component (66) is cast into the sole segment (28) and/or the arch segment (30) and that the housing component (66) has a rear wall (68, 88) which forms a closure of the respective inner shell section to the outside , has two side walls (70, 72) spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (10) and an upper wall (74) and is open downwards in the direction of the mountain water drainage (40) and one that is open or openable and closable towards the tunnel interior (54). has a housing access opening (76) which can be closed and opened by means of one or more slides or flaps (78) or doors or covers and is accessible from the tunnel interior (54),
and that the housing component (66) is designed with anchor elements (80) that can be gripped behind, which protrude into the material of the base segment and/or the arch segment (30) and are also cast. Tunnel structure (2) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the mountain water drainage (40) is arranged in a transition area (36) of the base segment (28) between the base (14) and the mountain wall, in that the base segment (28) is freely formed there in order to in the longitudinal direction (10) to form extended receiving space for the mountain water drainage (40) and its components. Tunnel structure (2) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the inspection openings (50) at a distance in the longitudinal direction (10) of at least 60 m, in particular at least 80 m, in particular at least 90 m and more particularly of at most 140 m, in particular at most 120 m, in particular at most 110 m. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor segments (28) and/or the arch segment or segments (30) are formed from precast concrete parts which were produced outside of the tunnel structure (2) and then placed in a tunnel opening placed and placed in their intended installation position. Tunnel structure (2) according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the precast concrete parts are designed with threaded sleeves and threaded rods (90) that can be screwed into them for positioning and aligning the precast concrete parts within the tunnel opening and with respect to the inner shell sections (26) already installed there. Tunnel structure (2) according to Claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that the precast concrete parts are formed with cast-in threaded sleeves (110) or cast-in dowels, into which anchor elements with heads that can be gripped from behind can be screwed in and out, so that the anchor elements with their heads that can be gripped from behind can have an outer surface are positioned above, so that they can be grasped as a transport aid and form a means for holding, introducing and positioning the precast concrete parts within the tunnel opening. Tunnel structure (2) according to claim 6, characterized in that the precast concrete parts with open-surface recesses (112) around the Threaded sleeves (110) or dowels are formed around them, so that the head of the anchor elements, which can be gripped behind, can be accommodated therein so that it does not protrude beyond the outer envelope surface of the precast concrete part. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding Claims 4-7, characterized in that the precast concrete parts have recesses (108), in particular conical recesses (108), starting from the inside and extending into the precast concrete part, the starting points for holding, Form the introduction and positioning of the precast concrete parts within the tunnel opening and/or are designed for the subsequent breakthrough to the outside in order to inject backfilling compound onto the mountain side of the inner shell. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding Claims 4-8, characterized in that the arch segments (30) as prefabricated concrete parts in their intended assembly position bear against one another via axial end faces (100), i.e. oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction, and preferably via one or a plurality of sealing element(s), in particular band-shaped sealing element(s), extending along the arcuate end face. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims 4-9, characterized in that the arch segments (30) comprise a circumferential, in particular band-shaped, sealing element which extends over both axial end faces (100) and preferably is continuously extended over both edge sides running in the longitudinal direction. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims 4-10, characterized in that the inner shell sections (26), in particular the arch segments (30), as prefabricated concrete parts on their axial end faces (100), i.e. oriented transversely to the longitudinal direction (10), , tongue/groove elements or pins/recesses (114) or securing elements, in particular pin/dowel elements, which get into a clamping-locking holding connection, so that arch segments (30) lying against one another in the longitudinal direction (10) are prevented from shifting transversely to the longitudinal direction (10) and preferably are also secured in the longitudinal direction (10). Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the floor segments (28) of an inner shell section (26) are connected to the floor segments (28) of an adjacent inner shell section (26) in the longitudinal direction (10) and transversely to the longitudinal direction (10 ) engage in one another and partially overlap one another, so that the positionability of the sole segments (28) on one another is facilitated. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that for fixing in the circumferential direction (12) abutting arch segments (30) of an inner shell section (26) screw connections (104), is used in particular with cast or inserted dowels in the other part. Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that outside of the inner shell sections (26) it comprises a shotcrete layer (8) which can be applied to an inner surface of the tunnel gallery (6) and which forms an outer shell of the tunnel structure . Tunnel structure (2) according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is outside the inner shell sections (26) and in particular between the inner shell sections (26) and a shotcrete layer (8) applied to an inner surface of the tunnel gallery (6). and which forms an outer shell of the tunnel structure, comprises a dimpled sheet as a water-draining sheet and/or a fleece sheet and/or bulk materials or fillers, in particular pearl gravel, drainage mortar or annular gap mortar.

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