EP1091088A2 - Tunnel drainage system - Google Patents

Abstract

Plastics parts and moldings of other material include a drainage pipe (2) parallel to the tunnel wall and a subtended floorplate fixed to the tunnel floor. The wall part facing into the tunnel stands upright on the floorplate to reach above the pipe between wall part and tunnel wall proper. Wall part and pipe are spaced by more than filter gravel diameter and the respective plastics parts come joined or can be joined to one another. Wall part and floorplate present a prefabricated molding with holders to place the pipe which in turn has slots or openings of at least 4 mm width. The interval between wall part and tunnel wall is packed with gravel (1) to wall part level.

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the protection of tunnels against mountain water.

State of the art

1.) Sichern des Tunnels durch Spritzbeton (11)

2.) Herstellen des Unterbetons (12) als Sauberkeitsschicht

3.) Herstellen der Sohlplatte (15) mit einbetoniertem Anschlußband (16) und daran angeschweißtem Anschlußlappen (17) für die Abdichtung

4.) Verlegen des Drainagerohres (2)

5.) Einbau von Filterbeton (18)

6.) Einbau der Abdichtung aus Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (7, KDB), die am unteren Rand vermittels des Anschlußlappens (17) mit dem Anschlußband (16) verschweißt werden

7.) Herstellung des Gewölbebetons (19)

It is known to create tunnel longitudinal drainage devices on the tunnel wall somewhat below the driving level in order to collect and discharge mountain water which presses into the tunnel from outside the tunnel shell, in order to thereby avoid damage to the tunnel material.
For this purpose, slotted drainage pipes are usually embedded in concrete with their lower part and the upper part is covered with aerated concrete, which is permeable to water.
The drainage line running at the base of a tunnel vault is usually installed as follows (see FIG. 4, prior art):

1.) Secure the tunnel with shotcrete (11)

2.) Manufacture of the sub-concrete (12) as a layer of cleanliness

3.) Manufacture of the base plate (15) with a concreted connection band (16) and welded connection tabs (17) for the seal

4.) Laying the drainage pipe (2)

5.) Installation of filter concrete (18)

6.) Installation of the seal from plastic sealing sheets (7, KDB), which are welded to the connecting strip (16) at the lower edge by means of the connecting tab (17)

7.) Production of the vaulted concrete (19)

• Das Einbetonieren des Anschlußbandes und dessen spätere Verbindung mit der Abdichtung ist aufwendig
• Das Einbringen und Profilieren des Filterbetons ist aufwendig
• Das Verlegen und Befestigen der Abdichtung über dem Filterbeton und das genaue Ablängen der Bahnen für den Anschluß an das einbetonierte Anschlußband sind aufwendig
• Der zementhaltige Filterbeton gefährdet bereits bei seinem Einbau die spätere Wirksamkeit des Drainagerohres, indem die Zementsuspension in die Drainageschlitze eindringt und diese verschließt
• Der Zementgehalt des Filterbetons wird später durch das hindurchsickernde Wasser gelöst und danach in den Schlitzen des Drainagerohres oder im Drainagerohr selbst wieder als Kalk abgelagert. Neben dem eventuell sowieso im Bergwasser gelösten Kalk und dem Kalk im Spritzbeton ist dies eine weitere, aber vermeidbare, Ursache für schädliche Kalkabscheidungen.

This design has the following disadvantages:

• The concreting of the connecting tape and its later connection with the seal is complex
• The introduction and profiling of the filter concrete is complex
• The laying and fastening of the seal over the filter concrete and the exact cutting to length of the tracks for the connection to the concreted-in connection tape are complex
• The cement-containing filter concrete already jeopardizes the later effectiveness of the drain pipe when it is installed, as the cement suspension penetrates into the drainage slots and closes them
• The cement content of the filter concrete is later dissolved by the seeping water and then deposited again as lime in the slots of the drainage pipe or in the drainage pipe itself. In addition to the lime that may be dissolved in the mountain water anyway and the lime in shotcrete, this is another, but avoidable, cause of harmful lime deposits.

The functionality of drainage is usually determined by regular Rinsing ensured (time and cost intensive)

DE 295 00 454 U 1 in turn is a longitudinal tunnel drainage device known in the clogging of the drainage pipes through suction lines is remedied.

Object of the invention

The object of the invention is to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages, and to create a longitudinal tunnel drainage in a simple way, that there is a high level of security against clogging without any additional aids.

Presentation of the invention

The object is achieved by the features specified in the characterizing part of claim 1.
It is essential to use a coarse-slotted or coarse-perforated pipe (about 5 to 6 mm wide slots or holes) which is covered with gravel. In order to limit the amount of gravel at the same time, a plastic wall is set up parallel to the pipe and standing approximately vertically, which has approximately the height of the layer of gravel. The distance between the pipe and this plastic wall is so large that the gravel can fall between the pipe and the wall when filling the gravel layer.
In order to increase the laying speed and accuracy, the pipe is connected to the wall part via a plastic base plate.
The connections between the tube, base plate and wall part can be fixed, z. B. in which the parts are subsequently welded to one another, or are already produced as one piece during manufacture in the extrusion process. The drainage according to the invention can then be laid as a whole and then only filled with gravel.

However, it is also possible to produce the parts of tube, base plate and wall part or the combinations tube + base plate and wall part or, preferably, tube and base plate + wall part separately and only releasably or firmly connected to one another during installation in the tunnel. A detachable connection can e.g. B. done by recesses in one part, are inserted into the matching counterparts of the other part.
The drainage devices according to the invention is preferably in lengths suitable for hand, ie z. B. 4 to 8 meters, manufactured and then has at their longitudinal ends connecting pieces that allow the individual pieces to be subsequently connected to each other in the tunnel. For this purpose, the individual connecting pieces preferably overlap one another.
It is also preferred to glue or weld the overlapping pieces and thereby seal them.

• Die Abdichtung wird ohne Abwinkelung an der Spritzbetonsicherung heruntergeführt. Auf eine exakte Ablängung kommt es nicht an
• Ersatz des Filterbetons durch Kies ohne Zementzusatz, Verzicht auf die obere Abschrägung
• Das Einbetonieren eines Anschlußbandes entfällt. Auf den dichten Anschluß der Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen an die Sohlplatte wird verzichtet. Der einzige Zweck dieses Anschlusses ist die Verhinderung des Zubetonierens des Filterkörpers einschließlich Drainagerohres bei der Herstellung des Gewölbes und bei späteren Zementverpressungen zwischen Kunststoffdichtungsbahn und Gewölbe (
  
  Firstspaltverpressung"). Dieser Zweck kann auch auf andere Weise erreicht werden, z. B. durch Abdecken des Filterkörpers mit einem gegen Zementsuspension dichten Vlies
• Da der Filterkörper oben nicht abgeschrägt mit steiler Flanke auslaufen muß, um eine zu schroffe Abwinkelung der Abdichtung zu vermeiden, ist ein Einbau des Filterkieses durch einfaches Einschütten hinter eine Schalung ausreichend
• Diese Schalung wird als stranggepreßtes (extrudiertes) winkelförmiges Kunststoffteil durch Schußbolzen auf dem Unterbeton befestigt. Dies geschieht am besten nach dem Verlegen der Abdichtung.
• Nach dem Aufstellen der Schalung wird das Drainagerohr lagegenau eingebaut und auftriebsicher befestigt
• Dann wird der Filterkies eingefüllt, leicht verdichtet und an der Oberfläche geglättet
• Der Filterkies wird mit einem Vliesstreifen abgedeckt, dessen unterer Rand auf der zur Tunnelachse gewandten Seite des Schalungselementes mit Klebeband befestigt wird. Möglich ist auch ein Einklemmen unter den Fuß des Schalungselementes
• Der obere Rand des Vliesstreifens wird circa eineinhalb Meter über den Filterkörper hochgeführt und dort durch Anschweißen oder Ankleben befestigt
• Jetzt wird die Sohlplatte betoniert, wobei das zuvor zur Begrenzung des Filterkörpers verwendete Schalungselement wiederum als Schalung dient. Das Schalungselement ist verloren und verbleibt in der Sohlkonstruktion. Der Beton wird um ca. 0,3 Meter über die Oberkante des Schalungselementes eingefüllt, er wird dabei durch das auf dem Filterkörper liegende bzw. vor der Abdichtung und Spritzbetonschale hängende Vlies begrenzt. Der über dem Filterkörper liegende Teil der Sohlplatte ist - ebenso wie der darüber befindliche Randbereich des Gewölbes - statisch nicht wirksam, er stellt lediglich die Wiederverfüllung des für den Drainageeinbau erforderlichen Mehrausbruchs des Tunnelquerschnitts dar
• Beim Betonieren des Gewölbes wird das Vlies durch den Betondruck gegen die Abdichtung gepreßt. Dadurch werden mögliche Wege für Injektionsgut bei der Firstspaltverpressung zuverlässig verschlossen, selbst wenn sich die obere Befestigung des Vlieses an der Kunststoffdichtungsbahn gelöst haben sollte.

The following version is selected in a special example:

• The seal is brought down to the shotcrete safety device without being bent. Precise cutting to length is not important
• Replacement of the filter concrete with gravel without the addition of cement, no upper bevel
• The concreting of a connecting tape is not necessary. There is no tight connection of the plastic sealing membrane to the base plate. The only purpose of this connection is to prevent the filter body including drainage pipe from being concreted in during the manufacture of the vault and during subsequent cement grouting between the plastic sealing membrane and the vault (
  
  Ridge gap pressing "). This purpose can also be achieved in other ways, for example by covering the filter body with a fleece which is impervious to cement suspension
• Since the filter body does not have to be tapered with a steep flank at the top to prevent the sealing from being bent too abruptly, it is sufficient to simply pour the filter gravel in behind a formwork
• This formwork is fastened to the sub-concrete as an extruded (extruded) angular plastic part using shot bolts. This is best done after laying the waterproofing.
• After setting up the formwork, the drain pipe is installed in the correct position and secured against buoyancy
• Then the filter gravel is filled in, slightly compressed and smoothed on the surface
• The filter gravel is covered with a fleece strip, the lower edge of which is attached to the side of the formwork element facing the tunnel axis with adhesive tape. It is also possible to pinch it under the foot of the formwork element
• The upper edge of the fleece strip is raised about one and a half meters above the filter body and fastened there by welding or gluing
• Now the base plate is concreted, the formwork element previously used to limit the filter body in turn serves as formwork. The formwork element is lost and remains in the base construction. The concrete is poured in by about 0.3 meters above the upper edge of the formwork element, it is limited by the fleece lying on the filter body or hanging in front of the seal and shotcrete shell. The part of the base plate lying above the filter body - like the edge area of the vault above it - is not structurally effective, it merely represents the refilling of the additional excavation of the tunnel cross-section required for drainage installation
• When concreting the vault, the fleece is pressed against the seal by the concrete pressure. This reliably closes possible paths for grouting material during the ridge gap pressing, even if the upper fastening of the fleece on the plastic sealing membrane should have been loosened.

Fig. 1 zeigt als erstes im Querschnitt die Lage relativ zur Tunnelsohle 15 und zur Tunnelwand.

Fig. 2 zeigt im Schnitt detaillierter den Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung. Man sieht, daß das Drainagerohr 2 fast allseitig von Kies 1 umgeben ist. Man erkennt auch ein Kunststoff-Formteil 3, das ein Wandteil und eine Bodenplatte aufweist. Die Bodenplatte wurde bei der Installation der Drainagevorrichtung am darunterliegenden Betonboden befestigt. Das Rohr ist auf der Bodenplatte befestigt (9).
Die Kiesschüttung 1 ist mit einem Geotextil 6 überzogen um zu verhindern, daß Zementschlempe in die Kiesschüttung 1 läuft, wenn nach der Installation der Bergwasserdrainage Beton aufgebracht wird.

Fig. 3 zeigt im Schnitt eine Variante, bei der Bodenplatte und Wandteil als ein Formteil 3 durch Extrusion hergestellt wurden und das Drainagerohr 2 nach Befestigung dieses Formteils 3 in eine passende Ausnehmung desselben hineingedrückt wird. Die Figur stellt aber auch den Fall dar, daß Wandteil und Bodenplatte nur an einer oder mehreren Stellen Halterungen für das Rohr 2 aufweisen, wie sie im Schnitt dargestellt ist, und daß das Rohr 2 zwischen diesen Halterungen frei und ungehalten verläuft und dort dann auch vollständig von Kies umhüllt ist, so daß eine größere Drainageoberfläche zur Verfügung steht.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Bergwasserdrainage nach Stand der Technik.

The figures show an embodiment of the mountain water drainage according to the invention, as is used in a tunnel.

Fig. 1 first shows in cross section the position relative to the tunnel base 15 and the tunnel wall.

Fig. 2 shows in section the structure of the device according to the invention in more detail. It can be seen that the drainage pipe 2 is surrounded on almost all sides by gravel 1. A molded plastic part 3 can also be seen, which has a wall part and a base plate. The floor slab was attached to the concrete floor below when the drainage device was installed. The pipe is attached to the base plate (9).
The gravel fill 1 is covered with a geotextile 6 to prevent cement slurry from running into the gravel fill 1 when concrete is applied after the mountain water drainage has been installed.

Fig. 3 shows in section a variant in which the base plate and wall part were produced as a molded part 3 by extrusion and the drainage pipe 2 is pressed into a suitable recess of the same after fastening this molded part 3. The figure also shows the case where the wall part and the base plate have holders for the tube 2 at only one or more points, as shown in section, and that the tube 2 runs freely and angrily between these holders and then there completely is surrounded by gravel, so that a larger drainage surface is available.

Fig. 4 shows a mountain water drainage according to the prior art.

Legend

1

Filter gravel

2nd

Drainage pipe

3rd

Plastic molding

4th

Longitudinal drainage

5

unbound drainage / base course

6

Geotextile

7

seal

8th

Dimpled sheet (optional)

9

Fastening (dowels)

10th

Sealing support

11

Shotcrete

12th

Under concrete

13

Base course drainage

14

Fire water pipe

15

Sole plate

16

Connecting strap

17th

Connection tabs

18th

Filter concrete

19th

Vaulted concrete

Claims (7)

Mountain water drainage along a tunnel wall,
characterized in that it consists of at least the following plastic parts or molded parts made of other materials: a.) a drainage pipe (2) parallel to the tunnel wall b.) a base plate under the drainage pipe (2), which can be attached to the underlying floor, and c.) a wall part which faces the inside of the tunnel and, approximately perpendicular to the base plate, projects beyond the drainage pipe (2) located between the wall part and the tunnel wall. Device according to claim 1,
characterized in that there is a distance between the wall part and the drainage pipe (2) which is greater than the average diameter of the filter grain. Device according to at least one of claims 1 and 2,
characterized in that the individual plastic parts are connected to one another or can be connected to one another. Device according to claim 3,
characterized in that the base plate and wall part form a finished molded part (3) into which the drainage pipe (2) is inserted via holders. Device according to claim 3,
characterized in that the base plate and wall part form a finished molded part (3) to which the drainage pipe (2) is later glued or welded. Device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5,
characterized in that the drainage pipe (2) has slots or perforations of at least 4 mm in width. Mountain water drainage according to at least one of claims 1 to 6,
characterized in that a device according to at least one of claims 1 to 5 between the tunnel wall and the wall part is filled with gravel (1) up to approximately the height of the wall part.

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