EP4194959B1 - Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst - Google Patents

Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst

Info

Publication number
EP4194959B1
EP4194959B1 EP21213346.6A EP21213346A EP4194959B1 EP 4194959 B1 EP4194959 B1 EP 4194959B1 EP 21213346 A EP21213346 A EP 21213346A EP 4194959 B1 EP4194959 B1 EP 4194959B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
escapement
wheel
escape wheel
impulse
natural
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21213346.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4194959A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Zaugg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
Original Assignee
Montres Breguet SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Priority to EP21213346.6A priority Critical patent/EP4194959B1/de
Priority to JP2022183064A priority patent/JP7397950B2/ja
Priority to US17/988,897 priority patent/US12393164B2/en
Priority to CN202211581608.9A priority patent/CN116256959B/zh
Publication of EP4194959A1 publication Critical patent/EP4194959A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4194959B1 publication Critical patent/EP4194959B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a natural escapement for a clockwork movement, also known as a tangential impulse escapement.
  • the present invention relates more particularly to a natural escapement protected against damage that can be caused by premature triggering of the escapement impulse.
  • Breguet's natural escapement The principle of the natural escapement was devised by Abraham Louis Breguet at the beginning of the 19th century.
  • One of the advantages of Breguet's natural escapement is that it is a free escapement, as the balance wheel is only disturbed by the operation of the escapement for a small fraction of its oscillation.
  • Another advantage of Breguet's natural escapement is that it provides a direct and tangential impulse to the balance wheel at each vibration. In other words, the energy is transferred directly from the escape wheel to the balance wheel, without passing through an anchor. Furthermore, the energy is transmitted only tangentially, so that the friction generated by the operation of this escapement is limited.
  • a natural escapement does not have a lost stroke in its function of maintaining the oscillations of the balance wheel; it delivers a similar impulse at each vibration, in a symmetrical and more uniform manner, so that mechanical energy losses due to lost strokes are eliminated. All these qualities make the natural exhaust potentially one of the most efficient exhausts.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the above-mentioned and other problems by providing a natural escapement for a clockwork movement that is protected against premature triggering.
  • the present invention relates to a natural escapement for a watch movement performing a succession of operating cycles each composed of a first and a second alternation of a balance wheel which comprises a balance wheel on an axis of which a balance wheel plate is adjusted, this natural escapement comprising a first escape wheel provided with at least a first toothing, this first escape wheel, arranged to be driven by a mobile of the clockwork of the clockwork movement, in turn driving a second escapement wheel provided with at least a second toothing, the first and second escapement wheels forming a kinematic chain arranged to cooperate with an anchor capable of pivoting around an anchor stem, the balance wheel bearing a second impulse pallet by which this balance wheel receives a direct and tangential driving impulse from the first escapement wheel during the first alternation, and a first impulse pallet by which this balance wheel receives a direct and tangential driving impulse from the second escapement wheel during the second alternation, the balance wheel also bearing at least a first safety tooth arranged to cooperate with the toothing of one of
  • the invention also relates to a timepiece movement comprising an escapement of the type described above.
  • the present invention provides a natural escapement protected against the damage that can be caused by premature triggering of the impulse.
  • the balance wheel plate with at least one safety tooth arranged so that this safety tooth is engaged in the rotation perimeter of the teeth of the escape wheel set before the corresponding impulse pallet is engaged in this same rotation perimeter of the escape wheel sets, the present invention makes it possible to retain the escape wheel sets when they are not retained by the escapement function and to prevent these escape wheel sets from rotating without control.
  • the present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea which consists of providing the balance wheel of a natural escapement for a watch movement with at least one safety tooth which is arranged so that this safety tooth is engaged with the toothing of one of the escapement wheels when the corresponding impulse pallet carried by the balance wheel is not yet engaged in the rotation perimeter of the toothing of this escapement wheel.
  • the present invention thus makes it possible to retain the escapement wheels when they are not retained by the escapement function and to prevent these escapement wheels from rotating without control, which can cause a loss of the timekeeping function with an unwanted advance, or even, in the most unfavorable cases, a sudden stop after acceleration in the position rest which can cause deterioration of certain components of the mechanism.
  • the natural escapement is arranged to be driven by a wheel of the clockwork movement, for example the seconds wheel 2, which meshes with a pinion 4 fixedly mounted on an axis 6 of a first escapement wheel which, in the example shown in figure 1 , consists of a first escape wheel 8.
  • This first escape wheel 8 in turn meshes via a toothing 10 with a second escape wheel which, in the example shown in the drawing, consists of a second escape wheel 12 which pivots around an axis 14.
  • the natural escapement 1 also comprises a balance 16 which comprises a balance wheel 18 on an axis 20 from which a balance plate 22 is adjusted.
  • This balance plate 22 carries a balance pin 24 as well as a first and a second impulse pallet 26 and 28 whose respective roles will be described below.
  • the natural escapement 1 finally comprises an anchor 30 pivoted around an anchor stem 32 and which carries an output pallet 34 and an input pallet 36. Thanks to these output pallets 34 and input pallets 36 which penetrate into a toothing 38 of the second escape wheel 12, the anchor 30 is able to alternately block and release this second escape wheel 12.
  • the anchor 30 also comprises a fork 40 formed of a first and a second horn 42a and 42b and which carries a pin 44. This pin 44 cooperates with the balance wheel 22 and has the function of preventing accidental movements of the fork 40 outside the periods called the lift angle during which the balance wheel 22 is close to its rest position.
  • the anchor 30 is arranged after the second escape wheel 12, at the output of the kinematic chain formed by the first and second escape wheels 8 and 12.
  • the pivot point of the anchor 30, materialized by the anchor stem 32 is outside the angle ⁇ less than 180° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis 20 of the balance wheel 18 and through the axis 6 of the first escapement wheel 8 for one, and through the axis 20 of the balance wheel 18 and through the axis 14 of the second escapement wheel 12 for the other.
  • the natural escapement 1 is therefore less bulky than the natural escapements of the prior art in which the anchor is usually placed between and above the first and second escapement wheels.
  • the natural escapement 1 is therefore simpler to house in the clockwork movement whose operation it regulates.
  • the arrangement of the anchor 30 at the end of the kinematic chain formed by the first and second escape wheels 8 and 12 makes the watchmaker's interventions less difficult, in particular with regard to measuring and adjusting the depth of penetration of the output pallets 34 and input pallets 36 in the teeth 38 of the second escape wheel 12.
  • the natural escapement 1 is completed by a first and a second stop 46a and 46b which limit the movement of the anchor 30 in pivoting.
  • the second wheel 2 which provides the natural escapement 1 with the energy necessary for its operation rotates counterclockwise.
  • the second wheel 2 therefore tends to rotate the pinion 4 and the first escape wheel 8 on the axis 6 of which the pinion 4 is fixed in the clockwise direction, and the second escape wheel 12 in the counterclockwise direction.
  • An operating cycle of the natural escapement 1 comprises two alternations during which the balance wheel plate 22 will successively go from a first extreme position to a second extreme position passing through a middle rest position, then from its second extreme position to its first extreme position passing through a second times by its middle resting position.
  • the second escape wheel 12 is supported on the output pallet 34 and the natural escapement 1 is blocked by the anchor 30 pressing against the second stop 46b.
  • the pulling angle formed by the tip of the tooth of the second escape wheel 12 pressing on the output pallet 34 provides resistance to the release of the anchor 30 by tending to pivot this anchor 30 counterclockwise against the second stop 46b.
  • This function of pulling the anchor 30 onto the second stop 46b by the second escape wheel 12 during the free part of the alternation of the balance wheel 22 is similar to that of Swiss anchor escapements.
  • the balance wheel 22 then leaves this first extreme position by rotating counterclockwise.
  • the balance wheel 22 At some point during its movement during the first alternation (see Figure 2B ), the balance wheel 22 reaches its middle rest position. Just before reaching this position, the balance wheel 22 comes into contact with its balance pin 24 against the second horn 42b of the fork 40 and causes the anchor 30 to pivot clockwise.
  • the clockwise pivoting of the anchor 30 has the effect of releasing the second escape wheel 12 from its engagement with the output pallet 34, which allows the second wheel set 2 to drive, via the first escape wheel 8, the second escape wheel 12 in the counterclockwise direction (see Figure 2C ).
  • the pivoting of the second escape wheel 12 is again interrupted when, under the effect of the pivoting of the anchor 30, this second escape wheel 12 comes to rest on the entry pallet 36, this position being maintained thanks to the support of the anchor 30 against the first stop 46a (see 2D figure ).
  • the pulling angle formed by the support of the tip of the tooth of the second escape wheel 12 on the entry pallet 36 provides resistance to the release of the anchor 30 tending to pivot this anchor 30 clockwise against the first stop 46a.
  • This function of pulling the anchor 30 onto the first stop 46a by the second escape wheel 12 during the free part of the alternation of the balance wheel 22 is similar to that of Swiss anchor escapements.
  • the first escape wheel 8 also gives a driving impulse to the balance wheel plate 22 via one of its teeth 48 called the impulse tooth which drives the second impulse pallet 28 (see Figure 2C ).
  • This driving impulse is called direct and tangential impulse because it is given directly by the first escape wheel 8 to the balance wheel 22 and the path of the impulse tooth 48 catches up with that of the second impulse pallet 28 of the balance wheel 22 tangentially, which allows almost punctual and frictionless contact.
  • the balance wheel 22 thus moves to its second extreme position in which it is completely moved away from its rest position, which marks the end of the first alternation of operation of the natural escapement 1 (see Figure 2E ).
  • the balance wheel plate 22 returned by the balance spring (not visible in the drawing), begins to rotate clockwise until it comes to abut by its balance pin 24 against the first horn 42a of the fork 40 and causes the anchor 30 to pivot counterclockwise (see Figure 2F ).
  • the counterclockwise pivoting of the anchor 30 has the effect of releasing the second escape wheel 12 from its engagement with the input pallet 36, which allows the second wheel 2 to drive, via the first escape wheel 8, the second escape wheel 12 counterclockwise (see Figure 2G ).
  • the second escape wheel 12 also gives a so-called direct and tangential driving impulse to the balance wheel plate 22 via one of its teeth 50 called the impulse tooth which drives the first impulse pallet 26 (see Figure 2H ).
  • the impulse is so named because it is given directly by the second escape wheel 12 to the balance wheel 22 and the path of the impulse tooth 50 catches up with that of the second impulse pallet 28 of the balance wheel 22 tangentially, which allows for almost point-like contact without friction.
  • the balance wheel 22 thus returns to its first extreme position, which marks the end of an operating cycle of the natural escapement 1 (see Figure 2J ).
  • FIG 3 is a view of the natural escape of the figure 1 with the balance wheel 22 provided with a first and a second safety tooth 52, 54 in accordance with the invention.
  • the natural escapement 1 performs a succession of operating cycles each composed of a first and a second alternation of the balance wheel 16 which comprises a balance wheel 18 on the axis 20 of which the balance wheel 22 is adjusted.
  • This natural escapement 1 comprises a first escape wheel 8 provided with a first toothing 10 and which is arranged to be driven by the second wheel set 2.
  • this first escape wheel 8 drives a second escape wheel 12 provided with a second toothing 38, these first and second escape wheels 8, 12 forming a kinematic chain after which is arranged the anchor 30 capable of pivoting around its anchor stem 32.
  • the balance wheel 22 carries a second impulse pallet 28 by which this balance wheel 22 receives a direct and tangential driving impulse from the first escape wheel 8 during the first alternation, and a first impulse pallet 26 by which this balance wheel 22 receives a direct and tangential driving impulse from the second escape wheel 12 during the second alternation.
  • the balance wheel plate 22 also carries at least one first safety tooth 52 arranged to cooperate with the toothing 10 of the first escape wheel 8, so as to block this first escape wheel 8 when it rotates before the second impulse pallet 28 is within its rotation perimeter.
  • the balance wheel 22 illustrated in the figure 4 carries, in addition to the first safety tooth 52 which is arranged to cooperate with the toothing 10 of the first escape wheel 8, a second safety tooth 54 arranged to engage in the toothing 38 of the second escape wheel 12 before the first impulse pallet 26 is engaged in the rotation perimeter of the first escape wheel 12. This is the case on the figure 4 where we see that only the safety tooth 54 is engaged in the toothing 38 of the second escape wheel 12 and thus ensures the retention of the escape wheels 8, 12.
  • first and/or second safety teeth 52, 54 may be made in one piece with the balance wheel plate 22, or may be attached to this balance wheel plate 22.
  • the present invention also relates to a timepiece movement provided with a natural escapement of the above-described type. It also goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to the particular type of natural escapement which has just been described and that it may be applied to other versions of natural escapements.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Mechanical Operated Clutches (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Natürliche Hemmung (1) für ein Uhrwerk, das eine Abfolge von Funktionszyklen durchführt, die jeweils aus einer ersten und einer zweiten Alternanz einer Unruh (16) bestehen, welche ein Unruhrad (18) auf einer Achse (20) aufweist, auf der eine Unruhscheibe (22) angebracht ist, wobei diese natürliche Hemmung (1) ein erstes Hemmungsrad mit mindestens einer ersten Verzahnung (10) umfasst, das so angeordnet ist, dass es von einem Rad des Räderwerks des Uhrwerks angetrieben wird und wiederum ein zweites Hemmungsrad mit mindestens einer zweiten Verzahnung (38) antreibt, wobei das erste und das zweite Hemmungsrad eine kinematische Kette bilden, die so ausgestaltet ist, dass sie mit einem um eine Ankerwelle (32) schwenkbaren Anker (30) zusammenwirkt, wobei die Unruhscheibe (22) einen zweiten Impulsstein (28) trägt, über den sie bei der ersten Alternanz einen direkten tangentialen Antrieb vom ersten Hemmungsrad empfängt, sowie einen ersten Impulsstein (26), über den sie bei der zweiten Alternanz einen direkten tangentialen Antrieb vom zweiten Hemmungsrad empfängt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruhscheibe (22) außerdem mindestens einen Sicherheitszahn (52, 54) trägt, der so angeordnet ist, dass er mit der Verzahnung (10, 38) des ersten bzw. zweiten Hemmungsrades zusammenwirkt, um dieses erste bzw. zweite Hemmungsrad zu blockieren, wenn es aus dem Eingriff mit dem zweiten Impulsstein (28) bzw. dem ersten Impulsstein (26) austritt, bevor sich der zweite Impulsstein bzw. der erste Impulsstein im jeweiligen Schwenkbereich befindet.
  2. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruhscheibe (22) einen ersten Sicherheitszahn (52) trägt, der so angeordnet ist, dass er mit der Verzahnung (10) des ersten Hemmungsrades zusammenwirkt, und einen zweiten Sicherheitszahn (54), der für die Zusammenarbeit mit der Verzahnung (38) des zweiten Hemmungsrades ausgelegt ist.
  3. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und/oder zweite Sicherheitszahn (52, 54) einstückig mit der Unruhscheibe (22) ausgeführt ist.
  4. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und/oder zweite Sicherheitszahn (52, 54) auf der Unruhscheibe (22) befestigt ist.
  5. Uhrwerk, das eine natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 umfasst.
EP21213346.6A 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst Active EP4194959B1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21213346.6A EP4194959B1 (de) 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst
JP2022183064A JP7397950B2 (ja) 2021-12-09 2022-11-16 時計ムーブメント用のナチュラル脱進機、およびそのような脱進機を備える時計ムーブメント
US17/988,897 US12393164B2 (en) 2021-12-09 2022-11-17 Natural escapement for horological movement and horological movement comprising such an escapement
CN202211581608.9A CN116256959B (zh) 2021-12-09 2022-12-08 用于钟表机芯的自然式擒纵机构和包括这种擒纵机构的钟表机芯

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21213346.6A EP4194959B1 (de) 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4194959A1 EP4194959A1 (de) 2023-06-14
EP4194959B1 true EP4194959B1 (de) 2025-09-17

Family

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Family Applications (1)

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EP21213346.6A Active EP4194959B1 (de) 2021-12-09 2021-12-09 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US12393164B2 (de)
EP (1) EP4194959B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7397950B2 (de)
CN (1) CN116256959B (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4198641B1 (de) * 2021-12-20 2024-10-09 Montres Breguet S.A. Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst
EP4660713A1 (de) * 2024-06-03 2025-12-10 Rolex Sa Abgasvorrichtung für eine uhr

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3186238A (en) * 1963-04-29 1965-06-01 Fairchild Camera Instr Co Self-starting timing escapement
US3538705A (en) * 1968-11-07 1970-11-10 Hamilton Watch Co Escapement
EP1708046B1 (de) * 2005-03-30 2008-03-26 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für Uhren
ATE449985T1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2009-12-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Hemmung, die zwei hemmungsräder umfasst
DE602007004447D1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2010-03-11 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Ankerhemmung für Uhren
EP2224292B1 (de) * 2009-02-26 2012-10-10 Rolex Sa Chronometerhemmung für Uhrwerk
EP2450756B1 (de) * 2010-11-04 2015-01-07 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Antischwingungsvorrichtung für Uhrenhemmungsmechanismus
CH704052A2 (fr) * 2010-11-04 2012-05-15 Nivarox Sa Dispositif anti-galop pour mécanisme d'échappement.
EP2487546B1 (de) * 2011-02-11 2021-06-30 Montres Journe S.A. Zweiachsige Hochleistungshemmung
EP2863272B1 (de) * 2013-10-16 2020-11-25 Montres Breguet SA Hemmungsmechanismus für Uhrwerk einer Armbanduhr
JP6206877B2 (ja) * 2014-03-06 2017-10-04 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメントおよび時計
JP6901876B2 (ja) * 2017-03-13 2021-07-14 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計
FR3074589B1 (fr) * 2017-12-02 2022-03-25 Jean Pommier Echappement d'horlogerie a coup perdu a ancre
CH716705B1 (fr) * 2018-08-28 2023-05-15 Rolex Sa Echappement horloger.
EP3907566B1 (de) * 2020-05-05 2025-07-16 Montres Breguet S.A. Chronometerhemmung für uhren

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP4194959A1 (de) 2023-06-14
CN116256959A (zh) 2023-06-13
JP7397950B2 (ja) 2023-12-13
CN116256959B (zh) 2024-10-01
US20230185240A1 (en) 2023-06-15
US12393164B2 (en) 2025-08-19
JP2023086099A (ja) 2023-06-21

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