EP4053644B1 - Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst - Google Patents

Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4053644B1
EP4053644B1 EP21205004.1A EP21205004A EP4053644B1 EP 4053644 B1 EP4053644 B1 EP 4053644B1 EP 21205004 A EP21205004 A EP 21205004A EP 4053644 B1 EP4053644 B1 EP 4053644B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
escapement
wheel
balance
anchor
natural
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21205004.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4053644A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Zaugg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
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Montres Breguet SA
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4053644A1 publication Critical patent/EP4053644A1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a natural escapement for a watch movement, also known by its name tangential impulse escapement.
  • the present invention also relates to a watch movement comprising such an escapement.
  • Breguet's natural escapement has the particular advantage of being a free escapement to the extent that the balance wheel is only disturbed by the operation of the escapement over a small fraction of its oscillation. Breguet's natural escapement also has the advantage of giving each alternation a direct and tangential impulse to the balance wheel. In other words, energy is transferred directly from the escape wheel to the balance wheel, without passing through an anchor. Furthermore, the transmission of energy occurs only tangentially, so that the friction generated by the operation of this exhaust is limited.
  • the balance of a natural escapement does not have a wasted stroke; it receives a similar impulse at each alternation, in a symmetrical and more uniform manner, so that the losses of mechanical energy per lost stroke are eliminated. All these qualities make the natural exhaust potentially one of the most efficient exhausts.
  • the documents CH 714 200 A1 And CH 709 328 A2 each disclose a natural escapement for a clock movement carrying out a succession of operating cycles each composed of a first and a second alternation of a balance.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the problems mentioned above as well as others by providing a natural escapement for a watch movement which is in particular less bulky and whose anchor is more easily accessible for measurement and adjustment.
  • the present invention relates to a natural escapement for a watch movement carrying out a succession of operating cycles each composed of a first and a second alternation of a balance wheel which comprises a balance wheel as well as a plate balance wheel adjusted on an axis of the balance wheel, this natural escapement comprising a first escape wheel arranged to be driven by a second wheel, this first escape wheel in turn driving a second escape wheel arranged in the same plane as the first escape wheel, an anchor capable of pivoting around an anchor rod, this anchor comprising means for temporarily blocking the first escape wheel during the first alternation, and means for temporarily block the second escape wheel during the second alternation, the anchor rod being located outside an angle less than 180° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis of the balance wheel and by a pivot axis of the first escape wheel for one, and by the axis of the balance wheel and by a pivot axis of the second escape wheel for the other.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising a natural escapement of the type described above.
  • the present invention provides a natural escapement in which the anchor which alternately blocks and releases the first escape wheel and the second escape wheel has its anchor rod located outside an angle less than 180 ° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis of the balance wheel and by a pivot axis of the first escape wheel for one, and by the axis of the balance wheel and by an axis of pivoting of the second escape wheel for the other.
  • first and second escape wheels are each in one piece and each have a single level of teeth.
  • these first and second escape wheels are not active at two distinct stepped levels. They are therefore less bulky and easier to machine.
  • the necessary indexing of the teeth used to transmit the driving impulses to the balance plate when using two superimposed escape wheels is avoided. Indeed, in the case of the invention, the indexing of the single toothing of the first and second escapement wheels which ensures both the meshing of these two drive wheels with each other and the transmission of the driving impulses to the balance plate arises from the very shape of this toothing.
  • the present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea which consists of arranging the anchor of a natural escapement also known by its name tangential impulse escapement, so that its anchor rod is located outside an angle less than 180 ° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis of the balance wheel and by a pivot axis of the first escape wheel for one, and by the axis of the balance wheel and by an axis of pivoting of the second escape wheel for the other.
  • Such an arrangement much less bulky than when the anchor of the natural escapement is placed between the escapement wheels, also offers the watchmaker easier access to the first and second stop pallets of the anchor and therefore greater convenience in measuring and adjusting the depth of penetration of these pallets into the teeth of the first and second escape wheels.
  • first and second escape wheels being only active at a single level, they are thinner and therefore less bulky and easier to machine.
  • indexing of their impulse teeth results from the very shape of their teeth and not from a tedious assembly of two superimposed escape wheels.
  • the natural escapement according to the invention is arranged to be driven by a second wheel 2 which meshes with a pinion 4 fixedly mounted on an axis 6 of a first escape wheel 8.
  • This first escape wheel 8 in turn meshes via teeth 10 with a second escape wheel 12 which pivots around an axis 14.
  • the natural escapement 1 also comprises a balance wheel 16 which comprises a balance wheel 18 on an axis 20 to which a balance plate 22 is fitted.
  • This balance plate 22 carries a balance pin 24 as well as a first and a second pulse pallet 26 and 28 whose respective roles will be described below.
  • the natural escapement 1 finally comprises an anchor 30 pivoted around an anchor rod 32 and which carries a first stop pallet 34 and a second stop pallet 36.
  • These first and second stop pallets stop 34 and 36 can be made in one piece with the anchor 30 or be attached to this anchor 30 in the form of two pieces separated. Thanks to these first and second stop pallets 34 and 36 which respectively penetrate into the teeth 10 of the first escape wheel 8 and into a tooth 38 of the second escape wheel 12, the anchor 30 is able to alternately block and release these first and second escape wheels 8 and 12.
  • the anchor 30 also includes a fork 40 formed by a first and a second horn 42a and 42b and which carries a stinger 44. This stinger 44 cooperates with the balance plate 22 and has the function of preventing accidental movements of the fork 40 outside of periods during which the balance plate 22 is in its rest position.
  • the pivot point of the anchor 30, materialized by the anchor rod 32 is outside the angle ⁇ less than 180° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis 20 of the balance wheel 18 and by the axis 6 of the first escape wheel 8 for one, and by the axis 20 of the balance wheel 18 and by the axis 14 of the second escape wheel 12 for the other.
  • the natural escapement 1 according to the invention is therefore less bulky than the natural escapements of the prior art in which the anchor is usually placed between and above the first and second escapement wheels.
  • the natural escapement 1 according to the invention is therefore simpler to house in the clock movement whose operation it regulates.
  • the arrangement of the anchor 30 outside the angle ⁇ less than 180° makes the watchmaker's interventions less difficult, in particular with regard to measuring and adjusting the depth of penetration of the first and second stop pallets 34 and 36 in the teeth 10 and 38 of the first and second escapement wheels 8 and 12, and measurements and adjustments of the heights of the first and second wheels 8 and 12 relative to the first and second pallets impulse 26 and 28 of the balance plate 22.
  • the natural escapement 1 is completed by a first and a second stop 46a and 46b which limit the movement of the anchor 30 in pivoting.
  • the second wheel 2 which supplies the natural escapement 1 with the energy necessary for its operation rotates in the direction of the clockwise d 'a watch.
  • the second wheel 2 therefore tends to rotate the pinion 4 and the first escape wheel 8 on the axis 6 of which the pinion 4 is fixed in the counterclockwise direction, and the second escape wheel 12 in the direction hourly.
  • An operating cycle of the natural escapement 1 comprises two alternations during which the balance plate 22 will go successively from a first extreme position to a second extreme position passing through a middle rest position, then from its second extreme position to its first extreme position by passing through its middle rest position a second time.
  • the first escape wheel 8 rests on the first stop pallet 34 and the natural escapement 1 is blocked by pressing the anchor 30 against the second stop 46b.
  • the pulling angle formed by pressing the tip of the tooth of the first escape wheel 8 on the first stop pallet 34 opposes resistance to the release of the anchor 30 by tending to rotate this anchor 30 counterclockwise against the second stop 46b.
  • the clockwise pivoting of the anchor 30 has the effect of releasing the first escape wheel 8 from its taken with the first stop pallet 34, which allows the second wheel 2 to drive, via the first escape wheel 8, the second escape wheel 12 in a clockwise direction (see Figure 2C ).
  • the pivoting of the second escape wheel 12 is interrupted again when, under the effect of the pivoting of the anchor 30, this second escape wheel 12 finds itself resting on the second stop pallet 36, this position being preserved thanks to the support of the anchor 30 against the first stop 46a (see Figure 2F ).
  • the pulling angle formed by pressing the tip of the tooth of the second escape wheel 12 on the second stop pallet 36 opposes resistance to the release of the anchor 30 by tending to rotate this anchor 30 clockwise against the first stop 46a.
  • This function of pulling the anchor 30 onto the first stop 46a by the second escapement wheel 12 during the free part of the alternation of the balance plate 22 is similar to that of Swiss anchor escapements.
  • the second escape wheel 12 also gives a driving impulse to the balance plate 22 via the one of its teeth 48 called the impulse tooth which drives the second impulse pallet 28 (see Figure 2C ).
  • This driving impulse is called direct and tangential impulse because it is given directly by the second escape wheel 12 to the balance plate 22 and the path of the impulse tooth 48 catches up with that of the second impulse vane 28 of the plate of balance 22 in a tangential manner, which allows almost punctual and frictionless contact.
  • the balance plate 22 thus moves to its second extreme position in which it is completely moved away from its rest position, which marks the end of the first alternation of operation of the natural escapement 1 (see figure 2E ).
  • the balance plate 22 recalled by the spiral spring of the balance (not visible in the drawing), begins to rotate clockwise until it comes to abut with its balance pin 24 against the second horn 42b of the fork 40 and causes the pivoting of the anchor 30 in the counterclockwise direction (see Figure 2F ).
  • the anticlockwise pivoting of the anchor 30 has the effect of releasing the second escape wheel 12 from its grip with the second stop pallet 36, which allows the second mobile 2 to drive, via the first escape wheel 8, the second escape wheel 12 clockwise (see figure 2G ).
  • the pivoting of the second escape wheel 12 is interrupted again when, under the effect of the pivoting of the anchor 30, the first escape wheel 8 finds itself resting on the first stop pallet 34, this position being preserved thanks to the support of the anchor 30 against the second stop 46b (see Figure 2H ). Indeed, the pulling angle formed by pressing the tip of the tooth of the first escape wheel 8 on the first stop pallet 34 opposes resistance to the release of the anchor 30 by tending to rotate this anchor 30 counterclockwise against the second stop 46b.
  • the first escape wheel 8 also gives a so-called direct and tangential driving impulse to the balance plate. 22 via one of its teeth 50 called the impulse tooth which drives the first impulse pallet 26 (see figure 2G ).
  • the impulse is so named because it is given directly by the first escape wheel 8 to the balance plate 22 and the path of the impulse tooth 50 catches up with that of the first impulse vane 26 of the balance plate 22 tangentially, which allows almost punctual and frictionless contact.
  • the balance plate 22 thus returns to its first extreme position, this which marks the end of an operating cycle of natural exhaust 1 (see Figure 2I ).
  • first and second stops 46a and 46b can also be ensured by a specific shape of the first and second stop pallets 34 and 36 and of the impulse teeth 48 and 50.
  • the pin balance wheel 24 is located outside an acute angle ⁇ delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis 20 of the balance wheel 18 and by the first impulse vane 26, respectively by the second impulse vane 28.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Natürliche Hemmung (1) für ein Uhrwerk, die eine Folge von Arbeitszyklen durchführt, die jeweils aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Wechsel einer Unruh (16) bestehen, die ein Unruhrad (18) sowie ein auf einer Achse (20) des Unruhrads (18) eingestellte Unruhplatte (22) umfasst, diese natürliche Hemmung (1) ein erstes Hemmungsrad (8) umfasst, das so beschaffen ist, dass es von einem Sekundendrehteil (2) angetrieben wird, wobei dieses erste Hemmungsrad (8) seinerseits ein zweites Hemmungsrad (12) antreibt, das in derselben Ebene wie das erste Hemmungsrad (8) angeordnet ist, einen Anker (30), der um eine Ankerwelle (32) schwenken kann, wobei dieser Anker (30) Mittel zur vorübergehenden Verriegelung des ersten Hemmungsrads (8) während der ersten Halbschwingung und Mittel zur vorübergehenden Verriegelung des zweiten Hemmungsrads (12) während der zweiten Halbschwingung umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ankerwelle (32) außerhalb eines Winkels (α) von weniger als 180° angeordnet und durch zwei Geraden begrenzt ist, die zum einen durch die Achse (20) des Unruhrads (18) und durch eine Drehachse (6) des ersten Hemmungsrades (8) und zum anderen durch die Achse (20) des Unruhrads (18) und durch eine Drehachse (14) des zweiten Hemmungsrades (12) verlaufen.
  2. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (30) eine erste Anschlagpalette (34) zur vorübergehenden Verriegelung des ersten Hemmungsrads (8) während der ersten Halbschwingung und eine zweite Anschlagpalette (36) zur vorübergehenden Verriegelung des zweiten Hemmungsrads (12) während der zweiten Halbschwingung umfasst.
  3. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruhplatte (22) einen Unruhzapfen (24) trägt, durch den diese Unruhplatte (22) den Anker (30) bei jeder der ersten und zweiten Halbschwingung schwenkt, wobei die Unruhplatte (22) auch eine zweite Impulspalette (28) trägt, durch die diese Unruhplatte (22) während der ersten Halbschwingung einen direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls vom zweiten Hemmungsrad (12) erhält, und eine erste Impulspalette (26), über die diese Unruhplatte (22) einen direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls vom ersten Hemmungsrad (8) während der zweiten Halbschwingung erhält, wobei der Unruhzapfen (24) außerhalb eines spitzen Winkels (β) liegt, der durch zwei Geraden begrenzt wird, die einerseits durch die Achse (20) des Unruhrads (18) und durch die erste Impulspalette (26) und andererseits durch die Achse (20) des Unruhrads (18) und durch die zweite Impulspalette (28) verlaufen.
  4. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Hemmungsrad (8) eine Zahnung (10) aufweist, die sich in einer einzigen Ebene erstreckt und durch die dieses erste Hemmungsrad (8) mit dem zweiten Hemmungsrad (12) eingreift und den direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls auf die Unruhplatte (22) während der zweiten Halbschwingung liefert.
  5. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Hemmungsrad (12) eine Zahnung (38) aufweist, die sich in einer einzigen Ebene erstreckt und durch die dieses zweite Hemmungsrad (12) mit dem ersten Hemmungsrad (8) eingreift und den direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls auf die Unruhplatte (22) während der ersten Halbschwingung liefert.
  6. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (30) eine Gabel (40) aufweist, die aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Horn (42a, 42b) gebildet ist, wobei die Unruhplatte (22) mit ihrem Unruhzapfen (24) gegen das erste Horn (42a) der Gabel (40) stößt und die Drehung dieses Ankers (30) in einer ersten Richtung während der ersten Halbschwingung und gegen das zweite Horn (42b) während der zweiten Halbschwingung bewirkt, wodurch die Drehung des Ankers (30) in einer zweiten Richtung entgegengesetzt zur ersten Richtung bewirkt wird.
  7. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gabel (40) einen Sicherheitsstift (44) trägt, der mit der Unruhplatte (22) zusammenwirkt, um unbeabsichtigte Bewegungen der Gabel (40) zu verhindern.
  8. Naturhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und zweite Hemmungsrad (8, 12) jeweils aus einem Stück gefertigt sind und jeweils eine einzige Zahnungsebene aufweisen.
  9. Uhrwerk mit einer Naturhemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.
EP21205004.1A 2021-03-02 2021-10-27 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst Active EP4053644B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP21160261 2021-03-02
EP21171889.5A EP4053641A1 (de) 2021-03-02 2021-05-03 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst

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EP4053644A1 EP4053644A1 (de) 2022-09-07
EP4053644B1 true EP4053644B1 (de) 2023-09-27

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EP21171889.5A Withdrawn EP4053641A1 (de) 2021-03-02 2021-05-03 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst
EP21205004.1A Active EP4053644B1 (de) 2021-03-02 2021-10-27 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst

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US (1) US20220283543A1 (de)
EP (2) EP4053641A1 (de)
JP (1) JP7313495B2 (de)
CN (1) CN114995084B (de)

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2458503A1 (de) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-16 Graesslin Feinwerktech Hemmung, insbesondere fuer zeitlaufwerke
ATE389198T1 (de) * 2001-01-09 2008-03-15 Nardin Ulysse Sa Hemmung für zeitmesser
WO2006099882A1 (fr) * 2005-03-23 2006-09-28 Marblia Ltd Mouvement pour piece d’horlogerie
ATE449985T1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2009-12-15 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Hemmung, die zwei hemmungsräder umfasst
CH701921B1 (fr) * 2009-10-09 2014-07-31 Télôs Watch SA Echappement à ancre et pièce d'horlogerie comportant un tel échappement.
EP2487546B1 (de) * 2011-02-11 2021-06-30 Montres Journe S.A. Zweiachsige Hochleistungshemmung
JP6206877B2 (ja) * 2014-03-06 2017-10-04 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメントおよび時計
JP6618306B2 (ja) * 2015-09-16 2019-12-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 アンクル、調速脱進機、トゥールビヨン、ムーブメント及び時計
CH712631B1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2020-02-28 Mft Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle S A Echappement pour mouvement d'horlogerie.
CH714200B1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2021-02-15 Louis Vuitton Malletier Sa Dispositif d'échappement pour mouvement de montre mécanique comportant un échappement avec deux mobiles d'échappement.
JP6558761B1 (ja) * 2018-06-19 2019-08-14 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメント及び時計

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US20220283543A1 (en) 2022-09-08
CN114995084B (zh) 2023-11-17
EP4053641A1 (de) 2022-09-07
JP7313495B2 (ja) 2023-07-24
EP4053644A1 (de) 2022-09-07
JP2022134099A (ja) 2022-09-14
CN114995084A (zh) 2022-09-02

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