EP4053643B1 - Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst - Google Patents

Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4053643B1
EP4053643B1 EP21204613.0A EP21204613A EP4053643B1 EP 4053643 B1 EP4053643 B1 EP 4053643B1 EP 21204613 A EP21204613 A EP 21204613A EP 4053643 B1 EP4053643 B1 EP 4053643B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
escapement
wheel
natural
anchor
balance
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Application number
EP21204613.0A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4053643A1 (de
Inventor
Alain Zaugg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Montres Breguet SA
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Montres Breguet SA
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Priority claimed from EP21176140.8A external-priority patent/EP4053642A1/de
Application filed by Montres Breguet SA filed Critical Montres Breguet SA
Publication of EP4053643A1 publication Critical patent/EP4053643A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/12—Adjusting; Restricting the amplitude of the lever or the like
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a natural escapement for a watch movement, also known by its name tangential impulse escapement.
  • Breguet's natural escapement has the particular advantage of being a free escapement to the extent that the balance wheel is only disturbed by the operation of the escapement over a small fraction of its oscillation. Breguet's natural escapement also has the advantage of giving each alternation a direct and tangential impulse to the balance wheel. In other words, energy is transferred directly from the escape wheel to the balance wheel, without passing through an anchor. Furthermore, the transmission of energy occurs only tangentially, so that the friction generated by the operation of this exhaust is limited.
  • the balance of a natural escapement does not have a wasted stroke; it receives a similar impulse at each alternation, in a symmetrical and more uniform manner, so that the losses of mechanical energy per lost stroke are eliminated. All these qualities make the natural exhaust potentially one of the most efficient exhausts.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the problems mentioned above as well as others by providing a natural escapement for a watch movement which is notably less bulky.
  • the present invention relates to a natural escapement for a watch movement carrying out a succession of operating cycles each composed of a first and a second alternation of a balance wheel which comprises a balance wheel on an axis of which a balance plate is adjusted, this natural escapement comprising a first escapement wheel arranged to be driven by a second wheel, this first escapement wheel in turn driving a second escapement wheel arranged in the same plane as the first escape wheel, the first and second escape wheels forming a kinematic chain following which is arranged an anchor capable of pivoting around an anchor rod located outside an angle less than 180° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis of the balance wheel and by a pivot axis of the first escape wheel for one, and by the axis of the balance wheel and by a pivot axis of the second escape wheel for the other.
  • the invention also relates to a watch movement comprising an escapement of the type described above.
  • the present invention provides a natural escapement in which the first and second escapement wheels form a kinematic chain following which the anchor is arranged.
  • This solution much less bulky and therefore easier to accommodate in a watch movement than when the anchor is placed between the two escapement wheels, also offers easier access to watchmakers and allows them to adjust the depth penetration of the teeth of the second escape wheel with the entry and exit pallets of the anchor in a more convenient manner.
  • the first and second escape wheels are in one piece and comprise a single level each. In other words, these first and second escape wheels are not active at two distinct stepped levels. They are therefore less bulky and easier to machine.
  • the necessary indexing of the teeth used to transmit the driving impulses to the balance plate when using two superimposed escape wheels is avoided. Indeed, in the case of the invention, the indexing of the single toothing of the first and second escapement wheels which ensures both the meshing of these two drive wheels with each other and the transmission of the driving impulses to the balance plate arises from the very shape of this toothing.
  • the present invention proceeds from the general inventive idea which consists of arranging the anchor of a natural escapement also known by its name tangential impulse escapement, not between the first and second escapement wheels, but in the extension of the kinematic chain formed by these first and second escape wheels.
  • Such an arrangement much less bulky than when the anchor of the natural escapement is placed between the escapement wheels, also offers the watchmaker easier access to the entry and exit pallets of the anchor and therefore greater convenience in measuring and adjusting the depth of penetration of these pallets in the teeth of the second escape wheel.
  • the first and second escape wheels being only active at a single level, they are thinner and therefore less bulky and easier to machine.
  • the indexing of their impulse teeth results from the very shape of their teeth and not from a tedious assembly of two superimposed escape wheels.
  • the natural escapement according to the invention is arranged to be driven by a second wheel 2 which meshes with a pinion 4 fixedly mounted on an axis 6 of a first escape wheel 8.
  • This first escape wheel 8 in turn meshes via teeth 9 with a second escape wheel 10 which pivots around an axis 11.
  • the natural escapement 1 also comprises a balance wheel 12 which comprises a balance wheel 14 on an axis 16 to which a balance plate 18 is fitted.
  • This balance plate 18 carries a balance pin 20 as well as a first and a second pulse pallet 22 and 24 whose respective roles will be described below.
  • the natural escapement 1 finally comprises an anchor 26 pivoted around an anchor rod 28 and which carries a pallet of outlet 30 and an entry pallet 32. Thanks to these outlet 30 and entry pallets 32 which penetrate into a toothing 34 of the second escape wheel 10, the anchor 26 is able to block and release alternately this second escape wheel 10.
  • the anchor 26 also comprises a fork 36 formed of a first and a second horn 38a and 38b and which carries a dart 40. This dart 40 cooperates with the balance plate 18 and has for the function of preventing accidental movements of the fork 36 outside of periods during which the balance plate 18 is in its rest position.
  • the anchor 26 is arranged following the second escape wheel 10, at the outlet of the kinematic chain formed by the first and second escape wheels 8 and 10. More precisely, the pivot point of the anchor 26, materialized by the anchor rod 28, is outside the angle ⁇ less than 180° and delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis 16 of the balance wheel 14 and by the axis 6 of the first escape wheel 8 for one, and by the axis 16 of the balance wheel 14 and by the axis 11 of the second escape wheel 10 for the other.
  • the natural escapement 1 according to the invention is therefore less bulky than the natural escapements of the prior art in which the anchor is usually placed between and above the first and second escapement wheels.
  • the natural escapement 1 according to the invention is therefore simpler to house in the clock movement whose operation it regulates.
  • the arrangement of the anchor 26 at the end of the kinematic chain formed by the first and second escapement wheels 8 and 10 makes the watchmaker's interventions less difficult, in particular with regard to measurement and adjusting the depth of penetration of the outlet 30 and entry 32 pallets into the teeth 34 of the second escape wheel 10.
  • the natural escape 1 is completed by a first and a second stop 42a and 42b which limit the movement of the anchor 26 in pivoting.
  • An operating cycle of the natural escapement 1 comprises two alternations during which the balance plate 18 will go successively from a first extreme position to a second extreme position passing through a middle rest position, then from its second extreme position to its first extreme position by passing through its middle rest position a second time.
  • the second escape wheel 10 rests on the exit pallet 30 and the natural escape 1 is blocked by pressing the anchor 26 against the second stop 42b.
  • the pulling angle formed by pressing the tip of the tooth of the second escape wheel 10 on the output pallet 30 opposes resistance to the release of the anchor 26 by tending to pivot this anchor 26 in counterclockwise direction against the second stop 42b.
  • the clockwise pivoting of the anchor 26 has the effect of releasing the second escape wheel 10 from its grip with the output pallet 30, which allows the second wheel 2 to drive, via the first wheel exhaust 8, the second wheel exhaust 10 counterclockwise (see Figure 2C ).
  • the pivoting of the second escape wheel 10 is interrupted again when, under the effect of the pivoting of the anchor 26, this second escape wheel 10 finds itself resting on the entry pallet 32, this position being preserved thanks to the support of the anchor 26 against the first stop 42a (see 2D figure ).
  • the pulling angle formed by pressing the tip of the tooth of the second escape wheel 10 on the input pallet 32 opposes resistance to the release of the anchor 26 by tending to rotate this anchor 26 clockwise against the first stop 42a.
  • This function of pulling the anchor 26 on the first stop 42a by the second escapement wheel 10 during the free part of the alternation of the balance plate 18 is similar to that of Swiss anchor escapements.
  • the first escape wheel 8 also gives a driving impulse to the balance plate 18 via the one of its teeth 44 called the impulse tooth which drives the second impulse pallet 24 (see Figure 2C ).
  • This driving impulse is called direct and tangential impulse because it is given directly by the first escape wheel 8 to the balance plate 18 and the path of the impulse tooth 44 catches up with that of the second impulse vane 24 of the plate balance 18 in a tangential manner, which allows almost punctual and frictionless contact.
  • the balance plate 18 thus moves to its second extreme position in which it is completely moved away from its rest position, which marks the end of the first alternation of operation of the natural escapement 1 (see figure 2E ).
  • the balance plate 18 recalled by the spiral spring of the balance (not visible in the drawing), begins to rotate clockwise until it comes up against its balance pin 20 against the first horn 38a of the fork 36 and causes the anchor 26 to pivot counterclockwise (see Figure 2F ).
  • the counterclockwise pivoting of the anchor 26 has the effect of releasing the second escape wheel 10 from its grip with the input pallet 32, which allows the second wheel 2 to drive, via the first wheel escape wheel 8, the second escape wheel 10 counterclockwise (see figure 2G ).
  • the second escape wheel 10 also gives a so-called direct and tangential driving impulse to the balance plate. 18 via one of its teeth 46 called the impulse tooth which drives the first impulse pallet 22 (see Figure 2H ).
  • the impulse is so named because it is given directly by the second escape wheel 10 to the balance plate 18 and the path of the impulse tooth 46 catches up with that of the second impulse vane 24 of the balance plate 18 tangentially, which allows almost punctual and frictionless contact.
  • the balance plate 18 thus returns to its first extreme position, which marks the end of an operating cycle of the natural escapement 1 (see figure 2J ).
  • first and second stops 42a and 42b can also be ensured by a form specific for the output and input vanes 30 and 32 and the impulse teeth 44 and 46 as illustrated in the Figure 3 .
  • the balance pin 20 is located outside an acute angle ⁇ delimited by two straight lines which pass through the axis 16 of the balance wheel 14 and by the first impulse pallet 22, respectively by the second pallet pulse 24.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Natürliche Hemmung (1) für ein Uhrwerk, das eine Folge von Funktionszyklen durchführt, die jeweils aus einer ersten und einer zweiten Halbschwingung einer Unruh (12) bestehen, die ein Unruhrad (14) auf einer Achse (16) umfasst, an der eine Unruhplatte (18) angebracht ist, wobei diese natürliche Hemmung (1) ein erstes Hemmungsrad (8) umfasst, das so angeordnet ist, dass es von einem Sekundendrehteil (2) angetrieben wird, wobei dieses erste Hemmungsrad (8) seinerseits ein zweites Hemmungsrad (10) antreibt, das in einer gleichen Ebene wie das erste Hemmungsrad (8) angeordnet ist, wobei das erste und das zweite Hemmungsrad (8, 10) eine kinematische Kette bilden, an deren Ende ein Anker (26) angeordnet ist, der um eine Ankerstange (28) schwenken kann, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ankerstange (28) außerhalb eines Winkels (α) liegt, der kleiner als 180° ist und durch zwei Geraden begrenzt wird, die zum einen durch die Achse (16) des Unruhrads (14) und durch eine Schwenkachse (6) des ersten Hemmungsrads (8) und zum anderen durch die Achse (16) des Unruhrads (14) und durch eine Schwenkachse (11) des zweiten Hemmungsrads (10) verlaufen.
  2. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Unruhplatte (18) einen Unruhstift (20) trägt, durch den diese Unruhplatte (18) das Schwenken des Ankers (26) bei jeder der ersten und zweiten Halbschwingungen bewirkt, wobei die Unruhplatte (18) auch eine zweite Impulspalette (24) trägt, durch die diese Unruhplatte (18) bei der ersten Halbschwingung einen direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls von dem ersten Hemmungsrad (8) empfängt, und eine erste Impulspalette (22), durch die diese Unruhplatte (18) einen direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls von dem zweiten Hemmungsrad (10) bei der zweiten Halbschwingung empfängt, wobei der Unruhstift (20) außerhalb eines spitzen Winkels (β) liegt, der von zwei Geraden begrenzt wird, die zum einen durch die Achse (16) des Unruhrads (14) und durch die erste Impulspalette (22) und zum anderen durch die Achse (16) des Unruhrads (14) und durch die zweite Impulspalette (24) verlaufen.
  3. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste Hemmungsrad (8) eine Verzahnung (9) aufweist, die sich in einer einzigen Ebene erstreckt und durch die dieses erste Hemmungsrad (8) mit dem zweiten Hemmungsrad (10) in Eingriff steht und den direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls für die Unruhplatte (18) bei der ersten Halbschwingung liefert.
  4. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zweite Hemmungsrad (10) eine Verzahnung (34) aufweist, die sich in einer einzigen Ebene erstreckt und durch die dieses zweite Hemmungsrad mit dem ersten Hemmungsrad (8) in Eingriff steht und den direkten und tangentialen Antriebsimpuls für die Unruhplatte (18) während der zweiten Halbschwingung liefert.
  5. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (26) Mittel zum vorübergehenden Blockieren des zweiten Hemmungsrads (10) während der zweiten Halbschwingung und Mittel zum vorübergehenden Blockieren des zweiten Hemmungsrads (10) während der ersten Halbschwingung umfasst.
  6. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (26) eine Ausgangspalette (30) zum vorübergehenden Blockieren des zweiten Hemmungsrads (10) während der ersten Halbschwingung und eine Eingangspalette (32) zum vorübergehenden Blockieren des zweiten Hemmungsrads (10) während der zweiten Halbschwingung umfasst.
  7. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anker (26) eine Gabel (36) umfasst, die aus einem ersten und einem zweiten Horn (38a, 38b) gebildet wird, die Unruhplatte (18) mit ihrem Unruhstift (20) gegen das zweite Horn (38b) der Gabel (36) stößt und das Schwenken dieses Ankers (26) in einer ersten Richtung bei der ersten Halbschwingung bewirkt, und gegen das erste Horn (38a) bei der zweiten Halbschwingung, wodurch das Schwenken des Ankers (26) in einer zweiten, der ersten entgegengesetzten Richtung bewirkt wird.
  8. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Gabel (36) einen Sicherheitsstift (40) trägt, der mit der Unruhplatte (18) zusammenwirkt, um unbeabsichtigte Bewegungen der Gabel (36) zu verhindern.
  9. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erste und das zweite Hemmungsrad (8, 10) jeweils aus einem Stück bestehen und jeweils eine einzige Zahnungsebene aufweisen.
  10. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Auslenkung des Ankers (26) beim Schwenken durch einen ersten und einen zweiten Anschlag (42a, 42b) begrenzt wird.
  11. Natürliche Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Begrenzung der Auslenkung des Ankers (26) durch eine spezifische Form der Aus- und Eingangspaletten (30, 32) und der Impulszähne (44, 46) gewährleistet wird.
  12. Uhrwerk mit einer natürlichen Hemmung (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11.
EP21204613.0A 2021-03-02 2021-10-26 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst Active EP4053643B1 (de)

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EP21160254 2021-03-02
EP21176140.8A EP4053642A1 (de) 2021-03-02 2021-05-27 Natürliche hemmung für uhrwerk und uhrwerk, das eine solche uhrhemmung umfasst

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EP4053643A1 EP4053643A1 (de) 2022-09-07
EP4053643B1 true EP4053643B1 (de) 2023-11-29

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US (1) US20220283542A1 (de)
EP (1) EP4053643B1 (de)
JP (1) JP7313494B2 (de)
CN (1) CN114995085B (de)

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2458503A1 (de) * 1974-12-11 1976-06-16 Graesslin Feinwerktech Hemmung, insbesondere fuer zeitlaufwerke
DE60133171T2 (de) * 2001-01-09 2009-04-30 Manufacture Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle Sa Hemmung für Zeitmesser
DE602007004446D1 (de) * 2007-04-18 2010-03-11 Eta Sa Mft Horlogere Suisse Direktimpulshemmung für Uhren
CH704051B1 (fr) * 2010-11-04 2013-10-15 Nivarox Sa Echappement synchrone pour mécanisme d'horlogerie.
EP2487546B1 (de) * 2011-02-11 2021-06-30 Montres Journe S.A. Zweiachsige Hochleistungshemmung
JP6206877B2 (ja) * 2014-03-06 2017-10-04 セイコーインスツル株式会社 脱進機、時計用ムーブメントおよび時計
JP6618306B2 (ja) * 2015-09-16 2019-12-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 アンクル、調速脱進機、トゥールビヨン、ムーブメント及び時計
CH712631B1 (fr) * 2016-06-27 2020-02-28 Mft Et Fabrique De Montres Et Chronometres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle S A Echappement pour mouvement d'horlogerie.
CH714200B1 (fr) * 2017-09-29 2021-02-15 Louis Vuitton Malletier Sa Dispositif d'échappement pour mouvement de montre mécanique comportant un échappement avec deux mobiles d'échappement.
EP3557334A1 (de) * 2018-04-17 2019-10-23 Dominique Renaud SA Uhrhemmungsmechanismus mit ruheanker, und uhr, die mit einem solchen hemmungsmechanismus ausgestattet ist
EP3570117A1 (de) * 2018-05-16 2019-11-20 Dominique Renaud SA Hemmungsmechanismus für uhr
CH715023A1 (fr) * 2018-05-25 2019-11-29 Sa De La Manufacture Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Échappement à détente auto-démarrant et sécurisé pour pièce d'horlogerie

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EP4053643A1 (de) 2022-09-07
US20220283542A1 (en) 2022-09-08
CN114995085B (zh) 2024-02-09
CN114995085A (zh) 2022-09-02
JP7313494B2 (ja) 2023-07-24
JP2022134098A (ja) 2022-09-14

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