EP4192640A1 - Casting nozzle or casting distributor, assembly and method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle - Google Patents

Casting nozzle or casting distributor, assembly and method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle

Info

Publication number
EP4192640A1
EP4192640A1 EP21763254.6A EP21763254A EP4192640A1 EP 4192640 A1 EP4192640 A1 EP 4192640A1 EP 21763254 A EP21763254 A EP 21763254A EP 4192640 A1 EP4192640 A1 EP 4192640A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pouring
casting
distributor
nozzle
heating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21763254.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Cihangir Demirci
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Group GmbH
Original Assignee
SMS Group GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Group GmbH filed Critical SMS Group GmbH
Publication of EP4192640A1 publication Critical patent/EP4192640A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/106—Shielding the molten jet
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/103—Distributing the molten metal, e.g. using runners, floats, distributors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/113—Treating the molten metal by vacuum treating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/04—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like tiltable
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/08—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like for bottom pouring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/12—Travelling ladles or similar containers; Cars for ladles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/14—Closures
    • B22D41/16—Closures stopper-rod type, i.e. a stopper-rod being positioned downwardly through the vessel and the metal therein, for selective registry with the pouring opening
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D41/00—Casting melt-holding vessels, e.g. ladles, tundishes, cups or the like
    • B22D41/50—Pouring-nozzles
    • B22D41/502—Connection arrangements; Sealing means therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pouring nozzle or pouring distributor for transferring molten metal into a metallurgical aggregate or vessel.
  • the invention further relates to an arrangement for heating and/or preheating such a pouring nozzle or such a pouring distributor and a method for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor.
  • DE 197 386 82 B4 discloses a melting vessel with an outlet arranged in a passage in its base, which has a funnel formed from individual fluid-cooled metal segments, which is surrounded by a coil that can be charged with alternating current for inductive heating and in which the metal segments at their form a common metal ring on the upper side.
  • the well-known melting container is made of ceramic.
  • a ceramic insert is arranged in the passage of the melting container, which consists of a ceramic ring seated directly in the passage and a permanent ceramic insert lying against this ceramic ring, the metal segments being held detachably in the permanent insert with their metal ring. Heating of the spout is effected with an induction coil which extends around the metal segments of the pouring nozzle.
  • Controlled heating of a casting nozzle is relatively difficult with the means known in the prior art, in particular under vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere at different pressures.
  • Uniform and controlled heating is particularly important when pouring nozzles, cones, dip tubes or pouring distributors are made of a ceramic refractory material in order to prevent cracking in the material.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor of the type mentioned at the outset, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the invention is also based on the object of providing an arrangement for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor and a method for heating and/or preheating a pouring distributor which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages.
  • the object is achieved by the features of claim 1 relating to a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor, the features of claim 5 relating to an arrangement for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor, by a method having the features of claim 8 and by a system with the features of claim 10.
  • One aspect of the invention relates to a pouring nozzle or spreader for transferring molten metal into a metallurgical unit or vessel, which consists at least partially of a refractory material and is characterized in particular by the fact that it has at least one resistance heating element embedded in the refractory material.
  • pouring nozzle within the meaning of the present invention includes both conical or funnel-shaped as well as tubular or cylindrical parts that are designed to deliver molten metal. This includes so-called cone bricks as well as dip tubes or outlets on distributor channels or even entire pouring distributors.
  • the casting nozzle or the casting distributor consists of a ceramic material in which at least one resistance heating element can be embedded. Due to the preferably complete embedding of the resistance heating element in the material, a particularly uniform heat distribution and heating of the pouring nozzle or the pouring distributor can be achieved.
  • At least one resistance heating element can be designed as a heating conductor made of metal or graphite.
  • a further aspect of the invention relates to an arrangement for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle or a casting distributor of the type described above under a vacuum and/or under an inert gas atmosphere, comprising at least one voltage source and a current conductor which are connected to the current connections of the casting nozzle or the casting distributor.
  • the arrangement is characterized in particular by at least one regulating and control device for regulating the heating output of the at least one resistance element.
  • a large number of voltage sources or a voltage source with a number of power levels is provided for energizing a number of resistance heating elements which are designed for different heating powers.
  • a method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle or a casting distributor is proposed with at least one resistance heating element embedded in a refractory material of the casting nozzle or the casting distributor, which is characterized by continuous or quasi-continuous heating of the casting nozzle or the casting distributor under vacuum and/or Inert gas atmosphere characterized by a regulated energization of at least one resistance heating element.
  • Heating and/or warming preferably takes place with different heating capacities and/or with different temperature zones.
  • Both the casting nozzle or casting distributor as well as the arrangement and the method can be used in vacuum induction melting devices or vacuum induction furnaces, the induction coils of which are arranged in a vacuum chamber or outside the vacuum chamber, in induction furnaces or induction melting furnace systems that are under atmospheric Conditions are operated in the case of forehearth storage furnaces with a plug-type casting device, which are operated under vacuum and/or under atmospheric conditions, in the case of electric arc furnaces, which are operated under atmospheric conditions with bottom tapping, in pouring and transfer ladles that are operated under vacuum or atmospheric conditions with bottom tapping, as well as troughs and tundishes that are used on continuous casting plants and/or vacuum induction melting devices or induction melting furnaces with pouring nozzles, dip tubes or the like .
  • a system for charging, melting and casting metal under vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere is also provided with at least one pouring nozzle and/or with at least one pouring distributor and/or arrangement of the type described above, which has at least one vacuum induction melting device, means for charging starting materials under vacuum and/or inert gas into the at least one vacuum induction melting device, and at least one vacuum induction casting device which can be connected to the at least one vacuum induction melting device, the vacuum induction casting device comprises at least one storage chamber which can be coupled gas-tight to a continuous casting plant or a powder atomization plant as a downstream unit.
  • Figure 1 is a view of a plant according to the invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a vertical continuous casting plant as a downstream unit
  • Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a horizontal continuous casting plant as a downstream unit
  • Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a circular arc continuous casting plant as a downstream unit
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a casting-rolling plant as a downstream unit
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a powder atomization system as a downstream unit
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of the system according to FIG. 1 along the sectional plane VI-VI in FIG. 1 and
  • FIG. 8 shows a sectional view through a pouring nozzle according to the invention with an arrangement for heating.
  • the system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a vacuum induction casting device 1 and two vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B connected to the vacuum induction casting device 1.
  • the vacuum induction casting device 1 is coupled to a vertical continuous casting plant 3 as a downstream unit.
  • the units shown in FIGS. 3-6 can be provided.
  • the vacuum induction casting device 1 comprises a storage chamber 4 and a forehearth 5 which communicate with one another.
  • a crucible inductor 30 is arranged inside the storage chamber 4 and keeps the melt at casting temperature.
  • the arrangement comprising the storage chamber 4 and the forehearth 5 is pivoted about a horizontal axis in tilting bearings 6 (see FIG. 1) and by means of at least one piston-cylinder arrangement 7 about the horizontal axis pivoted.
  • the vacuum induction casting device 1 comprises two stopper casting devices 8 and associated casting nozzles 9, via which the molten metal can be transferred to the respective downstream unit, for example to the vertical continuous casting plant 3. Furthermore, the vacuum induction casting device 1 is arranged on a base frame 11 that can be moved on rails 10, via which the vacuum induction casting device 1 can be moved transversely to its tilting axis. The vacuum induction casting device 1 is mounted on load cells of the base 11 .
  • the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 is connected to a respective vacuum induction melting device 2A, 2B via lateral bushings 12 which extend through the tilting bearings 6 .
  • the connection between the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B and the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 is closed by means of bellows seals 13.
  • the bushings 12 can also be closed by means of vacuum slides 14 .
  • the starting materials are melted in the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B, which transfer the melt to the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 .
  • the vacuum induction melters 2A, 2B are essentially identical, so only one of the vacuum induction melters 2A, 2B will be described below.
  • Each of the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B comprises a furnace chamber 15 which is part of an upper furnace 16 and which is sealed with a melting crucible 17 in a gas-tight manner.
  • the crucible 17 is designed in a known manner as an inductively heated melting vessel. This is moved up to the upper furnace 16 via a rail system (not shown) and from below attached to this. The crucible 17 is held in the upper furnace 16 in the illustrated example.
  • the upper furnace 16 is pivoted in tilting bearings 6 and pivoted by means of two piston-cylinder assemblies 7 about a horizontal pivot axis.
  • a charging tower 18 is flanged to the top of the upper furnace 16, which can also be connected in a gas-tight manner and serves as a lock for charging baskets 19, which bring the starting material into the crucible 17.
  • a changing chamber 20 is connected to the side of the furnace chamber 15, via which a distributor channel 21 can be introduced into the furnace chamber 15 as a casting distributor.
  • the changing chamber 20 is also designed as a lock chamber and can be shut off with respect to the oven chamber 15 via a vacuum slide 14 .
  • the reference number 22 designates bunker systems mounted on weighing cells, which can supply the starting materials or alloy additives to the crucible 17 and/or the storage chamber 4 via feed lines 23 .
  • the bunker systems 22 and/or feed lines 23 can each be closed off from the furnace chambers 15 and/or from the storage chamber 4 by means of vacuum slide valves, which are not specified in detail.
  • raw materials are first fed via charging baskets 19 to the crucibles 17 in a vacuum and/or inert gas atmosphere and are also melted therein in a vacuum and/or inert gas atmosphere, optionally with charging with other alloying components.
  • a distributor trough 21 preheated in an exchange chamber 20 is brought into the furnace chamber 15 of a vacuum induction melting device 2A in such a way that it is located below a pouring spout 24 of the crucible 17.
  • the distribution channel 21 is dimensioned such that it extends into the storage chamber 4 in the pouring position.
  • the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B have with respect to the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction Pouring device 1 a slope of about 2 °.
  • the crucible 17 is pivoted about the tilting bearing 6 so that the melt in it can be emptied completely into the distribution channel 21 .
  • the melt passes through the passages 12, which are closed by means of a bellows seal 13, from the vacuum induction melting device 2A into the vacuum induction casting device 1.
  • the melt then also passes via a control of the stopper casting device 8 in the forehearth 5 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 under vacuum and/or inert gas in the downstream unit.
  • the treatment of the melt can be done in the other vacuum induction melter 2B, which subsequently melts the melt into a tundish for transfer to the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction caster 1 21 pours.
  • the liquid melt is metered through the casting nozzles 9, for example, into the continuous casting mold of the vertical continuous casting plant 3 by means of a stopper control.
  • the stopper casting device 8 comprises stopper rods 26 guided in stopper chambers 25, which form or have a closure body at their leading end and, when the casting nozzles 9 are closed, dip into them.
  • the vacuum tightness of the continuous casting molds is ensured via vacuum flanges 27, which are part of the bellows seal 13 shown in FIG.
  • the dosing of casting powder into the continuous casting mold or onto the melt under vacuum and/or inert gas is carried out by at least one vacuum-tight and inert-gas-tight dosing device 28, which is mounted on load cells and arranged on a movable carriage 29.
  • a dosing line which is protected against the atmosphere with a vacuum valve, opens into the vacuum seal of the interface between the vacuum induction casting device 1 and the downstream unit or the downstream continuous casting plant 3.
  • the pouring nozzles 9 are closed with the closure body of the stopper rod 26, then the vacuum induction casting device 1 is tilted so that the melt is shifted from the forehearth 5 into the storage chamber 4.
  • the vacuum induction casting device 1 can then be displaced on the rails 10 transversely to the tilting axis.
  • the casting nozzle 9 shown in section in FIG. 8 comprises a conical brick 31 and an immersion tube 32, which consist of a ceramic refractory material or a ceramic refractory material.
  • Resistance heating elements 33 in the form of resistance wires are embedded in the material of the cone stone 31 and of the immersion tube 32 .
  • the resistance heating elements 33 are supplied with current via a high-current power supply 34 as a voltage source.
  • the high-current supply 34 can be routed to power connections 36 of the pouring nozzle 9 via high-current cables 35 or flexible high-current bands.
  • both the cone 31 and the immersion tube 32 can comprise a large number of resistance heating elements 33 and power connections 36 for realizing different temperature zones.
  • the power is preferably supplied to the resistance heating elements 33 with the aid of a control device, not shown, in a quasi-continuous manner to a target temperature, so that the cone stone 31 and the immersion tube 32 can be warmed or heated to a specified target temperature without cracking.
  • high current means voltages of up to 10 kV, preferably at currents of more than 100 A.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a casting nozzle (9) or a casting distributor for transferring molten metal into a metallurgical unit or vessel, at least partially consisting of a refractory material comprising at least one resistance heating element (33) embedded in the refractory material. The method also relates to an assembly and to a method for heating and/or preheating the casting nozzle (9) or the casting distributor.

Description

Gießdüse oder Gießverteiler, Anordnung und Verfahren zur Beheizung und/oderPouring nozzle or pouring distributor, arrangement and method for heating and/or
Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse Preheating a pouring nozzle
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Gießdüse oder einen Gießverteiler zum Überführen von schmelzflüssigem Metall in ein metallurgisches Aggregat oder Gefäß. The invention relates to a pouring nozzle or pouring distributor for transferring molten metal into a metallurgical aggregate or vessel.
Die Erfindung betrifft weiterhin eine Anordnung zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer solchen Gießdüse oder eines solchen Gießverteilers sowie ein Verfahren zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse oder eines Gießverteilers. The invention further relates to an arrangement for heating and/or preheating such a pouring nozzle or such a pouring distributor and a method for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor.
Aus der DE 197 386 82 B4 ist ein Schmelzbehälter mit einem in einem Durchlass seines Bodens angeordneten Auslauf bekannt, welcher einen aus einzelnen fluidgekühlten Metallsegmenten gebildeten Trichter hat, der zur induktiven Beheizung von einer mit Wechselstrom beaufschlagbaren Spule umgeben ist und bei dem die Metallsegmente an ihrer oberen Seite einen gemeinsamen Metallring bilden. Der bekannte Schmelzbehälter besteht aus Keramik. In dem Durchlass des Schmelzbehälters ist ein Keramikeinsatz angeordnet, welcher aus einem unmittelbar in dem Durchlass sitzenden Keramikring und einem gegen diesen Keramikring anliegenden Dauereinsatz aus Keramik besteht, wobei die Metallsegmente mit ihrem Metallring lösbar in dem Dauereinsatz gehalten sind. Eine Beheizung des Auslaufs wird mit einer Induktionsspule bewirkt, die sich um die Metallsegmente der Gießdüse erstreckt. DE 197 386 82 B4 discloses a melting vessel with an outlet arranged in a passage in its base, which has a funnel formed from individual fluid-cooled metal segments, which is surrounded by a coil that can be charged with alternating current for inductive heating and in which the metal segments at their form a common metal ring on the upper side. The well-known melting container is made of ceramic. A ceramic insert is arranged in the passage of the melting container, which consists of a ceramic ring seated directly in the passage and a permanent ceramic insert lying against this ceramic ring, the metal segments being held detachably in the permanent insert with their metal ring. Heating of the spout is effected with an induction coil which extends around the metal segments of the pouring nozzle.
Weiterer Stand der Technik ist aus den Druckschriften DE 11 2009 001 950 T5Further prior art is from the publications DE 11 2009 001 950 T5
EP 0 518 536 A1 , KR 10-1090429, US 3,779,743, US 3,888,300, WO 2015/101552 A1 , DE 20 17469 A1 , DE 36 40 269 C1 , EP 0 869 854 B1 , EP 1 042 087 B1 , JP 2013 039 588 A, US 6,070,649 und US 2016/0052049 A1 bekannt. Es ist weiterhin im Stand der Technik bekannt, Gießdüsen bzw. Kegelsteine oder Tauchrohre mit direkten Brennern durch Verbrennen von Erdgas mit offener Flamme oder mit indirekten Brennern, die in einem Strahlungsrohr das Erdgas verbrennen, zu beheizen. Weiterhin ist bekannt, Gießdüsen mit sogenannten Porenbrennern zu erwärmen. EP 0 518 536 A1, KR 10-1090429, US Pat. No. 3,779,743, US Pat A, US 6,070,649 and US 2016/0052049 A1. It is also known in the prior art to heat pouring nozzles or conical bricks or dip tubes with direct burners by burning natural gas with an open flame or with indirect burners that burn the natural gas in a radiant tube. Furthermore, it is known to heat casting nozzles with so-called porous burners.
Eine kontrollierte Erwärmung einer Gießdüse ist mit den im Stand der Technik bekannten Mitteln verhältnismäßig schwierig, insbesondere unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgasatmosphäre bei unterschiedlichen Drücken. Controlled heating of a casting nozzle is relatively difficult with the means known in the prior art, in particular under vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere at different pressures.
Insbesondere wenn Gießdüsen, Kegelsteine, Tauchrohre oder Gießverteiler aus einem keramischen Feuerfestwerkstoff bestehen, ist eine gleichmäßige und kontrollierte Erwärmung besonders wichtig, um Rissbildungen im Material zu verhindern. Uniform and controlled heating is particularly important when pouring nozzles, cones, dip tubes or pouring distributors are made of a ceramic refractory material in order to prevent cracking in the material.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Gießdüse oder einen Gießverteiler der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, der die Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeidet. The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor of the type mentioned at the outset, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
Der Erfindung liegt weiterhin die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Anordnung zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse oder eines Gießverteilers und ein Verfahren zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung eines Gießverteilers bereitzustellen, die die zuvor erwähnten Nachteile nicht aufweisen. Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 betreffend eine Gießdüse oder einen Gießverteiler, die Merkmale des Anspruchs 5 betreffend eine Anordnung zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse oder eines Gießverteilers, durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 8 sowie durch eine Anlage mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 10. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. The invention is also based on the object of providing an arrangement for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor and a method for heating and/or preheating a pouring distributor which do not have the aforementioned disadvantages. The object is achieved by the features of claim 1 relating to a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor, the features of claim 5 relating to an arrangement for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle or a pouring distributor, by a method having the features of claim 8 and by a system with the features of claim 10. Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the dependent claims.
Ein Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung betrifft eine Gießdüse oder einen Gießverteiler zum Überführen von schmelzflüssigem Metall in ein metallurgisches Aggregat oder Gefäß, die zumindest teilweise aus einem Refraktärwerkstoff besteht und die sich insbesondere dadurch auszeichnet, dass diese wenigstens ein in den Refraktärwerkstoff eingebettetes Widerstandsheizelement aufweist. One aspect of the invention relates to a pouring nozzle or spreader for transferring molten metal into a metallurgical unit or vessel, which consists at least partially of a refractory material and is characterized in particular by the fact that it has at least one resistance heating element embedded in the refractory material.
Der Begriff Gießdüse im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung umfasst sowohl konische bzw. trichterförmige als auch röhrenförmige oder zylindrische Teile, die zur Abgabe von schmelzflüssigem Metall ausgebildet sind. Dies umfasst sowohl sogenannte Kegelsteine als auch Tauchrohre oder Ausläufe an Verteilerrinnen oder gar gesamte Gießverteiler. The term pouring nozzle within the meaning of the present invention includes both conical or funnel-shaped as well as tubular or cylindrical parts that are designed to deliver molten metal. This includes so-called cone bricks as well as dip tubes or outlets on distributor channels or even entire pouring distributors.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn die Gießdüse oder der Gießverteiler aus einem keramischen Werkstoff besteht, in den wenigstens ein Widerstandsheizelement eingebettet sein kann. Durch die vorzugsweise vollständige Einbettung des Widerstandsheizelements in den Werkstoff lässt sich eine besonders gleichmäßige Wärmeverteilung und Aufheizung der Gießdüse oder des Gießverteilers erreichen. It is particularly advantageous if the casting nozzle or the casting distributor consists of a ceramic material in which at least one resistance heating element can be embedded. Due to the preferably complete embedding of the resistance heating element in the material, a particularly uniform heat distribution and heating of the pouring nozzle or the pouring distributor can be achieved.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante der Gießdüse oder des Gießverteilers gemäß der Erfindung ist eine Vielzahl von Widerstandsheizelementen vorgesehen, die für unterschiedliche Heizleistungen ausgelegt sind. In a particularly advantageous variant of the pouring nozzle or pouring distributor according to the invention, a large number of resistance heating elements are provided, which are designed for different heat outputs.
Wenigstens ein Widerstandsheizelement kann als Heizleiter aus Metall oder Graphit ausgebildet sein. At least one resistance heating element can be designed as a heating conductor made of metal or graphite.
Ein weiterer Gesichtspunkt der Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse oder eines Gießverteilers der vorstehend beschriebenen Art unter Vakuum und/oder unter Schutzgasatmosphäre, umfassend wenigstens eine Spannungsquelle und einen Stromleiter, die mit Stromanschlüssen der Gießdüse oder des Gießverteilers verbunden sind. Die Anordnung zeichnet sich insbesondere durch wenigstens eine Regel- und Steuereinrichtung zur Regelung der Heizleistung des wenigstens einen Widerstandselements aus. A further aspect of the invention relates to an arrangement for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle or a casting distributor of the type described above under a vacuum and/or under an inert gas atmosphere, comprising at least one voltage source and a current conductor which are connected to the current connections of the casting nozzle or the casting distributor. The arrangement is characterized in particular by at least one regulating and control device for regulating the heating output of the at least one resistance element.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Variante der Anordnung gemäß der Erfindung ist eine Vielzahl von Spannungsquellen oder eine Spannungsquelle mit mehreren Leistungsebenen zur Bestromung von mehreren Widerstandsheizelementen vorgesehen, die für unterschiedliche Heizleistungen ausgelegt sind. Dadurch kann einem Vorwärmen, Erwärmen und Erhitzen mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und beliebigen Unter- und Überdrücken für Schmelz- und Warmhalteöfen, Pfannen sowie Rinnen und Verteilerrinnen Rechnung getragen werden. In a particularly advantageous variant of the arrangement according to the invention, a large number of voltage sources or a voltage source with a number of power levels is provided for energizing a number of resistance heating elements which are designed for different heating powers. As a result, preheating, warming and heating with different temperatures and any negative and positive pressures for melting and holding furnaces, ladles as well as troughs and distribution troughs can be taken into account.
Weiterhin wird erfindungsgemäß ein Verfahren zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse oder eines Gießverteilers mit wenigstens einem in einen Refraktärwerkstoff der Gießdüse oder des Gießverteilers eingebetteten Widerstandsheizelement vorgeschlagen, das sich durch eine kontinuierliche oder quasi kontinuierliche Erwärmung der Gießdüse oder des Gießverteilers unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgasatmosphäre durch eine geregelte Bestromung wenigstens eines Widerstandsheizelements auszeichnet. Furthermore, according to the invention, a method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle or a casting distributor is proposed with at least one resistance heating element embedded in a refractory material of the casting nozzle or the casting distributor, which is characterized by continuous or quasi-continuous heating of the casting nozzle or the casting distributor under vacuum and/or Inert gas atmosphere characterized by a regulated energization of at least one resistance heating element.
Vorzugsweise erfolgt eine Beheizung und/oder Erwärmung mit unterschiedlichen Heizleistungen und/oder mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturzonen. Heating and/or warming preferably takes place with different heating capacities and/or with different temperature zones.
Sowohl die Gießdüse oder Gießverteiler als auch die Anordnung und das Verfahren können Anwendung finden bei Vakuum-Induktions- Schmelzeinrichtungen bzw. Vakuum-Induktionsöfen, deren Induktionsspulen in einer Vakuumkammer oder außerhalb der Vakuumkammer angeordnet sind, bei Induktionshöfen oder Induktions-Schmelzofen Anlagen, die unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen betrieben werden, bei Vorherd Speicheröfen mit Stopfengießvorrichtung, die unter Vakuum und/oder unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen betrieben werden, bei Elektrolichtbogenöfen, die unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen mit Bodenabstich betrieben werden, bei Gieß- und Umfüllpfannen, die unter Vakuum oder atmosphärischen Bedingungen mit Bodenabstich betrieben werden sowie bei Rinnen und Verteilerrinnen, die an Stranggießanlagen und/oder Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen oder Induktions-Schmelzöfen mit Gießdüsen, Tauchrohren oder dergleichen. Both the casting nozzle or casting distributor as well as the arrangement and the method can be used in vacuum induction melting devices or vacuum induction furnaces, the induction coils of which are arranged in a vacuum chamber or outside the vacuum chamber, in induction furnaces or induction melting furnace systems that are under atmospheric Conditions are operated in the case of forehearth storage furnaces with a plug-type casting device, which are operated under vacuum and/or under atmospheric conditions, in the case of electric arc furnaces, which are operated under atmospheric conditions with bottom tapping, in pouring and transfer ladles that are operated under vacuum or atmospheric conditions with bottom tapping, as well as troughs and tundishes that are used on continuous casting plants and/or vacuum induction melting devices or induction melting furnaces with pouring nozzles, dip tubes or the like .
Erfindungsgemäß ist auch eine Anlage zum Chargieren, Schmelzen und Gießen von Metall unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgasatmosphäre mit wenigstens einer Gießdüse und/oder mit wenigstens einem Gießverteiler und/oder Anordnung der vorstehend beschriebenen Art vorgesehen, die wenigstens eine Vakuum- Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung, Mittel zum Chargieren von Ausgangsstoffen unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgas in die wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions- Schmelzeinrichtung, und wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung umfasst, die an die wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung anschließbar ist, wobei die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung wenigstens eine Speicherkammer umfasst, die gasdicht an eine Stranggießanlage oder eine Pulververdüsungsanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat ankoppelbar ist. According to the invention, a system for charging, melting and casting metal under vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere is also provided with at least one pouring nozzle and/or with at least one pouring distributor and/or arrangement of the type described above, which has at least one vacuum induction melting device, means for charging starting materials under vacuum and/or inert gas into the at least one vacuum induction melting device, and at least one vacuum induction casting device which can be connected to the at least one vacuum induction melting device, the vacuum induction casting device comprises at least one storage chamber which can be coupled gas-tight to a continuous casting plant or a powder atomization plant as a downstream unit.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels in den beigefügten Zeichnungen erläutert. The invention is explained below using an exemplary embodiment in the accompanying drawings.
Es zeigen: Show it:
Figur 1 eine Ansicht einer Anlage gemäß der Erfindung, Figure 1 is a view of a plant according to the invention,
Figur 2 eine schematische Darstellung einer vertikalen Stranggießanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat, Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a vertical continuous casting plant as a downstream unit,
Figur 3 eine schematische Darstellung einer horizontalen Stranggießanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat, Figur 4 eine schematische Darstellung einer Kreisbogen Stranggießanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat, Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a horizontal continuous casting plant as a downstream unit, Figure 4 is a schematic representation of a circular arc continuous casting plant as a downstream unit,
Figur 5 eine schematische Darstellung einer Gieß-Walzanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat, FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of a casting-rolling plant as a downstream unit,
Figur 6 eine schematische Darstellung einer Pulververdüsungsanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat, FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of a powder atomization system as a downstream unit,
Figur 7 eine schematische Schnittansicht der Anlage gemäß Figur 1 entlang der Schnittebene Vl-Vl in Figur 1 und FIG. 7 shows a schematic sectional view of the system according to FIG. 1 along the sectional plane VI-VI in FIG. 1 and
Figur 8 eine Schnittansicht durch eine Gießdüse gemäß der Erfindung mit einer Anordnung zum Beheizen. FIG. 8 shows a sectional view through a pouring nozzle according to the invention with an arrangement for heating.
Die in Figur 1 dargestellte Anlage umfasst eine Vakuum-Induktions- Gießeinrichtung 1 und zwei an die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 angeschlossene Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B. Bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 an eine vertikale Stranggießanlage 3 als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat angekoppelt. Anstelle dieser vertikalen Stranggießanlage 3 können die in den Figuren 3-6 dargestellten Aggregate vorgesehen sein. The system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a vacuum induction casting device 1 and two vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B connected to the vacuum induction casting device 1. In the illustrated embodiment, the vacuum induction casting device 1 is coupled to a vertical continuous casting plant 3 as a downstream unit. Instead of this vertical continuous casting plant 3, the units shown in FIGS. 3-6 can be provided.
Wie dies insbesondere aus der Schnittansicht in Figur 7 erkennbar ist, umfasst die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 eine Speicherkammer 4 und einen Vorherd 5, die miteinander kommunizieren. Innerhalb der Speicherkammer 4 ist ein Tiegelinduktor 30 angeordnet, der die Schmelze auf Gießtemperatur hält. As can be seen in particular from the sectional view in FIG. 7, the vacuum induction casting device 1 comprises a storage chamber 4 and a forehearth 5 which communicate with one another. A crucible inductor 30 is arranged inside the storage chamber 4 and keeps the melt at casting temperature.
Die Anordnung umfassend die Speicherkammer 4 und den Vorherd 5 ist in Kipplagern 6 um eine horizontale Achse schwenkbar gelagert (siehe Figur 1 ) und mittels wenigstens einer Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnung 7 um die horizontale Achse drehbar gelagert. The arrangement comprising the storage chamber 4 and the forehearth 5 is pivoted about a horizontal axis in tilting bearings 6 (see FIG. 1) and by means of at least one piston-cylinder arrangement 7 about the horizontal axis pivoted.
Die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 umfasst zwei Stopfengießvorrichtungen 8 sowie zugehörige Gießdüsen 9, über die schmelzflüssiges Metall an das jeweils nachgeschaltete Aggregat, beispielsweise an die vertikale Stranggießanlage 3, übergeben werden kann. Weiterhin ist die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 auf einem auf Schienen 10 verfahrbaren Untergestell 11 angeordnet, über die die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 quer ihrer Kippachse verfahrbar ist. Die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 ist auf Wiegezellen des Untergestells 11 gelagert. The vacuum induction casting device 1 comprises two stopper casting devices 8 and associated casting nozzles 9, via which the molten metal can be transferred to the respective downstream unit, for example to the vertical continuous casting plant 3. Furthermore, the vacuum induction casting device 1 is arranged on a base frame 11 that can be moved on rails 10, via which the vacuum induction casting device 1 can be moved transversely to its tilting axis. The vacuum induction casting device 1 is mounted on load cells of the base 11 .
Die Speicherkammer 4 der Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 ist jeweils über seitliche Durchführungen 12, welche sich durch die Kipplager 6 erstrecken, an jeweils eine Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung 2A, 2B angeschlossen. Die Verbindung zwischen den Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B und der Speicherkammer 4 der Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 ist mittels Faltenbalgabdichtungen 13 verschlossen. Die Durchführungen 12 sind weiterhin mittels Vakuumschiebern 14 verschließbar. The storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 is connected to a respective vacuum induction melting device 2A, 2B via lateral bushings 12 which extend through the tilting bearings 6 . The connection between the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B and the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 is closed by means of bellows seals 13. The bushings 12 can also be closed by means of vacuum slides 14 .
Das Aufschmelzen der Ausgangsstoffe erfolgt in den Vakuum-Induktions- Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B, die die Schmelze an die Speicherkammer 4 der Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 übergeben. Die Vakuum-Induktions- Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B sind im Wesentlichen identisch, sodass nachstehend nur eine der Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B beschrieben wird. The starting materials are melted in the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B, which transfer the melt to the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 . The vacuum induction melters 2A, 2B are essentially identical, so only one of the vacuum induction melters 2A, 2B will be described below.
Jede der Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B umfasst eine Ofenkammer 15, die Teil eines Oberofens 16 ist und die mit einem Schmelztiegel 17 gasdicht verschlossen ist. Der Schmelztiegel 17 ist in bekannter Art und Weise als induktiv beheiztes Schmelzgefäß ausgebildet. Dieser wird über ein nicht dargestelltes Schienensystem an den Oberofen 16 herangefahren und von unten an diesem befestigt. Der Schmelztiegel 17 wird bei dem dargestellten Beispiel in dem Oberofen 16 gehalten. Der Oberofen 16 ist in Kipplagern 6 schwenkbar gelagert und mittels zweier Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnungen 7 um eine horizontale Schwenkachse drehbar gelagert. An die Oberseite des Oberofens 16 ist ein Chargierturm 18 angeflanscht, der ebenfalls gasdicht anschließbar ist und als Schleuse für Chargierkörbe 19 dient, die das Ausgangsmaterial in den Schmelztiegel 17 einbringen. Seitlich an die Ofenkammer 15 ist eine Wechselkammer 20 angeschlossen, über die eine Verteilerrinne 21 als Gießverteiler in die Ofenkammer 15 einbringbar ist. Die Wechselkammer 20 ist ebenfalls als Schleusenkammer ausgebildet und über einen Vakuumschieber 14 bezüglich der Ofenkammer 15 absperrbar. Each of the vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B comprises a furnace chamber 15 which is part of an upper furnace 16 and which is sealed with a melting crucible 17 in a gas-tight manner. The crucible 17 is designed in a known manner as an inductively heated melting vessel. This is moved up to the upper furnace 16 via a rail system (not shown) and from below attached to this. The crucible 17 is held in the upper furnace 16 in the illustrated example. The upper furnace 16 is pivoted in tilting bearings 6 and pivoted by means of two piston-cylinder assemblies 7 about a horizontal pivot axis. A charging tower 18 is flanged to the top of the upper furnace 16, which can also be connected in a gas-tight manner and serves as a lock for charging baskets 19, which bring the starting material into the crucible 17. A changing chamber 20 is connected to the side of the furnace chamber 15, via which a distributor channel 21 can be introduced into the furnace chamber 15 as a casting distributor. The changing chamber 20 is also designed as a lock chamber and can be shut off with respect to the oven chamber 15 via a vacuum slide 14 .
Mit dem Bezugszeichen 22 sind auf Wiegezellen gelagerte Bunkeranlagen bezeichnet, die Ausgangsstoffe oder Legierungszusätze über Beschickungsleitungen 23 dem Schmelztiegel 17 und/oder der Speicherkammer 4 aufgeben können. Die Bunkeranlagen 22 und/oder Beschickungsleitungen 23 können jeweils mittels nicht näher bezeichneter Vakuumschieber zu den Ofenkammern 15 und/oder zu der Speicherkammer 4 verschlossen werden. The reference number 22 designates bunker systems mounted on weighing cells, which can supply the starting materials or alloy additives to the crucible 17 and/or the storage chamber 4 via feed lines 23 . The bunker systems 22 and/or feed lines 23 can each be closed off from the furnace chambers 15 and/or from the storage chamber 4 by means of vacuum slide valves, which are not specified in detail.
Bei dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung werden zunächst Rohstoffe über Chargierkörbe 19 den Schmelztiegeln 17 unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgasatmosphäre zugeführt und in diesen ebenfalls unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgasatmosphäre aufgeschmolzen, gegebenenfalls unter Beschickung mit weiteren Legierungsbestandteilen. Nach abgeschlossener Behandlung der Schmelze in einem Schmelztiegel 17 wird beispielsweise in die Ofenkammer 15 einer Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung 2A eine in einer Wechselkammer 20 vorgewärmte Verteilerrinne 21 in die Ofenkammer 15 so verbracht, dass diese sich unterhalb einer Gießschnauze 24 des Schmelztiegels 17 befindet. Die Verteilerrinne 21 ist so bemessen, dass diese sich in der Gießstellung bis in die Speicherkammer 4 erstreckt. Die Vakuum Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen 2A, 2B haben bezüglich der Speicherkammer 4 der Vakuum-Induktions- Gießeinrichtung 1 ein Gefälle von etwa 2°. Der Schmelztiegel 17 wird um die Kipplager 6 geschwenkt, sodass sich die Schmelze in diesem vollständig in die Verteilerrinne 21 entleeren kann. Die Schmelze gelangt durch die mittels Faltenbalgabdichtung 13 verschlossenen Durchführungen 12 von der Vakuum- Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung 2A in die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1. Über eine Regelung der Stopfengießvorrichtung 8 in dem Vorherd 5 der Vakuum- Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 gelangt die Schmelze dann ebenfalls unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgas in das nachgeschaltete Aggregat. Während die Schmelze in einer Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung 2A gegossen wird, kann die Behandlung der Schmelze in der anderen Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung 2B erfolgen, die anschließend die Schmelze zwecks Überführung in die Speicherkammer 4 der Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 in eine Verteilerrinne 21 gießt. In the method according to the invention, raw materials are first fed via charging baskets 19 to the crucibles 17 in a vacuum and/or inert gas atmosphere and are also melted therein in a vacuum and/or inert gas atmosphere, optionally with charging with other alloying components. After the treatment of the melt in a crucible 17 has been completed, for example, a distributor trough 21 preheated in an exchange chamber 20 is brought into the furnace chamber 15 of a vacuum induction melting device 2A in such a way that it is located below a pouring spout 24 of the crucible 17. The distribution channel 21 is dimensioned such that it extends into the storage chamber 4 in the pouring position. The vacuum induction melting devices 2A, 2B have with respect to the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction Pouring device 1 a slope of about 2 °. The crucible 17 is pivoted about the tilting bearing 6 so that the melt in it can be emptied completely into the distribution channel 21 . The melt passes through the passages 12, which are closed by means of a bellows seal 13, from the vacuum induction melting device 2A into the vacuum induction casting device 1. The melt then also passes via a control of the stopper casting device 8 in the forehearth 5 of the vacuum induction casting device 1 under vacuum and/or inert gas in the downstream unit. While the melt is being cast in one vacuum induction melter 2A, the treatment of the melt can be done in the other vacuum induction melter 2B, which subsequently melts the melt into a tundish for transfer to the storage chamber 4 of the vacuum induction caster 1 21 pours.
Über eine Stopfenregelung wird die flüssige Schmelze durch die Gießdüsen 9 beispielsweise in die Stranggießkokille der vertikalen Stranggießanlage 3 dosiert. The liquid melt is metered through the casting nozzles 9, for example, into the continuous casting mold of the vertical continuous casting plant 3 by means of a stopper control.
Die Stopfengießvorrichtung 8 umfasst in Stopfenkammern 25 geführte Stopfenstangen 26, die an ihrem führenden Ende einen Verschlusskörper bilden oder aufweisen und bei verschlossenen Gießdüsen 9 in diese eintauchen. Die Vakuumdichtigkeit der Stranggießkokillen wird über Vakuumflansche 27 gewährleistet, die Teil der in Figur 8 dargestellten Faltenbalgabdichtung 13 sind. The stopper casting device 8 comprises stopper rods 26 guided in stopper chambers 25, which form or have a closure body at their leading end and, when the casting nozzles 9 are closed, dip into them. The vacuum tightness of the continuous casting molds is ensured via vacuum flanges 27, which are part of the bellows seal 13 shown in FIG.
Die Dosierung von Gießpulver in die Stranggießkokille bzw. auf die Schmelze unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgas erfolgt durch mindestens eine vakuum- und schutzgasdichte Dosiereinrichtung 28, die auf Wiegezellen gelagert sowie auf einem verfahrbaren Wagen 29 angeordnet ist. Eine Dosierleitung, die gegen die Atmosphäre mit einem Vakuumventil geschützt ist, mündet in die Vakuumabdichtung der Schnittstelle zwischen der Vakuum-Induktions- Gießeinrichtung 1 und das nachgeschaltete Aggregat bzw. die nachgeschaltete Stranggießanlage 3. Zum Wechsel der Gießdüse 9 und/oder der Stopfenstange 26 werden die Gießdüsen 9 mit dem Verschlusskörper der Stopfenstange 26 verschlossen, sodann wird die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 gekippt, sodass die Schmelze sich von dem Vorherd 5 in die Speicherkammer 4 verlagert. Anschließend kann die Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung 1 auf den Schienen 10 quer zu der Kippachse verlagert werden. The dosing of casting powder into the continuous casting mold or onto the melt under vacuum and/or inert gas is carried out by at least one vacuum-tight and inert-gas-tight dosing device 28, which is mounted on load cells and arranged on a movable carriage 29. A dosing line, which is protected against the atmosphere with a vacuum valve, opens into the vacuum seal of the interface between the vacuum induction casting device 1 and the downstream unit or the downstream continuous casting plant 3. To change the pouring nozzle 9 and/or the stopper rod 26, the pouring nozzles 9 are closed with the closure body of the stopper rod 26, then the vacuum induction casting device 1 is tilted so that the melt is shifted from the forehearth 5 into the storage chamber 4. The vacuum induction casting device 1 can then be displaced on the rails 10 transversely to the tilting axis.
Die in Figur 8 im Schnitt dargestellte Gießdüse 9 umfasst einen Kegelstein 31 sowie ein Tauchrohr 32, die aus einem keramischen Feuerfestmaterial bzw. einem keramischen Refraktärwerkstoff bestehen. In den Werkstoff des Kegelsteins 31 sowie des Tauchrohres 32 sind Widerstandsheizelemente 33 in Form von Widerstandsdrähten eingebettet. Die Widerstandsheizelemente 33 werden über eine Hochstromversorgung 34 als Spannungsquelle mit Strom beschickt. Die Hochstromversorgung 34 kann über Hochstrom kabel 35 oder flexibler Hochstrombänder zu Stromanschlüssen 36 der Gießdüse 9 geführt sein. The casting nozzle 9 shown in section in FIG. 8 comprises a conical brick 31 and an immersion tube 32, which consist of a ceramic refractory material or a ceramic refractory material. Resistance heating elements 33 in the form of resistance wires are embedded in the material of the cone stone 31 and of the immersion tube 32 . The resistance heating elements 33 are supplied with current via a high-current power supply 34 as a voltage source. The high-current supply 34 can be routed to power connections 36 of the pouring nozzle 9 via high-current cables 35 or flexible high-current bands.
In Figur 8 sind lediglich Stromanschlüssen 36 an dem Kegelstein 31 der Gießdüse 9 gezeigt. Erfindungsgemäß können sowohl der Kegelstein 31 als auch das Tauchrohr 32 eine Vielzahl von Widerstandsheizelementen 33 und Stromanschlüssen 36 zur Realisierung verschiedener Temperaturzonen umfassen. Die Leistungszufuhr an die Widerstandsheizelemente 33 erfolgt vorzugsweise mit Hilfe einer nicht dargestelltes Regeleinrichtung geregelt auf eine Soll-Temperatur und quasi kontinuierlich, sodass die Erwärmung bzw. Erhitzung sowohl des Kegelsteins 31 als auch des Tauchrohres 32 ohne Rissbildung auf eine vorgegebene Soll-Temperatur erfolgen kann. In FIG. 8, only power connections 36 on the cone 31 of the pouring nozzle 9 are shown. According to the invention, both the cone 31 and the immersion tube 32 can comprise a large number of resistance heating elements 33 and power connections 36 for realizing different temperature zones. The power is preferably supplied to the resistance heating elements 33 with the aid of a control device, not shown, in a quasi-continuous manner to a target temperature, so that the cone stone 31 and the immersion tube 32 can be warmed or heated to a specified target temperature without cracking.
Obwohl die in Figur 8 dargestellte Anordnung das Verfahren zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung unter Bezugnahme auf eine Gießdüse 9 mit Kegelstein 31 und Tauchrohr 32 beschrieben ist, ist im Rahmen der Erfindung beispielsweise auch eine Beheizung der Verteilerrinnen 21 in der vorstehend beschriebenen Art und Weise möglich. Although the arrangement shown in Figure 8 describes the method for heating and/or preheating with reference to a pouring nozzle 9 with cone 31 and immersion tube 32, within the scope of the invention, for example, heating of the distribution channels 21 in the manner described above is also included and way possible.
Unter Hochstrom im Sinne der vorliegenden Erfindung werden Spannungen in der Höhe von bis zu 10 kV vorzugsweise bei Strömen von größer als 100 A verstanden. For the purposes of the present invention, high current means voltages of up to 10 kV, preferably at currents of more than 100 A.
Bezugszeichenliste Reference List
1 Vakuum-Induktions-Gießeinrichtung1 vacuum induction casting device
2A, 2B Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtungen2A, 2B vacuum induction melting devices
3 Stranggießanlage 3 continuous caster
4 Speicherkammer 4 storage chamber
5 Vorherd 5 forefront
6 Kipplager 6 pivot bearings
7 Kolben-Zylinder-Anordnungen 7 piston-cylinder arrangements
8 Stopfengießvorrichtung 8 stopper pouring device
9 Gießdüsen 9 pouring nozzles
10 Schienen 10 rails
11 Untergestell 11 base
12 Durchführungen 12 feedthroughs
13 Faltenbalgabdichtungen 13 bellows seals
14 Vakuumschieber 14 vacuum slide
15 Ofenkammer 15 furnace chamber
16 Oberofen 16 upper furnace
17 Schmelztiegel 17 crucibles
18 Chargierturm 18 charging tower
19 Chargierkörbe 19 charging baskets
20 Wechselkammer 20 change chamber
21 Verteilerrinne 21 distribution trough
22 Bunkeranlagen 22 bunkers
23 Beschickungsleitungen 23 feed lines
24 Gießschnauze 24 pour spout
25 Stopfenkammern 25 stopper chambers
26 Stopfenstangen 26 stopper rods
27 Vakuumflansch 27 vacuum flange
28 Dosiereinrichtung 28 dosing device
29 Wagen 30 Tiegelinduktor 29 wagons 30 crucible inductor
31 Kegelstein 31 cone stone
32 Tauchrohr 32 dip tube
33 Widerstandsheizelemente 34 Hochstromversorgung33 resistance heating elements 34 high current supply
35 Hochstrom kabel 35 high-current cables
36 Stromanschlüsse 36 power connectors

Claims

Patentansprüche patent claims
1. Gießdüse (9) oder Gießverteiler zum Überführen von schmelzflüssigem Metall in ein metallurgisches Aggregat oder Gefäß, zumindest teilweise bestehend aus einem Refraktärwerkstoff umfassend wenigstens ein in den Refraktärwerkstoff eingebettetes Widerstandsheizelement (33). 1. Pouring nozzle (9) or pouring distributor for transferring molten metal into a metallurgical aggregate or vessel, at least partially consisting of a refractory material comprising at least one resistance heating element (33) embedded in the refractory material.
2. Gießdüse (9) oder Gießverteiler nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Refraktärwerkstoff ein keramischer Werkstoff ist. 2. pouring nozzle (9) or pouring distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory material is a ceramic material.
3. Gießdüse (9) oder Gießverteiler nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vielzahl von Widerstandsheizelementen (33) vorgesehen ist, die für unterschiedliche Heizleistungen ausgelegt sind. 3. pouring nozzle (9) or pouring distributor according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a plurality of resistance heating elements (33) is provided, which are designed for different heat outputs.
4. Gießdüse (9) oder Gießverteiler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens ein Widerstandsheizelement (33) als Heizleiter aus Metall oder Graphit ausgebildet ist. 4. casting nozzle (9) or casting distributor according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one resistance heating element (33) is designed as a heating conductor made of metal or graphite.
5. Anordnung zur Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse (9) oder eines Gießverteilers mit den Merkmalen eines der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 unter Vakuum und/oder unter Schutzgasatmosphäre, umfassend wenigstens eine Spannungsquelle und Stromleiter, die mit Stromanschlüssen (36) der Gießdüse (9) oder des Gießverteilers verbunden sind. 5. Arrangement for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle (9) or a pouring distributor with the features of one of claims 1 to 4 in a vacuum and/or in an inert gas atmosphere, comprising at least one voltage source and current conductor which are connected to current connections (36) of the pouring nozzle ( 9) or the casting distributor are connected.
6. Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, gekennzeichnet durch wenigstens eine Regel- und Steuereinrichtung zur Regelung der Heizleistung des wenigstens einen Widerstandsheizelements (33). 6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized by at least one regulating and control device for regulating the heating output of the at least one resistance heating element (33).
7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Vielzahl von Spannungsquellen oder eine Spannungsquelle mit mehreren Leistungsebenen zur Bestromung von mehreren Widerstandsheizelementen (33) vorgesehen ist, die für unterschiedliche Heizleistungen ausgelegt sind. 7. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that a plurality of voltage sources or a voltage source with multiple power levels for energizing multiple resistance heating elements (33) is provided, which are designed for different heating power.
8. Verfahren zu Beheizung und/oder Vorwärmung einer Gießdüse (9) oder eines Gießverteilers mit wenigstens einem in einen Refraktärwerkstoff der Gießdüse oder des Gießverteilers eingebetteten Widerstandsheizelement (33), gekennzeichnet durch eine kontinuierliche Erwärmung der Gießdüse (9) oder des Gießverteilers unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgasatmosphäre durch eine geregelte Bestromung wenigstens eines Widerstandsheizelements (33). 8. Method for heating and/or preheating a pouring nozzle (9) or a pouring distributor with at least one resistance heating element (33) embedded in a refractory material of the pouring nozzle or the pouring distributor, characterized by continuous heating of the pouring nozzle (9) or the pouring distributor under vacuum and /or protective gas atmosphere by a controlled current flow of at least one resistance heating element (33).
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Beheizung und/oder Erwärmung mit unterschiedlichen Heizleistungen und/oder mit unterschiedlichen Temperaturzonen erfolgt. 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that heating and/or warming takes place with different heating capacities and/or with different temperature zones.
10. Anlage zum Chargieren, Schmelzen und Gießen von Metall unter Vakuum und/oder unter Schutzgasatmosphäre mit wenigstens einer Gießdüse (9) und/oder mit wenigstens einem Gießverteiler nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 und/oder wenigstens einer Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, umfassend wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions-Schmelzeinrichtung (2A,2B) , Mittel zum Chargieren von Ausgangsstoffen unter Vakuum und/oder Schutzgas in die wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions- Schmelzeinrichtung (2A,2B) , wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions- Gießeinrichtung (1) , die an die wenigstens eine Vakuum-Induktions- Schmelzeinrichtung (2A,2B) anschließbar ist, wobei die Vakuum-Induktions- Gießeinrichtung (1 ) wenigstens eine Speicherkammer (4) umfasst, die gasdicht an eine Stranggießanlage (3) oder eine Pulververdüsungsanlage als nachgeschaltetes Aggregat ankoppelbar ist. 10. Plant for charging, melting and casting metal under vacuum and/or under a protective gas atmosphere with at least one pouring nozzle (9) and/or with at least one pouring distributor according to one of claims 1 to 4 and/or at least one arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 7, comprising at least one vacuum induction melting device (2A, 2B), means for charging starting materials under vacuum and/or inert gas into the at least one vacuum induction melting device (2A, 2B), at least one vacuum induction casting device (1) which can be connected to the at least one vacuum induction melting device (2A, 2B), the vacuum induction casting device (1) comprising at least one storage chamber (4) which is gas-tight to a continuous casting plant (3) or a Powder atomization system can be coupled as a downstream unit.
EP21763254.6A 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Casting nozzle or casting distributor, assembly and method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle Pending EP4192640A1 (en)

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DE102020209989 2020-08-06
PCT/EP2021/072023 WO2022029298A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Casting nozzle or casting distributor, assembly and method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle

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EP21763254.6A Pending EP4192640A1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Casting nozzle or casting distributor, assembly and method for heating and/or preheating a casting nozzle
EP21763258.7A Active EP4192639B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Device for automatically controlling a stopper casting device, and system for charging, melting, and casting metal and metal alloys under a vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere
EP21763257.9A Active EP4192636B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 System for charging, melting and casting metal and metal alloys in a vacuum and/or shielding gas atmosphere and method for quasi-continuous melting and casting of metal in a vacuum and/or shielding gas atmosphere
EP21763256.1A Active EP4192637B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Vacuum induction casting device for casting metal and metal alloys under a vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere, and method for changing a stopper rod and/or a closure body of a stopper casting device on a vacuum induction casting device

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EP21763258.7A Active EP4192639B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Device for automatically controlling a stopper casting device, and system for charging, melting, and casting metal and metal alloys under a vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere
EP21763257.9A Active EP4192636B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 System for charging, melting and casting metal and metal alloys in a vacuum and/or shielding gas atmosphere and method for quasi-continuous melting and casting of metal in a vacuum and/or shielding gas atmosphere
EP21763256.1A Active EP4192637B1 (en) 2020-08-06 2021-08-06 Vacuum induction casting device for casting metal and metal alloys under a vacuum and/or a protective gas atmosphere, and method for changing a stopper rod and/or a closure body of a stopper casting device on a vacuum induction casting device

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WO2022029300A1 (en) 2022-02-10
EP4192639A1 (en) 2023-06-14
EP4192636A1 (en) 2023-06-14
EP4192637B1 (en) 2024-04-17
EP4192639B1 (en) 2024-10-09
EP4192636B1 (en) 2024-02-14
EP4192637A1 (en) 2023-06-14
WO2022029302A1 (en) 2022-02-10
WO2022029301A1 (en) 2022-02-10
WO2022029298A1 (en) 2022-02-10

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