EP4159942B1 - Toilettenschüssel mit wasserspülung - Google Patents

Toilettenschüssel mit wasserspülung

Info

Publication number
EP4159942B1
EP4159942B1 EP21205572.7A EP21205572A EP4159942B1 EP 4159942 B1 EP4159942 B1 EP 4159942B1 EP 21205572 A EP21205572 A EP 21205572A EP 4159942 B1 EP4159942 B1 EP 4159942B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
toilet
bowl
toilet bowl
water
outlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21205572.7A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4159942A1 (de
EP4159942C0 (de
Inventor
Artur Antonczak
Miroslaw Zapora
Tomasz RUDNIK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cersanit SA
Original Assignee
Cersanit SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cersanit SA filed Critical Cersanit SA
Priority to HRP20251565TT priority Critical patent/HRP20251565T1/hr
Publication of EP4159942A1 publication Critical patent/EP4159942A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4159942C0 publication Critical patent/EP4159942C0/de
Publication of EP4159942B1 publication Critical patent/EP4159942B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02—Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • E03D11/08—Bowls with means producing a flushing water swirl
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/02—Water-closet bowls ; Bowls with a double odour seal optionally with provisions for a good siphonic action; siphons as part of the bowl
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D11/00—Other component parts of water-closets, e.g. noise-reducing means in the flushing system, flushing pipes mounted in the bowl, seals for the bowl outlet, devices preventing overflow of the bowl contents; devices forming a water seal in the bowl after flushing, devices eliminating obstructions in the bowl outlet or preventing backflow of water and excrements from the waterpipe
    • E03D11/13—Parts or details of bowls; Special adaptations of pipe joints or couplings for use with bowls, e.g. provisions in bowl construction preventing backflow of waste-water from the bowl in the flushing pipe or cistern, provisions for a secondary flushing, for noise-reducing

Definitions

  • This invention concerns a water-flushed toilet pan with a toilet bowl.
  • Water-flushed toilet pans with a toilet bowl supplied with flush water and connected to a sewage drain are commonly known and used.
  • Water-flushed toilet pans normally have a body with a pan-shaped bowl with an opening in the top part, wherein the bowl is connected to a drain of used sewage, usually using a water trap.
  • Toilet pans are normally made of ceramic material.
  • the flushing of a toilet pan with water is used to carry out two operations: to clean the toilet bowl's inner surface and to carry the used water along with impurities through the trap to the drain.
  • the inner top edge of the bowl has a so-called flush rim, which has the form of a circumferential channel provided with holes or a slot, which acts as a ring-shaped shower. Flushing is performed by directing a part of water into the hollow rim, from which it is drained into the bowl through a narrow slot or a series of holes arranged at a certain space, which enables the washing of the inner surface of the bowl.
  • Higher water volumes may be directed at specific points in the bowl, for example downwards onto the front and rear surfaces of the pan (e.g.
  • the part of the rim with the channel may be made either as a separate hollow section and added to the bowl during production or as an integral part of the bowl, during the production process. In either case, it usually has the form of a collar; it protrudes inside so that it hangs down from the top part of the pan around the whole or a part of its rim.
  • toilet pans with other flushing mechanisms for example such that use a rotary (approximately swirling) motion of water flux induced by the introduction of water flux tangential with the bowl, as well as toilet pans which, in place of the hanging collar, have a hollow groove/channel that surrounds the inner surface of the bowl.
  • the bowl arrangement that uses a conventional, annular flush rim (usually with a collar) as well as any type of hollow channels or grooves, implies hard-to-reach areas within the bowl, which have the form of overhangs or concavities, which significantly hinders or sometimes even prevents effective cleaning of the toilet bowl.
  • the channel in the flush rim is completely inaccessible and impossible to be cleaned.
  • Such a design therefore makes conventional toilet pans particularly susceptible to contamination and deposits in the form of scale.
  • the flushing of bowls with such a structure is relatively ineffective and, in consequence, high volumes of water must be used.
  • water flowing down on the bowl's walls reaches the trap with an insufficient momentum, which makes it possible that a single flushing cycle will not move all impurities into the drain.
  • a water-flushed toilet pan with a symmetric internal shape of the bowl and a conventional flush rim is disclosed, for example, in the description in British application GB 685960 A .
  • Patent GB 2045311 B proposes a toilet bowl with an essentially smooth internal contour, which has no collar around its rim.
  • the rim of that bowl is, however, surrounded by a hollow water channel provided with one or more flush holes.
  • the hollows made in that rim bowl, as in a conventional collar, also make it difficult to maintain the toilet pan clean, as they can collect impurities and scale.
  • Patent EP 2604761 B1 constitutes the closest prior art to the developed solution. That document concerns a water-flushed toilet pan which does not have a conventional flush rim, whose flush stream is asymmetric, and which is provided with a bowl having an asymmetric shape.
  • the essence of the solution disclosed herein is that the shape of the toilet bowl is asymmetric to the vertical central plane, and consequently the internal shape of the bowl determines the route of flush water flux, i.e. it forces it to move in a specified way: circumferentially at the internal wall of the bowl.
  • the route of flush water flux on one side of the central plane is located lower than on the other side, and as a result the water's rotary motion is overlaid with a downward motion dependent on the internal shape of the bowl, and thus the speed of flush water is increased by the vertical component directed downwards, caused by the internal shape of the bowl.
  • Document DE 202017105106 U1 discloses a toilet pan in which an arcuate water guide groove is formed on the upper edge of an inner wall of a toilet bowl located in the front area of the toilet.
  • the side of the groove facing into the interior of the toilet bowl is open, and two end surfaces of the water guide groove each have a water guide groove inlet opening.
  • a flush toilet having a bowl including a shelf formed above the waste receiving surface, a rim forming an inner wall surface rising from the outer edge of the shelf.
  • the bowl includes a front side region and a rear side region, respectively, formed on the front side and the rear side of a center axis extending horizontally in the left-right direction.
  • the inner wall surface includes an overhang portion protruding toward inside of the bowl obliquely from the bottom end of the overhang portion. The ratio between the overhang amount and the width of the shelf is set smaller than 1.0.
  • a first curvature radius of a first curved surface of the inner connecting surface in a vertical plane in a front end of the front side region of the bowl is larger than a second curvature radius of a second curved surface of the outer connecting surface in the vertical plane in the front end of the front side region of the bowl.
  • a bottom end of the overhang part is located outside the outer edge of the shelf, the shelf being shaped to have a width (W2) measured in a horizontal direction at a location in the front side region.
  • the overhang part is shaped to protrude for an amount (W1) measured in the horizontal direction at said location in the front side region, and includes a sloped surface configured to slope from the bottom end of the overhang part toward an innermost portion of the overhang part at front and rear ends of the bowl.
  • a ratio W1/W2 is set smaller than 1.0.
  • Patent EP 2604761 B1 discloses a toilet pan without a conventional flush rim, which has a bowl whose shape is asymmetric to the vertical central plane, and where water is introduced into the bowl asymmetrically.
  • a solution alternative to the mentioned technical issue is provided by a toilet pan according to claim 1, whose structure does not include a flush rim (i.e. includes a rimless bowl), which supplies water into the bowl asymmetrically but at the same time has a symmetric bowl. That structure will be presented more specifically further in this description.
  • the pan being most effective in terms of the speed of bringing water down in the toilet bowl is a pan that is symmetric to the vertical central plane and asymmetrically introduces water into the bowl; water is introduced tangentially with the inner surface of the bowl, in its top part, at the rear of the bowl, and directed rightwards or leftwards.
  • a bowl allows for much faster and more dynamic bringing of water down than in an asymmetric pan, which is known from, for example, the aforesaid patent EP 2604761 B1 .
  • Such a symmetric shape of the pan makes it possible to generate rotary motion of flush water in the toilet bowl as well as to achieve a significant vertical component of the speed of water flux motion downwards to the outlet leading to the trap.
  • Flush water in a bowl with such a shape moves with a high momentum, which additionally improves its cleaning properties, as it can separate impurities from the bowl's internal walls with a higher strength.
  • the authors of this invention have also found out that for more effective flushing, particularly with a low volume of flush water, apart from a clear vertical speed component, it is also important to ensure adequately long retention of water in the bowl and to direct the water in such a way to clean the bowl's internal walls as precisely as possible, which can be achieved in this invention owing to the presence of one or more (preferably two) thresholds in the bowl.
  • the thresholds prolong the rotary motion of water flux, and thus enable efficient use of the energy of flush water flux.
  • the said thresholds form areas on the bowl's inner surface where vertical inclination of such inner surface is lower than in the areas located directly above and below them. Colloquially speaking, the areas are "more horizontal".
  • the threshold has the form of a bulge that runs horizontally around the inner surface of the toilet bowl.
  • the thresholds run horizontally, essentially around the entire bowl. As the entire inner surface of the bowl below the flush water inlet, the thresholds are symmetric (left side to right side) relative to the vertical central plane.
  • the toilet pan according to the present invention has a bowl without a flush rim, which will be further referred to as a rimless bowl.
  • the internal shape of such a bowl does not have a flush rim, that is a circumferential flush water channel whose inlet holes used for the inflow of water into the bowl are pointed downwards.
  • the structure according to the present invention which combines the absence of rim, asymmetric introduction of flush water into the rim and a symmetric bowl, is not only novel but also non-obvious in view of prior art. In particular, it cannot be obtained by combining the solutions described in GB 2431937 A and EP 2604761 B1 referred to above.
  • the water-flushed toilet pan with a rimless toilet bowl with the supply of flush water in the rear top part of the toilet bowl, which includes an inlet pipe terminated on its downstream end with an inlet hole and a channel located further downstream behind the inlet hole, terminated with an outlet, wherein an outlet hole to a trap is located in the bottom part of the toilet bowl, the toilet pan having a first central plane A-A, which, when the toilet pan is assembled, is parallel to the installation wall and abstractly divides the toilet pan through the centre of the outlet hole into a front and a rear section, which rear section adjoins an installation wall, as well as a perpendicular second central plane C-C, which abstractly divides the toilet pan through the centre of the outlet hole into a right and a left section, and wherein the toilet bowl has a top edge that is a fragment of the top inner surface of the toilet bowl, located directly below an external cover and having an approximately elliptical shape, formed as a flat ring whose walls are essentially vertical, on which top edge the external
  • a height of the upper threshold measured vertically is 4 mm
  • a width of the upper threshold measured horizontally is 9 mm
  • a radius of curvature of the upper threshold in normal plane relative to the inner surface of the toilet bowl is 14 mm
  • the radius of curvature of the arc between the top edge and the beginning of the upper threshold at the said plane is 20 mm.
  • a first section of the channel downstream of the inlet hole is directed to the right or left side of the bowl and is slightly bent according to the shape of the top edge, and further has a curve of approximately 180°, so the outlet is located on the right or left side of the toilet bowl but is directed to the opposite side than the said first section of the channel, so to the left or right side, correspondingly.
  • the toilet bowl has a lower threshold formed as a bulge running around the inner surface of the toilet bowl, whereas it protrudes less in the rear area of the toilet bowl than in other areas thereof.
  • the lower threshold has a radius of curvature in normal plane relative to the inner surface of the toilet bowl, ranging from 32 to 66 mm.
  • the lower threshold is located below the halfway between the upper threshold and the level of water surface, preferably at 2/3 of the distance between the upper threshold and the level of water surface.
  • the toilet bowl has a section shaped as a bevelled cone whose diameter is gradually reduced towards the trap.
  • the toilet bowl is curved and essentially has the shape of a basin.
  • the bottom of the channel is provided with a barrier formed as a bulge or a step that runs transversely to the length of that channel, between its walls, preferably at the halfway point of the curve of the channel, and more preferably behind the halfway point of the curve of the channel viewed from the inlet hole to the outlet.
  • a barrier formed as a bulge or a step that runs transversely to the length of that channel, between its walls, preferably at the halfway point of the curve of the channel, and more preferably behind the halfway point of the curve of the channel viewed from the inlet hole to the outlet.
  • a height of the barrier is 4 to 10 mm, preferably 5 mm, and a width of the barrier is 1 to 15 mm, preferably 4 mm.
  • the cross sectional area of flush water inlet hole is 15.5 to 16.5 cm 2 , preferably 16.04 cm 2 .
  • the cross sectional area of the channel in the part between the inlet hole and the curve is 16 to 17.5 cm 2 , preferably 16.81 cm 2 .
  • the channel's cross section is flattened, which means its height is larger than its width (it narrows down mostly at the outlet).
  • the channel's cross section is rectangular.
  • the relation of the height of the vertical outlet to the width of that outlet is 4.0 to 4.12, preferably 4.06.
  • the height of the outlet is 68 to 74 mm, preferably 71 mm, and the width of the outlet is 17 to 18 mm, preferably 17.5 mm.
  • the channel has a curve with a radius of curvature of 27 to 40 mm.
  • the height of the top edge is 66 to 93 mm.
  • a distance between the first central plane A-A and a point of the toilet bowl most protruding frontwards is 240 mm.
  • the present invention allows for effective cleaning of the bowl surface and, owing to the high momentum of flush water, effective movement of water with impurities into the trap and drain.
  • the structure of the toilet bowl according to the invention additionally allows for significant reduction in the volume of flush water, which is beneficial in terms of economy and the environment.
  • the toilet pan according to the invention is also easy to clean, as it has smooth internal walls that are easily accessible for cleaning, and given its simple design, its production is easy and cheap.
  • Fig. 1 to Fig. 9 show the toilet pan according to the invention with two thresholds
  • Fig. 10 to Fig. 17 show the toilet pan according to the invention with one threshold
  • the drawing uses the following numerical symbols: 1 - toilet bowl, 2 - outlet hole, 3 - trap, 4 - drain, 5 - external cover, 6 - top edge, 7 - inlet hole, 8 - inlet pipe, 9 - channel, 10 - outlet, 11 - protrusion, 12 - upper threshold, 13 - lower threshold, 14 - barrier.
  • the drawing figures generally present a toilet pan with a rimless toilet bowl (without a circumferential flush water channel whose inlet holes used for the inflow of water into the bowl are pointed downwards), made for example of ceramic material.
  • Fig. 1 to Fig. 9 show a toilet pan according to the invention, provided with two water retention thresholds
  • Fig. 10 to Fig. 17 show a toilet pan according to the invention, provided with one water retention threshold (the second bulge visible in the drawing is located lower, at the level of water surface, so within the meaning of this invention it is not counted as a threshold retaining water in the bowl).
  • Fig. 1 shows a top view on the toilet bowl according to the invention, with marked planes crossing the bowl in specified locations: the first central plane A-A, which crosses the toilet pan horizontally, in parallel to the installation wall (not shown) in the pan's assembled condition, and runs through the centre of the outlet hole 2; plane B-B, which crosses the pan horizontally below plane A-A, outside the outlet hole 2; second central plane C-C, which is perpendicular to the said planes A-A and B-B and crosses the pan vertically, dividing it into two equal sections: right and left.
  • the outlet hole 2 is located in the bottom part of the toilet bowl 1 and leads to the trap 3, which is connected to the rear outlet 4 in a known manner (the trap 3 and the rear outlet 4 are not shown in Fig.
  • the toilet bowl 1 has an external cover 5 with a hole having an approximately elliptical shape, and the outlet hole 2 within that ellipse is shifted backwards (towards the rear outlet 4) and located centrally relative to central plane C-C, which is a known solution in toilet bowls.
  • the distance between plane A-A and the point of the toilet bowl 1 most protruding outside is 240 mm.
  • Section plane B-B was chosen arbitrarily to better depict the pan's symmetry. That plane is located in Fig.
  • Fig. 2a shows a toilet pan without the external cover 5.
  • the toilet bowl 1 has a top edge 6, which forms the top part of the toilet bowl 1, and more precisely a fragment of the top internal surface of the toilet bowl 1 located directly below the external cover 5, with an approximately elliptical shape, which top edge 6 is normally covered by the external cover 5 and whose elliptical hole is slightly bigger than the hole in the external cover 5.
  • the top edge 6 is made as a flat ring located in the top part of the pan, with walls essentially vertical, and is preferably 66 to 93 mm high.
  • the flush water inlet hole 7 is preferably located in the rear area of the toilet bowl 1, in its top part, preferably at the highest possible point of the route of flush water.
  • the inlet hole 7 is reached through an inlet pipe 8, which is preferably positioned in parallel to plane C-C and in perpendicular to the toilet pan's installation wall (not shown). Downstream of the inlet hole 7, there is a channel 9 that drains flush water to the toilet bowl 1 and is terminated with an outlet 10.
  • the inlet hole 7 in the embodiment has a circular cross section and a diameter ranging from 15.5 to 16.5 cm 2 , preferably 16.04 cm 2 .
  • the inlet hole 7 may also have a cross section of a different shape, but regardless of that shape, the cross sectional area of the inlet hole 7 may be 16 to 17.5 cm 2 , preferably 16.81 cm 2 . Such a relatively large cross section ensures the inflow of an adequate volume of water to the channel 9, so the kinetic energy of flush water can be well used.
  • a barrier 14 made as a step or bulge running at the bottom of the channel 9, essentially across its length, from one of its walls (sides) to the other.
  • the barrier 14 is easier to see in Fig. 2b , and its height in the embodiment is 4 mm to 10 mm, preferably 5 mm, and its width is 1 mm to 15 mm, preferably 4 mm.
  • the said barrier 14 acts as a limiter that shuts off water inflow and separates flush water contained in the channel 9, so that it does not flow out of the channel 9 after flushing.
  • the channel 9 is shaped in such a way that it is sloped slightly upwards from the inlet hole 7 to the barrier 14, whereas from the barrier 14 to the outlet 10 it is sloped slightly downwards.
  • Such a shape of the channel 9 allows the inlet hole 7 to be located relatively high, which in turn enables reducing the non-flushed area inside the toilet bowl 1 and the time of outflow of water residues from the channel 9, as only a small amount of water contained between the barrier 14 and the outlet 10 flows out into the bowl 1.
  • the channel 9 is approximately J-shaped, with its end more bent upwards, while its cross section, especially near the channel outlet 10, is flattened, i.e. its height is notably larger than its width.
  • the channel 9 is formed in such a way that the first slightly arched (bent according to the line of the top edge 6) section of that channel 9 is directed to the right side of the toilet pan (essentially in parallel to planes A-A and B-B), further has a curve, i.e. a bend formed in such a way that the channel 9 turns by approximately 180°, and as a result the channel outlet 10 is located on the right side of the bowl 1 but is directed to the opposite side, in this case to the left.
  • the outlet 10 of the channel 9 is preferably longitudinal in shape, extending in vertical direction.
  • the relation of between the height and the width of that outlet 10 is 4.0 to 4.12, and most preferably 4.06. More specifically, the height of the outlet 10 may be 68 to 74 mm, more preferably 71 mm, and its width may be 17 to 18 mm, more preferably 17.5 mm.
  • the outlet 10 is designed in such a way that water flowing out of it is directed to the inner surface of the toilet bowl 1, specifically to the inner surface of its top edge 6, in the rear part of the toilet bowl 1, which is easier to see in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 3 shows a toilet pan according to the invention at a different angle than in Fig. 2a .
  • the supply of water to the toilet bowl 1 is asymmetric, and in this case water is supplied from the right side of the toilet bowl 1 (relative to plane C-C).
  • Appropriate routing of water flux is supported by a protrusion 11 at the outlet 10 of the channel 9.
  • the cross section of the channel 9 is flattened, i.e. its height is larger than its width.
  • the channel is rectangular, but its cross section may have any other shape as long as the channel appropriately serves its function.
  • the channel 9 should not be bent too sharply, in particular it should not have any rectilinear geometric shapes.
  • the radius of curvature of the arch of channel 9 is preferably 27 to 40 mm.
  • the toilet pan according to the invention in the embodiment, has thresholds, upper threshold 12 and lower threshold 13, which run around the toilet bowl 1 (inside it) and allow to maintain water flux inside the toilet bowl 1 so to allow more circles of water flux inside the toilet bowl 1.
  • Fig. 4a and Fig. 5 show the toilet pan in a cross section through plane A-A.
  • Fig. 4a we can clearly see the shape of the inner surface of top edge 6 as well as the arrangement and shape of the outlet 10 of the channel 9.
  • Fig. 4a and Fig. 5 clearly show the position and shape of the upper threshold 12 and lower threshold 13.
  • the thresholds have the form of bulges; the upper threshold 12 is located at the level of the outlet 10 of the channel 9, whereas the lower threshold 13 is located below the halfway point between the upper threshold 12 and the level of water surface, starting from the upper threshold 12, preferably at 2/3 of that distance.
  • the lower threshold 13 is located at least 17 cm, preferably 17.3 cm, from the top edge of the bowl, the distance being measured in straight line (vertically) from the verge of the top edge 6 of the bowl to the level where the lower threshold 13 is located. Due to the existence of two thresholds, between the level of water surface and the lower threshold 13, situated lower, the pan has an approximately cylindrical shape, more specifically the shape of a bevelled cone, which, as already mentioned, causes the formation of a high component speed directed down, and thus faster water drainage to the outlet 4.
  • Water flowing out of the outlet 10 has a kinetic energy that results from the amount of water that must be supplied to flush the toilet bowl 1 and from the height at which the tank supplying the toilet pan with water is situated.
  • the water flowing out is affected by two forces: gravity and the force related to a rotary motion in a circle.
  • the above theoretic considerations are, however, insufficient to accurately determine the optimum position and shape of the upper threshold 12 in the toilet bowl 1.
  • the toilet pan In order for the toilet pan to properly serve its function, it is required to keep appropriate dimensions of that upper threshold 12 (and possibly the lower threshold 13): they must fall within appropriate ranges.
  • the dimensions of that upper threshold 12 are determined by the following factors: if the threshold is too small, water will flow down to the trap 3 too fast (the pan surface will not be washed); if the threshold is too big, the toilet bowl 1 will become unhygienic, as impurities will remain inside it. Accurate, appropriate dimensions of that upper threshold 12 have been determined by the author of this invention by way of experiments.
  • the distance between the beginning of the upper threshold 12 and the top end of the top edge 6, which is equal to the hight of the top edge 6, is 66 mm.
  • the dimensions of the upper threshold 12 are as follows: the height of the upper threshold 12 measured vertically is 4 mm, and the width of the upper threshold measured horizontally is 9 mm, whereas the radius of curvature of the upper threshold 12 in normal plane relative to the inner surface of the toilet bowl 1 is 14 mm, and the radius of curvature of the arc between the top edge 6 and the beginning of the upper threshold 12 at the said plane is 20 mm.
  • the lower threshold 13 has a radius of curvature in normal plane relative to the inner surface of the toilet bowl 1, ranging from 32 to 66 mm.
  • the upper threshold 12 must be positioned in an appropriate location, i.e. at an appropriate height relative to the outlet 10 of the channel 9, preferably slightly above the bottom of the outlet 10.
  • the upper threshold 12 is situated 2 to 5 mm above the outlet 10, most preferably 3.5 mm above the outlet 10.
  • Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 show the toilet pan in cross section through plane B-B. In this cross section, we can clearly see the shape of the bottom of the toilet bowl 1.
  • Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 show the toilet pan in cross section according to plane C-C.
  • W can see here that the trap 3 is located in the bottom part of the toilet bowl 1 and connected to the rear outlet 4.
  • the inner surface of the top edge 6 of the toilet bowl 1 is formed as a flat (non-curved) ring and crosses the upper threshold 12 to reach further part of the toilet bowl 1.
  • the lower threshold 12 runs around the toilet bowl 1, but in the rear part of the toilet bowl 1 it is slightly gentler, i.e. less protruding.
  • the protrusion 11 directs the water flux in an appropriate way.
  • the toilet bowl 1 Further part of the toilet bowl 1, below the upper threshold 12, is curved, i.e. it has approximately the shape of a basin, and still has the lower threshold 13, which also protrudes a little less than in the rear part of the toilet bowl 1. Below the lower threshold 13, the toilet bowl 1 has a section whose shape is approximately cylindrical.
  • Figs. 1-9 The existence of two thresholds according to the embodiment in Figs. 1-9 is the most preferable structure, as it causes the fastest flow of water down the bowl compared to asymmetric bowls and the bowl shown in Figs. 10-17 .
  • the toilet bowl 1 may have one threshold instead of two, which is shown in Fig. 10 to Fig. 17 .
  • All structural components of the toilet pan according to the invention are the same as in the described Fig. 1 to Fig. 9 , except that the toilet pan from the embodiment shown in Figs. 10-17 does not have the lower threshold 13 but only a small bulge next to the hole leading to the trap 3, near the level of water surface.
  • FIG. 10 top view
  • Fig. 11 Fig. 11
  • the toilet bowl 1 has a threshold 12 situated below the top edge 6, but has no lower threshold 13.
  • the toilet bowl 1 has a relatively steep slope going towards the outlet hole 2 and water surface, without another threshold that would stop the water flux, as clearly shown in Fig. 12 or Fig. 13 .
  • Fig. 14 and Fig. 15 show a toilet pan according to the invention having one threshold, in cross section in plane B-B, analogically to Fig. 6 and Fig. 7
  • Fig. 16 and Fig. 17 show that pan in cross section in plane C-C (analogically to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 ).
  • Rotating water flux in the toilet bowl 1 may continuously cover a relatively large area around the water surface.
  • water flux is routed from the outlet 10 of the channel 9 to the inside, so it falls first on the rear central area inside the toilet bowl 1 (as shown in the drawing), where particularly strong dirt patches may exist.
  • the toilet pan according to the invention operates preferably only in gravimetric manner, i.e. only with the use of gravity and the kinetic energy of water. This means that the use of an internal pump feeding the toilet pan is not necessary, and thus the toilet pan is relatively cheap to manufacture and more cost-effective in terms of operation.
  • the rotary motion of water flux is determined by a tangential direction of inflow of flush water from the inlet hole 7 and by the internal shape of the toilet bowl 1, and the downward motion is induced by gravity. Due to the lateral (asymmetric) inlet of water flux into the bowl as well as the internal shape of the bowl, the water flux has a relatively high kinetic energy and flows into the trap 3 with a high momentum. Therefore, the flushing operation is effective both on the inner surface of the toilet bowl 1 and in the bottom area located deeper, directly above the trap 3.
  • the toilet pan according to the invention may use a static trap or dynamic trap, the static trap being more preferable.
  • Dynamic trap should be understood as, for example, a solution wherein due to artificial narrowing or shut-off of outflow, for example with a flap valve, water in the bowl is artificially swelled so to enable a subsequent sudden outflow with the use of the trap effect. Therefore, a dynamic trap includes movable parts used to impact the route of outflow.
  • the toilet pan may be made with various method of supplying flush water under a specified pressure, for example without a flush (in a pressurised water duct) or, more preferably, it may have a system combined with a flush, as in this case the potential energy of flush water can be better used.
  • This refers in particular to a concealed cistern installed in an installation wall behind the toilet pan.
  • water in the toilet bowl 1 falls first on the rear section of the top edge 6 and then, with a swirling motion, it flows down the toilet bowl 1 into the outlet hole 2, on its way being retained in the bowl 1 by the upper threshold 12 or the upper threshold 12 and lower threshold 13.
  • water makes at least one rotation inside the bowl, and then falls into the outlet hole 2 at the level of water surface.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Wassergespültes Toilettenbecken mit einer randlosen Toilettenschüssel (1), mit einer Spülwasserzufuhr im hinteren oberen Teil der Toilettenschüssel (1), die ein Einlassrohr (8) umfasst, das an seinem stromabwärtigen Ende mit einer Einlassöffnung (7) endet, und mit einem Kanal (9), der weiter stromabwärts hinter der Einlassöffnung (7) angeordnet ist, die mit einem Auslass (10) endet, wobei eine Auslassöffnung (2) zu einem Siphon (3) in einem unteren Teil der Toilettenschüssel (1) angeordnet ist, wobei das Toilettenbecken eine erste Mittelebene (A-A) aufweist, die im montierten Zustand des Toilettenbeckens parallel zur Installationswand verläuft und das Toilettenbecken durch die Mitte der Auslassöffnung (2) in einen vorderen und einen hinteren Abschnitt abstrakt teilt, wobei der hintere Abschnitt an eine Installationswand angrenzt, sowie eine senkrechte zweite Mittelebene (C-C), die das Toilettenbecken durch die Mitte der Auslassöffnung (2) abstrakt in einen rechten und einen linken Abschnitt teilt, und wobei die Toilettenschüssel (1) einen oberen Rand (6) aufweist, der ein Fragment einer oberen Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel (1) ist, die sich unmittelbar unter einer Außenabdeckung (5) befindet und eine annähernd elliptische Form aufweist, die als flacher Ring mit im Wesentlichen senkrechten Wänden ausgebildet ist, an dessen oberen Rand (6) die Außenabdeckung (5) angebracht ist, und wobei die Auslassöffnung (2) innerhalb dieser Ellipse zur Rückseite des Toilettenbeckens hin versetzt ist, und wobei der Auslass (10) des Kanals (9) asymmetrisch zur zweiten Mittelebene (C-C) auf der rechten oder linken Seite der Toilettenschüssel (1) in deren oberen Bereich angeordnet ist, so dass Spülwasser in die Toilettenschüssel (1) einströmt und zunächst auf den hinteren Abschnitt des oberen Randes (6) in einer im Wesentlichen horizontalen und tangential zur Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel (1) verlaufenden Richtung auftrifft, und dann eine Drehbewegung innerhalb der Toilettenschüssel (1) ausführt, wobei die Toilettenschüssel (1) an ihrer Innenseite, in Höhe des Auslasses (10) und direkt unterhalb des oberen Randes (6), eine obere Schwelle (12) aufweist, die als horizontal verlaufende Wölbung an der Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel (1) ausgebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die Innenform der Toilettenschüssel (1) mit Ausnahme der Stelle des Auslasses (10) symmetrisch zur zweiten Mittelebene (C-C) ausgebildet ist;
    und dass die obere Schwelle (12) horizontal um die gesamte Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel verläuft und im hinteren Bereich der Toilettenschüssel (1) weniger hervorsteht als in anderen Bereichen derselben.
  2. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe der oberen Schwelle (12) vertikal gemessen 4 mm beträgt und die Breite der oberen Schwelle (12) horizontal gemessen 9 mm beträgt, während der Krümmungsradius der oberen Schwelle (12) in der Normalebene relativ zur Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel (1) 14 mm beträgt und der Krümmungsradius des Bogens zwischen dem oberen Rand (6) und dem Beginn der oberen Schwelle (12) in der genannten Ebene 20 mm beträgt.
  3. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Abschnitt des Kanals (9) stromabwärts der Einlassöffnung (7) zur rechten oder linken Seite der Schüssel gerichtet und entsprechend der Form des oberen Randes (6) leicht gebogen ist, und ferner eine Krümmung von etwa 180° aufweist, so dass sich der Auslass (10) auf der rechten oder linken Seite der Toilettenschüssel (1) befindet, jedoch zur gegenüberliegenden Seite des ersten Abschnitts des Kanals (9) hin ausgerichtet ist, also entsprechend zur linken oder rechten Seite.
  4. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2 oder 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass unterhalb der oberen Schwelle (12), aber oberhalb eines im Betriebszustand der Schüssel vorhandenen Wasserspiegelstands, die Toilettenschüssel (1) eine untere Schwelle (13) aufweist, die als eine um die Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel (1) verlaufende Ausbuchtung ausgebildet ist, wobei sie im hinteren Bereich der Toilettenschüssel (1) weniger hervorsteht als in anderen Bereichen derselben.
  5. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die untere Schwelle (13) einen Krümmungsradius in der Normalebene zur Innenfläche der Toilettenschüssel (1) im Bereich von 32 bis 66 mm aufweist.
  6. Toilettenbecken nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die untere Schwelle (13) unterhalb des Mittelpunktes zwischen der oberen Schwelle (12) und der Wasseroberfläche, vorzugsweise bei 2/3 des Abstands zwischen der oberen Schwelle (12) und der Wasseroberfläche, angeordnet ist.
  7. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 4 oder 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Toilettenschüssel (1) unterhalb der unteren Schwelle (13) einen Abschnitt aufweist, der als abgeschrägter Kegel ausgebildet ist, dessen Durchmesser zum Siphon (3) hin allmählich abnimmt.
  8. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Toilettenschüssel (1) zwischen der oberen Schwelle (12) und der unteren Schwelle (13) gekrümmt ist und im Wesentlichen die Form eines Beckens aufweist.
  9. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Boden des Kanals (9) mit einer Barriere (14) versehen ist, die als Ausbuchtung oder Stufe ausgebildet ist, die quer zur Länge dieses Kanals (9) zwischen dessen Wänden verläuft.
  10. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe der Barriere (14) 4 bis 10 mm, vorzugsweise 5 mm, und die Breite der Barriere (14) 1 bis 15 mm, vorzugsweise 4 mm, beträgt.
  11. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querschnittsfläche der Spülwasser-Einlassöffnung (7) 15,5 bis 16,5 cm2, vorzugsweise 16,04 cm2 beträgt.
  12. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Querschnittsfläche des Kanals (9) in dem Abschnitt zwischen der Einlassöffnung (7) und der Krümmung 16 bis 17,5 cm2, vorzugsweise 16,81 cm2 beträgt.
  13. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt des Kanals (9) abgeflacht ist, wobei seine Höhe größer ist als seine Breite.
  14. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Querschnitt des Kanals (9) rechteckig ist.
  15. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verhältnis der Höhe des vertikalen Auslasses (10) zur Breite dieses Auslasses (10) 4,0 bis 4,12, vorzugsweise 4,06 beträgt.
  16. Toilettenbecken gemäß Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe des Auslasses (10) 68 bis 74 mm, vorzugsweise 71 mm, und die Breite des Auslasses (10) 17 bis 18 mm, vorzugsweise 17,5 mm, beträgt.
  17. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kanal (9) eine Krümmung mit einem Krümmungsradius von 27 bis 40 mm aufweist.
  18. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Höhe des oberen Randes (6) 66 bis 93 mm beträgt.
  19. Toilettenbecken gemäß einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen der ersten Mittelebene (A-A) und einem Punkt der Toilettenschüssel (1), der am weitesten nach vorne ragt, 240 mm beträgt.
EP21205572.7A 2021-09-29 2021-10-29 Toilettenschüssel mit wasserspülung Active EP4159942B1 (de)

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Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB685960A (en) 1949-10-14 1953-01-14 Ideal Boilers & Radiators Ltd Toilet fixture
GB2045311B (en) 1979-04-03 1983-04-20 Armitage Shanks Ltd Water closet pan
FR2744744A1 (fr) 1996-02-14 1997-08-14 Dogrusoz Ufuk Toilettes a consommation d'eau reduite par une conception asymetrique de la cuvette et procede de generation du rincage et d'evacuation
GB0522615D0 (en) 2005-11-05 2005-12-14 Twyford Bathrooms Improved water closet pans
PT2604761E (pt) 2011-12-14 2015-05-13 Geberit Int Ag Vaso sanitário
JP7148835B2 (ja) * 2016-11-16 2022-10-06 Toto株式会社 水洗大便器
DE202017105106U1 (de) * 2017-08-25 2017-09-21 Fujian Xinchang Sanitary Ware Co., Ltd. Mit zwei Öffnungen spülbare Toilettenstruktur

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EP4159942C0 (de) 2025-09-10
PL244326B1 (pl) 2024-01-08
PL439063A1 (pl) 2023-04-03
HRP20251565T1 (hr) 2026-01-30

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