Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/2222—(cyclo)aliphatic amines; polyamines (no macromolecular substituent 30C); quaternair ammonium compounds; carbamates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/04—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for minimising corrosion or incrustation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L10/00—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes
  • C10L10/06—Use of additives to fuels or fires for particular purposes for facilitating soot removal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/222—Organic compounds containing nitrogen containing at least one carbon-to-nitrogen single bond
  • C10L1/224—Amides; Imides carboxylic acid amides, imides
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
  • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
  • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
  • C10L1/22—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
  • C10L1/234—Macromolecular compounds
  • C10L1/238—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10L1/2383—Polyamines or polyimines, or derivatives thereof (poly)amines and imines; derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
  • C10L1/2387—Polyoxyalkyleneamines (poly)oxyalkylene amines and derivatives thereof (substituted by a macromolecular group containing 30C)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/02—Inorganic or organic compounds containing atoms other than C, H or O, e.g. organic compounds containing heteroatoms or metal organic complexes
  • C10L2200/0259—Nitrogen containing compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0415—Light distillates, e.g. LPG, naphtha
  • C10L2200/0423—Gasoline
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
  • C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
  • C10L2200/0407—Specifically defined hydrocarbon fractions as obtained from, e.g. a distillation column
  • C10L2200/0438—Middle or heavy distillates, heating oil, gasoil, marine fuels, residua
  • C10L2200/0446—Diesel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2230/00—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole
  • C10L2230/22—Function and purpose of a components of a fuel or the composition as a whole for improving fuel economy or fuel efficiency
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/023—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for gasoline engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
  • C10L2270/00—Specifically adapted fuels
  • C10L2270/02—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines
  • C10L2270/026—Specifically adapted fuels for internal combustion engines for diesel engines, e.g. automobiles, stationary, marine

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a fuel additive composition
• a fuel additive composition comprising at least one first additive chosen from quaternary ammonium salts other than betaines, and at least one second additive chosen from amido alkyl betaines.
• the composition is such that the mass ratio of the quantity of the first additive to the quantity of the second additive is included in the range from 1:4 to 4:1.
• the invention also relates to a concentrate for fuel, comprising said composition of additives, mixed with an organic liquid inert with respect to the first and second additives and miscible with said fuel.
• the invention further relates to a fuel composition
• a fuel composition comprising a fuel derived from one or more sources selected from the group consisting of mineral, animal, plant and synthetic sources, and mixtures thereof; and said fuel additive composition.
• the invention also relates to the use of the additive composition, or the fuel composition, or the fuel concentrate, for maintaining cleanliness (keep-clean effect) and/or cleaning (clean-up effect) deposits.
• the additive composition or the fuel composition, or the fuel concentrate, for maintaining cleanliness (keep-clean effect) and/or cleaning (clean-up effect) deposits.
• the internal parts of an engine gasoline or Diesel, preferably Diesel, chosen from the following: the combustion chamber and the fuel injection system.
• the invention aims to prevent and/or reduce deposits of coke, and/or soaps and/or varnishes on injectors or injector needles, as well as reducing the consumption of fuel of an engine, preferably Diesel, (“Fuel Eco” action) and/or minimizing the loss of power of said engine, and/or reducing pollutant emissions.
• an engine preferably Diesel, (“Fuel Eco” action) and/or minimizing the loss of power of said engine, and/or reducing pollutant emissions.
• Liquid fuels for internal combustion engines contain components that can degrade during engine operation.
• the problem of deposits in the internal parts of combustion engines is well known to engine manufacturers. It has been shown that the formation of these deposits has consequences on engine performance and in particular has a negative impact on consumption and particle emissions. Advances in fuel additive technology have made it possible to address this problem.
• So-called detergent additives used in fuels have already been proposed to maintain the cleanliness of the engine by limiting deposits (“keep-clean” effect) or by reducing the deposits already present in the internal parts of the combustion engine (“keep-clean” effect). clean-up” in English).
• keep-clean a detergent additive for gasoline fuel containing a quaternary ammonium function.
• the document WO2006135881 describes a detergent additive containing a quaternary ammonium salt used to reduce or clean deposits particularly on intake valves.
• new gasoline direct injection systems expose the injectors to more severe pressure and temperature conditions, which encourages the formation of deposits.
• these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize spraying, in particular, more numerous holes with smaller diameters but which, on the other hand, induce greater sensitivity to deposits.
• the presence of deposits can alter combustion performance, in particular increasing polluting emissions and particle emissions.
• the new Diesel direct injection systems expose the injectors to more severe pressure and pressure conditions. temperature which promotes the formation of deposits.
• these new injection systems have more complex geometries to optimize spraying, in particular, more numerous holes having smaller diameters but which, on the other hand, induce greater sensitivity to deposits.
• Coking should be distinguished from “lacquering” (soap and/or varnish) which occurs in Diesel direct injection engines, on the injector needles. Lacquering does not concern deposits which are present outside the injection system and which are linked to coking, causing clogging and partial or total blockage of the injection nozzles. Lacquering and coking are therefore two very distinct phenomena in terms of the causes of these deposits, the conditions of appearance of these deposits and the place where these deposits occur.
• the mass ratio of the quantity of the first additive to the quantity of the second additive is in the range going from 1:1 to 2.5:1, preferably from 1.5:1 to 2.1:1 .
• the invention also relates to a concentrate for fuel comprising the composition of additives, mixed with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the first and second additives, and miscible with said fuel.
• the liquid fuel composition is chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, and mixtures thereof, for example gasoline or gas oils.
• the fuel (hydrocarbon) is chosen from gas oils, also called gas oil fuel, and which corresponds to the fuels used in diesel engines.
• the additive composition, the fuel composition or the concentrate, according to the invention is used to prevent (keep-clean effect) and/or eliminate (clean-up effect) deposits in the internal parts of an engine selected from the following: the combustion chamber, the engine intake system and the fuel injection system, and preferably the fuel injection system.
• said composition is used in the liquid fuel to limit or avoid the formation of deposits in at least one of the internal parts of said engine and/or reduce the deposits existing in at least one of the internal parts of said engine.
• composition according to the invention is used to prevent, reduce or eliminate deposits chosen from coke, and/or soaps and/or varnishes on injectors or fuel injector needles, and/or coke, soap and/or valve-sticking of the fuel inlet valves in the combustion chamber.
• composition according to the invention also makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption of an engine, preferably Diesel, (“Fuel Eco” action) and/or minimize the loss of power of said engine, and/or reduce emissions of pollutants, in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• an engine preferably Diesel
• Fluel Eco (“Fuel Eco” action)
• pollutants in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• the engine is a gasoline engine.
• the internal combustion engine is an engine compression ignition, also known as a Diesel engine.
• C N or CN compound or group denotes a compound or group containing N carbon atoms in its chemical structure.
• the first additive quaternary ammonium
• composition according to the invention comprises a first additive consisting of a quaternary ammonium salt, different from betaines.
• said first additive is obtained by reaction with a quaternization agent of a nitrogen compound comprising a tertiary amine function, this nitrogen compound being the product of the reaction of an acylating agent substituted by a group hydrocarbon and a compound comprising at least one group tertiary amine and at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols.
• the quaternary ammonium salt is chosen from quaternized PIBA (polyisobutylene-amine) compounds, or from quaternized polyether-amines.
• said nitrogen compound is the product of the reaction of an acylating agent substituted by a hydrocarbon group and a compound comprising both an oxygen atom or an atom of nitrogen capable of condensing with said acylating agent (that is to say at least one group chosen from primary amines, secondary amines and alcohols) and a tertiary amine group.
• the acylating agent is advantageously chosen from mono-or poly-carboxylic acids and their derivatives, in particular their ester, amide or anhydride derivatives.
• the acylating agent is preferably chosen from succinic, phthalic and propionic acids and the corresponding anhydrides.
• the acylating agent is substituted by a hydrocarbon group.
• hydrocarbon means any group having a carbon atom directly attached to the rest of the molecule (ie to the acylating agent) and mainly having an aliphatic hydrocarbon character.
• Hydrocarbon groups according to the invention can also contain non-hydrocarbon groups.
• they can contain up to one non-hydrocarbon group for every ten carbon atoms provided that the non-hydrocarbon group does not significantly modify the mainly hydrocarbon character of the group. Mention may be made, by way of example, of such groups, well known to those skilled in the art, of hydroxyl groups, halogens (in particular chloro- and fluoro- groups), alkoxy, alkylmercapto and alkyl sulfoxy groups.
• the hydrocarbon substituents do not contain such non-hydrocarbon groups and are purely aliphatic hydrocarbons.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent preferably comprises at least 8, preferably at least 12, carbon atoms. Said hydrocarbon substituent may comprise up to approximately 200 carbon atoms.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent preferably has a number average molecular mass (Mn) of between 160 to 2800, for example between 250 to 1500, more preferably between 500 to 1500 and, even more preferably between 500 to 1300.
• Mn number average molecular mass
• a range of values of M n between 700 and 1300 is particularly preferred, for example from 700 to 1200.
• hydrocarbon groups substituting the acylating agent mention may be made of n-octyl, n-decyl, n-dodecyl, tetrapropenyl, n-octadecyl, oleyl, octadecyl or triacontyl groups.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent can also be obtained from homo- or inter-polymers (for example copolymers, terpolymers) of mono- and di-olefins having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, for example from ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, isobutene, butadiene, isoprene, 1-hexene or 1-octene.
• these olefins are 1-mono-olefins.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent can also be chosen from derivatives of halogenated analogues (for example chlorinated or brominated) of these homo-or inter-polymers.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent may be obtained from other sources, for example from high molecular weight alkene monomers (e.g., 1-tetracontene) and their chlorinated analogues or hydrochlorinated, aliphatic petroleum fractions, e.g. paraffin waxes, their cracked, chlorinated and/or hydrochlorinated analogues, white oils, synthetic alkenes, e.g. produced by Ziegler-Natta process (e.g. polyethylene greases ) and other sources known to those skilled in the art.
• high molecular weight alkene monomers e.g., 1-tetracontene
• aliphatic petroleum fractions e.g. paraffin waxes
• white oils e.g. paraffin waxes
• synthetic alkenes e.g. produced by Ziegler-Natta process (e.g. polyethylene greases ) and other sources known to those skilled in the art.
• Any unsaturation present in the hydrocarbon group of the acylating agent can optionally be reduced or eliminated by hydrogenation according to any known process.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent is preferably essentially saturated, that is, it contains no more than one unsaturated carbon-carbon bond for every ten carbon-carbon single bonds. present.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent advantageously contains no more than one non-aromatic carbon-carbon unsaturated bond for every 50 carbon-carbon bonds present.
• the hydrocarbon substituent of the acylating agent is a polyisobutene group also called polyisobutylene (PIB).
• PIB polyisobutylene
• highly reactive polyisobutenes PIB
• polyisobutenes PIB
• the preferred PIBs are those having more than 80 mol% and up to 100 mol% of vinylidene terminal groups as described in the document EP1344785 .
• the acylating agent substituted with a hydrocarbon group is a polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride (PIBSA).
• PIBSA polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride
• polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride can be prepared by mixing a polyolefin with maleic anhydride then passing chlorine through the mixture ( GB949981 ).
• hydrocarbon groups comprising an internal olefin, for example such as those described in the application WO2007/015080 , can also be used as a substitute for the acylating agent.
• internal olefin is meant any olefin containing mainly a non-alpha double bond, which is a beta or higher position olefin.
• these materials are essentially beta-olefins or higher position olefins, for example containing less than 10% by weight of alpha-olefin, advantageously less than 5% by weight or less than 2% by weight.
• the internal olefins can be prepared by isomerization of alpha-olefins according to any known process.
• the compound comprising both an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom capable of condensing with the acylating agent and a tertiary amine group can, for example, be chosen from the group consisting of: dimethylaminopropylamine, N,N-diethylaminopropylamine, N,N-dimethylamino-ethylamine, N,N-dimethyl-aminoethylamine ethylenediamine, 1,2-propylenediamine, 1,3-propylene diamine, butylenediamines (isomers), diethylenetriamine, dipropylenetriamine, dibutylenetriamine, triethylenetetraamine, teraethylenepentaamine, pentaethylenehexaamine, hexamethylenetetramine, bis(hexametlylene)triamine, diaminobenzenes, and pentanediamines, hexanediamines, heptanediamines, and preferably N,N-d
• Said compound may also be chosen from heterocyclic compounds substituted with alkylamines such as 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole, 4-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 3 ,3-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, diaminopyridines, and 3'3-bisamino(N,N-dimethylpropylamine).
• alkylamines such as 1-(3-aminopropyl)-imidazole, 4-(3-aminopropyl)morpholine, 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperidine, 3 ,3-diamino-N-methyldipropylamine, diaminopyridines, and 3'3-bisamino(N,N-dimethylpropylamine).
• the compound comprising both an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom capable of condensing with the acylating agent and a tertiary amine group may also be chosen from alkanolamines, including but not limited to , triethanolamine, trimethanolamine, N,N-dimethylaminopropanol, N,N-dimethylaminoethanol, N,N-diethylaminopropanol, N,N-diethylaminoethanol, N,N-diethylaminobutanol, N,N,N-tris(hydroxyethyl )amine, N,N,N-tris(hydroxymethyl)amine, N,N,N tris(aminoethyl)amine, N,N-dibutylaminopropylamine and N,N,N'-trimethyl-N'-hydroxyethyl-bisaminoethyl ether, N,N-bis(3-dimethylamino-propyl)-N-is
• Said compound is preferably chosen from the amines of formula (I).
• R8 is advantageously a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C16 alkyl group, preferably a C1 to C10 alkyl group, even more preferably a C1 to C6 alkyl group .
• R8 may, for example, be chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl and their isomers.
• R8 is a hydrogen atom.
• n is preferably an integer between 0 to 15, more preferably between 0 to 10, even more preferably between 0 to 5.
• n is 0.
• said nitrogen compound is the product of the reaction of the acylating agent substituted by a hydrocarbon group and a diamine of formula (I).
• the nitrogen compound is the reaction product of a succinic acid derivative substituted by a hydrocarbon group, preferably a polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride, and of an alcohol or an amine also comprising a tertiary amine group, in particular a compound of formula (I) or (II) as described above and more preferably a compound of formula (I).
• the succinic acid derivative substituted by a hydrocarbon group reacts with the amine also comprising a tertiary amine group under certain conditions to form a succinimide (closed form).
• the reaction of the succinic acid derivative and the amine can also result under certain conditions in a succinamide, that is to say, a compound comprising an amide group and a carboxylic acid group (open form).
• an alcohol also comprising a tertiary amine group reacts with the succinic acid derivative to form an ester also comprising a carboxyl group - free CO 2 H (open form).
• the nitrogen compound may be the reaction product of a succinic acid derivative and an amine or an alcohol which is an ester or an amide and which also also comprises a carboxyl group -CO2H not having reacted (open form).
• the quaternary ammonium salt forming the first additive according to the present invention is directly obtained by reaction between the nitrogen compound described above comprising a tertiary amine function and a quaternization agent.
• the quaternization agent is chosen from the group constituting dialkyl sulfates, carboxylic acid esters; alkyl halides, benzyl halides, hydrocarbon carbonates, and hydrocarbon epoxides optionally mixed with an acid, alone or in mixture, preferably carboxylic acid esters.
• a quaternization agent containing such an element it may be advantageous to perform a subsequent reaction to exchange the counterion.
• a quaternary ammonium salt formed by reaction with an alkyl halide can then be put into reaction with sodium hydroxide and the sodium halide salt removed by filtration.
• the quaternizing agent may include halides such as chloride, iodide or bromide; hydroxides; sulfonates; bisulfites; alkyl sulfates such as dimethyl sulfate; sulfones; phosphates; C1-C12 alkylphosphates ; C1-C12 dialkylphosphates; borates; C1-C12 alkylborates; nitrites; nitrates; carbonates; bicarbonates; alkanoates; C1-C12 O,O-dialkyldithiophosphates, alone or in a mixture.
• halides such as chloride, iodide or bromide
• hydroxides such as chloride, iodide or bromide
• sulfonates such as dimethyl sulfate; sulfones
• phosphates C1-C12 alkylphosphates ; C1-C12 dialkylphosphate
• the quaternization agent can be chosen from derivatives of dialkyl sulfates such as dimethyl sulfate, N-oxides, sulfones such as propane- and butanesulfone, alkyl halides, acyl or aralkyl such as methyl and ethyl chloride, benzyl bromide, iodide or chloride, and hydrocarbon carbonates (or alkylcarbonates).
• dialkyl sulfates such as dimethyl sulfate, N-oxides, sulfones such as propane- and butanesulfone, alkyl halides, acyl or aralkyl such as methyl and ethyl chloride, benzyl bromide, iodide or chloride, and hydrocarbon carbonates (or alkylcarbonates).
• the aromatic ring is optionally substituted by one or more alkyl or alkenyl groups.
• hydrocarbon groups (alkyls) of hydrocarbon carbonates can contain from 1 to 50, from 1 to 20, from 1 to 10 or 1 to 5 carbon atoms per group. According to one embodiment, the hydrocarbon carbonates contain two hydrocarbon groups which may be identical or different. As an example of hydrocarbon carbonates, mention may be made of dimethyl or diethyl carbonate.
• the quaternization agent is chosen from hydrocarbon epoxides represented by the following formula (III): in which R9, R10, R11 and R12 may be identical or different and independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group.
• R9, R10, R11 and R12 may be identical or different and independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 50 hydrocarbon group.
• hydrocarbon epoxides can be used as a quaternizing agent in combination with an acid, for example with acetic acid.
• Hydrocarbon epoxies can also be used alone as a quaternizing agent, especially without additional acid.
• a protic solvent is used for the preparation of the quaternary ammonium salt.
• protic solvents such as water and alcohols (including polyhydric alcohols) can be used alone or in a mixture.
• Preferred protic solvents have a dielectric constant greater than 9.
• the quaternization agent is chosen from the compounds of formula (IV): in which R13 is an optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl group, and R14 is a C 1 to C 22 alkyl, aryl or alkylaryl group.
• the compound of formula (IV) is a carboxylic acid ester capable of reacting with a tertiary amine to form a quaternary ammonium salt.
• Compounds of formula (IV) are chosen, for example from carboxylic acid esters having a pKa of 3.5 or less.
• the compound of formula (IV) is preferably chosen from esters substituted aromatic carboxylic acid, alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid and polycarboxylic acid.
• the ester is a substituted aromatic carboxylic acid ester of formula (IV) in which R13 is a substituted aryl group.
• R13 is a substituted aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably a phenyl or naphthyl group, more preferably a phenyl group.
• R13 is advantageously substituted by one or more groups chosen from the carboalkoxy, nitro, cyano, hydroxy, SR 15 and NR 15 R 16 radicals.
• Each of the R 15 and R 16 groups can be a hydrogen atom or an alkyl or alkenyl group. , aryl or optionally substituted carboalkoxy.
• Each of the groups R 15 and R 16 advantageously represents the hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C1 to C22 alkyl group, preferably the hydrogen atom or a C1 to C16 alkyl group, more preferably the hydrogen atom or a C1 to C10 alkyl group, even more preferably the hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 alkyl group.
• R 15 is preferably a hydrogen atom and R 16 a hydrogen atom or a C1 to C4 group.
• R 15 and R 16 are both a hydrogen atom.
• R13 is an aryl group substituted by one or more groups chosen from hydroxyl, carboalkoxy, nitro, cyano and NH 2 radicals.
• R13 may be a polysubstituted aryl group, for example trihydroxyphenyl.
• R13 is a monosubstituted aryl group, preferably ortho substituted.
• R13 is, for example, substituted by a group chosen from the radicals OH, NH 2 , NO 2 or COOMe, preferably OH or NH 2 .
• R13 is preferably a hydroxyaryl group, in particular 2-hydroxyphenyl.
• R14 is an alkyl or alkylaryl group.
• R14 may be a C1 to C16 alkyl group, preferably C1 to C10, advantageously C1 to C8.
• R14 may be a C1 to C16 alkylaryl group, preferably C1 to C10, advantageously C1 to C8.
• R14 can for example be chosen from among the methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, benzyl groups or their isomers.
• R14 is a benzyl or methyl group, more preferably methyl.
• a particularly preferred compound is methyl salicylate.
• the compound of formula (IV) is an ester of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid corresponding to the following formula (V): in which R17 and R18 are identical or different and are independently chosen from the group consisting of the hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl groups.
• R17 and R18 are identical or different and are independently chosen from the group consisting of the hydrogen atom, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl or aralkyl groups.
• Examples of compounds of formula (IV) in which R13COO is the residue of an alpha-hydroxycarboxylic acid include methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, phenyl-, benzyl- or allyl- 2-hydroxy-isobutyric acid esters; methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, benzyl-, phenyl- or allyl esters of 2-hydroxy-2-methylbutyric acid; methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, benzyl-, phenyl- or allyl esters of 2-hydroxy-2-ethylbutyric acid; methyl-, ethyl-, propyl-, butyl-, pentyl-, hexyl-, benz
• the compound of formula (IV) is an ester of a polycarboxylic acid chosen from dicarboxylic acids and carboxylic acids having more than two acid functions.
• the carboxylic functions are preferably all in esterified form.
• the preferred esters are C1 to C4 alkyl esters.
• the compound of formula (IV) can be chosen from oxalic acid diesters, phthalic acid diesters, maleic acid diesters, malonic acid diesters or citric acid diesters.
• the compound of formula (IV) is dimethyl oxalate.
• the compound of formula (IV) is a carboxylic acid ester having a pKa of less than 3.5.
• the compound includes more than one acid group, we will refer to the first dissociation constant.
• the compound of formula (IV) may be chosen from one or more carboxylic acid esters chosen from oxalic acid, phthalic acid, salicylic acid, maleic acid, malonic acid, citric acid. , nitrobenzoic acid, aminobenzoic acid and 2,4,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid.
• Preferred compounds of formula (IV) are dimethyl oxalate, methyl 2-nitrobenzoate and methyl salicylate.
• the quaternary ammonium salt used in the invention is formed by reaction of a hydrocarbon epoxide, preferably chosen from those of formula (III) above and more preferably propylene oxide. , with the reaction product of a polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride whose polyisobutylene group (PIB) has a number average molecular mass (Mn) of between 700 and 1000 and dimethylaminopropylamine.
• PIB polyisobutenyl-succinic anhydride whose polyisobutylene group
• the additive (1) is chosen from polyisobutylenes succinimides functionalized with a quaternary ammonium group.
• the composition according to the invention comprises the first additive(s) as described above at a preferential content ranging from 5 to 10,000 ppm by weight, preferably from 5 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight. , more preferably from 15 to 200 ppm by weight, and better still from 20 to 150 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
• the second additive betaine
• R1 is a C 8 to C 30 hydrocarbon chain, linear or branched, preferably C 12 to C 24 , more preferably C 16 to C 20 .
• R2 is a hydrogen atom or a C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon chain, preferably a hydrogen atom.
• R3 is a C 1 to C 8 hydrocarbon chain, preferably C 2 to C 4 .
• R4 and R5 are identical or different and chosen independently of each other from a hydrogen atom and a C 1 to C 6 hydrocarbon chain, it being understood that the R groups 4 and R 5 may contain one or more nitrogen groups and/or may be linked together to form a ring; more preferably R4 and R5 are identical and represent a methyl group or an ethyl group and even more preferably a methyl group.
• the reaction product is substantially free of non-covalent anionic species.
• compound (ii) is halogen-substituted acetic acid, or a salt of such an acid.
• the salts may include alkali or alkaline earth metals, or ammoniums, including but not limited to sodium, lithium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, triethyl ammonium or triethanol ammonium salts.
• chloroacetic acid or sodium or potassium chloroacetate salts are used.
• the molar ratio of the quantity of carboxylic acid/ester/amide or one of their salts (ii) to the quantity of tertiary amine (i) is advantageously included in the range going from 1:0.1 to 0.1:1.0.
• compound (i) is oleylamido propyl dimethylamine and compound (ii) is sodium chloroacetate.
• composition according to the invention is such that the mass ratio of the quantity of the first additive to the quantity of the second additive is included in the range going from 1:4 to 4:1.
• the mass ratio of the quantity of the first additive to the quantity of the second additive is in the range going from 1:1 to 2.5:1, preferably from 1.5:1 to 2.1:1.
• the mass ratio of the quantity of the first additive to the quantity of the second additive is included in the range going from 1:3 to 3:1, preferably from 1:2 to 2:1.
• the mass ratio of the quantity of the first additive to the quantity of the second additive is included in the range going from 1: 3 to 1.5: 1, preferably from 1: 2.5 to 1 : 1.
• the additive composition may also comprise one or more additional additive(s), different from said additives (1) and (2) described above.
• additives can for example be chosen, in a non-limiting manner, from detergent additives, anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, biocides, tracers or markers, reodorants, additives procetane, friction modifiers, lubricating additives or lubricity additives, combustion aiding agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), cold resistance additives and in particular agents improving the cloud point , pour point, TLF (“Filterability limit temperature”), anti-sedimentation agents, anti-wear agents and conductivity modifying agents.
• detergent additives anti-corrosion agents, dispersants, demulsifiers, anti-foam agents, biocides, tracers or markers, reodorants, additives procetane, friction modifiers, lubricating additives or lubricity additives, combustion aiding agents (catalytic combustion and soot promoters), cold resistance additives and in particular agents improving the cloud point , pour point, TLF (“F
• the present invention also relates to a concentrate for fuel comprising a composition of additives as defined above, in mixture with an organic liquid, said organic liquid being inert with respect to the first and second additives, and miscible with said fuel.
• the organic liquid is advantageously inert with respect to the constituents of the additive composition, and miscible with liquid fuels, in particular those coming from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral sources, preferably petroleum. , animal, vegetable and synthetic.
• miscible is meant the fact that the additives and the organic liquid form a solution or a dispersion so as to facilitate the mixing of the additives according to the invention in liquid fuels according to conventional fuel additive processes.
• the organic liquid is preferably chosen from aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent marketed under the name “SOLVESSO”, alcohols, ethers and other oxygenated compounds, and paraffinic solvents such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins, alone. or mixed.
• aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as the solvent marketed under the name “SOLVESSO”
• alcohols such as the solvent marketed under the name “SOLVESSO”
• ethers and other oxygenated compounds such as hexane, pentane or isoparaffins, alone. or mixed.
• the concentrate may also comprise one or more additional additive(s), different from said additives according to the invention, as defined above.
• the fuel according to the present invention contains a base from one or more sources chosen from the group consisting of mineral, animal, vegetable and synthetic sources, and is preferably chosen from hydrocarbon fuels, non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels and their mixtures.
• the fuel is advantageously chosen from hydrocarbon fuels and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels, alone or as a mixture.
• Hydrocarbon fuel means a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen.
• Gasoline and diesel are hydrocarbon fuels.
• non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel a fuel consisting of one or more compounds consisting not essentially of carbon and hydrogen, that is to say which also contain other atoms, in particular oxygen atoms.
• the fuel composition may comprise at least one hydrocarbon fuel chosen from middle distillates with a boiling temperature of between 100 and 500°C, preferably 150 to 450°C, preferably 150 to 400°C. C, of preferably 150 to 370°C, or lighter distillates having a boiling temperature between 50 and 260°C.
• middle distillates with a boiling temperature of between 100 and 500°C, preferably 150 to 450°C, preferably 150 to 400°C. C, of preferably 150 to 370°C, or lighter distillates having a boiling temperature between 50 and 260°C.
• distillates can for example be chosen from distillates obtained by direct distillation of crude hydrocarbons, vacuum distillates, hydrotreated distillates, distillates resulting from catalytic cracking and/or hydrocracking of distillates under vacuum, distillates resulting from ARDS type conversion processes (in English “atmospheric residue desulfurization”) and/or visbreaking, the distillates resulting from the valorization of Fischer Tropsch cuts.
• Hydrocarbon fuels are typically gasoline and diesel fuel (also called diesel fuel).
• the fuel composition is chosen from gas oils or gasolines, preferably from gas oils.
• Gasolines include, in particular, all commercially available spark ignition engine fuel compositions. As a representative example, we can cite gasolines meeting the NF EN 228 standard. Gasolines generally have sufficiently high octane indices to avoid the knocking phenomenon. Typically, gasoline-type fuels marketed in Europe, complying with the NF EN 228 standard, have a motor octane number (MON in English “Motor Octane Number”) greater than 85 and a research octane number (RON in English “ Research Octane Number”) of a minimum of 95. Gasoline type fuels generally have a RON ranging from 90 to 100 and a MON ranging from 80 to 90, the RON and MON being measured according to ASTM D 2699- 86 or D 2700-86.
• MON motor octane number
• RON research octane number
• Gas oils include, in particular, all commercially available diesel engine fuel compositions. We can cite, as a representative example, diesel fuels meeting the NF EN 590 standard.
• Non-essentially hydrocarbon fuels include in particular oxygenated ones, for example distillates resulting from the BTL (biomass to liquid) conversion of plant and/or animal biomass, taken alone or in combination; biofuels, for example oils and/or esters of vegetable and/or animal oils; THE biodiesels of animal and/or plant origin and bioethanols.
• Mixtures of hydrocarbon fuel and non-essentially hydrocarbon fuel are typically type B x diesels or type E x gasolines.
• type B x diesel fuel for Diesel engines we mean a diesel fuel which contains x% (v/v) of esters of vegetable or animal oils (including used cooking oils) transformed by a chemical process called transesterification, obtained by reacting this oil with an alcohol to obtain fatty acid esters (FAE). With methanol and ethanol, fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAFA) are obtained, respectively.
• FAME fatty acid methyl esters
• FFA fatty acid ethyl esters
• B indicates the percentage of EAG contained in the diesel.
• a B99 contains 99% of EAG and 1% of middle distillates of fossil origin (mineral source), B20, 20% of EAG and 80% of middle distillates of fossil origin etc....
• type B 0 gas oils which do not contain oxygenated compounds
• type Bx gas oils which contain x% (v/v) of esters of vegetable oils or fatty acids, most often methyl esters (EMHV or FAME) , x denoting a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• EAG methyl esters
• FAME methyl esters
• type E x gasoline for spark ignition engines we mean a gasoline fuel which contains x% (v/v) of oxygenates, generally ethanol, bioethanol, methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE) and/or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE), x designating a number ranging from 0 to 100.
• x% (v/v) of oxygenates generally ethanol, bioethanol, methyl-tertio-butyl-ether (MTBE) and/or ethyl-tertio-butyl-ether (ETBE)
• the sulfur content in the fuel composition is less than or equal to 1500 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 1000 ppm by weight, preferably less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight and preferably less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight, even more preferably less than or equal to 10 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and advantageously without sulfur.
• additional additives may be present in said fuel composition, such as those defined above.
• the content of each of said first and second additives (1) and (2) ranges from 5 to 10,000 ppm by weight, preferably from 5 to 1000 ppm by weight, more preferably from 10 to 500 ppm by weight. weight, more preferably from 12 to 400 ppm by weight, and even better from 15 to 350 ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the fuel composition.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the additive composition, or the fuel composition, or the fuel concentrate, to maintain cleanliness (keep-clean effect) and/or clean (clean-up effect). ) deposits in at least one of the internal parts of an engine, preferably Diesel, chosen from the following: the air intake system, and the air and fuel intake system of the engine, the combustion chamber combustion and the fuel injection system, and preferably the fuel injection system.
• Another object of the invention is the use of the additive composition, or the fuel composition, or the fuel concentrate to prevent and/or reduce coke deposits, and/or soaps and/or varnish on the injectors or injector needles; and/or soap and/or sticking (or valve-sticking) of gasoline engine valves, preferably to prevent and/or reduce soap and coking deposits and varnishes on injectors or injector needles in Diesel engines.
• Deposits are distinguished depending on the type of internal combustion engine and the location of the deposits in the internal parts of said engine.
• the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition engine or Diesel engine, in particular a Diesel engine with direct injection or a Diesel engine with indirect injection, in particular a Diesel engine with a Common injection system.
• Diesel engine with direct injection
• Diesel engine with indirect injection in particular a Diesel engine with a Common injection system.
• -Rail CCDI in English “Common Rail Direct Injection”.
• the targeted deposits are located in at least one of the internal parts of said Diesel engine.
• the targeted deposits are located in the injection system of the Diesel engine, preferably located on an external part of an injector of said injection system, for example the nose of the injector and/or on an internal part of an injector of said injection system (IDID in English “Internal Diesel Injector Deposits”), for example on the surface of an injector needle.
• the deposits may consist of deposits linked to the phenomenon of coking (“coking” in English) and/or deposits of soap and/or varnish type (“lacquering”).
• the fuel composition according to the invention is used to reduce the fuel consumption of an engine, preferably Diesel (“Fuel Eco” action) and/or minimize the loss of power of said gasoline engine or Diesel, and/or reduce pollutant emissions, in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• Diesel Fluel Eco” action
• pollutant emissions in particular, particulate emissions from the combustion engine.
• Another object of the invention is the use of said additive composition to reduce fouling (i.e. prevent and/or eliminate deposits) in the area of the rings and/or pistons and/or or engine liners.
• the engine is preferably Diesel, with direct injection, said power loss being able to be determined according to the standardized engine test method CEC F-98-08, but can also be a Diesel engine with indirect injection.
• Said compound(s) according to the invention can, advantageously, be used in fuel to reduce and/or avoid restriction of the flow of fuel emitted by the injector of a Diesel engine.
• the engine is preferably Diesel, with indirect injection, said flow restriction being able to be determined according to the standardized engine test method CEC F-23-01.
• the fuel composition according to the invention can be used to power engines used in all types of applications, for example in light vehicles (VL), heavy goods vehicles (PL), stationary vehicles, off-road vehicles. (mining, construction, works public%), agricultural machinery, thermal vehicles or hybrid vehicles (rechargeable or not)...
• VL light vehicles
• PL heavy goods vehicles
• stationary vehicles stationary vehicles
• off-road vehicles off-road vehicles.
• agricultural machinery thermal vehicles or hybrid vehicles (rechargeable or not).
• the additive composition or the concentrate according to the invention can be used in “severe” or “easier to process” gas oils.
• “Severe” gas oils are distinguished from “easy-to-treat” gas oils in that they require a higher rate of treatment in additive composition to be effective than an “easy-to-treat” gas oil.
• the fuel composition according to the invention can be prepared according to any known process, by adding a liquid fuel base as described above with at least the two additives as described above, and optionally one or more other additives different from the additives according to the invention, as described previously.
• the engine is a spark ignition engine, or gasoline engine, with direct or indirect injection.
• the internal part kept clean and/or cleaned of the spark ignition engine is preferably chosen from the intake system of the engine, in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the injection system fuel, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (PFI) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
• the intake system of the engine in particular the intake valves (IVD), the combustion chamber (CCD or TCD) and the injection system fuel, in particular the injectors of an indirect injection system (PFI) or the injectors of a direct injection system (DISI).
• the internal combustion engine is a compression ignition or Diesel engine, preferably a Diesel engine with direct injection, in particular a Diesel engine with a Common-Rail injection system (CRDI).
• Diesel engine with direct injection in particular a Diesel engine with a Common-Rail injection system (CRDI).
• CCDI Common-Rail injection system
• the internal part kept clean (keep-clean) and/or cleaned (clean-up) of the Diesel engine is, preferably, the injection system of the Diesel engine, preferably an external part of an injector of said injection system , for example the nose of the injector and/or one of the internal parts of an injector of said injection system, for example the surface of an injector needle.
• the step of preparing a fuel composition above is preceded by a preliminary step of determining the content of hydrocarbon compound(s) to be incorporated into said fuel composition to achieve a given specification relating to the detergency properties of the fuel composition.
• This preliminary step is part of current practice in the field of fuel additives and involves defining at least one characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel composition as well as a target value.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel will depend on the type of internal combustion engine, for example Diesel or spark ignition, the direct or indirect injection system and the location in the engine of the deposits targeted for cleaning and/or maintaining cleanliness.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties of the fuel can, for example, correspond to the loss of power due to the formation of deposits in the injectors or the restriction of the flow of fuel emitted by the injector at during operation of said engine.
• the characteristic representative of the detergency properties can also correspond to the appearance of lacquering type deposits at the level of the injector needle (IDID).
• the quantity of additive added to each composition is detailed in Tables 3 and 4 below, in which the content of each additive is indicated in ppm by weight relative to the total weight of the final composition: ⁇ u>Table 3: ⁇ /u>fuel compositions from B7 diesel Additives added Composition B7-1 Composition B7-2 Composition B7-3 A1 250 0 125 A2 0 250 125 Additives added Composition B0-1 Composition B0-2 Composition B0-3 A1 250 0 125 A2 0 250 125
• the performance in terms of detergency of each of the fuel compositions above was evaluated using the XUD9 engine test, consisting of determining the flow loss defined as corresponding to the restriction of the flow of a diesel fuel emitted by the injector d a pre-chamber Diesel engine during operation, according to the standardized engine test method CEC F-23-1-01.
• the objective of this test is to evaluate the ability of the composition of additives tested to reduce deposits on the injectors of a Peugeot XUD9 A/L four-cylinder engine with pre-chamber Diesel injection.
• the tests were carried out with a Peugeot XUD9 A/L four-cylinder diesel pre-chamber injection engine equipped with clean injectors whose flow rate was determined beforehand.
• the flow rate of the injectors is evaluated again.
• the flow loss is measured on the four injectors. Results are expressed as percentage flow loss for different needle lifts. Usually we compare the clogging values at 0.1 mm of needle lift because they are more discriminating and more precise and repeatable (repeatability ⁇ 5%).
• the evolution of the flow loss before/after test makes it possible to deduce the flow loss as a percentage. Taking into account the repeatability of the test, a significant detergent effect can be affirmed for a reduction in flow loss, i.e. a flow gain greater than 10 points (>10%).
• compositions according to the invention (B7-3 and B0-3) containing the combination of additives A1 and A2 lead to very good results in terms of cleaning clogged injectors (“clean-up” effect). ").
• compositions B7-1, B7-2, B0-1 and B0-2) At an otherwise identical total additive content (250 ppm), these results are significantly higher than those obtained with the comparative compositions containing only one of the two additives (compositions B7-1, B7-2, B0-1 and B0-2).

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