EP4153548A1 - Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung, deren verwendung in einem gasgenerator sowie verwendung eines basischen mischmetallnitrats - Google Patents
Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung, deren verwendung in einem gasgenerator sowie verwendung eines basischen mischmetallnitratsInfo
- Publication number
- EP4153548A1 EP4153548A1 EP21726104.9A EP21726104A EP4153548A1 EP 4153548 A1 EP4153548 A1 EP 4153548A1 EP 21726104 A EP21726104 A EP 21726104A EP 4153548 A1 EP4153548 A1 EP 4153548A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- basic
- gas
- metal nitrate
- nitrate
- generating composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
- C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
Definitions
- the invention relates to a gas-generating composition, in particular for a safety device in a vehicle, the use of such a gas-generating composition in a gas generator and the use of a basic mixed metal nitrate.
- gas-generating compositions In addition to the fuels they contain, gas-generating compositions generally require additional oxidizing agents in order to be able to have a balanced oxygen balance.
- oxidizing agents are, in particular, basic metal nitrates, as they are, for example, in Aguirre et al .: “Simple Route for the Synthesis of Copper Hydroxy Salts” (J. Braz. Chem. Soc., Vol. 22 (3), 2011, p. 546 - 551) are described.
- a balanced oxygen balance is important for the use of gas bag modules in the interior of a vehicle, for example.
- increased requirements apply to the propellant gas generated, since it can get into the interior and thus to the occupants of the vehicle, for example, via outflow openings in the gas bag.
- limit values for gas components such as CO, NFI 3 and NO x required in the specifications of the automobile manufacturers can only be achieved with fuel mixtures with an essentially balanced oxygen balance.
- Additional requirements for gas-generating compositions can lie in the coordination of the ballistic behavior, for example in the setting of a combustion temperature, a combustion rate and / or slag formation during the decomposition of the gas-generating composition.
- the object of the invention is to provide a gas-generating composition which enables the burning properties to be controlled and is suitable for use in safety devices.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a gas-generating composition for a safety device, in particular in a vehicle, with an oxidizing agent which comprises a basic mixed metal nitrate, the basic mixed metal nitrate being based on a basic metal nitrate in which the metal of the basic metal nitrate is partially replaced by at least one other Element is replaced.
- Basic mixed metal nitrates within the meaning of the invention are in particular compounds which are represented by the general formula (I) below:
- B the at least one further element, x the proportion of the at least one further element per formula unit, y the number of nitrate ions per formula unit, z the number of hydroxide ions per formula unit, and n the ratio between nitrate ions and hydroxide ions per formula unit.
- x in formula (I) is in particular in the range 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.95, preferably in the range 0.4 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.8.
- Typical values for n, y and z are in the range from 1 to 4, in particular from 1 to 3, where n, y and z can be selected independently of one another in the respective range.
- the compounds given in formula (I) can also be in the form of hydrates.
- the decomposition of the basic mixed metal nitrates can produce at least ternary mixed oxides.
- Such mixed oxides generally have higher melting temperatures or sublimation temperatures than binary metal oxides with a single metal or as elementary metals.
- the at least ternary mixed oxides are thus present as solids at temperatures such as occur during the decomposition of the gas-generating composition, which can be filtered out of the propellant gas more easily than gases or liquids.
- the use of the basic mischmetal nitrate improves slag formation when the gas-generating composition is converted.
- Cost savings can also be achieved if the at least one further element is more cost-effective than the metal of the basic metal nitrate on which the basic mixed metal nitrate is based.
- Basic metal nitrates for the purposes of the invention are compounds which are represented by the general formula (II) given below, some compounds also being able to contain hydrates:
- n a metal
- x 'the number of metal atoms per formula unit, y and y' each the number of nitrate ions per formula unit
- n the ratio between nitrate ions and hydroxide ions per formula unit.
- Typical values for n, x ', y, y', z and z ' are in the range from 1 to 4, in particular from 1 to 3, with n, x', y, y ', z and z' in each case independently of one another Area can be chosen.
- Examples of the compounds of the general formula (II) include those which contain, as metal M, copper, cobalt, zinc, manganese, iron, molybdenum, bismuth or cerium, such as, for example, basic copper nitrate (Cu 2 (OH) 2 N0 3 and CU 3 (N0 3 ) (0H) 5 2 H 2 0), basic cobalt nitrate (Co 2 (N0 3 ) (OH) 3 ), basic zinc nitrate (Z basic manganese nitrate (Mn (N0 3 ) (0H) 2 ), basic Iron nitrate) n-2 Fl 2 0), basic molybdenum nitrate, basic bismuth nitrate and basic cerium nitrate [Ce (NO 3 ) 3 (0FI) 3H 2 0].
- basic copper nitrate Cu 2 (OH) 2 N0 3 and CU 3 (N0 3 ) (0H) 5 2 H 2 0
- basic cobalt nitrate Co 2 (N
- the basic metal nitrate which determines the structure of the basic mixed metal nitrate, is in particular a basic transition metal nitrate.
- the basic metal nitrate is preferably basic copper nitrate.
- Basic copper nitrate is also known as “bCN” (abbreviated for “basic copper nitrate”) and can be described using the empirical formula CU 2 (0FI) 2 N0 3 .
- Basic copper nitrate has been tried and tested for use in gas-generating compositions for safety equipment and is available worldwide.
- Known formulations which comprise basic copper nitrate can thus be adapted in a simple manner by at least partially replacing the basic copper nitrate with the basic mischmetal nitrate according to the invention.
- the at least one further element can be selected from the group consisting of alkaline earth metals, transition metals, aluminum and boron. In any case, the at least one further element is different from the metal of the basic metal nitrate.
- the at least one further element is preferably zinc.
- a zinc-containing basic mixed metal nitrate makes it possible to suppress a light phenomenon that occurs during the conversion of the gas-generating composition, which is also referred to as “flaming”.
- zinc is used as a further element in the basic mixed metal nitrate
- zinc oxide which is formed during the decomposition of the gas-generating composition is at least partially doped with the metal or the further elements of the basic mixed metal nitrate.
- Zinc oxide is a semiconductor with a band gap that allows absorption of ultraviolet and visible light. By doping with further elements or metals, the size of the band gap can be reduced, whereby the emission occurring after absorption is shifted into the range of infrared light.
- the basic mixed metal nitrate is particularly preferably a basic copper-zinc-nitrate which is based on basic copper nitrate and is also referred to below with the abbreviation “bCZN”.
- the basic copper-zinc-nitrate is hydrate-free.
- the basic copper-zinc-nitrate in the gas-generating composition still behaves similarly to basic copper-nitrate, so that the burn-off behavior of the gas-generating composition is only customized but not fundamentally changed via the selected proportion of zinc in the basic copper-zinc nitrate.
- a portion of the copper in the basic copper-zinc-nitrate can be replaced by at least one further element.
- the basic mixed metal nitrate in particular 10 mol percent or more of the metal in the basic metal nitrate has been replaced by the at least one further element, preferably 40 mol percent or more.
- the metal in the basic metal nitrate can be replaced by the at least one further element, preferably 80 mol percent or less.
- the details in mol percent relate in particular to the molar amount of the metal in the crystal structure of the basic metal nitrate.
- a crystal structure of the basic mixed metal nitrate preferably corresponds to the crystal structure of the basic metal nitrate. In other words, there are preferably only insignificant distortions in the crystal structure compared to the basic metal nitrate. This increases the probability that the basic mischmetal nitrate can be used in known formulations for gas-generating compositions without further formulation adjustments having to be made.
- the at least one further element can be arranged stochastically or periodically distributed in the basic mixed metal nitrate.
- a random distribution of the at least one further element on the theoretical lattice sites of the metal in the basic metal nitrate can be provided in the basic mixed metal nitrate.
- domains can be formed in the crystal structure of the basic mixed metal nitrate, in which the at least one further element is arranged.
- the basic mixed metal nitrate can be obtained by precipitating one or more basic nitrate solutions of the individual elements, in particular various metal nitrate solutions.
- production methods can be used which are analogous to the methods shown in DE 102 96592 B4 for the synthesis of basic metal nitrates.
- the inventors have found that the stoichiometry and the crystal structure of the precipitating basic mixed metal nitrate are influenced both thermodynamically and kinetically.
- An adaptation of the basic mixed metal nitrate obtained via the temperature, the pH value, the concentrations of the nitrate solutions used and their relationship to one another and the mixing speed of the nitrate solutions can thus be influenced.
- the mole fraction of the at least one further element can be set in a targeted manner in this way.
- the gas-generating composition can contain all fuels known in the prior art and suitable for safety devices as fuel.
- the fuel can be selected from the group consisting of boron, aluminum, silicon, magnesium, iron, titanium, tungsten, copper, carbon, zirconium, alloys of the aforementioned elements, nitrotriazolone, nitrocellulose, guanidinium compounds, in particular guanidinium nitrate, nitroguanidine and double salts of these Compounds, tetrazoles, aminotetrazoles, dinitramides and / or combinations of the aforementioned fuels.
- the fuel is present in the gas-generating composition in a proportion of 5 to 95 percent by weight, preferably in a proportion of 10 to 90 percent by weight or 20 to 80 percent by weight, particularly preferably in a proportion of 35 to 65 percent by weight.
- the gas-generating composition can comprise at least one further oxidizing agent selected from the group consisting of nitrates, oxides and / or mixed oxides of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and transition metals, transition metal nitrate hydroxides, chlorates, perchlorates, ammonium nitrate, sulfates, phosphates, oxalates, Dinitramides, peroxides, water, oxygen and / or combinations thereof. In principle, all allotropes and all isotropes of the corresponding compounds are also included.
- the gas-generating composition preferably contains 10 to 60% by weight of the basic mixed metal nitrate and optionally of the at least one further oxidizing agent.
- the proportion of basic mixed metal nitrate and optionally of the at least one further oxidizing agent in the gas-generating composition is in particular selected so that a balanced oxygen balance is achieved.
- the gas generating composition can additionally comprise 5% by weight or less of a processing aid, in particular 1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the gas generating composition.
- Processing aids are, for example, pressing aids, flow aids and / or lubricants, which in the specified amount do not have a significant effect on the burning rate of the composition
- processing aids are polyethylene glycol, cellulose, methyl cellulose, graphite, wax, metal soaps, for example calcium stearate, magnesium stearate, zinc stearate and / or aluminum stearate, boron nitride, talc, bentonite, silica and molybdenum sulfide and mixtures thereof.
- the gas-generating composition according to the invention can contain conventional combustion moderators and / or coolants, for example 10% by weight or less, in particular up to 6% by weight or 0.1 to 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the gas-generating composition.
- the additives mentioned have a stabilizing effect on the combustion and keep the combustion temperature low. At the same time, the slagging of the combustion residues is improved, which prevents the residues from becoming dusty.
- combustion moderators and / or coolants are B 2 0 3 , Al 2 0 3 , MgO, Ti0 2 , Si0 2 , Mg (OH) 2 , basic magnesium carbonate, CaC0 3 and mixtures thereof.
- the gas-generating composition can additionally comprise 5% by weight or less of a further additive, in particular 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the gas-generating composition.
- the further additives serve in particular to improve the ignitability and the mechanical properties of the gas-generating composition.
- the combustion temperature of the gas-generating composition is preferably in a range from 1700 K to 2300 K.
- the object of the invention is further achieved through the use of a gas-generating composition of the type described above in a safety device, in particular for a vehicle.
- the object of the invention is achieved through the use of a basic mixed metal nitrate of the type described above as an oxidizing agent in a gas-generating composition, in particular in a gas-generating composition for safety devices.
- the safety device is arranged, for example, in a vehicle or a vest or a protector of a user.
- Table 1 Gas generating compositions according to the invention.
- GuNi guanidinium nitrate
- bCZN basic copper zinc nitrate (basic mixed metal nitrate)
- the metal stearate used is a mixture of calcium stearate, magnesium stearate and zinc stearate.
- the ballistic behavior was carried out on the basis of a series of tests with three compositions, as shown in Table 2.
- the gas-generating compositions were pressed into cylindrical tablets with a diameter of 4 mm and a thickness of 1.3 mm.
- the oxidant used had a grain size d 5 o of 6 pm.
- the zinc content in the bCZN used was 22%.
- Table 2 Composition for ballistic tests.
- Table 3 Results of the ballistic tests of the examples from Table 2.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Air Bags (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020113381.2A DE102020113381A1 (de) | 2020-05-18 | 2020-05-18 | Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung, deren verwendung in einem gasgenerator sowie verwendung eines basischen mischmetallnitrats |
| PCT/EP2021/062940 WO2021233808A1 (de) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-05-17 | Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung, deren verwendung in einem gasgenerator sowie verwendung eines basischen mischmetallnitrats |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4153548A1 true EP4153548A1 (de) | 2023-03-29 |
| EP4153548B1 EP4153548B1 (de) | 2025-09-17 |
Family
ID=75953861
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21726104.9A Active EP4153548B1 (de) | 2020-05-18 | 2021-05-17 | Gaserzeugende zusammensetzung, deren verwendung in einem gasgenerator sowie verwendung eines basischen mischmetallnitrats |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20230174438A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4153548B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN115667189A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020113381A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2021233808A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| TWI241277B (en) | 2001-03-29 | 2005-10-11 | Daicel Chem | Method for the production of the basic metal nitrate |
| EP1587775A2 (de) * | 2003-01-21 | 2005-10-26 | Autoliv Asp, Inc. | Gasgeneratoren |
| KR101212790B1 (ko) * | 2011-05-12 | 2012-12-14 | 주식회사 한화 | 가스발생제용 조성물, 이를 이용한 가스발생제 및 이를 포함하는 인플레이터 |
| US20140352855A1 (en) * | 2013-06-03 | 2014-12-04 | Tk Holdings Inc. | Nitro Aromatic Substituted Metal Hydroxyl Nitrates |
| CN110734353A (zh) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-31 | 龚继海 | 一种燃气式超细干粉灭火系统用气体发生剂及其制备方法 |
-
2020
- 2020-05-18 DE DE102020113381.2A patent/DE102020113381A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-05-17 US US17/926,193 patent/US20230174438A1/en active Pending
- 2021-05-17 CN CN202180035958.2A patent/CN115667189A/zh active Pending
- 2021-05-17 WO PCT/EP2021/062940 patent/WO2021233808A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-05-17 EP EP21726104.9A patent/EP4153548B1/de active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020113381A1 (de) | 2021-11-18 |
| US20230174438A1 (en) | 2023-06-08 |
| EP4153548B1 (de) | 2025-09-17 |
| CN115667189A (zh) | 2023-01-31 |
| WO2021233808A1 (de) | 2021-11-25 |
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