Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N49/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds containing the group, wherein m+n>=1, both X together may also mean —Y— or a direct carbon-to-carbon bond, and the carbon atoms marked with an asterisk are not part of any ring system other than that which may be formed by the atoms X, the carbon atoms in square brackets being part of any acyclic or cyclic structure, or the group, wherein A means a carbon atom or Y, n>=0, and not more than one of these carbon atoms being a member of the same ring system, e.g. juvenile insect hormones or mimics thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N45/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, containing compounds having three or more carbocyclic rings condensed among themselves, at least one ring not being a six-membered ring
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing liquids as carriers, diluents or solvents
  • A01N25/04—Dispersions, emulsions, suspoemulsions, suspension concentrates or gels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
  • A01N25/30—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests characterised by the surfactants
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P1/00—Disinfectants; Antimicrobial compounds or mixtures thereof
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P13/00—Herbicides; Algicides
  • A01P13/02—Herbicides; Algicides selective
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P3/00—Fungicides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
  • A01P7/02—Acaricides
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
  • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
  • A01P7/04—Insecticides

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of cultivated plants, in particular in fields, and to the prevention of the harmful effects linked to exposure to abiotic and / or biotic stresses in said cultivated plants, in particular the loss of dry matter, i.e. that is to say, in relation to the hectare, the decrease in yield.
• the invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of a plant in culture to limit the loss of dry matter linked to abiotic and / or biotic stress. It also relates to a slurry comprising at least one surfactant and a mixture of phytosterols for carrying out the process, as well as a base for the manufacture of said composition.
• Plants that is to say crops and especially ornamental plants, are subject to various stresses.
• plants are constantly exposed to their environment and cannot escape abiotic stressors (drought, cold, frost, salinity, etc.).
• abiotic stressors deep, cold, frost, salinity, etc.
• they are also exposed to biotic stressors, i.e. stress resulting from the harmful action of a living or pest organism (viruses, fungi, bacteria, insects, pests, etc.) .
• a plant cultivated for example in fields, is subjected to these various stresses having in particular the effect of a decrease in the production of dry matter by the plant compared to a plant cultivated under optimal conditions (controlled conditions in input in water, day / night period, absence of exposure to abiotic and / or biotic stresses, etc.).
• Curative treatments have been proposed which consist in applying to plants a mixture of surfactant and / or phytosterol after exposure to a biotic or abiotic stress.
• documents EP 2 183 959 or even JP S51 57556 describe the application only of a surfactant.
• Documents WO 2018/229710, CN 103 563 929, FR-A-3,069,756 and FR-A-3,069,757 describe the application of a mixture of phytosterol and a surfactant.
• compositions to plants exposed to a biotic or abiotic stress before the appearance of this stress, that is to say as a preventive treatment.
• a preventive treatment for example, the document EBAD et al. Describes experiments during which sunflower seeds are immersed in a composition comprising only b-sitosterol before being exposed to salt stress (abiotic stress). This results in a decrease in the harmful effects of salt stress on plant growth.
• the documents CN 103 563 929, JP H07 89808 or KR 2011 0124174 describe methods of curative treatment of plants subjected to biotic stress consisting in applying a mixture of a phytosterol and a surfactant as an auxiliary agent of said composition.
• the compositions described in these documents do not make it possible to preserve the expected yields.
• GMO genetically modified organism
• the problem which the invention proposes to solve is that of developing a formulation and a method for treating a plant cultivated from an unmodified seed in order to effectively reduce the loss of dry matter induced by an unmodified seed. exposure to abiotic and / or biotic stress and which does not exhibit the aforementioned drawbacks.
• a slurry based on a mixture of phytosterols, including b-sitosterol, and at least one surfactant, applied to the plant in cultivation as a preventive measure, that is - that is to say before the stress occurs, made it possible to reduce the harmful effects of abiotic and / or biotic stresses, in particular the loss of dry matter and therefore of the yield per hectare.
• the mixture and the treatment method according to the invention induce an overall strengthening of the vigor of the plant. Depending on environmental conditions, this effect may result in maintaining optimum yield while the crop is placed under stressful conditions.
• the mixture and the method of treatment according to the invention do not induce an increase in the yield when the plant is cultivated under optimal conditions.
• the invention does not allow the plant to exceed its genetic potential either in the absence or in the presence of exposure to stress.
• the description and the examples presented below show in particular that the effects of the invention result in an adaptation of the plant (physiology, growth, metabolism, etc.) which enables it to fight against abiotic and / or biotic stresses and to maintain the production of dry matter.
• the invention relates to a method of preventive treatment of a cultivated plant to limit the loss of dry matter linked to abiotic and / or biotic stress, consisting in applying to the plant, before the appearance of said abiotic and / or biotic stress, a porridge comprising:
• a base comprising at least one surfactant and a mixture of phytosterols comprising b-sitosterol.
• cultiva plant is opposed to a plant living naturally and, consequently, designates all the plants that man is capable of cultivating, that is to say sowing, planting. and operate.
• the plant is cultivated in fields or under controlled conditions, for example in hydroponics, in pots, in a greenhouse; preferably the plant according to the invention is cultivated in fields.
• the term “slurry” denotes the base according to the invention diluted in water or in a solution comprising water and one or more active agents.
• the slurry comprises the base of the invention, water and optionally one or more active agents.
• abiotic stress is the cause of a decrease in the yield / production of dry matter and results from drought (lack of water or water stress), extreme temperatures (heat stress), excess water. 'water (flooding or “flooding”), frost, wind, soil salinity (salt stress), ultraviolet radiation, insufficient access to certain nutrients, soil with stressful characteristics (chemical composition, redox potential, ...), or mechanical injuries, advantageously drought and / or extreme temperatures.
• the abiotic stress is water stress.
• the abiotic stress is heat stress.
• the period when the useful soil water reserve is correctly filled that is to say the period between the moment when the useful water reserve is completely full (capacity in the field) and the moment of wilting point.
• thermo stress in particular with regard to thermal stress (or extreme temperatures)
• thermal stress or extreme temperatures
• the Applicant has observed that the mixture according to the invention, applied in prevention to the cultivated plant, that is to say before the abiotic stress occurs, made it possible to induce a closure of the plants. stomata and therefore a decrease in evapotranspiration. Consequently, the water consumption by the plant is reduced without affecting the yield, that is to say the production of dry matter.
• the invention also relates to a method for reducing the consumption of water by a plant cultivated under conditions of water stress, consisting in applying to said plant, before the appearance of water stress, the mixture described above.
• the biological mechanisms brought into play by the porridge according to the invention in particular phytosterols and therefore b-sitosterol, lead to a stimulation of the vigor of the plant which offers better resistance of the plant to water stress:
• stimulation of the vigor of the plant is meant, for example, a stimulation of various metabolic pathways of the plant which offer better resistance of the plant to water stress.
• the biological mechanisms described above lead to improving the overall vigor of the plant.
• the size of the water reservoir accessible to the plant and the rate of consumption of this reservoir are therefore modulated by signals whose transmission involves phytosterols, in particular b-sitosterol. These two mechanisms lead to an optimization of the consumption by the plant of the water to which it has access.
• an effect of tolerance to water stress is observed in particular induced by b-sitosterol as used in the invention as well as by the application of the slurry before exposure to stress.
• this can result from the harmful action of a living organism on cultivated plants that it is a fungal infection and / or a bacterial infection and / or a viral infection and / or an attack by pests and / or competition with weeds.
• a fungal infection of the plant is downy mildew on vines, tomatoes, potatoes or else septoria on wheat, rynchosporia on barley or powdery mildew on straw cereals and on vines;
• a bacterial infection of the plant is crown gall, canker or even fire blight;
• a viral infection of the plant may be mosaics or even dwarfing yellows; pests capable of attacking a cultivated plant are aphids, flea beetles and weevils.
• the slurry according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the intensity of a fungal disease, advantageously without affecting its frequency.
• before the appearance of biotic stress in particular in the case of a fungal infection, is meant the period before the appearance of the first symptoms, for example, before the appearance of the first. spots on the leaves and / or stems of the cultivated plant.
• the expression “intensity of the fungal disease” denotes the average of the intensity of the disease on all the leaves of the cultivated plant.
• the intensity of disease on a leaf is the area of the leaf covered over the disease.
• the expression “frequency of fungal disease” denotes the number of leaves on which the disease / appearance of spots is observed.
• the slurry according to the invention applied before the appearance of an infection of the plant, in particular of a fungal infection ensures a reduction in the area of the spot / leaf discoloration compared to a plant. not having received the preventive treatment according to the invention.
• the Applicant has also observed that the slurry according to the invention improves the growth and development of the plant, and particularly of the young seedling when the slurry is applied before the onset of stress. In particular, these improvements are all the more advantageous when the slurry is applied by imbibing the seed.
• the invention therefore also relates to a method for stimulating the growth and development of young plantlets, consisting in applying the mixture described above before the onset of abiotic and / or biotic stress, preferably by imbibing the seed.
• the method according to the invention therefore makes it possible to limit the time of exposure of the young plantlet to abiotic and / or biotic stresses.
• the effect of the product applied by imbibing the seed lasts over time, since the plants treated with the composition of the invention are more tolerant to abiotic and / or biotic stress.
• the young seedling is more fragile than the adult plant with regard to abiotic and / or biotic stresses.
• a young plantlet which has received a treatment with the mixture according to the invention reaches a state of so-called complete maturity (“adult” state) more quickly than a plantlet which has not received this treatment.
• the surfactant included in the slurry according to the invention facilitates the passage of the barrier of the integuments, or even the rupture of the integuments, of the seed and therefore accelerates germination. Then, the exogenous contribution of the mixture of phytosterols, in particular the b-sitosterol, makes it possible to stimulate the growth and the development of the seedling.
• the compounds according to the invention are not products with specific activity, for example fungicide or even biocide, makes it possible to envisage a broad spectrum use on a large number of crops, which can in particular improve protection and therefore the profitability of minor crops for which the number of plant protection products available is almost zero.
• the slurry according to the invention is applied by spraying on the leaves, sprinkling, irrigation, imbibition of the seed, coating of the seed, drip or gravity watering of the cultivated plant, by addition to a culture medium. in hydroponics or by immersion.
• foliar spraying is meant a spray of spray under pressure forming a large number of microdroplets which come to cover the upper and / or lower face of the leaf;
• irrigation means a supply of water in the soil solution captured by the root system of the plant
• seed imbibition means immersion of the seed in a solution comprising the composition.
• the spray is applied by foliar spraying at a rate of 0.1 L / ha to 15 L / ha, preferably at a rate of 1 L / ha to 5 L / ha on the cultivated plant, preferably at a covering stage of soil by the leaves of the plant.
• the slurry is applied as many times as necessary to combat all the abiotic and / or biotic stresses to which the cultivated plant is subjected during its life, that is to say until its desiccation or wilting.
• the slurry according to the invention is applied only once by foliar spraying and / or irrigation and / or imbibition of the seed.
• the cultivated plant is a chlorophyll plant, advantageously chosen from the group comprising the plants of large crops of cereals, oilseeds and protein crops; viticulture; with roots and tubers; horticulture; turf; market gardening; aromatics and spices; arboriculture or industrial cultivation plants intended for the production of a raw material with a view to its transformation.
• the cultivated plant is chosen from the group comprising soybeans, corn, barley, millet, moha, miscanthus, panicum, sorghum, peanuts, wheat, rapeseed, sunflower, protein peas, field peas, field beans, lupine, flax, truncated alfalfa, grape, beet, potato, bean, salad, parsley, rice, radish, fruit trees and ornamentals.
• the mixture of phytosterols comprises ⁇ -sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol.
• the b-sitosterol represents at least 30% by mass of the mixture of phytosterols, preferably at least 35%, the remainder to 100% comprising where appropriate, in particular campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol.
• a mixture of phytosterols according to the invention corresponds to an extract of phytosterols obtained from oleaginous seeds such as soybean, pine, sunflower or rapeseed seeds. Mention may be made, by way of example, of the raw material corresponding to the CAS number 949109-75-5.
• the at least one surfactant is chosen from the group comprising anionic surfactants, advantageously those whose polar head is a carboxylate, a sulphonate or a sulphated alcohol; cationic surfactants, advantageously those whose polar head is an amine, a quaternary amine or a quaternary ammonium ester; amphoteric surfactants, advantageously betaine derivatives or phospholipids; neutral surfactants, advantageously ethoxylates, alkanolamines, alkylglucamides, esters of polyols, alkyl-mono and alkyl-poly-polyglucosides or ethers of polyols; natural surfactants, advantageously soya lecithin or surfactants derived from amino acids; and / or surfactants synthesized from natural raw materials, advantageously polyol derivatives, preferably sugar and fatty acid esters.
• anionic surfactants advantageously those whose polar head is a carb
• esters of sugar and of fatty acid are sucrose stearate, sucrose palmitate and their polyesters.
• the method according to the invention consists in applying to the plant, before the appearance of an abiotic and / or biotic stress, a slurry comprising:
• a mixture comprising b-sitosterol, advantageously at least 30% by weight of the mixture, of campesterol, stigmasterol and brassicasterol;
• At least one surfactant comprising sucrose stearate.
• the at least one surfactant as described above is in the form of a mixture comprising sucrose stearate and sucrose palmitate.
• the mixture of phytosterols / surfactant mass ratio of said slurry used in the process according to the invention is between 0.01 and 5, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5.
• the invention relates to a slurry comprising in particular water and a base comprising at least one surfactant and a mixture of phytosterols comprising b-sitosterol, for the implementation of the method as described above, the composition being that described above.
• the base represents between 1 ppm and 20% by mass of the slurry, advantageously between 1 ppm and 10%, the remainder to 100% being water or a mixture comprising water and a mixture. or assets.
• the invention relates to a base for the manufacture of the above composition, said base, in a particular embodiment in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion of which the size of the particles (or oil droplets) is less than 500 ⁇ m comprising:
• an aqueous phase representing between 60% and 95% by weight of the base and comprising, advantageously, a preservative
• a mixture of phytosterols comprising ⁇ -sitosterol, the weight ratio of mixture of phytosterols / surfactant, of said base, being between 0.01 and 5, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5.
• the base is in the form of an emulsion consisting of particles constituting the oil phase and comprising the mixture of phytosterols. These particles have a size of less than 500 ⁇ m, advantageously less than 200 ⁇ m, preferably less than 100 ⁇ m, in particular less than 50 ⁇ m, or even less than 10 ⁇ m.
• the size of the particles is between 0.1 and 10 ⁇ m.
• size denotes the largest dimension of the particles, namely the mean diameter by volume, determined by laser diffraction.
• the size of the particles according to the invention is less than the size of the stomata of a plant (of the order of 10 ⁇ m) in order to facilitate their penetration into said plant.
• the aqueous phase further comprises a preservative, advantageously selected from the group consisting of benzyl alcohol or one of its salts, benzoic acid or one of its salts, dehydroacetic acid or one of its salts, salicylic acid or one of its salts, and sorbic acid or one of its salts.
• this preservative represents between 0.1% and 5% by weight of the base.
• the slurry according to the invention penetrates the plant through the stomata and / or by crossing the cuticle and / or by absorption by the root system of the cultivated plant.
• the slurry applied to the plants is obtained by diluting the base.
• the use of the base constituting the slurry in the form of a stable emulsion combined with the use of a surfactant mixture / mixture of phytosterols in the form of particles, as mentioned above above, makes it possible to reduce the quantity of b-sitosterol, advantageously applied in the field, while remaining effective with respect to abiotic stresses, especially water stress.
• the aqueous phase included in the base represents between 60% and 95% by weight of the base, advantageously between 70% and 90%, preferably between 75% and 88%.
• the oil phase represents between 5% and 40% by weight of the base, advantageously between 10% and 30%, preferably between 12% and 25%.
• the surfactant according to the invention modifies the state of the cuticle to make it permeable, that is to say allows the mixture of phytosterols to penetrate to reach the internal elements of the sheet. or the plant, for example plant cells.
• the mixture of phytosterols and the surfactant (s) according to the invention are combined with at least one active agent.
• the term “active” denotes a biological product allowing the plant to fight against abiotic and / or biotic stresses, advantageously:
• a plant protection product such as a growth regulator, fungicides, fungistats, bactericides, bacteriostats, insecticides, acaricides, parasiticides, nematicides, taupicides or even herbicides;
• biocontrol product based on natural mechanisms allowing plants to fight against fungal infections, bacterial infections, viral infections, attack by pests and / or competition with weeds; preferably fungicides, fungistats, bactericides, bacteriostats, insecticides, acaricides, parasiticides, nematicides, taupicides or even herbicides; and or
• the slurry denotes the base according to the invention diluted in water or in a solution comprising water and one or more active agents.
• the traditional treatment of cultivated plants consists in applying active products (plant protection product and / or biocontrol product and / or nutrient) in particular on the cultivated plant where they only exert an action via an interaction with the surface of the plant. . They do not or little penetrate, by passive diffusion, in the plant.
• the Applicant has found that the combination of phytosterols and the surfactant according to the invention with at least one active agent makes it possible to facilitate the diffusion, the passive penetration of the active agent into the plant cell by means of the mechanisms passage of the cuticle and the plant cell membrane as described above.
• the mixture according to the invention therefore makes it possible to have a greater concentration / quantity of active ingredient in the plant.
• the spray is applied before the onset of stress, it is observed a systemic action of the active ingredient in the plant and therefore a better fight against abiotic and / or biotic stresses.
• the porridge makes it possible to reduce the doses of active ingredients used while guaranteeing better effectiveness of these active ingredients.
• the mixture of phytosterols as well as the surfactant (s) exhibit the same characteristics as described above.
• the mixture of phytosterols represents between 0.5% and 10% by mass of the base, advantageously between 0.5% and 7%, preferably between 1% and 5%.
• the b-sitosterol is present in a greater amount compared to campesterol, stigmasterol or else brassicasterol (b-sitosterol> campesterol; b-sitosterol> stigmasterol; b-sitosterol> brassicasterol).
• the b-sitosterol is present in an amount greater than the campesterol in the mixture (b-sitosterol> campesterol).
• the b-sitosterol represents at least 30% by mass of the mixture
• the campesterol and the stigmasterol each represent at least 15% by mass of the mixture
• the brassicasterol represents at least 1% by mass of the mixture.
• the base according to the invention allows an effective exogenous supply of phytosterols, in particular of ⁇ -sitosterol, optionally combined with an active ingredient (s), via the combination of a suitable formulation with a system for vectoring phytosterols in the form of particles of size particular, as mentioned previously.
• the term “vectorization of phytosterols” denotes the transport of phytosterols, which are hydrophobic, by means of the aqueous phase.
• the surfactant advantageously represents between 0.2% and 30% by mass of the base, preferably between 1% and 20%, in particularly between 2.5% and 15%.
• the Applicant has found that the penetration of the base according to the invention through the cuticle was further improved by using as surfactant a mixture comprising sucrose stearate and sucrose palmitate.
• the surfactant is a mixture comprising:
• the surfactant advantageously 70%, of sucrose stearate, the monoester content of which is between 20% and 80% by mass of the sucrose stearate, advantageously 70%, the remainder being a mixture of di-, tri- and / or polyesters;
• the base according to the invention further comprises at least one component chosen from the group comprising:
• At least one fluidifying agent chosen from the group comprising a polyethylene glycol with a weight average molecular weight of between 200 and 8000 Da, advantageously between 200 and 1000 Da, preferably 400 Da; the fluidizing agent advantageously represents between 1% and 15% by weight of the base, advantageously between 2% and 8%; and or
• phytosterol (or fatty substance) solubilizing agent chosen from the group comprising oleic alcohol; oleic acid; linoleic acid and a vegetable oil, advantageously soybean oil, sea buckthorn oil, corn oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil; the solubilizing agent advantageously represents between 2 and 30% by weight of the base, advantageously between 4 and 15%; and or
• wetting agent chosen from the group comprising a mixture of methyl esters advantageously comprising methyltetradecanoate, methyloctadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate, the wetting agent advantageously represents between 0.1% and 5% by weight of the base; and or
• chelating agent chosen from the group comprising natural chelating agents, advantageously sodium phytate or chelating agents based on amino acids; and synthetic chelating agents, advantageously 2,2'-bipyridine, dimercaptopropanol, ethylene glycol-bis- (2-aminoethyl) -N, N, N ', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), nitrilotriacetic acid, iminodiacetic acid, salicylic acid or also triethanolamine, preferably EDTA;
• the chelating agent advantageously represents between 0.01% to 5% by mass of the base; and / or - at least one preservative, advantageously benzyl alcohol; the preservative advantageously represents between 0.1% and 5% by weight of the base.
• the base according to the invention comprises, advantageously consists of:
• At least one surfactant advantageously a mixture comprising sucrose stearate and sucrose palmitate;
• b-sitosterol represents at least 30% by mass of the mixture, the remainder comprising a mixture of campesterol, of stigmasterol and brassicasterol;
• a thinning agent advantageously polyethylene glycol with a number-average molecular mass (Mn) of between 200 and 8000 Da, advantageously between 250 and 1000 Da, preferably 400 Da; or a vegetable oil as mentioned above
• a wetting agent advantageously a mixture of methyl esters preferably comprising methyltetradecanoate, methyloctadecanoate and methylhexadecanoate;
• a natural or synthetic chelating agent advantageously as described above, preferably EDTA;
• the base according to the invention is applied in diluted form.
• the emulsion is diluted to form a slurry corresponding to the composition described above applicable to a cultivated plant, in particular applicable in fields.
• the viscosity of the slurry according to the invention is less than or equal to 200 cP, advantageously strictly greater than 1 cP and less than or equal to 100 cP.
• the viscosity is measured using a Brookfield viscometer, HAAKE viscotester D and the measurement is carried out at room temperature with the L1 needle at 100 rpm.
• the pH of the slurry according to the invention is between 5 and 8; advantageously between 6 and 7.
• the invention relates to a method of manufacturing the base described above comprising the following steps of:
• an oil phase consisting in mixing the phytosterols comprising b-sitosterol with at least one surfactant, the phytosté rols / surfactant mass ratio being between 0.01 and 5, advantageously between 0.1 and 2.5;
• the preservative is as described above.
• the preparation of the oil phase contains a preliminary step of mixing the phytosterols with at least one fluidifying agent and / or at least one solubilizing agent for phytosterols and / or at least one wetting agent, as described above, at a temperature that Those skilled in the art will know how to adapt according to the components so that the mixture of phytosterols and surfactants is liquid and that the process makes it possible to manufacture an emulsion.
• the aqueous phase is heated to a temperature that a person skilled in the art will know how to adapt according to the components included in the aqueous phase.
• the base, the slurry comprising the base and the method for manufacturing the base according to the invention have the advantages of corresponding in all respects to the demands of the company in terms of plant protection products:
• Figure 1 shows the raw data of the evolution of the water resistance (RH) of the soil over 24 hours of a soybean crop treated with the mixture according to the invention (base diluted to 3% by mass in water ) against a control soybean crop and the wilting point.
• FIG. 2 represents the average values of the water resistance (RH) of the soil, measured over 24 sliding hours of a soybean crop treated with the mixture according to the invention (base diluted to 3% by mass in water) by compared to a control soybean crop.
• RH water resistance
• FIG. 3 represents the effect of the use of the slurry according to the invention in pre-germination treatment on the germination of sorghum seeds: percentage of germinated seeds treated (control with water, or in a slurry comprising the base according to the invention diluted to 3% by mass) as a function of time (days).
• FIG. 4 represents the effect of the use of the slurry according to the invention in pre-germination treatment on the growth of the radicle of sorghum seeds: average size of the radicle (control with water, or in a slurry comprising the base according to the invention diluted to 3% by mass) as a function of time (days).
• FIG. 5 represents the quantification of the intensity and the frequency of infection by mildew of young vine leaves whether or not treated with the mixture according to the invention.
• FIG. 6 represents the quantification of the intensity and the frequency of infection by mildew of old vine leaves whether or not treated with the mixture according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 quantification of the intensity and frequency of infection by downy mildew of grape clusters whether or not treated with the spray according to the invention.
• the base according to the invention is manufactured according to the following process steps:
• a dilute solution of the base is prepared by diluting the base according to the invention in water at a concentration of 3% by density.
• the objective of this test is to show that the application of the porridge according to the invention on soybeans results in a slowing down of the consumption of water from the soil by the plant.
• the method consists in showing that the water reserve of the soil decreases more slowly in the treated modality than in the control modality.
• the test presented is carried out under the particular pedoclimatic conditions of the experimental plots including a water supply by irrigation, and of the year 2019.
• the application of the mixture according to the invention is made by foliar spraying, at a mixture volume of 80 L / ha, under the following climatic conditions: temperature of 21 ° C., humidity of 75%, absence of wind.
• the soil water reserve is monitored using two 60 cm capacitive probes, placed in each of the modalities.
• the yield is measured by load cells placed in the hopper of the combine harvester.
• FIG. 1 represents the raw RH variation data recorded by the probe and FIG. 2 represents the average RH values measured over 24 hours sliding.
• Table 4 The results of the statistical analysis are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4
• this test on corn demonstrates the effectiveness of the porridge according to the invention for reducing the rate of consumption of RH from the soil by the plant.
• the objective of this test is to determine the optimum stage of application of the mixture according to the invention on the soybean crop.
• the effect of the porridge according to the invention seems optimal when it is applied to soybeans at the BBCH 21 stage.
• the effects observed are a stimulation of the development of the foliar system, a better resistance to water stress, and a gain in yield. .
• the protocol consists of priming (or priming) the sorghum seeds in a slurry containing the base according to the invention, before culturing in a petri dish for the germination base.
• the base according to the invention is replaced by water in the priming solution.
• the culture parameters are shown in Table 11. Table 11
• the seeds are cultivated for 7 days. Every 24 hours from sowing (OJ), the following parameters are observed: - Percentage of germinated seeds;
• the development of the disease is assessed using two complementary indicators:
• the intensity of the disease (in%) average of the intensity of the disease on all the leaves.
• the intensity on a leaf corresponds to the area of the leaf covered on the disease (%)
• the evaluation is carried out on young leaf, old leaf and bunch. For each organ, the sample is 200 individuals per modality (50 per microplot).
• the intensity of the disease is significantly lower on the vines having benefited from the solution according to the invention, compared to the same organs in the control method.
• the intensity of the disease can be reduced from 30% to 50% by applying the porridge according to the invention to the vine.
• the preventive treatment method according to the invention makes it possible to induce an improvement in the vigor of the plant in order to enable it to fight effectively against abiotic and / or biotic stress.
• the mixture according to the invention must be applied at the inter-row coverage stage by the leaves of the plant (cultivation with row sowing).
• the time of application of the mixture according to the invention depends on the species of cultivated plant, its vegetative growth, the date of sowing and the distance of the inter-row or part. herbaceous between 2 rows of seedlings.

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