Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
  • H01J61/72—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr having a main light-emitting filling of easily vaporisable metal vapour, e.g. mercury
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/045—Thermic screens or reflectors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
  • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
  • H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/24—Means for obtaining or maintaining the desired pressure within the vessel
  • H01J61/28—Means for producing, introducing, or replenishing gas or vapour during operation of the lamp
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/52—Cooling arrangements; Heating arrangements; Means for circulating gas or vapour within the discharge space
  • H01J61/523—Heating or cooling particular parts of the lamp

Definitions

• the invention relates to a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp.
• Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps are used, for example, in systems for disinfecting drinking water or for treating industrial water.
• Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps can also be used for water disinfection in fish farming.
• Other areas of application include surface disinfection or disinfection of air in air conditioning and cooling systems.
• Mercury vapor discharge lamps achieve very high UV power densities and can be used at different ambient temperatures.
• mercury In a low pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp, mercury is used to generate ultraviolet (UV) light.
• UV ultraviolet
• Mercury vapor discharge lamps their service life and operating efficiency are significantly influenced by the vapor pressure of the mercury.
• the mercury vapor pressure is strongly dependent on the temperature of the mercury in the lamp.
• an amalgam is used in many cases.
• metallic mercury alloys and mercury salts, such as mercury iodide can be referred to as amalgams.
• the optimum mercury vapor pressure required to operate a low-pressure mercury vapor lamp efficiently is temperature-dependent. The temperature at which the optimum vapor pressure is established depends on the material. For a specific amalgam or a specific mixture of different amalgams, the material-specific ideal temperature for the operation of a mercury low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp can be determined simply, for example experimentally.
• the material-dependent ideal temperature of any commercially available low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp can be viewed as predetermined with regard to the design of a system.
• the structural design and / or regulation of the lamp system can be designed by a person skilled in the art on the basis of the previously known ideal temperature of the amalgam.
• a method for operating an amalgam lamp is known from DE 102008 032608 A1, by means of which the courtyard running time is reduced.
• the run-up time denotes the time required to reach a desired operating temperature when activating a cold amalgam lamp or low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp, which can correspond to the ideal temperature.
• the lamp disclosed in DE 102008032608 A1 is equipped with an amalgam depot on the inside of the lamp tube, which is heated by an infrared heater.
• An adhesion promoter layer made of a noble metal can be applied between the quartz lamp tube and the amalgam depot.
• the amalgam deposit Before the lamp is ignited, the amalgam deposit is heated with the infrared lamp, releasing mercury vapor, which is already available for the discharge during ignition, so that a high UV power density is already available when the lamp is switched on.
• the temperature of the amalgam depot is high during operation of the lamp and can significantly exceed a desired operating temperature, especially at high ambient temperatures or long operation, so that the efficiency of the lamp drops.
• EP 3267466 B1 a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp is provided in which an amalgam depot is to be arranged in the vicinity of an electrode, but outside the discharge path between the electrodes of the lamp, in order to use the heat output of the electrode to control the temperature of the amalgam depot during lamp operation.
• EP 3267466 B1 proposes that the lamp envelope tube between the electrode filament and the amalgam depot be provided with a constriction in order to provide the amalgam depot with a constriction from the direct emitted by the filament Shielding thermal radiation.
• the disadvantage of this embodiment is the close relationship between the temperature and heat radiation of the electrode coil and the temperature of the amalgam deposit.
• EP 3298620 B1 proposes a device for controlled temperature control of a gas discharge lamp which has an amalgam reservoir with an amalgam depot.
• the amalgam reservoir should be formed by a small glass tube that is closed on one side and that is formed at one axial end of the lamp.
• the device should comprise a sleeve made of a thermally conductive material, which can be pushed onto the amalgam reservoir.
• the amalgam reservoir can be formed by a pocket which is formed at one axial end of the gas discharge lamp or by a partial surface of an inner wall of the glass bulb surrounding the mercury vapor.
• an electrical heating element for heating the amalgam reservoir should be arranged near the amalgam reservoir.
• the heating element should be formed by a transformer core which is part of a transformer whose secondary winding is connected to temperature control electronics.
• a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp which comprises a discharge vessel that encloses a discharge space provided with a filling of mercury and a filling gas, in particular a noble gas, in a gastight manner, the discharge vessel having a first end section and a having second end portion. The first end section can be arranged opposite the second end section.
• the discharge vessel can be a generally elongated, tubular body.
• the discharge vessel can be formed from a material that is at least partially translucent for ultraviolet light, such as a glass, for example a borosilicate glass or a quartz glass.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp further comprises a first electrode arranged on the first end portion and a second electrode arranged on the second end portion for maintaining a discharge along a discharge path between the first electrode and the second electrode.
• the first electrode can be an anode and the second electrode can be a cathode.
• the first electrode can be a cathode and the second electrode can be Be anode.
• Low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps can in particular have a cylindrical emitter tube made of quartz glass, which forms a discharge vessel.
• the discharge vessel or radiator tube can be closed gas-tight at both ends by means of pinches. Electrodes with contact wires for the power supply are passed through the end sections, which are sealed in a gas-tight manner.
• the mercury in the discharge vessel can in particular be introduced as an amalgam.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp with amalgam depot has an emission spectrum with characteristic lines at 185 nm (UV-A radiation) and / or 254 nm (UV-C).
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp comprises an amalgam depot for regulating the mercury vapor pressure, which is arranged in the discharge space at the first end section outside the discharge path, the position of the amalgam depot being determined by means of an adhesion promoter.
• the amalgam depot can contain a metallic mercury alloy or a mercury salt, such as mercury iodide or mercury bromide, or a combination thereof.
• the amalgam can preferably contain mercury and at least one of the following elements: Li; Be; N / A; Mg; AI; K;
• the amalgam can preferably comprise mercury and at least one noble metal or consist of mercury and one or more noble metals; in particular Au, Pd, and / or Pt.
• the discharge path comprises the complete volume element of the interior of the discharge vessel between the first electrode and the second electrode, but not the axial end regions of the discharge vessel beyond the electrodes.
• the adhesion promoter can have at least one of the following elements or their alloys, in particular the adhesion promoter can consist of one or more of the following elements: Li; Be; N / A; Mg; AI; K; Ca; Sc; Ti; Ni; Cu; Zn; Ga; As; Rr; Sr; Y; Zr; Pd; Ag; CD; In; Sn; Se; Cs; Ba; Hf; Pt; Au; TI; Pb; and / or Ra.
• An adhesion promoter can preferably comprise or consist of nickel, palladium, silver, platinum and / or gold.
• a metal material which can be processed, in particular melted and / or deformed, in atmospheric ambient air can be used as the adhesion promoter.
• the adhesion promoter layer can be free of lithium and / or free of sodium, which could attack the quartz glass of the glass vessel.
• the adhesion promoter is free of organic materials.
• the first electrode can preferably be arranged at a predetermined distance from the adhesion promoter, the predetermined distance being dimensioned such that the temperature of the amalgam deposit is independent of a predetermined discharge current, in particular a nominal discharge current, of the first electrode.
• the control electronics can be set up to set the temperature of the amalgam deposit in such a way that the mercury vapor pressure in the discharge area is in an optimal pressure range.
• the light output of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp corresponds to at least 90% of the highest possible light output.
• the highest possible light output of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp is predetermined as a function of the specific amalgam and the geometry of the discharge vessel of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp. The highest possible light output is achieved when the amalgam deposit is kept at its ideal temperature.
• the control electronics can be set up to control the temperature of the amalgam deposit in such a way that the temperature of the amalgam deposit is in an optimal temperature range.
• the optimal temperature range can correspond to the optimal pressure range.
• the optimal temperature range can, for example, deviate from the ideal temperature by no more than ⁇ 10 ° C, preferably no more than ⁇ 5 ° C; particularly preferably not allow more than ⁇ 2 ° C.
• the product of the mercury vapor pressure p Hg in the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp and the inner diameter D of the discharge vessel is at least 0.13 and at most 5 Pa * cm, preferably at least 1 and at most 4.5 Pa * cm, particularly preferably at least 1 , 3 and at most 4 Pa * cm.
• Mercury vapor discharge lamp is described, for example, in “Discharge Lamps, Chr. Meyer and H. Nienhuis, Kluwer, 1988, 70-72, ISBN 90201 21472”.
• the first electrode comprises at least one contact wire which extends from the first electrode in the discharge space to outside the discharge vessel.
• the first electrode can have exactly one or exactly two contact wires which extend from the electrode in the discharge space to outside the discharge vessel.
• the electrode can be formed with a helical incandescent body which extends from a first contact wire to a second in the discharge space Contact wire extends.
• the first electrode can be supplied with the discharge current for the discharge through the first contact wire and / or the second contact wire.
• the contact wire has, at least in sections, in particular continuously, a dielectric sheathing within the discharge space.
• the dielectric sheathing can be formed from an inorganic material, in particular from a ceramic material, a glass material or a combination thereof.
• the dielectric sheathing can consist of a glass such as borosilicate glass or quartz glass.
• the adhesion promoter is preferably arranged on the casing. It can be preferred that the at least one contact wire, in particular the precisely two contact wires, are held and / or supported by the sheathing. It can be preferred that the adhesion promoter and the amalgam deposit are carried and / or held by the casing.
• the amalgam depot and the adhesion promoter are held on the sheath without contact relative to the at least one contact wire, so that the adhesion promoter and amalgam depot are neither directly nor indirectly supported by at least one contact wire, but the structural support of the amalgam depot and the adhesion promoter takes place exclusively by means of the sheath.
• the dielectric sheathing of at least one contact wire can be arranged outside the discharge path between the electrodes in the first end section of the discharge vessel.
• the casing is preferably located completely outside the discharge path in the first end section of the discharge space of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp.
• the at least one contact wire can comprise a contact area in which the contact wire is in touch contact with the first electrode, preferably outside the casing.
• the touch contact of the contact wire and the first electrode can be implemented, for example, as a soldered connection, screw connection, plug connection, welded connection or the like.
• Contact wire and electrode can be connected to one another to transmit the discharge current for the discharge. It can be preferred that the contact wire be formed from or consist of a first electrically conductive material, such as molybdenum or a molybdenum alloy.
• the electrode can be formed from or consist of a second electrically conductive material such as tungsten or a tungsten alloy.
• the dielectric sheathing can continuously encase the at least one contact wire in the first end section.
• a Transition area can be provided in which the contact wire extends without sheathing within the discharge vessel.
• the dielectric sheathing of the at least one contact wire can extend continuously from the axial first end section of the discharge vessel to the electrode, to the contact area or to a transition area between the electrode or the contact area.
• the adhesion promoter and / or the amalgam deposit is arranged exclusively on the band-shaped sheathing.
• the casing encloses the contact wire in a sealing manner.
• the sheathing can be formed by pressing the dialectical material onto the contact wire. It can be preferred that the sheathing encloses the contact wire in such a sealing manner that no ambient air can penetrate into the discharge space along the contact wire and / or that no mercury fluid, no mercury vapor, and / or no filler gas can enter the environment outside the low-pressure Mercury vapor discharge lamp can escape.
• the ambient conditions can generally be assumed to be standard conditions, i.e. an atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa and a bypass temperature of 25 ° C.
• the contact wire can preferably be formed with at least one sealing plate within the sheathing, the sealing plate forming the contact wire in sections, in particular in the axial direction.
• the sealing plate can have an elliptical, diamond-shaped (with rounded corners) or similar flattened cross-section, which preferably has a smallest transverse width in a transverse direction that corresponds to the constant transverse width of the contact wire in the axial direction before and / or after the sealing plate.
• the sealing inclusion of the contact wire by means of the sheathing can take place in particular in the area of the sealing plate.
• the casing is formed from the same material as the discharge vessel.
• the casing can preferably consist of the same material as the discharge vessel.
• the casing and the discharge vessel can be formed from or consist of a glass material, in particular quartz glass.
• the casing extends into the discharge space in the form of a band.
• the casing can extend continuously into the discharge space in the form of a band.
• the band-shaped sheathing has a width that is smaller than an inner diameter of the discharge vessel, the width in particular measuring more than 50%, preferably more than 75% and / or less than 95%, preferably less than 90% of the inner diameter.
• the width can preferably be approximately 85% of the inner diameter.
• the band-shaped sheathing has a thickness that is less than half the inner diameter of the discharge vessel, the thickness measuring more than 10%, preferably more than 20%, and / or less than 40%, preferably less than 30% of the inner diameter .
• the thickness can preferably be approximately 20% of the inner diameter.
• the band-shaped casing has a height which can essentially correspond to the diameter of the discharge vessel. The height measures in particular more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, and / or less than 150%, preferably less than 125% of the inside diameter. Preferably, the height can be about 75% or about 100% of the inner diameter.
• the band-shaped sheathing can have an essentially rectangular cross section.
• the sheathing can have unevenness, for example undulating unevenness, in particular on the lateral side surfaces.
• the casing is preferably free of cutouts on its lateral side surfaces.
• the adhesion promoter is arranged on a lateral surface of the casing.
• an end face of the casing facing the first electrode can be free of an adhesion promoter.
• the end face of the sheath facing the first electrode can be free of the amalgam depot.
• the end face of the sheathing facing the first electrode can have a laterally enlarged cross section relative to the cross section of the band-shaped sheathing along the axial height of the band-shaped sheathing and / or can be provided with a heat shield.
• thermal radiation from the incandescent body of the first electrode is kept away from the amalgam deposit on the lateral surface of the casing, so that the axial distance between the electrode and the amalgam deposit can be relatively small.
• the casing is fastened, in particular welded, in the first end section of the discharge vessel.
• the band-shaped sheathing can be formed in one piece with the first end section and / or a preferably plate-shaped connecting section of the discharge vessel. It is conceivable that the band-shaped sheathing is materially connected to the first end section of the discharge vessel.
• the band-shaped sheathing can be connected to the first end section by welding, in particular friction welding.
• the first end section of the discharge vessel can have a foot section with a smaller inner and / or outer diameter, such as the inner and / or outer diameter of the discharge vessel, in particular in a cylinder tube section along the discharge path.
• the wall thickness of the discharge vessel can be the same in the first end section and along the discharge vessel.
• the first end section of the discharge vessel can be formed on the outside in the axial direction without being pinched.
• the band-shaped sheathing can be formed as a pinch seal inside the discharge vessel at the first end section.
• At least one heat shield is arranged between the first electrode and the first end section, the adhesion promoter and optionally the amalgam depot being arranged relative to the heat shield opposite the first electrode. It can be preferred that the heat shield is arranged in such a way that the temperature of the amalgam deposit is independent of the discharge current of the first electrode, in particular the temperature of an incandescent body of the first electrode.
• the heat shield can be formed, for example, from an inorganic material such as a ceramic material, a glass material, in particular quartz glass.
• the heat shield preferably has a thickness of at least 1 mm, in particular at least 5 mm and / or not more than 10 mm, in particular 2 mm or less.
• the material of the heat shield can preferably be an infrared light at least partially reflective material.
• the material of the heat shield can be designed to reflect infrared radiation with a wavelength spectrum of 780 nm or more, in particular 780 nm to 3000 nm, to an extent of at least 50%, at least 75% or at least 90%.
• the heat shield can be formed at least partially from an amorphous, opaque quartz glass. It is conceivable that the heat shield is partially formed from a metal material, for example aluminum or gold. In particular, with the exception of at least one section which directly adjoins at least one contact wire, the heat shield can be formed with a metal material, in particular coated with it or consist of it. According to one embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp, the heat shield can be formed at least partially by the band-shaped casing. Such a heat shield formed by the casing can be provided as an alternative or in addition to a disk-shaped heat shield.
• the electrode can have at least one contact wire for supplying the first electrode with a discharge current, the at least one contact wire carrying a disk-shaped heat shield.
• the heat shield can be provided with a coating that reflects infrared light.
• a coating can comprise a metal, an alloy, a heat-resistant polymer, for example PTFE, or a ceramic material, for example a silicate.
• suitable metals are aluminum or noble metals such as gold or silver.
• the infrared light-reflecting coating can be arranged on the side of the heat shield facing the incandescent body of the first electrode and / or on the side of the heat shield facing away from the incandescent body of the first electrode.
• the infrared light reflecting coating can be designed to reflect infrared radiation with a wavelength spectrum of 780 nm or more, in particular 780 nm to 3000 nm, to at least 50%, at least 75% or at least 90%.
• the heat shield comprises quartz glass and a coating which reflects infrared light and which comprises a metal, an alloy or a ceramic material. If the coating that reflects infrared light is electrically conductive, it can be advantageous to arrange it in such a way that there is no electrical contact between the electrode and the heat-reflecting coating.
• an electrically insulating means can be arranged between the electrode and the heat-reflecting coating, and / or the infrared light-reflecting coating can comprise a recess in order to avoid an electrical short circuit with the electrode.
• the heat shield itself can also be formed from such an infrared light reflecting material.
• the heat shield can be shaped, at least in sections, in a shape complementary to an inside of the discharge vessel.
• the heat shield can have a plurality of discrete circumferential sections, for example two circumferential sections, three circumferential sections, four, five or more circumferential sections, at which the heat shield is in physical contact with an inside of the discharge vessel. These circumferential sections can be referred to as circumferential contact sections.
• Such a heat shield has radial recesses between adjacent circumferential contact sections, in which the heat shield is free of contact with respect to the inner circumference of the discharge vessel.
• a heat shield preferably comprises at least one, in particular two or more radial recesses, through which a gas exchange can take place in the discharge vessel between the area of the amalgam deposit and the discharge path. At least one passage opening through which mercury vapor can pass from the amalgam deposit to the discharge path can be formed between the heat shield and the discharge vessel.
• the heat shield can have at least one wedge-shaped radial recess for receiving, in particular plugging in, the at least one contact wire.
• a heat shield has at least one first wedge-shaped recess for receiving a first contact wire and a second wedge-shaped recess for receiving a second contact wire.
• the at least one contact wire can be equipped with a projection for carrying the heat shield.
• an in particular metallic bearing sleeve preferably made of nickel, can be provided on the contact wire.
• the heat shield is held in a stationary manner with at least one contact wire.
• the heat shield, the at least one contact wire can be held with at least one axial stop, such as a projection, and / or by a frictional connection, the connection between the heat shield and the at least one contact wire being at least partially oblique, wedge-shaped, helical or other odd Axial extension of the contact wire can be formed.
• the heat shield can be arranged in touch contact with one of the first electrodes, in particular an incandescent body of the first electrode.
• the first electrode can form a stop for holding the heat shield in place.
• the heat shield can be formed from a dielectric material.
• the heat shield can be formed from transparent quartz glass and / or amorphous quartz glass, preferably semiconductor-doped amorphous quartz glass.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp can furthermore comprise an infrared light-reflecting envelope which at least partially surrounds the amalgam depot.
• the infrared light reflecting envelope can be set up and arranged in order to thermally shield the amalgam depot from the surroundings. In this way, more uniform operation of the lamp and / or faster starting of the lamp can be achieved.
• the infrared light reflecting envelope can make the operation of the lamp independent of the overall temperature of the lamp and the temperature of the external environment.
• the casing reflecting infrared light can be, for example, a cylindrical metal foil or a cylindrical sleeve made of a material reflecting infrared light.
• the infrared light reflecting shell can be designed to reflect infrared radiation with a wavelength spectrum of 780 nm or more, in particular 780 nm to 3000 nm, to at least 50%, at least 75% or at least 90%.
• the infrared light reflecting envelope can be designed as an infrared light reflecting layer which is arranged on or on a wall of the discharge vessel, in particular an outer wall of the discharge vessel. As an alternative or in addition, such a layer can also be arranged on the inner wall of the discharge vessel.
• the envelope reflecting infrared light can at least partially surround the first end section of the discharge vessel, in particular that region of the first end section of the discharge vessel outside the discharge path.
• the envelope reflecting infrared light can comprise a layer applied to the outer wall of the discharge vessel. Such a layer can be produced, for example, by means of vapor deposition.
• the envelope reflecting infrared light can comprise a layer arranged on the outer wall of the discharge vessel. Such a layer can for example comprise a foil, in particular a metal foil. This layer can, for example, comprise a material which is described herein for the coating that reflects infrared light.
• the adhesion promoter can be arranged at least partially on an inside of the discharge vessel.
• the adhesion promoter be arranged exclusively on an inside of the discharge vessel.
• the adhesion promoter extends at least partially over the circumference, in particular over the entire circumference or only in sections, on the inside of the discharge vessel.
• the amalgam depot is equipped with an electromagnetic receiver for converting electromagnetic input signals into heat.
• the electromagnetic receiver can be ring-shaped, in particular coil-shaped, or lattice-shaped.
• the electromagnetic receiver comprises the adhesion promoter and / or the amalgam depot or is formed therefrom.
• the recipient can be formed separately from the amalgam depot and / or separately from the adhesion promoter.
• the invention can also be a lamp system with a low pressure
• the electromagnetic transmitter and the electromagnetic receiver can be coordinated with one another in such a way that the transmitter transmits a heating current to the receiver to control the temperature of the amalgam deposit, in particular inductively and / or capacitively.
• the lamp system can have at least one temperature sensor.
• the temperature sensor can in particular comprise a lamp temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the lamp, in particular of the discharge vessel, the amalgam deposit, the filling gas and / or the mercury vapor.
• the lamp system can comprise a temperature sensor which is implemented as an ambient temperature sensor for detecting an ambient temperature of a medium, such as water or ambient air, close to the discharge vessel or in physical contact with the discharge vessel. It is clear that the medium is located outside the discharge space which is enclosed in a gas-tight manner by the discharge vessel.
• the lamp system comprises control electronics for setting the temperature of the amalgam deposit, in particular taking into account a temperature detected by the at least one temperature sensor.
• the lamp system can furthermore comprise a lamp socket with connection contacts or contact receptacles for the at least one contact wire of the first electrode for providing the discharge current.
• the lamp socket can contain the electromagnetic transmitter, the control electronics and / or comprise the at least one temperature sensor.
• the lamp socket can have a housing through which the connection contacts extend, or which has contact receptacles for the at least one contact wire, the electromagnetic transmitter, the control electronics and / or the at least one temperature sensor being arranged within the housing.
• FIG. 1 shows a lamp system according to the invention with a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention in accordance with a first embodiment
• FIG. 2 shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in accordance with a second embodiment
• FIG. 3a shows a detailed view of the low-pressure mercury vapor lamp according to FIG. 2;
• FIG. 3b shows a side view of the detail according to FIG. 3a
• FIG. 3c perspective view of the detail according to FIG. 3a
• FIG. 4 shows a first end section of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to a third embodiment
• FIG. 5 shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in accordance with a fourth embodiment
• FIG. 6 shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in accordance with a fifth embodiment
• FIG. 7 shows the area of the discharge path of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention.
• FIG. 8 shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in accordance with a sixth embodiment
• FIG. 9 shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in accordance with a seventh embodiment.
• FIG. 10 shows a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp in accordance with an eighth embodiment.
• Figure 1 shows a stylized lamp system 100 with a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 according to the invention.
• the discharge space 8 contains a filling gas and mercury vapor.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 further comprises a first electrode 11 arranged on the first end section 61 and a second electrode 12 arranged on the second end section 62 for maintaining a discharge along a discharge path 13. Outside the discharge path 13 between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12 an amalgam depot 18 for regulating the mercury vapor pressure is arranged in the discharge space 8 by means of an adhesion promoter 17.
• the position of the amalgam deposit 18 is determined by the position, shape and size of the adhesion promoter 17.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic section through the lamp system 100 with the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 provided therein through a plane which extends in the axial direction A and the first lateral direction (longitudinal direction) or radial direction X of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 can have an essentially axial extension, with the discharge vessel 6 having a circular cross-section and / or being designed in the shape of a cylindrical tube, particularly in the area which surrounds the discharge path 13 in the radial direction X, Y.
• the first end section 61 and the second end section 62 of the discharge vessel 6 seal off the discharge vessel 6, which is cylindrical in shape in the area of the discharge path 13, in the axial direction A.
• the end sections 61, 62 in particular at their axial ends, necessarily have a shape that deviates from the cylindrical tube shape.
• the second end section 62 is produced by a stamping or squeezing process, for which purpose a cylinder tube, for example made of quartz glass and forming the discharge vessel 6, is heated and in a softened state, in particular in a second radial direction (transverse direction ) Y is reshaped to seal the discharge vessel 6.
• a stamping or squeezing process for which purpose a cylinder tube, for example made of quartz glass and forming the discharge vessel 6, is heated and in a softened state, in particular in a second radial direction (transverse direction ) Y is reshaped to seal the discharge vessel 6.
• the end sections 61, 62 of the discharge vessel 6 can be arranged on diametrically opposite axial feet of the radiator, in particular in such a way that the discharge path 13 extends essentially in the axial direction A between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 12.
• Other lamp shapes for example omega-shaped, circular, spiral-shaped or the like, are conceivable.
• an amalgam depot 18 is arranged in the discharge space 8, which is located outside the discharge path 13 which extends between the electrodes 11, 12. Thanks to the arrangement of the amalgam deposit 18 outside the discharge path 13, the temperature 18 can be set independently of the temperature of the arc along the discharge path 13 between the electrodes 11, 12 during the operation of the lamp 1.
• a control and / or regulation can be provided. In the preferred embodiment shown in FIG. 1, control electronics 103 are provided for controlling the temperature of the amalgam 18, which will be discussed in detail below.
• an adhesion promoter 17 is provided on the first end section 61 outside the discharge path 13.
• a metal in particular an amalgam former, for example gold, can be applied as the adhesion promoter 17 in a preferably thin layer of less than 10 ⁇ m on an inner surface in the interior of the discharge vessel 6.
• the adhesion promoter 17 serves to define a position at which the amalgam 18 collects within the discharge vessel 6 at low temperatures below the melting point of the amalgam 18.
• the adhesion promoter 17 is selected such that a stable connection is established on the one hand with a material of the discharge vessel 6, such as a quartz glass, and on the other hand a connection with the amalgam depot within the discharge vessel.
• the adhesion promoter 17 can comprise or consist of a material which causes a minimum mercury vapor pressure in the discharge space 8 locally in the area of the adhesion promoter 17, so that mercury vapor in the discharge space 8 of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp is completely or at least predominantly on the Adhesion promoter 17 condensed and / or resublimed.
• the lamp system 100 can have a device for controlling the temperature of the amalgam deposit 18, which in the example shown in FIG 18 induced in.
• the lamp system 1 can comprise at least one temperature sensor 105, 106.
• the control electronics 103 can be set up to control the temperature control device, for example the inductive heater 109, in order to keep the amalgam temperature as constant as possible, in particular close to the predetermined ideal temperature of the amalgam 18.
• the control electronics 103 can be set up to control the temperature of the amalgam 18 with respect to its specific, predetermined ideal temperature in a range of ⁇ 10 ° C., in particular in a range of ⁇ 5 ° C., preferably in a range of ⁇ 2 ° C. or ⁇ 1 ° C.
• a temperature sensor can be provided, for example, as a lamp temperature sensor 106 for detecting a temperature on or in the lamp, in particular for detecting the temperature of the amalgam 18.
• the mercury vapor pressure of the amalgam is strongly dependent on the amalgam temperature.
• the use of a lamp temperature sensor 106 to detect the temperature of the amalgam 18 during the operation of the lamp system 100 allows the temperature of the amalgam 18 to be regulated using the temperature of the amalgam depot 18 detected by the lamp temperature sensor 106 as a manipulated variable.
• an ambient temperature 105 for detecting an ambient temperature of the lamp 1 for example a temperature of a medium m, such as industrial water, can be detected.
• the control electronics 103 can take into account an ambient temperature detected with the ambient temperature sensor 105 for controlling the temperature of the amalgam 18.
• the control electronics 103 can in particular be designed to take into account significant changes in the ambient temperature if the temperature detected by the ambient temperature sensor 105 is within a specified period of time or, in the case of a temporal one discrete measurement, within a predetermined number of measurements detected immediately after one another, exceeds a predetermined maximum threshold value or falls below a predetermined minimum threshold value. In the event of significant changes in the ambient temperature, the control electronics 103 can initiate a corresponding control of the temperature control device, for example the inductive heater 109, in order to keep the amalgam temperature as constant as possible, in particular close to the predetermined ideal temperature of the amalgam 18.
• the lamp system can comprise a first socket 101 which is provided with connection contacts or contact receptacles 121 for providing the discharge current to the contact wires 21 of the first electrode 11.
• the lamp system 100 can have a second socket 102 with contacts or contact receptacles 122 for the contact wires 22 of the second electrode 12 in order to provide the second electrode 12 with the discharge current.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 can have an electromagnetic receiver 7 for converting electromagnetic input signals into heat for heating the amalgam depot 17.
• the receiver 7 is formed from the adhesion promoter 17 and the amalgam depot 18 provided on the adhesion promoter 17.
• the receiver 7 can, for example, be ring-shaped.
• the electromagnetic transmitter 107 for inductively and / or capacitively transmitting the heating current to the electromagnetic receiver 7 is arranged outside the discharge vessel 6.
• the electromagnetic transmitter 107 can be configured to provide an electromagnetic field or signal for the receiver 7, in particular corresponding to a resonance frequency of the receiver 7.
• the transmitter 107 can be structurally matched to the receiver 7. It is conceivable that the transmitter 107 is tuned to the receiver 7 of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1, in particular its resonance frequency, by means of a calibration process carried out by a control device 103.
• the control electronics 103, the ambient temperature sensor 105, the lamp temperature sensor 106 and / or the temperature control device, in particular the electromagnetic transmitter 109 can be accommodated in the housing of the socket 101.
• an optional heat shield 4 is provided between the amalgam depot 18 and the first electrode 11, which shields the amalgam depot 18 from heat radiation from the first electrode 11.
• the distance s in the axial direction A between the incandescent body of the first electrode 11 and the amalgam depot 8 can be such that when the mercury discharge lamp 1 is operated with nominal power, the temperature of the amalgam depot 18 is independent of the temperature of the The incandescent body of the first electrode 11 is.
• FIG. 2 shows another embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 a according to the invention, which differs from the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp shown in FIG. 1 as essentially only by the heat shield 4.
• the use of the heat shield 4 allows a particularly compact design.
• the distance s a between the first electrode 11 and the amalgam depot 18 is greater than the previously described lamp 1 in the lamp 1a shown in FIG of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1a is independent of the temperature and the associated heat radiation of the incandescent body of the first electrode 11.
• FIG. 3a shows a detail of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 according to the section line III-III in FIG. 2.
• FIG. 3b shows a top view of the first end section 61 of the radiator 1a according to FIGS. 3a and 2.
• FIG Radiator according to Figures 3a and 3b.
• the contact wire 21 of the first electrode 11 is in the axial direction A at the first end section 61 a of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 a continuously and completely surrounded by a dielectric sheath 3 in sections.
• the dielectric casing 3 can be formed, for example, from a ceramic material or a glass material, preferably quartz glass. In particular, the casing 3 can be formed from the same material as the discharge vessel 6a.
• the adhesion promoter 17 with the amalgam depot 18 placed thereon is applied to a lateral surface of the casing 3.
• the fixing of the adhesion promoter 17 on the inner surface of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp can be achieved, for example, by melting the material of the adhesion promoter 17 by briefly heating it and / or burning it into the inner surface of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp.
• a fixation of the amalgam deposit 18 on the adhesion promoter 17 can be achieved in that the amalgam deposit is melted by briefly heating.
• the adhesion promoter 17 preferably has a significantly higher melting point than the amalgam depot 18.
• the melting point of the amalgam depot 18 can be below 200.degree. C., in particular below 100.degree.
• the melting point of the adhesion promoter 17 can be, for example, at least 400 ° C., in particular at least 600 ° C. or more.
• the sheathing 3 can extend continuously in the form of a band in the axial direction A along the contact wire 21.
• the first lateral direction X (longitudinal direction) and the second lateral direction Y (transverse direction) can be transverse, in particular perpendicular to one another and exist transversely, in particular perpendicular, on the axial direction A.
• the casing 3 can have an essentially rectangular cross-section.
• the casing 3 has a width b in the first lateral direction X which is smaller than the inside diameter D of the discharge vessel 6 in the area of the discharge path 13.
• the thickness d in the second lateral direction Y of the casing 3 is smaller than the inside diameter D of the discharge vessel 6a in Area of the discharge path 13.
• the thickness d of the casing 3 is smaller than the width b of the casing 3.
• the sheathing 3 can be formed in that dielectric material, in particular a glass material, preferably quartz glass, is squeezed or stamped or pressed onto the contact wire or wires 21 of the first electrode 11.
• the sheathing 3 can be squeezed or stamped onto the contact wires 21 of the first electrode 11 in accordance with the squeezing process described above.
• the casing 3 protrudes in the axial direction A, starting from the connecting section 64, into the discharge space 8 of the lamp 1.
• the end 60 of the lamp 1 forms its outermost point in the axial direction A, at which, for example, the cylindrical jacket tube 66 of the radiator is united with the connecting section 64, in particular without being crushed.
• the casing 3 of the contact wires 21 is arranged in the interior of the lamp 1, at a distance from its end 60 in the axial direction A, in order to avoid undesired conductive heat transfer from the amalgam depot 18 to the lamp socket (not shown). Undesired conductive heat transfer from the tempered Amalgam depot 18 through the end 60 of the lamp 1 to the lamp socket is also avoided in that the amalgam depot 60 is not provided in a recess at the end 60 of the lamp, but is held in the discharge space 8 by the adhesion promoter 17.
• the contact wire 21 of the electrode 11 can be formed in sections as a round and in sections as a flat flat section, whereby it may be preferred to initially form the contact wire 21 in sections as a flattened sealing plate 43 in the area of the casing 3 in order to achieve a strong sealing effect between the dielectric material of the casing 3 and the electrically conductive material of the contact wire 21 to effect.
• the contact wire 21 can in particular be formed from molybdenum.
• the width b of the casing 3 is slightly smaller than the inside diameter D.
• the width b of the casing 3 can be between 75% and 90% of the inside diameter D.
• the thickness d of the casing 3 can preferably be less than half the inner diameter D, preferably between 20% and 30% of the diameter D.
• the band-shaped sheathing 3 extends in the axial direction A continuously along a height h completely around the at least one contact wire 21 of the first electrode 11.
• the height h can be greater than the thickness d and / or smaller than the width b of the sheathing 3
• Height h can correspond to the inside diameter D of the discharge vessel or be smaller than the inside diameter D of the discharge vessel 6a.
• the height can correspond to at least 50% and / or at most 150% of the inside diameter D of the discharge vessel 6a.
• the height can preferably correspond to at least 66% and / or at most 100% of the inner diameter. According to one embodiment, the height h can correspond to approx. 75% of the inner diameter D.
• the adhesion promoter 17 and the amalgam depot 18 are arranged on at least one lateral surface (longitudinal side) 31 or (transverse side) 32 of the casing 3.
• the amalgam depot 18 is arranged on a lateral side surface 31 or 32 pointing out of the discharge vessel 6 in the first lateral direction X or the second lateral direction Y.
• the end face 33 of the sheathing 3 facing the electrode 11 is free from adhesion promoter 17 and free from amalgam 18.
• the adhesion promoter 17 is included the amalgam depot 18 is provided on a wide lateral surface 31 of the casing 3 extending in the first lateral direction X. It is conceivable that an adhesion promoter 17 with amalgam depot 18 is arranged exclusively on a single one of the lateral surfaces 31 and 32 of the casing 3. Alternatively, the adhesion promoter and, if appropriate, the amalgam 18 can be arranged on two or three, in particular on all lateral surfaces 31, 32 of the casing 3.
• the distance s a between the amalgam depot 18 and the incandescent body of the electrode 11 is dimensioned such that the temperature of the amalgam depot 18 is independent of the discharge current of the first electrode 11 at the nominal operating power of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1a.
• the casing 3 can be connected via a plate-shaped connecting section 64 to the cylindrical tubular casing 66 of the discharge vessel 6a in the first end section 61a of the lamp 18.
• the connecting section 64 can be designed to form the sealing closure of the discharge space 8 at the first end section 61a of the lamp 1a in the axial direction A.
• the connecting section 64 can be formed in one piece with the cladding tube 6a. The connection point between the connection section 64 and the jacket 66 forms the first end 60 of the radiator 1a.
• FIG. 4 shows a first end section 61 d of an alternative embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 d, which essentially corresponds to the previously described embodiment according to FIGS. 2 to 3 c.
• the discharge vessel 6d is formed in the area of the discharge path 13 between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode with a larger inner diameter D than on the axial foot section 67, which the casing 3 in the lateral direction X. ; Y surrounds.
• the discharge vessel 6d has in the first end section 61d a tapered foot section 67 with a reduced inner diameter D d , which is smaller than the inner diameter D of the discharge vessel 6d in the area of the cylinder tube section 66 which surrounds the first electrode 11 and the discharge path 13.
• the arrangement of the amalgam depot 18 in a tapered foot section 67 can be have a stabilizing effect on the mercury vapor pressure in the discharge space 8 in the area of the amalgam depot 18.
• a transition section 68 can be provided between the foot section 67 and the cylinder tube section 66, the inner diameter of the discharge vessel 6 preferably changing continuously along the transition section 68.
• the axial distance S d between the incandescent body of the electrode 11 and the amalgam depot 18 can be made smaller in the case of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1d than in the case of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp of the previously described embodiment 1a.
• the wall thickness w of the discharge vessel 6d can be of the same size in the cylinder tube section 66, the foot section 67 and / or the transition section 68. It can be preferred that, in the case of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp, the wall thickness w of the discharge vessel is constantly the same.
• the wall thickness w of the discharge vessel 6d (as well as 6 or 6a) in a connecting section 64 between the casing 3 and the electrode 11 can correspond to the wall thickness w of the cylinder tube section 66.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamps 1b and 1c shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 differ from the previously described low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 essentially only in the shape of the first axial end of the discharge vessel and the arrangement of the adhesion promoter 17b, 17c with amalgam depot 18 it should be clear that a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention can have several amalgam deposits 18 on corresponding adhesion promoter locations at several positions outside the discharge path 13.
• the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1 could have, in addition to the amalgam depot 18 shown in FIG. 1, at least one further amalgam depot corresponding to the arrangement according to FIG. 5 and / or FIG.
• FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1b according to the invention, in which the amalgam depot 18 with a Adhesion promoter 17b is arranged on the inside 63 of the discharge vessel 6b.
• a heat shield 4b can be arranged between the first electrode 11 and the amalgam depot 18.
• the axial distance S b between the amalgam deposit 18 and the incandescent body of the first electrode 11 is dimensioned such that the temperature of the amalgam deposit 18 is independent of the discharge current of the first electrode 11.
• the amalgam depot 18 is arranged with the adhesion promoter 17b on the radial inner side 63 of the discharge vessel 6b facing away from the discharge region 13.
• the first end section 61b of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1b can be formed, corresponding to the second end section 62, by pressing the cylinder tube of the discharge vessel 6b onto the respective contact wires 21, 22 of the electrodes 11 and 12 lying opposite one another.
• the first end 60 of the low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1b (or 1c) can thus be formed as a pressed end 60 on the first end section 61b (or 61c) of the discharge vessel 6b (or 6c), which extends completely outside the discharge space 60.
• FIG. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp 1c according to the invention.
• the distance s c between the amalgam depot 18 and the incandescent body of the electrode 11 is very small. Nevertheless, the temperature of the amalgam deposit 18 is independent of the discharge current of the first electrode 11.
• a heat shield 4c is arranged between the electrode 11 and the amalgam deposit 18.
• the amalgam depot 18 is arranged on the rear side of the heat shield 4c facing away from the electrode 11 and thus the discharge vessel 6c or its discharge region 13.
• the heat shield 4c (or 4 or 4b) is preferably formed from a material that reflects infrared radiation to at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, preferably at least 99.9%.
• the heat shield 4c can be formed from a ceramic material or a quartz glass, in particular an amorphous quartz glass, such as a semiconductor-doped amorphous quartz glass. It is conceivable that the heat shield 4c has a surface facing the electrode 11 which is coated with a highly reflective material (based on the infrared spectrum).
• the adhesion promoter 17c and the amalgam 18 are attached to the rear side of the heat shield 4c facing away from the electrode 11.
• Axial stops 21 are fastened to the contact wires 21 in order to fix the heat shield 4c at least in the axial direction A.
• the heat shield 4c has two circumferential contact sections 41 which are in touch contact with the inside 63 of the discharge vessel 6c.
• the circumferential contact sections 41 form an almost circular reflector surface.
• the heat shield 4c has two radial recesses 43 in which the contact wires 21 are guided and which each provide a gas-permeable opening between the discharge path 13 and the end section 61c, so that mercury vapor is exchanged between the discharge path 13 and the amalgam depot 18 can.
• the discharge vessel 6c can be formed in a manner similar to the discharge vessel 6b described above with reference to FIG. 5, with end sections 61c or 61b and 62 that are identical to one another.
• FIG. 7 shows that the discharge path 13, as defined herein, basically comprises the complete volume element of the interior of the discharge vessel 6, 6a, 6d in the area between and including the incandescent body of the first electrode 11 and the incandescent body of the second electrode 12, but not the axial End regions of the discharge vessel 6, 6a, 6d beyond the electrodes 11, 12.
• the position of the amalgam deposit 18 is outside this discharge path 13, which is represented by dots.
• FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention, in which a disk-shaped heat shield 4 is arranged between the incandescent body of the first electrode 21 and the amalgam 18.
• the amalgam 18 is held on the inside of the discharge vessel by an adhesion promoter 17.
• the heat shield 4 has recesses 43.
• the disk-shaped heat shield 4 has two radial recesses 43 in the circumferential direction. The heat shield 4 is set up to thermally shield the amalgam deposit 18 from the incandescent body of the first electrode 21.
• FIG. 9 shows a further embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention, in which a disk-shaped heat shield 4 is also arranged between the incandescent body of the first electrode 21 and the amalgam 18.
• a sheath 80 made of a material reflecting infrared light is arranged on the inside of the discharge vessel so that it surrounds the amalgam depot 18 from several sides in a shell-like manner in order to thermally shield the amalgam depot 18 from the incandescent body of the first electrode 21.
• the heat shield 4 has a coating 70 made of a material that reflects infrared light, in this example aluminum. the In this example, the coating 70 is arranged on the side of the heat shield 4 facing the incandescent body of the first electrode 21. Alternatively, however, it is also possible to apply the coating 70 on the opposite side or on both sides of the heat shield 4.
• a disk-shaped heat shield 4 with a coating 70 reflecting infrared light can be provided as an alternative or in addition to the shell 80.
• FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment of a low-pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp according to the invention, in which a layer 90 of a material reflecting infrared light is arranged on the outside of the discharge vessel in order to thermally shield the amalgam depot 18.
• a layer 90 can for example comprise aluminum or a noble metal such as gold or silver.
• Lamp temperature sensor 107 Transmitter 121, 122 Establishing contact b Width d Thickness h Height m Ambient medium

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• 2020
  • 2020-03-17 DE DE102020203417.6A patent/DE102020203417A1/de not_active Ceased
• 2021
  • 2021-03-03 WO PCT/EP2021/055330 patent/WO2021185582A1/de unknown
  • 2021-03-03 CN CN202180015060.9A patent/CN115152003A/zh active Pending
  • 2021-03-03 US US17/906,136 patent/US20230115738A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2021-03-03 EP EP21709960.5A patent/EP4122000A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2021-03-03 JP JP2022549686A patent/JP2023515040A/ja not_active Withdrawn

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