EP4119847A1 - Combustion device comprising a control device - Google Patents

Abstract

Control of a combustion device. Device (18) for controlling and/or regulating a combustion device (1) with a combustion chamber (2), with at least one actuator (4), which acts on an air supply to the combustion chamber (2), with at least one combustion sensor (9), which is arranged in such a way that when the combustion device (1) is in operation it is in the region of a flame in the combustion chamber (2), the control and/or regulating device (18) comprising a memory with at least one list of reference points, each reference point having an air supply value is assigned to the combustion device (1), with each interpolation point being assigned a drift test value and an index for determining the test result, the open-loop and/or closed-loop control device (18) being designed: based on the at least one actuator (4), a specified air supply to the to effect combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1); after effecting the predetermined air supply, as a function of the predetermined air supply and based on the first air supply values, select a node from the at least one list of nodes.

Description

The present disclosure relates to control curves used in connection with combustion sensors in combustion devices, such as gas burners. Combustion sensors in combustion devices are, for example, ionization electrodes. In particular, the present disclosure relates to the correction of such control curves taking into account the aging and/or drift of a sensor signal.

In combustion devices, the air ratio λ can be determined during combustion using a combustion sensor. In particular, the air ratio λ can be determined using an ionization current through an ionization electrode. An alternating voltage is initially applied to the combustion sensor, in particular to the ionization electrode. Due to the rectifying effect of a flame, an ionization current flows as a direct current in only one direction.

In control curves for combustion sensors, the ionization current detected at the combustion sensor is plotted against the speed of the fan of a combustion device. The ionization current is typically measured in microamperes. The speed of an incinerator fan is typically measured in revolutions per minute. The speed of the fan of a combustion device is at the same time a measure of the air supply and of the output of the combustion device, ie for a quantity of heat per unit of time.

A large number of target values are plotted along such a control curve. Initially, such target values can be recorded under laboratory conditions as part of tests and/or settings on a sample device. The recorded values are stored and taken into account in a control and/or regulation, in particular in an electronic control and/or regulation.

Combustion sensors, in particular ionization electrodes, are subject to aging during operation. This aging is caused by deposits and/or deposits during the operation of a combustion device. For example, an oxide layer can form on the surface of an ionization electrode, the thickness of which changes over the course of the operating hours. As a result of the aging of the at least one combustion sensor, there is a drift in a signal from the at least one combustion sensor. For example, in the case of ionization electrodes, the ionization current drifts as a result of aging. Consequently, a control curve recorded under laboratory conditions requires a correction from time to time, at the latest after one to three thousand hours of operation.

A control device with correction of the control curve of an ionization electrode is disclosed in the European patent EP2466204B1 . The European patent EP2466204B1 is granted on November 13, 2013 to SIEMENS AG . A corresponding registration EP2466204A1 was published on December 16, 2010 submitted and published on June 20, 2012. The control curve is corrected with the aid of a test procedure in three steps, which is referred to below as the drift test. First, the control device carries out a control operation at a defined air supply or speed or output. The control device then controls or regulates the actuators of the combustion device towards a changed feed ratio. In particular, the rotational speed of the fan of a combustion device is changed. By controlling the actuators, the control device sets an air supply to the combustion device.

The changed feed ratio is above the stoichiometric value of the air ratio λ of 1. The air ratio λ is preferably reduced by 0.1 or by 0.06 to values greater than or equal to 1.05. In a third step, a target value is recalculated from the ionization current recorded and from stored data.

Another European patent EP3045816B1, Device for controlling a burner system, is granted on December 12, 2018 . A corresponding registration EP3045816A1 was published on July 20, 2016 released. EP3045816B1 discloses and claims a control which calculates a shifted ionization current for a different speed on the basis of a current ionization current and on the basis of a previously recorded ionization current. Then the shifted ionization current can be filtered to the historical ionization current of the other speed.

However, the correction of the control curve assumes that the heat generated during the drift test can also be dissipated to consumers such as heating or service water. Otherwise, the amount of heat generated during the drift test is higher than the amount of heat removed. As a result, the temperature in the system rises and the system temperature controller turns off the combustion device. In this case, the drift test on a specific air supply cannot be completed.

This problem is further exacerbated by the fact that it takes some time to get stable values during a drift test. In the case of combustion devices without a sensor in the air supply duct, some time also elapses during which the control adjusts or adjusts the air supply based on the fan speed. To make matters worse, the duration of a drift test cannot generally be shortened at will.

The subject matter of the present disclosure is an improved correction of the control curve of a combustion sensor, which at least partially overcomes the aforementioned disadvantages.

summary

The present disclosure addresses a drift test on a combustion sensor of a combustion device. The combustion sensor can be or include an ionization electrode, for example. Combustion sensors, in particular ionization electrodes, are subject to aging during operation. This aging makes it necessary to carry out drift tests. The drift test is used to determine how far target values and/or test results of a combustion sensor, in particular an ionization electrode, have shifted as a result of aging.

Until now, it was necessary to drive to one of several support points to carry out the drift test. For this purpose, the air supply or the fan speed or the power was set or regulated so that it fits the base at which the drift test is carried out.

The present disclosure allows for drift testing outside of the defined support points.

First, an index is used to determine whether a drift test is pending at that base. The index can be a number of operating hours, for example, after which a drift test is carried out and/or repeated. If this is the case, the test conditions for the current air supply or fan speed or power are obtained, for example, by a suitable interpolation between the support points. A test value is then recorded based on this current (and thus at any or almost any) air supply or fan speed or output. It is also possible to record several test values of the signal from the combustion sensor, in particular from the ionization electrode. The multiple test values can then be averaged, for example, and/or checked for plausibility.

The test result obtained in this way is then applied or converted to an adjacent supporting point of the calibration curve and/or nominal value curve and/or reference value curve.

Finally, as a function of the test result obtained from the recent drift test, a new filtered drift test value is determined for the neighboring interpolation point. For this purpose, the converted test result is filtered to the previous drift test value at the neighboring support point. This new filtered drift test value is then stored in the memory of a control and/or regulation device. In particular, the new filtered drift test value can be stored in the memory of the open-loop and/or closed-loop control device as part of a calibration curve and/or desired value curve and/or reference value curve.

In one embodiment, when determining the new filtered drift test value, the distance between the current air supply or fan speed or output from the neighboring support point is taken into account. The weight with which the converted test result is placed on the neighboring So the vertex applied is a function of that distance. The weighting preferably decreases, in particular monotonically, with increasing distance. This weighted procedure avoids excessively large changes in the values of the calibration curve and/or setpoint curve and/or reference value curve. The probability of an incorrect or implausible stored value decreases.

A current airflow or fan speed or power can have more than one adjacent breakpoint. In particular, two adjacent support points can be present, with the current air supply or fan speed or power being between the two adjacent support points. A check is then preferably carried out individually for each adjacent support point using a respective index to determine whether a drift test is pending. In particular, it can be checked for each neighboring support point based on a respective number of operating hours whether a drift test is pending.

If a drift test is pending for an adjacent interpolation point or for both adjacent interpolation points, the respective filtered drift test values are corrected as a function of the newly determined test result. Preferably, a weight can be applied to each correction. It is contemplated that each weighting is a function of the respective distance of the current air supply or fan speed or power from the base or bases. In one embodiment, the weights decrease as the distance of the current air supply or fan speed or power from the base increases. In particular, the weights can decrease monotonically and/or decrease linearly and monotonically.

The calibration curve and/or desired value curve and/or reference value curve is kept as up-to-date as possible by applying the newly determined test result to more than one adjacent support point.

Furthermore, the newly determined test result, which has been converted to the adjacent interpolation points, can be applied to more than two interpolation points of the calibration curve and/or nominal value curve and/or reference value curve by means of a weighting function. The weighting function is preferably standardized, for example standardized to one. The integral over the entire range of values of a normalized weighting function is finite. In particular, this can be equal to one over the entire value range of a normalized weighting function.

In one embodiment, the weighting function has its maximum at the current air supply or fan speed or power. It decreases in either direction based on current airflow or fan speed or power. Preferably, the weighting function decreases monotonically in each direction based on the current air supply or fan speed or power. Particularly preferably, the weighting function decreases monotonically and linearly in each direction, starting from the current air supply or fan speed or power. through the Choosing a suitable weighting function ensures that test results for distant reference points are not corrected excessively. This reduces the probability of an incorrect or implausible stored test result or filtered drift test value.

In a special case, the newly determined and converted test result is applied to all those support points of the calibration curve and/or desired value curve and/or reference value curve for which a drift test is pending, using the weighting function.

Brief description of the drawings

• FIG 1 zeigt eine Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit einem Verbrennungssensor in Form einer lonisationselektrode.
• FIG 2 zeigt zwei Verläufe des lonisationsstromes über einer Luftzufuhr oder Gebläsedrehzahl oder Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung und zusätzlich einen Verlauf der ersten, oberen zur zweiten, unteren Luftzufuhr oder Gebläsedrehzahl oder Leistung für die Drifttestausführung.
• FIG 3 veranschaulicht die Bestimmung des Gewichtungsfaktors für das umgerechnete neue Testergebnis, insbesondere eines neuen lonisationsstromes, an zwei benachbarte Stützpunkte.

Various features will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description of the disclosed non-limiting embodiments. The drawings that accompany the detailed description can be briefly described as follows:

• FIG 1 shows a combustion device with a combustion sensor in the form of an ionization electrode.
• FIG 2 Figure 12 shows two trajectories of ionization current versus combustor air supply or fan speed or power and additionally a first, upper to second, lower air supply or fan speed or power trajectory for the drift test execution.
• 3 illustrates the determination of the weighting factor for the converted new test result, in particular a new ionization current, at two adjacent support points.

Detailed description

FIG 1 Fig. 1 shows a combustion device 1 such as a wall mounted gas burner and/or an oil burner. During operation, a flame of a heat generator burns in the combustion chamber 2 of the combustion device 1 . The heat generator exchanges the thermal energy of the hot combustion gases into another fluid such as water. With the warm water, for example, a hot water heating system is operated and / or heated drinking water. According to another embodiment, a good can be heated, for example in an industrial process, with the thermal energy of the hot fuels and/or combustion gases. According to a further embodiment, the heat generator is part of a system with combined heat and power generation, for example a motor of such a system. According to another embodiment, the heat generator is a gas turbine. Furthermore, the heat generator can be used to heat water in a plant for the production of lithium and/or lithium carbonate. The exhaust gases 3 are discharged from the combustion chamber 2, for example via a chimney.

The air supply 5 for the combustion process is supplied via a fan 4 driven (by a motor). Via the signal line 12, a control and/or regulating device 18 specifies the air supply V _L to the blower 4 that it is to convey. The fan speed thus becomes a measure of the air supply 5.

According to one embodiment, the fan speed is reported back to the control and/or regulation device 18 by the fan 4 . For example, control and/or regulating device 18 determines the speed of fan 4 via signal line 13.

The control and/or regulation device 18 preferably includes a microcontroller. The control and/or regulation device 18 ideally includes a microprocessor. The control and/or regulating device 18 can be a regulating device. The control device preferably includes a microcontroller. The control device ideally includes a microprocessor. The controller may include a proportional and integral controller. Furthermore, the control device can comprise a proportional and integral and derivative controller.

Furthermore, the control and/or regulation device 18 can include a field-programmable (logic) gate arrangement. In addition, the control and/or regulation device 18 can comprise an application-specific integrated circuit.

In one embodiment, the signal line 12 comprises an optical waveguide. The signal line 13 for determining the fan speed can also include an optical waveguide. In a special embodiment, the signal lines 12 and 13 are designed as optical waveguides. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

If the air supply 5 is set via an air flap and/or a valve, the flap and/or valve position can be used as a measure for the air supply 5 . Furthermore, a measured value derived from the signal of a pressure sensor and/or mass flow sensor and/or volume flow sensor can be used. The sensor 11 is advantageously arranged in the duct 5 for the air supply. The sensor 11 advantageously provides a signal which is converted into a flow measurement value using a suitable signal processing unit.

According to one embodiment, the signal from the sensor 11 is reported back using a signal line 17 . In particular, a signal can be reported back to the control and/or regulating device 18 using the signal line 17 , which signal is a measure of an air supply 5 . The signal line 17 can comprise an optical waveguide. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions. A suitable signal processing device for processing the signal of the sensor 11 ideally includes at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog/digital converter(s), is integrated in the control and/or regulation device 18.

The measured value of a pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor in a side channel of the air supply 5 can also be used as a measure for the air supply V _L . A combustion device with feed channel and side channel is for example in the European patent EP3301364B1 disclosed. The European patent EP3301364B1 was published on June 7, 2017 filed and granted on August 7, 2019. A combustion device with a supply channel and a side channel is claimed, with a mass flow sensor protruding into the supply channel.

A pressure sensor and/or a mass flow sensor in the side channel determines a signal which corresponds to the pressure value dependent on the air supply V _L and/or the air flow (particle flow and/or mass flow) in the side channel. The sensor advantageously provides a signal which is converted into a measured value using a suitable signal processing device. According to a further advantageous embodiment, the signals from a number of sensors are converted into a common measured value. A suitable signal processing device ideally includes at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog/digital converter or converters, is integrated in the control and/or regulating device 18. According to another embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog/digital converter or converters, is integrated in the pressure sensor and/or mass flow sensor. The sensor signals are transmitted to the control and/or regulation device 18 via a communication interface with a specified communication bus protocol.

According to one embodiment, the air supply V _L is the value of the current air flow rate. The air flow rate may be measured and/or reported in cubic meters of air per hour. The air supply V _L can be measured and/or stated in cubic meters of air per hour.

Mass flow sensors allow measurement at high flow velocities, especially in connection with combustion devices during operation. Typical values of such flow velocities are in the ranges between 0.1 meters per second and 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. Mass flow sensors suitable for the present disclosure are, for example, ^OMRON® D6F-W or type SENSOR ^TECHNICS® WBA sensors. The usable range of these sensors typically starts at speeds between 0.01 meters per second and 0.1 meters per second and ends at a speed such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second. In other words, it can have lower limits like 0.1 meters per second

be combined with upper limits such as 5 meters per second, 10 meters per second, 15 meters per second, 20 meters per second, or even 100 meters per second.

The fuel supply V _B is set and/or regulated by the control and/or regulation device 18 with the aid of a fuel actuator and/or a valve 6 that can be adjusted (by a motor). In execution in FIG 1 the fuel 7 is a fuel gas. A combustor 1 can then be connected to various fuel gas sources, for example sources with a high proportion of methane and/or sources with a high proportion of propane. Provision is also made for the combustion device 1 to be connected to a source of a gas or a gas mixture, the gas or the gas mixture comprising hydrogen. In FIG 1 the quantity of fuel gas is set by the control and/or regulating device 18 by means of a (motor-driven) adjustable fuel valve 6 . The control value, for example a pulse width modulated signal, of the gas valve is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. It is also a value for the fuel supply V _B .

If a gas valve is used as the fuel actuator 6, the position of a valve can be used as a measure for the quantity of fuel gas. According to a specific embodiment, a fuel actuator 6 and/or a fuel valve are set using a stepping motor. In that case, the stepping position of the stepping motor is a measure of the amount of fuel gas. The fuel valve can also be integrated in a unit with at least one or more safety shut-off valves. A signal line 14 connects the fuel actuator 6 to the open-loop and/or closed-loop control device 18. In a specific embodiment, the signal line 14 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

Furthermore, the fuel valve 6 can be a valve that is controlled internally via a flow and/or pressure sensor 10, which valve receives a desired value and regulates the actual value of the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 to the desired value. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter or as a bellows meter or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow and/or pressure sensor 10 can also be designed as a mass flow sensor, for example as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line 16 connects the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 to the control and/or regulation device 18. In a specific embodiment, the signal line 16 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

In a further embodiment, the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 is arranged separately from the fuel valve 6 in the fuel supply channel 8 . The flow sensor 10 can be implemented as a volume flow sensor, for example as a turbine wheel meter or bellows meter or as a differential pressure sensor. The flow and / or pressure sensor 10 can also be used as Mass flow sensor, for example, be designed as a thermal mass flow sensor. A signal line 16 connects the flow and/or pressure sensor 10 to the control and/or regulation device 18. In a specific embodiment, the signal line 16 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

That flow and/or pressure sensor 10 generates a signal which is converted into a flow measurement value (measurement value of the particle and/or mass flow and/or volume flow) using a suitable signal processing device. A suitable signal processing device ideally includes at least one analog-to-digital converter. According to one embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog/digital converter or converters, is integrated in the control and/or regulation device 18. According to another embodiment, the signal processing device, in particular the analog/digital converter or converters, is integrated in the flow - and/or pressure sensor. The sensor signals are transmitted to the control and/or regulation device 18 via a communication interface with a specified communication bus protocol.

FIG 1 also shows a combustion device 1 with a combustion sensor 9 for detecting an air ratio λ. The combustion sensor 9 can comprise an ionization electrode, for example. The combustion sensor 9 can also be an ionization electrode. KANTHAL ^® , eg APM ^® or A-1 ^® , is often used as the material for an ionization electrode. Electrodes made of Nikrothal ^® are also considered by those skilled in the art. The combustion sensor 9 is preferably arranged in the combustion chamber 2 .

A signal line 15 connects the combustion sensor 9 to the control and/or regulating device 18. In a specific embodiment, the signal line 15 comprises an optical waveguide. Optical fibers provide advantages in terms of galvanic isolation and protection against explosions.

Typically, the combustion sensor 9 is connected to a voltage source via an impedance. The impedance for connection to the voltage source can include an electrical resistance, in particular an electrical, ohmic resistance.

In FIG 2 are shown in curve 21 by way of example setpoint values for the signals from a combustion sensor 9 . Curve 22 shows exemplary reference values for the drift test from the signals from a combustion sensor 9 over an air supply or fan speed or output 19 . In particular, curves 21 and 22 can show ionization current values 20 over air supply or blower speed or output 19 . The air supply or fan speed or output 19 along the abscissa is preferably an air supply or fan speed or output 19 of a combustion device 1.

The curve 21 in FIG 2 shows nominal values of the signals of a combustion sensor 9 in the as-delivered state of the at least one combustion sensor 9. In particular, the curve 21 shows ionization current nominal values in the as-delivered state of an ionization electrode for normal control operation. In this case, the curve 21 is supported by a number of values for the air supply or fan speed or output 19 . For those values of the air supply or fan speed or power 19, there are setpoint values for the signal of the at least one combustion sensor 9 in the delivery state. In particular, for those values air supply or blower speed or output 19, target values of the ionization current of an ionization electrode can be present in the delivery state. In FIG 2 sixteen such supporting values of the air supply or fan speed or output 19 are shown as an example for curve 21 . A target value of a signal from a combustion sensor 9 in the delivery state belongs to each supporting value of the air supply or fan speed or output 19 . In particular, a target value of an ionization current of an ionization electrode in the delivery state can belong to each supporting value of the air supply or fan speed or power 19 . The supporting values and the associated ionization current set values form the supporting points of the control curve for normal control operation in the delivery state of the control and/or regulating device 18. The supporting values are such supporting values for the air supply or fan speed or output 19.

The curve 22 in FIG 2 shows reference values for a drift test of the at least one combustion sensor 9 for changes. In particular, curve 22 shows reference ionization currents for a drift test of an ionization electrode for change. In the present case, a combustion sensor 9 or an ionization electrode can change, for example due to aging. In particular, aging can be accompanied by the formation of deposits on the combustion sensor 9 or on the ionization electrode.

In this case, the curve 22 is supported by a number of values for the air supply or fan speed or output 19 . Reference values of the signal of the at least one combustion sensor 9 exist for those values of air supply or fan speed or power 19. In particular, reference values of the ionization current of an ionization electrode can be present for those values of air supply or fan speed or power 19. In FIG 2 seven such supporting values of the air supply or fan speed or output 19 are shown as an example for curve 22 . A reference value of a signal from a combustion sensor 9 belongs to each supporting value of the air supply or fan speed or output 19. In particular, each supporting value of the air supply or fan speed or output 19 can include a reference value of an ionization current for a drift test of an ionization electrode. The interpolation values of the air supply or fan speed or power 19 and the respective associated reference ionization currents form the interpolation points of the reference curve for drift tests of the ionization electrode.

Support values for air supply or fan speed or power 19 for curve 22 are generally not identical to support values for air supply or fan speed or power 19 for curve 21. The respective support values for curves 21 and 22 can differ in number. Furthermore, the respective supporting values of the curves 21 and 22 can differ in their position. This means that the respective supporting values of the curves 21 and 22 do not belong to identical values of the air supply or fan speed or output 19.

The curve 23 in FIG 2 represents the change in the air ratio λ caused by the engine speed and/or the fuel valve during a drift test. In the present case, it represents a first, upper via a second, lower air supply or fan speed or output for a drift test of the at least one combustion sensor 9. The associated ordinate axis is the second ordinate axis. It covers the same range of values as the abscissa axis. Associated with each air supply or fan speed or power 19 breakpoint of curve 23 is an air supply or blower speed or power breakpoint 19 of curve 22. The air supply or fan speed or power breakpoints 19 of curve 23 correspond to the second, lower air supplies or fan speeds or powers for drift tests. Together with the associated first, upper air supplies or blower speeds or outputs for a drift test, they form the bases for drift tests. A drift test value, ie a value determined from the associated test results by filtering, and an index for determining a test result are assigned to each of these drift test interpolation points. In one embodiment, a reference value is assigned to each drift test node.

The value on curve 21 corresponding to a base value of the air supply or fan speed or power 19 of curve 23 can be a base value of the air supply or fan speed or power 19 of curve 21 . However, the value on curve 21 corresponding to a base value of the air supply or fan speed or power 19 of curve 23 does not have to be a base value of the air supply or fan speed or power 19 of curve 21 . If there is no reference value from curve 21 for a reference value from curves 22 and 23, the values from curve 21 can be interpolated. For example, linear interpolation can be carried out between neighboring points. The interpolated value is then used to determine an associated reference value for normal control operation for a supporting value of curves 22 and 23 .

Furthermore, a triangular point can be seen on each of the curves 21 to 23. These points all belong to the same air supply or blower speed or output 19. In contrast to the reference points, the point marked with a triangle corresponds to a calculated value. It can, for example, have been obtained by interpolation between the base points of each curve. A drift test can be carried out with the values obtained in this way and the test result can be evaluated or converted to the neighboring reference points.

Intervals are formed for the decision as to whether a drift test is to be carried out on the basis of a current air supply or a current blower speed or a current output. The intervals are formed on the basis of the first air supply values or blower speed values or performance values of a drift test support point. The range of air supply or fan speed or power can be divided into intervals between the first air supply or fan speed or power of the highest and lowest drift test support point. In one embodiment, the entire range of airflow or fan speed or power is divided into intervals between the first airflow or fan speed or power of the highest and lowest drift test breakpoints.

The intervals are selected on the basis of the first air supply values or fan speed values or performance values of the drift test support points. A first drift test support point P _n is close to the current air supply or close to the current fan speed or close to the current power. A second drift test point P _n+1 is further away from the current air supply or the current fan speed or the current power than the first drift test point P _n . Preferably, the second drift test node P _n+1 is adjacent to the first drift test node P _n .

So there are several areas. A first area is close to the first drift test node P _n . Another range lies between the drift test points P _n and P _n+1 , but does not include the drift test points P _n and P _n+1 . Yet another area is close to the second drift test node P _n+1 . Preferably, these areas do not overlap.

In a first embodiment, each range comprises one-third of the interval between the drift test breakpoints P _n and P _n+1 . In a second embodiment, the region near P _n comprises a quarter of the interval between the drift test breakpoints P _n and P _n+1 . The area near P _n+1 also covers a quarter of the interval between the drift test support points P _n and P _n+1 . The range between the drift test points P _n and P _n+1 comprises half the interval between the drift test points P _n and P _n+1 .

If a drift test is performed with an air supply or fan speed or output close to _Pn , the new test result from this drift test is converted to _Pn . This conversion is analogous to that in EP3045816B1 disclosed calculation for neighboring points. In particular, a new ionization current from this drift test can be converted to _Pn . After the conversion to P _n , the time interval until a new drift test for P _n is carried out is preferably restarted. If a drift test is started in the middle area between the drift test support points P _n and P _n+1 , the new test result from this drift test is converted to P _n and to P _n+1 . In particular, a new ionization current from this drift test can be converted to P _n and P _n+1 . _{A weighting} or filter value to use. Following the conversion of the new test result to P _n and on P _n+1 the time interval or time intervals can be restarted until a new drift test is performed. Finally, if a drift test is carried out with an air supply or fan speed or output close to P _n+1 , the new test result from this drift test is converted to P _n+1 . In particular, a new ionization current from this drift test can be converted to Pn ₊₁ . After the conversion to P _n+1 , the time interval until a new drift test for P _n+1 is carried out is preferably restarted.

A drift test is performed when the time interval of a drift test node _Pn has expired and the current air supply or fan speed or power is either in the range close to the drift test node or between drift test node _Pn and Pn ₊₁ . If there is still a time interval running at the second drift test interpolation point P _n+1 before a drift test is carried out, then that time interval can be left as it is. In a specific embodiment, a conversion to the second drift test support point P _n+1 can be dispensed with as long as the corresponding time interval has not yet expired. Consequently, the end of the time interval to the second drift test support point P _n+1 is awaited. After that time interval has elapsed, a drift test is carried out at or near the second drift test node P _n+1 .

All of the above in relation to the point or region at P _n+1 applies equivalently to the point or region at P _n-1 .

The test conditions for the drift test are defined using two curves. On the one hand, the reference values, in particular the reference ionization currents, must be defined. The reference values, in particular the reference ionization currents, can be test results determined in the laboratory and/or reference values on a reference device and/or sample device. In particular, the reference values can be ionization currents in drift test executions. The reference values, in particular the reference ionization currents, can be stored, for example, as support points or using curve parameters. Turn 22 off FIG 2 shows such breakpoints for reference values. The curve parameters can include curve parameters of the third, fourth, fifth or higher order, for example. In particular, the curve parameters can include parameters of polynomials of the third, fourth, fifth or higher order.

On the other hand, the change in the air ratio λ during a drift test must be determined relative to each other, for example by values of the air supply or fan speed or power during the drift test. On the one hand, a curve of the first air supply or first fan speed or first power over the second air supply or second fan speed or second power can be used for this purpose. One such curve is curve 23 off FIG 2 in the variant supporting points and interpolation for the intermediate values. On the other hand, a curve of the ratio of the first air supply or first fan speed or first power to the second air supply or second fan speed or second power can be used for this purpose. In the simplest case it is sufficient for the ratio of the first air supply or first fan speed or first power to the second air supply or second fan speed or second power is a constant. Correspondingly, a straight line is obtained as curve 23 as the curve of the first air supply or first blower speed or first power versus the second air supply or second blower speed or second power. Meanwhile, curves of a higher order can also be used. It is possible that the values of the air supply or fan speed or power during the drift test are not defined in relation to each other via support points and interpolation for the intermediate values, but via a curve using polynomial coefficients. In this case, air supplies or fan speeds or outputs should also be specified, to which the measured drift of the combustion sensor 9 is converted. In particular, air supplies or blower speeds or outputs should be specified, to which the measured drift of the ionization electrode 9 is converted.

As a minimum, the respective highest and lowest values of the air supply or fan speed or power must be defined, which define limits within which one or more drift tests can be carried out. In particular, it is provided that such values are defined in a memory of a control and/or regulation device 18 . Those values, together with any other specified values for the air supply or fan speed or power, serve as values to which the measured drift of the combustion sensor 9 is converted. They are used as drift test breakpoints in the same manner as described above.

The case may arise in which the conditions for the drift test are defined via curve parameters. In particular, conditions for the drift test can be defined using values stored in the memory of a control and/or regulating device 18 . At the same time there are few drift test support points P _n . There can also be the same number of drift test interpolation points P _n , as shown in curve 22 or 23. Furthermore, there can also be a few more drift test support points P _n .

In such a case, the distance of the current air supply or fan speed or power to the drift test support point P _n , P _n+1 can be used as a parameter. The closer the current air supply or fan speed or power is to the drift test support point P _n , P _n+1 , the higher the weighting. With that weighting, the converted, new test result flows into the filtered drift test value at the support point P _n , P _n+1 . In particular, the weighting of the converted, new test result is higher the closer the current air supply or fan speed or power is to the drift test support point P _n , P _n+1 . Furthermore, the closer the current air supply or blower speed or output is to the drift test support point P _n , P _n+1 , the longer the time until the next drift test is due.

For example, a new test result is determined at a current air supply or fan speed or output 24 and converted to the drift test reference points P _n , P _n+1 . The current air supply or fan speed or power 24 is spaced two-fifths of the interval from P _n to P _n+1 to the first drift test node P _n . The current air supply or blower speed or power 24 has a distance of three fifths of the interval from P _n to P _n+1 to the second drift test support point P _n+1 . Preferably, the second drift test node P _n+1 is adjacent to the first drift test node P _n . The new test result converted to the drift test base P _n is now filtered at the previous filtered drift test value assigned to this drift test base. However, the filtering only takes place with a weighting of three-fifths compared to a test result that would have been determined exactly at the drift test node P _n . In particular, a converted new test result can be filtered on the previous, filtered drift test value assigned to this drift test node. However, the filtering is only carried out with a weighting of three-fifths compared to a test result that would have been determined exactly at the drift test support point P _n .

Correspondingly, the new test result converted to the second drift test node P _n+1 is filtered at the previous filtered drift test value assigned to this drift test node. However, the filtering is only carried out with a weighting of two-fifths compared to a test result that would have been determined exactly at the drift test node P _n+1 . In particular, a converted, new test result can be filtered on the previous, filtered drift test value assigned to this drift test node. However, the filtering is only carried out with a weighting of two-fifths compared to a test result that would have been determined exactly at the drift test node P _n+1 .

In a further embodiment, the weighting is not necessarily varied between zero and one hundred percent via the relative position of the current air supply or fan speed or output in the interval P _n to P _n+1 . Instead, a filter value 27 is defined for at least one drift test interpolation point P _n , P _n+1 . In particular, a filter value can be defined for each drift test support point P _n , P _n+1 . For example, a filter value of forty percent can be defined for a drift test base. In particular, a filter value of forty percent can be defined in the memory of a control and/or regulating device 18 for a drift test support point. This filter value corresponds to the weighting factor with which a converted test result based on a test at point P _n is filtered to the previous filtered drift test value assigned to the drift test interpolation point P _n+1 . A relative distance of three fifths of the current air supply or fan speed or power to the drift test support point P _n+1 therefore leads to the weighting: $$\left(1-3/5\right)\times \left(100\mathrm{percent}-40\mathrm{percent}\right)+40\mathrm{percent}=64\mathrm{percent}\mathrm{.}$$

Parts of a control and/or regulation device 18 according to the present disclosure can be implemented as hardware and/or as a software module, which is executed by a computing unit, optionally with the addition of container virtualization, and/or using a cloud computer and/or using a combination of the aforementioned opportunities are realized. The software may include firmware and/or a hardware driver running within an operating system and/or container virtualization and/or an application program. The present disclosure also relates to a computer program product, which contains the features of this disclosure or carries out the necessary steps. When implemented in software, the functions described may be stored as one or more instructions on a computer-readable medium. Some examples of computer-readable media include random access memory (RAM) and/or magnetic random access memory (MRAM) and/or read only memory (ROM) and/or flash memory and/or electronically programmable ROM (EPROM) and/or electronically programmable and erasable ROM (EEPROM) and/or registers of a processing unit and/or a hard disk and/or a removable storage unit and/or an optical memory and/or any suitable medium which can be accessed by a computer or by other IT devices and applications can.

• anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4) eine vorgegebene Luftzufuhr zum mindestens einen Feuerraum (2) der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu erzeugen;
• nach dem Erzeugen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr als Funktion der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr und anhand der ersten Luftzufuhrwerte einen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen;
• anhand des Index zu dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt über die Ermittlung eines Testergebnisses zu entscheiden;
• im Falle einer Entscheidung für die Ermittlung eines Testergebnisses:
  • anhand des mindestens einen Verbrennungssensors (9) eines oder mehrere Signale zu empfangen;
  • aus dem einen Signal oder aus den mehreren Signalen des mindestens einen Verbrennungssensors (9) ein neues Testergebnis zu bestimmen;
  • als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses einen geänderten Drifttestwert für den ausgewählten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln; und
  • den geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen.

In other words, the present disclosure teaches a device (18) for controlling and/or regulating a combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising at least one combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (4) which responds to an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2), and at least one combustion sensor (9), which is arranged in such a way that it is in the region of a flame of the at least one combustion chamber (2) during operation of the combustion device (1), the control and/or Control device (18) comprises a memory with at least one list of reference points, each reference point from the at least one list of reference points being assigned a first air supply value of the combustion device (1) and each reference point from the at least one list of reference points having a drift test value and an index are assigned for determining a test result, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• using the at least one actuator (4) to generate a predetermined air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1);
• after generating the predetermined air supply as a function of the predetermined air supply and based on the first air supply values, select a node from the at least one list of nodes;
• decide on the determination of a test result based on the index for the selected support point;
• in the event of a decision to determine a test result:
  • receive one or more signals based on the at least one combustion sensor (9);
  • to determine a new test result from the one signal or from the plurality of signals of the at least one combustion sensor (9);
  • determine a modified drift test value for the selected breakpoint as a function of the new test result; and
  • to store the changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the selected interpolation point.

In one embodiment, the at least one list of vertices is at least one list of drift test vertices. Each drift test base corresponds to a first over a second air supply of the combustion device (1). Furthermore, each drift test support point is assigned a drift test value and an index for determining the drift test result. In one embodiment, a reference value is assigned to each drift test node.

In particular, the first air supply of a drift test support point of the combustion device (1) is an air supply at which a drift test is started and the second air supply is an air supply at which a drift test is ended. The drift test serves to determine an aging-related drift of signals from the combustion sensor (9). In particular, the drift test is used to determine an aging-related drift of signals from an ionization electrode.

In one embodiment, a previous test result and an index for determining a test result are assigned to each drift test node. This means that the respective drift test value includes a respective previous test result. In particular, the respective drift test value can be a respective previous test result. In a further embodiment, the respective drift test value can be an averaging or filtering over several or all previous test results that were determined or converted for this drift test reference point.

The new test result preferably includes a new drift test result. Ideally, the new test result is a new drift test result.

In particular, the control and/or regulation device (18) can be designed to use the at least one actuator (4) to generate a specified air supply value for the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

Provision can be made for the control and/or regulation device (18) to be communicatively connected to the at least one actuator (4). Provision can also be made for the control and/or regulation device (18) to be communicatively connected to the at least one combustion sensor (9).

In one embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:
using the at least one actuator (4) to adjust a specified air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

In a further embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:
to control the at least one actuator (4) to a predetermined air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

In yet another embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:
using the at least one actuator (4) to control a predetermined air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

• anhand der mindestens einen lonisationselektrode (9) eines oder mehrere lonisationsstromsignale zu empfangen; und
• aus dem einen lonisationsstromsignal oder aus den mehreren lonisationsstromsignalen ein neues Testergebnis zu bestimmen.

The at least one combustion sensor (9) preferably comprises at least one ionization electrode (9). One of the aforementioned devices (18) is preferably designed:
in the event of a decision to determine a test result:

• receiving one or more ionization current signals from the at least one ionization electrode (9); and
• to determine a new test result from the one ionization current signal or from the plurality of ionization current signals.

In particular, it can be provided that the control and/or regulation device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one ionization electrode (9).

• anhand der mindestens einen lonisationselektrode (9) eines oder mehrere lonisationsstromsignale zu empfangen; und
• aus dem einen lonisationsstromsignal oder aus den mehreren lonisationsstromsignalen ein neues Testergebnis zu bestimmen.

In a special embodiment, the at least one combustion sensor (9) is at least one ionization electrode (9). According to this special embodiment, one of the aforementioned devices (18) is designed:
in the event of a decision to determine a test result:

• receiving one or more ionization current signals from the at least one ionization electrode (9); and
• to determine a new test result from the one ionization current signal or from the plurality of ionization current signals.

In particular, it can be provided that the control and/or regulation device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one ionization electrode (9).

• mindestens zwei Stützpunkte aus der mindestens einen Liste auszuwählen;
• zwischen den mindestens zwei ausgewählten Stützpunkten durch Interpolation, beispielsweise durch lineare Interpolation, eine Luftzufuhr zu bestimmen; und
• anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4) die bestimmte Luftzufuhr zum mindestens einen Feuerraum (2) der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu erzeugen.

The following possibilities, among others, arise for a possible choice of starting conditions and/or reference conditions for the aforementioned drift tests:
In particular, the present disclosure teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• select at least two bases from the at least one list;
• to determine an air supply between the at least two selected support points by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation; and
• using the at least one actuator (4) to generate the specific air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

In addition, a reference value for the drift test can be determined from the reference values, which are assigned to the selected interpolation points, by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation. The test result determined is preferably evaluated against this reference value.

• mindestens zwei Stützpunkte aus der mindestens einen Liste auszuwählen;
• zwischen den mindestens zwei ausgewählten Stützpunkten durch Interpolation, beispielsweise durch lineare Interpolation, eine Luftzufuhr zu berechnen; und
• anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4) die berechnete Luftzufuhr zum mindestens einen Feuerraum (2) der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu erzeugen.

Furthermore, the present disclosure teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• select at least two bases from the at least one list;
• to calculate an air supply between the at least two selected support points by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation; and
• using the at least one actuator (4) to generate the calculated air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

In addition, a reference value for the drift test can be determined from the reference values, which are assigned to the selected interpolation points, by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation. In particular, a reference value for the drift test can be calculated from the reference values, which are assigned to the selected interpolation points, by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation. The test result determined is preferably evaluated against this reference value.

• mindestens zwei Stützpunkte aus der mindestens einen Liste auszuwählen;
• zwischen den mindestens zwei ausgewählten Stützpunkten durch Interpolation, beispielsweise durch lineare Interpolation, eine Luftzufuhr zu bestimmen; und
• anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4) die bestimmte Luftzufuhr zum mindestens einen Feuerraum (2) der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) einzustellen.

Furthermore, the present disclosure teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• select at least two bases from the at least one list;
• to determine an air supply between the at least two selected support points by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation; and
• using the at least one actuator (4) to adjust the specific air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

In addition, a reference value for the drift test can be determined from the reference values, which are assigned to the selected interpolation points, by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation. The test result determined is preferably evaluated against this reference value.

• mindestens zwei Stützpunkte aus der mindestens einen Liste auszuwählen;
• zwischen den mindestens zwei ausgewählten Stützpunkten durch Interpolation, beispielsweise durch lineare Interpolation, eine Luftzufuhr zu berechnen; und
• anhand des mindestens einen Aktors (4) die berechnete Luftzufuhr zum mindestens einen Feuerraum (2) der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) einzustellen.

In addition, the present disclosure teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• select at least two bases from the at least one list;
• to calculate an air supply between the at least two selected support points by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation; and
• using the at least one actuator (4) to set the calculated air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

In addition, a reference value for the drift test can be determined from the reference values, which are assigned to the selected interpolation points, by interpolation, for example by linear interpolation. In particular, a Reference value for the drift test can be calculated. The test result determined is preferably evaluated against this reference value.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu ermitteln; und
• nach dem Erzeugen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr als Funktion der ermittelten Leistung einen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen.

With regard to the further control and/or regulation of the combustion device (1), the present disclosure teaches the following:
The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each support point from the at least one list of support points being assigned a power of the combustion device (1) stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• to determine an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply; and
• to select a base from the at least one list of bases after generating the specified air supply as a function of the determined power.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu ermitteln; und
• nach dem Erzeugen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr als Funktion der ermittelten Leistung den Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each support point from the at least one list of support points being assigned a power of the combustion device (1) stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• to determine an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply; and
• after generating the specified air supply as a function of the power determined, to select the support point from the at least one list of support points.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu ermitteln; und
• nach dem Erzeugen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr als Funktion der ermittelten Leistung einen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each air supply to a support point from the at least one list of support points being assigned a power stored in the memory, with the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• to determine an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply; and
• to select a base from the at least one list of bases after generating the specified air supply as a function of the determined power.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Gebläsedrehzahl des mindestens einen Aktors (4) zu ermitteln; und
• nach dem Erzeugen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr als Funktion der ermittelten Gebläsedrehzahl einen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein a fan speed stored in the memory of the at least one actuator (4) is assigned to each support point from the at least one list of support points, the control and/or regulating device (18) being formed is:

• to determine a fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) from the specified air supply; and
• to select a reference point from the at least one list of reference points after generating the specified air supply as a function of the determined fan speed.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Gebläsedrehzahl des mindestens einen Aktors (4) zu ermitteln; und
• nach dem Erzeugen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr als Funktion der ermittelten Gebläsedrehzahl einen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each air supply of a support point from the at least one list of support points being assigned a fan speed stored in the memory of the at least one actuator (4), the control and/or regulating device (18 ) is trained:

• to determine a fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) from the specified air supply; and
• to select a reference point from the at least one list of reference points after generating the specified air supply as a function of the determined fan speed.

The at least one actuator (4) preferably includes at least one fan (4). In a special embodiment, the at least one actuator (4) is at least one fan (4).

• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr und den ersten Luftzufuhrwerten zu bilden;
• diejenige Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist; und
• denjenigen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed after the generation of the specified air supply:

• to form differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values;
• select the difference that is the smallest in amount; and
• to select that interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points which belongs to the difference with the smallest amount.

• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr und den ersten Luftzufuhrwerten zu bilden;
• diejenige Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist; und
• den Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed after the generation of the specified air supply:

• to form differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values;
• select the difference that is the smallest in amount; and
• select the breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that belongs to the difference with the smallest amount.

In one embodiment, the at least one list of vertices is at least one list of drift test vertices. Each drift test base corresponds to a first over a second air supply of the combustion device (1). In particular, the first air supply of a drift test support point of the combustion device (1) is an air supply at which a drift test is started and the second air supply is an air supply at which a drift test is ended. The drift test is used to determine an aging-related drift of signals from the combustion sensor (9). In particular, the drift test is used to determine an aging-related drift of signals from an ionization electrode.

In a special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed taking into account a difference:
to calculate the respective amounts of the differences for the differences formed.

In a further, special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed taking into account a difference:
to calculate differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values.

Furthermore, the control and/or regulation device (18) can be designed taking into account a difference:
to calculate amounts of the differences for the calculated differences.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu ermitteln;
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der ermittelten Leistung und den ersten Leistungen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu bilden;
• jedem Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten die jeweils gebildete Differenz zuzuordnen;
• diejenige Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist; und
• denjenigen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above-mentioned devices (18), wherein a first power of the combustion device (1) stored in the memory is assigned to each support point from the at least one list of support points, the control and/or regulating device (18) according to the generation of the specified air supply is designed:

• to determine an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply;
• to form differences between the determined power and the first powers, which are assigned to the bases from the at least one list of bases;
• to assign the respectively formed difference to each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points;
• select the difference that is the smallest in amount; and
• to select that interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points which belongs to the difference with the smallest amount.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu berechnen; und
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der berechneten Leistung und den ersten Leistungen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu berechnen.

In a special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• to calculate an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply; and
• to calculate differences between the calculated power and the first powers, which are assigned to the bases from the at least one list of bases.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Gebläsedrehzahl des mindestens einen Aktors (4) zu ermitteln;
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der ermittelten Gebläsedrehzahl und den ersten Gebläsedrehzahlen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu bilden;
• jedem Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten die jeweils gebildete Differenz zuzuordnen;
• diejenige Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist; und
• denjenigen Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each support point from the at least one list of support points being assigned a first fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18 ) is formed after generating the specified air supply:

• to determine a fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) from the specified air supply;
• to form differences between the determined fan speed and the first fan speeds, which are assigned to the interpolation points from the at least one list of interpolation points;
• to assign the respectively formed difference to each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points;
• select the difference that is the smallest in amount; and
• to select that interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points which belongs to the difference with the smallest amount.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Gebläsedrehzahl des mindestens einen Aktors (4) zu berechnen; und
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der berechneten Gebläsedrehzahl und den ersten Gebläsedrehzahlen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu berechnen.

In a special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• to calculate a fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) from the specified air supply; and
• to calculate differences between the calculated fan speed and the first fan speeds, which are assigned to the reference points from the at least one list of reference points.

• eine aktuelle Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu ermitteln;
• die Anzahl an Betriebsstunden bis zum nächsten Start der Ermittlung des Testergebnisses zu dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt mit der aktuellen Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu vergleichen;
• falls die aktuelle Anzahl an Betriebsstunden grösser als oder gleich der Anzahl an Betriebsstunden bis zum nächsten Start der Ermittlung des Testergebnisses zu dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt ist:
  • anhand des mindestens einen Verbrennungssensors (9) das eine Signal oder die mehreren Signale zu empfangen; und
  • aus dem einen Signal oder aus den mehreren Signalen des mindestens einen Verbrennungssensors (9) ein neues Testergebnis zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each base point from the at least one list of base points being assigned a number of operating hours of the combustion device (1) until the next start of a determination of a test result as an index for determining the test result and in memory is stored, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• determine a current number of operating hours;
• to compare the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the selected base with the current number of operating hours;
• if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the selected breakpoint:
  • receive the one or more signals based on the at least one combustion sensor (9); and
  • to determine a new test result from the one signal or from the multiple signals of the at least one combustion sensor (9).

• anhand der mindestens einen lonisationselektrode (9) eines oder mehrere lonisationsstromsignale zu empfangen; und
• aus dem einen lonisationsstromsignal oder aus den mehreren lonisationsstromsignalen ein neues Testergebnis zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a current number of operating hours, the at least one combustion sensor (9) comprising at least one ionization electrode, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the selected breakpoint:

• receiving one or more ionization current signals from the at least one ionization electrode (9); and
• to determine a new test result from the one ionization current signal or from the plurality of ionization current signals.

In particular, it can be provided that the control and/or regulation device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one ionization electrode (9).

• anhand der mindestens einen lonisationselektrode (9) eines oder mehrere lonisationsstromsignale zu empfangen; und
• aus dem einen lonisationsstromsignal oder aus den mehreren lonisationsstromsignalen ein neues Testergebnis zu bestimmen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a current number of operating hours, the at least one combustion sensor (9) being at least one ionization electrode, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the selected breakpoint:

• receiving one or more ionization current signals from the at least one ionization electrode (9); and
• to determine a new test result from the one ionization current signal or from the plurality of ionization current signals.

In particular, it can be provided that the control and/or regulation device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one ionization electrode (9).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a current number of operating hours, the device (18) comprising an operating hours counter, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to determine a current number of operating hours using the operating hours counter.

• ein Betriebsstundensignal von dem Betriebsstundenzähler zu empfangen; und
• aus dem Betriebsstundensignal eine aktuelle Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a current number of operating hours, the device (18) being communicatively connected to an operating hours counter, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• receive an hour signal from the hour meter; and
• to determine a current number of operating hours from the operating hours signal.

In one embodiment, the hour meter comprises a clock based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors. In a specific embodiment, the operating hours counter is a clock based on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors. Furthermore, the operating hours counter can be integrated into a programming of the device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
determine the changed drift test value for the selected node as a function of the new test result and as a function of the drift test value assigned to the selected node.

• das neue Testergebnis zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umzurechnen; und
• durch Gewichtung des zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses und durch Gewichtung des dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes den geänderten Drifttestwert für den ausgewählten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• convert the new test result to the selected vertex; and
• to determine the modified drift test value for the selected interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the selected interpolation point and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the selected interpolation point.

• das neue Testergebnis zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umzurechnen; und
• durch Gewichtung des zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss einem ersten Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss einem zweiten Prozentsatz den geänderten Drifttestwert für den ausgewählten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• convert the new test result to the selected vertex; and
• determining the modified drift test value for the selected support point by weighting the test result converted to the selected support point according to a first percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the selected support point according to a second percentage.

Preferably, the first percentage and the second percentage add up to one hundred percent.

• als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses einen ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den ausgewählten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln und einen zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert für einen weiteren Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zu ermitteln;
• den ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen; und
• den zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem weiteren Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• as a function of the new test result, determine a first, changed drift test value for the selected node and determine a second, changed drift test value for another node from the at least one list of nodes;
• to store the first, modified drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the selected interpolation point; and
• to store the second, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the further interpolation point.

• für jeden Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten, der verschieden ist vom ausgewählten Stützpunkt, je als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses ein zusätzliches Testergebnis für den jeweiligen Stützpunkt zu berechnen; und
• mindestens ein berechnetes zusätzliches Testergebnis im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem jeweiligen Stützpunkt zugeordneten Testergebnis zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• for each vertex from the at least one list of vertices that is different from the selected vertex, calculate an additional test result for the respective vertex, depending on the new test result; and
• to store at least one calculated additional test result in the memory of the control and/or regulation device (18) as the test result assigned to the respective support point.

• für jeden Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten, der verschieden ist vom ausgewählten Stützpunkt, je als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses und als Funktion des dem jeweiligen Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes einen zusätzlichen Drifttestwert für den jeweiligen Stützpunkt zu ermitteln; und
• mindestens einen ermittelten zusätzlichen Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem jeweiligen Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• for each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points that is different from the selected interpolation point, to determine an additional drift test value for the respective interpolation point as a function of the new test result and as a function of the drift test value assigned to the respective interpolation point; and
• storing at least one determined additional drift test value in the memory of the open-loop and/or closed-loop control device (18) as a drift test value assigned to the respective interpolation point.

• für jeden Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten, der verschieden ist vom ausgewählten Stützpunkt, je als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses ein zusätzliches Testergebnis für den jeweiligen Stützpunkt zu berechnen; und
• jedes berechnete zusätzliche Testergebnis im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem jeweiligen Stützpunkt zugeordneten Testergebnis zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• for each vertex from the at least one list of vertices that is different from the selected vertex, calculate an additional test result for the respective vertex, depending on the new test result; and
• storing each additional test result calculated in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as a test result assigned to the respective support point.

• für jeden Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten, der verschieden ist vom ausgewählten Stützpunkt, je als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses und als Funktion des dem jeweiligen Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes einen zusätzlichen Drifttestwert für den jeweiligen Stützpunkt zu ermitteln; und
• jeden ermittelten zusätzlichen Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem jeweiligen Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• for each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points that is different from the selected interpolation point, to determine an additional drift test value for the respective interpolation point as a function of the new test result and as a function of the drift test value assigned to the respective interpolation point; and
• to store each determined additional drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the respective interpolation point.

• als Funktion der Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen ersten Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• das neue Testergebnis zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umzurechnen und
• durch Gewichtung des zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss dem ersten Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss einem zweiten Prozentsatz den geänderten Drifttestwert für den ausgewählten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a selection of a support point on the basis of a difference, with the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• determine a first percentage as a function of the difference having the smallest amount;
• convert the new test result to the selected support point and
• determining the modified drift test value for the selected support point by weighting the test result converted to the selected support point according to the first percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the selected support point according to a second percentage.

• als Funktion der Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen ersten Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• als Funktion der Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen zweiten Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• das neue Testergebnis zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umzurechnen; und
• durch Gewichtung des zum ausgewählten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss dem ersten Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem ausgewählten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss dem zweiten Prozentsatz den geänderten Drifttestwert für den ausgewählten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a difference with the smallest amount, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:

• determine a first percentage as a function of the difference having the smallest amount;
• determine a second percentage as a function of the difference with the smallest amount;
• convert the new test result to the selected vertex; and
• determine the modified drift test value for the selected support point by weighting the test result converted to the selected support point according to the first percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the selected support point according to the second percentage.

Preferably, the first percentage and the second percentage add up to one hundred percent.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
to regulate the combustion device (1) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
to control the combustion device (1) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:
using the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and using the at least one actuator (4) to generate an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:
using the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) to generate a fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
using the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and using the at least one actuator (4) to set an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
setting a fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
to control the at least one actuator (4) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
to control at least one fuel actuator (6) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
to regulate the at least one actuator (4) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:
to regulate at least one fuel actuator (6) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr und den ersten Luftzufuhrwerten zu bilden;
• aus den gebildeten Differenzen diejenige negative Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist;
• aus den gebildeten Differenzen diejenige positive Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist;
• einen ersten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur negativen Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört; und
• einen zweiten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur positiven Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed after the generation of the specified air supply:

• to form differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values;
• from the differences formed, select that negative difference whose amount is the smallest;
• from the differences formed, select that positive difference whose amount is the smallest;
• select a first breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the negative difference with the smallest magnitude; and
• select a second breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the positive difference with the smallest magnitude.

• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr und den ersten Luftzufuhrwerten zu bilden;
• aus den gebildeten Differenzen diejenige negative Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist;
• aus den gebildeten Differenzen diejenige positive Differenz auszuwählen, deren Betrag am geringsten ist;
• den Stützpunkt als ersten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur negativen Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört; und
• einen zweiten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur positiven Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed after the generation of the specified air supply:

• to form differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values;
• from the differences formed, select that negative difference whose amount is the smallest;
• from the differences formed, select that positive difference whose amount is the smallest;
• select as the first vertex from the at least one list of vertices the vertex associated with the negative difference having the smallest magnitude; and
• select a second breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the positive difference with the smallest magnitude.

In a special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed taking into account a difference:
to calculate the respective amounts of the differences for the differences formed.

In a further, special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed taking into account a difference:
to calculate differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values.

Furthermore, the control and/or regulation device (18) can be designed taking into account a difference:
to calculate amounts of the differences for the calculated differences.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu ermitteln;
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der ermittelten Leistung und den ersten Leistungen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu bilden;
• jedem Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten die jeweils gebildete Differenz zuzuordnen;
• einen ersten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur negativen Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört; und
• einen zweiten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur positiven Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the above-mentioned devices (18), wherein a first power of the combustion device (1) stored in the memory is assigned to each support point from the at least one list of support points, the control and/or regulating device (18) according to the generation of the specified air supply is designed:

• to determine an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply;
• to form differences between the determined power and the first powers, which are assigned to the bases from the at least one list of bases;
• to assign the respectively formed difference to each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points;
• select a first breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the negative difference with the smallest magnitude; and
• select a second breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the positive difference with the smallest magnitude.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Leistung der Verbrennungsvorrichtung (1) zu berechnen; und
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der berechneten Leistung und den ersten Leistungen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu berechnen.

In a special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• to calculate an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply; and
• to calculate differences between the calculated power and the first powers, which are assigned to the bases from the at least one list of bases.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Gebläsedrehzahl des mindestens einen Aktors (4) zu ermitteln;
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der ermittelten Gebläsedrehzahl und den ersten Gebläsedrehzahlen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu bilden;
• jedem Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten die jeweils gebildete Differenz zuzuordnen;
• einen ersten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur negativen Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört; und
• einen zweiten Stützpunkt aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten auszuwählen, welcher zur positiven Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag gehört.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), with each support point from the at least one list of support points being assigned a first fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18 ) is formed after generating the specified air supply:

• to determine a fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) from the specified air supply;
• to form differences between the determined fan speed and the first fan speeds, which are assigned to the interpolation points from the at least one list of interpolation points;
• to assign the respectively formed difference to each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points;
• select a first breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the negative difference with the smallest magnitude; and
• select a second breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the positive difference with the smallest magnitude.

• aus der vorgegebenen Luftzufuhr eine Gebläsedrehzahl des mindestens einen Aktors (4) zu berechnen; und
• jeweils Differenzen zwischen der berechneten Gebläsedrehzahl und den ersten Gebläsedrehzahlen, welche den Stützpunkten aus der mindestens einen Liste an Stützpunkten zugeordnet sind, zu berechnen.

In a special embodiment, the control and/or regulation device (18) is designed:

• to calculate a fan speed of the at least one actuator (4) from the specified air supply; and
• to calculate differences between the calculated fan speed and the first fan speeds, which are assigned to the reference points from the at least one list of reference points.

• als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses einen ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den ersten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln;
• als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses einen zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den zweiten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln;
• den ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem ersten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen; und
• den zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem zweiten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a selection of a first and a second support point, each based on a difference, with the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed:

• determine a first, modified drift test value for the first breakpoint as a function of the new test result;
• determine a second, modified drift test value for the second breakpoint as a function of the new test result;
• to store the first, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the first interpolation point; and
• storing the second, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the second interpolation point.

• als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses und als Funktion des dem ersten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes einen ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den ersten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln;
• als Funktion des neuen Testergebnisses und als Funktion des dem zweiten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes einen zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den zweiten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln;
• den ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem ersten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen; und
• den zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert im Speicher der Steuer- und/oder Regelungseinrichtung (18) als dem zweiten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwert zu hinterlegen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and second selected support point, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• to determine a first, changed drift test value for the first node as a function of the new test result and as a function of the drift test value assigned to the first node;
• to determine a second, changed drift test value for the second node as a function of the new test result and as a function of the drift test value assigned to the second node;
• to store the first, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the first interpolation point; and
• storing the second, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the second interpolation point.

• eine aktuelle Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu ermitteln; und
• die Anzahl an Betriebsstunden bis zum nächsten Start der Ermittlung des Testergebnisses zu dem ersten Stützpunkt mit der aktuellen Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu vergleichen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a selection of a first and a second support point based on a difference, with a number of operating hours of the combustion device (1) up to assigned to the next start of determining a test result and stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• determine a current number of operating hours; and
• to compare the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the first support point with the current number of operating hours.

• als Funktion der negativen Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen dritten Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• das neue Testergebnis zum ersten Stützpunkt umzurechnen; und
• durch Gewichtung des zum ersten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss dem dritten Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem ersten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss einem vierten Prozentsatz den ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den ersten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a comparison of a number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result at a first support point with a current number of operating hours, the control and/or regulating device (18) is trained:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the first point:

• determine a third percentage as a function of the negative difference with the smallest amount;
• convert the new test result to the first vertex; and
• determine the first modified drift test value for the first interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the first interpolation point according to the third percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the first interpolation point according to a fourth percentage.

In one embodiment, the third percentage and the fourth percentage add up to one hundred percent.

• eine aktuelle Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu ermitteln; und
• die Anzahl an Betriebsstunden bis zum nächsten Start der Ermittlung des Testergebnisses zu dem zweiten Stützpunkt mit der aktuellen Anzahl an Betriebsstunden zu vergleichen.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a selection of a first and a second support point based on a difference, with a number of operating hours of the combustion device (1) up to assigned to the next start of determining a test result and stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:

• determine a current number of operating hours; and
• to compare the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the second interpolation point with the current number of operating hours.

• als Funktion der positiven Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen fünften Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• das neue Testergebnis zum zweiten Stützpunkt umzurechnen; und
• durch Gewichtung des zum zweiten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss dem fünften Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem zweiten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss einem sechsten Prozentsatz den zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den zweiten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a comparison of a number of operating hours with operating hours until the next start of determining the test result for the first interpolation point and with operating hours until the next start of determining the test result for the second interpolation point, wherein the Control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the second breakpoint:

• determine a fifth percentage as a function of the positive difference with the smallest amount;
• convert the new test result to the second breakpoint; and
• determine the second, modified drift test value for the second interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the second interpolation point according to the fifth percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the second interpolation point according to a sixth percentage.

In one embodiment, the fifth percentage and the sixth percentage add up to one hundred percent.

• als Funktion der negativen Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen dritten Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• als Funktion der positiven Differenz mit dem geringsten Betrag einen fünften Prozentsatz zu ermitteln;
• das neue Testergebnis zum ersten Stützpunkt umzurechnen;
• durch Gewichtung des zum ersten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss dem dritten Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem ersten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss einem siebten Prozentsatz den ersten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den ersten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln;
• das neue Testergebnis zum zweiten Stützpunkt umzurechnen; und
• durch Gewichtung des zum zweiten Stützpunkt umgerechneten Testergebnisses gemäss dem fünften Prozentsatz und durch Gewichtung des dem zweiten Stützpunkt zugeordneten Drifttestwertes gemäss dem siebten Prozentsatz den zweiten, geänderten Drifttestwert für den zweiten Stützpunkt zu ermitteln.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a comparison of a number of operating hours with operating hours until the next start of determining the test result for the first interpolation point and with operating hours until the next start of determining the test result for the second interpolation point, wherein the Control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the first breakpoint and the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number Operating hours until the next start of determining the test result for the second support point is:

• determine a third percentage as a function of the negative difference with the smallest amount;
• determine a fifth percentage as a function of the positive difference with the smallest amount;
• convert the new test result to the first vertex;
• to determine the first, modified drift test value for the first interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the first interpolation point according to the third percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the first interpolation point according to a seventh percentage;
• convert the new test result to the second breakpoint; and
• determine the second, modified drift test value for the second interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the second interpolation point according to the fifth percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the second interpolation point according to the seventh percentage.

In one embodiment, the fourth percentage is equal to the seventh percentage. In other words, the drift test value for the first interpolation point is constantly weighted.

In one embodiment, the sixth percentage is equal to the seventh percentage. In other words, the drift test value for the second interpolation point is constantly weighted.

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second changed drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to control the combustion device (1) using the first, changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and using the second, changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second changed drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to control the combustion device (1) using the first, changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and using the second, changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second changed drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18), and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18), and based on the at least one actuator (4) to generate an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second changed drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
a fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) to generate the combustion device (1).

The fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) is preferably generated using at least one fuel actuator (6).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second modified drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18), and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18), and based on the at least one actuator (4) adjust an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second modified drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
a fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) of the combustion device (1).

The fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) is preferably adjusted using at least one fuel actuator (6).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second changed drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to control the at least one actuator (4) based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18). .

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18) including a first and a second changed drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to control at least one fuel actuator (6) based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a first and a second modified drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to regulate the at least one actuator (4) based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18). .

The present disclosure also teaches one of the aforementioned devices (18), including a first and a second modified drift test value, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed:
to regulate at least one fuel actuator (6) based on the first, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and based on the second, modified drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18).

The present disclosure further teaches a combustion device (1) comprising one of the aforementioned control and/or regulating devices (18).

• wobei die Einrichtung (18) kommunikativ mit dem mindestens einen Aktor (4) und mit dem mindestens einen Brennstoff-Aktor (6) verbunden ist; und
• wobei die Einrichtung (18) kommunikativ mit dem mindestens einen Verbrennungssensor (9) verbunden ist.

The present disclosure also teaches a combustion device (1) comprising at least one combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (4) which acts on an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2), and at least one combustion sensor (9) arranged in this way that it is in the area of a flame of the at least one combustion chamber (2) when the combustion device (1) is in operation, and one of the aforementioned devices (18),

• wherein the device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one actuator (4) and to the at least one fuel actuator (6); and
• wherein the device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one combustion sensor (9).

• wobei die Einrichtung (18) kommunikativ mit dem mindestens einen Luftaktor (4) und mit dem mindestens einen Brennstoffaktor (6) verbunden ist; und
• wobei die Einrichtung (18) kommunikativ mit dem mindestens einen Verbrennungssensor (9) verbunden ist.

The present disclosure also teaches a combustion device (1) comprising at least one combustion chamber (2), at least one air actuator (4), which acts on an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2), at least one fuel actuator (6), which controls a fuel supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2), and at least one combustion sensor (9), which is arranged in such a way that it is in the region of a flame of the at least one combustion chamber (2) when the combustion device (1) is in operation, and one of the aforementioned devices (18 ),

• wherein the device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one air actuator (4) and to the at least one fuel actuator (6); and
• wherein the device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one combustion sensor (9).

• wobei der mindestens eine Verbrennungssensor (9) mindestens eine lonisationselektrode umfasst; und
• wobei die Einrichtung (18) kommunikativ mit der mindestens einen lonisationselektrode (9) verbunden ist.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the foregoing combustion apparatus (1),

• wherein the at least one combustion sensor (9) comprises at least one ionization electrode; and
• wherein the device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one ionization electrode (9).

• wobei der mindestens eine Verbrennungssensor (9) mindestens eine lonisationselektrode ist; und
• wobei die Einrichtung (18) kommunikativ mit der mindestens einen lonisationselektrode (9) verbunden ist.

The present disclosure further teaches one of the foregoing combustion apparatus (1),

• wherein the at least one combustion sensor (9) is at least one ionization electrode; and
• wherein the device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one ionization electrode (9).

The above relates to individual embodiments of the disclosure. Various changes can be made to the embodiments without departing from the basic idea and without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The subject matter of the present disclosure is defined by the claims thereof. Various changes can be made without departing from the scope of protection of the following claims.

Reference sign

• 1 combustion device
• 2 firebox
• 3 exhaust gases
• 4 (motor-driven) fan, air actuator
• 5 air supply
• 6 fuel actuator (particularly gas quantity actuator, motorized adjustable valve)
• 7 fuel, especially fuel gas
• 8 fuel supply channel
• 9 combustion sensor
• 10 Flow and/or pressure sensor with any necessary installations in the fuel supply channel
• 11 pressure sensor and/or mass flow sensor and/or volume flow sensor
• 12 Signal line for specifying the air supply (air throughput) to the fan
• 13 (signal line for transmitting the) fan speed
• 14 Signal line for specifying the fuel supply (fuel throughput) to the fuel actuator
• 15 signal line for an ionization signal
• 16 Signal line for the flow and/or pressure sensor
• 17 signal line for the pressure sensor and/or mass flow sensor and/or volume flow sensor
• 18 control and/or regulation device (with preferably non-volatile memory)
• 19 Air supply or fan speed or power
• 20 ionization current
• 21 Course of an ionization current over air supply or blower speed or power for λ _set
• 22 Course of an ionization current over air supply or blower speed or performance in the drift test
• 23 History of a first, upper air supply or fan speed or power to the second, lower air supply or fan speed or power in the drift test
• 24 current air supply or fan speed or power
• 25 a first support point for a drift test
• 26 a second support point for a drift test
• 27 filter value for neighboring point correction or alternatively zero percent
• 28 weighting

Claims (15)

Combustion device (1) comprising a device (18) for controlling and/or regulating the combustion device (1), the combustion device (1) comprising at least one combustion chamber (2), at least one actuator (4) which controls an air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) and at least one combustion sensor (9) which is arranged in such a way that when the combustion device (1) is in operation it is in the region of a flame in the at least one combustion chamber (2), the control and/or regulating device (18 ) comprises a memory with at least one list of reference points, each reference point from the at least one list of reference points being assigned a first air supply value of the combustion device (1) and each reference point from the at least one list of reference points having a drift test value and an index for a determination are associated with a test result, the control and/or regulation device (18) being designed: using the at least one actuator (4) to generate a predetermined air supply to the at least one combustion chamber (2) of the combustion device (1); after generating the predetermined air supply as a function of the predetermined air supply and based on the first air supply values, select a node from the at least one list of nodes; decide on the determination of a test result based on the index for the selected support point; in the event of a decision to determine a test result: receive one or more signals based on the at least one combustion sensor (9); to determine a new test result from the one signal or from the plurality of signals of the at least one combustion sensor (9); determine a modified drift test value for the selected breakpoint as a function of the new test result; and to store the changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the selected interpolation point. The combustion device (1) according to claim 1, wherein a power of the combustion device (1) stored in the memory is assigned to each support point from the at least one list of support points, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed: to determine an output of the combustion device (1) from the specified air supply; and after generating the specified air supply as a function of the power determined, to select the support point from the at least one list of support points. The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed after the generation of the specified air supply: to form differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values; select the difference that is the smallest in amount; and select the breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that belongs to the difference with the smallest magnitude. The combustion device (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 3, wherein each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points is assigned a number of operating hours of the combustion device (1) until the next start of a determination of a test result as an index for determining the test result and in memory is stored, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed: determine a current number of operating hours; to compare the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the selected base with the current number of operating hours; if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the selected breakpoint: receive the one or more signals based on the at least one combustion sensor (9); and to determine a new test result from the one signal or from the multiple signals of the at least one combustion sensor (9). The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
determine the changed drift test value for the selected node as a function of the new test result and as a function of the drift test value assigned to the selected node. The combustion device (1) according to claim 3, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed: determine a first percentage as a function of the difference having the smallest amount; and determine the changed drift test value for the selected support point by weighting the new test result according to the first percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the selected support point according to a second percentage. The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
to regulate the combustion device (1) on the basis of the changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18). The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed after the generation of the specified air supply: to form differences between the predetermined air supply and the first air supply values; from the differences formed, select that negative difference whose amount is the smallest; from the differences formed, select that positive difference whose amount is the smallest; select as the first vertex from the at least one list of vertices the vertex associated with the negative difference having the smallest magnitude; and select a second breakpoint from the at least one list of breakpoints that corresponds to the positive difference with the smallest magnitude. The combustion device (1) according to claim 8, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed: determine a first, modified drift test value for the first breakpoint as a function of the new test result; determine a second modified drift test value for the second selected breakpoint as a function of the new test result; to store the first, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the first interpolation point; and storing the second, changed drift test value in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) as the drift test value assigned to the second interpolation point. Combustion device (1) according to one of Claims 8 to 9, wherein for each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points as an index for determining the test result, a number of operating hours of the combustion device (1) until the next start of a determination of a test result is assigned and in memory is stored, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed: determine a current number of operating hours; and to compare the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the first support point with the current number of operating hours. The combustion device (1) according to claim 10, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the first point: determine a third percentage as a function of the negative difference with the smallest amount; convert the new test result to the first vertex; and determine the first modified drift test value for the first interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the first interpolation point according to the third percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the first interpolation point according to a fourth percentage. The combustion device (1) according to one of Claims 8 to 11, wherein for each interpolation point from the at least one list of interpolation points, a number of operating hours of the combustion apparatus (1) until the next start of a determination of a test result is assigned as an index for determining the test result and is stored in the memory, the control and/or regulating device (18) being designed: determine a current number of operating hours; and to compare the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the second interpolation point with the current number of operating hours. The combustion device (1) according to claim 12, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
if the current number of operating hours is greater than or equal to the number of operating hours until the next start of the determination of the test result for the second breakpoint: determine a fifth percentage as a function of the positive difference with the smallest amount; convert the new test result to the second breakpoint; and determine the second, modified drift test value for the second interpolation point by weighting the test result converted to the second interpolation point according to the fifth percentage and by weighting the drift test value assigned to the second interpolation point according to a sixth percentage. The combustion device (1) according to one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the control and/or regulating device (18) is designed:
to control the combustion device (1) using the first, changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18) and using the second, changed drift test value stored in the memory of the control and/or regulating device (18). The combustion device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one actuator (4); and wherein the control and/or regulation device (18) is communicatively connected to the at least one combustion sensor (9).

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